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Journal articles on the topic 'Gujarati and Hindi'
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1
Patel, Himadri, Bankim Patel, and Kalpesh Lad. "Feature Extraction and Opinion Mining of Gujarati Language text." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation 09, no. 04 (2022): 06–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2022.9401.
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The field of opinion mining has gained much popularity in last few years. Many new techniques and methods are being developed in different languages like English, Hindi etc. However, it is observed that there is no significant progress in the field of Opinion Mining for languages like Gujarati. The presented work uses a deep learning approach for the Opinion Mining of Gujarati language text. The paper also discusses feature extraction which is one of the most important steps in machine learning or deep learning method.
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Patel, Himadri, Bankim Patel, and Kalpesh Lad. "Feature Extraction and Opinion Mining of Gujarati Language text." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation 09, no. 04 (2022): 06–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2022.9401.
Full textAbstract:
The field of opinion mining has gained much popularity in last few years. Many new techniques and methods are being developed in different languages like English, Hindi etc. However, it is observed that there is no significant progress in the field of Opinion Mining for languages like Gujarati. The presented work uses a deep learning approach for the Opinion Mining of Gujarati language text. The paper also discusses feature extraction which is one of the most important steps in machine learning or deep learning method.
3
Patel, Kalyani A., and Jyoti S. Pareek. "GH-MAP: translation system for sibling language pair Gujarati--Hindi." CSI Transactions on ICT 1, no. 2 (March 12, 2013): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40012-012-0009-6.
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Mesthrie, Rajend. "A chain shift in Indo-Aryan, with special reference to Gujarati dialects." Language Dynamics and Change 12, no. 1 (December 10, 2021): 124–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-bja10016.
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Abstract This paper explores a possible chain shift in Gujarati dialects, involving the consonants k, kh, c, ch, s, ś, h, ḥ, V̤, and ∅ (where ś denotes IPA [ʃ], ḥ voiceless [h], V̤ a murmured vowel, and ∅ “zero”). The chain shift can be discerned by comparing the colloquial forms in the regional dialects with the standard Gujarati forms and those of Central Indo-Aryan languages like Hindi. This comparison yields the following correspondences, giving the standard and Central Indo-Aryan sounds first: k, kh = c, ch; c, ch = s or ś; s = ḥ; h = V̤ or ∅. The paper demonstrates that this set of correspondences between standard Gujarati and the dialects is a large one, and that it indeed suggests a chain shift, taken up differentially in the various dialects analyzed (Kathiawadi, Surti, Charotari, and Pattani). For the chain shift, the standard is firmly in the Central Indo-Aryan camp, while the dialects analyzed align more closely with Western Indo-Aryan.
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Khokhlova, L. "Semantic domain of falling in three related Indo-Aryan languages: Hindi-Urdu, Punjabi and Gujarati." Acta Linguistica Petropolitana XVI, no. 1 (January 2020): 638–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/alp2306573716120.
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The paper defi nes cognitively relevant aspects of falling situations that obtain their specifi c lexical coding in three Western Indo-Aryan languages: Hindi-Urdu, Punjabi and Gujarati. The study employs the methodology proposed by the Moscow Lexical Typology Group implying description and comparison of lexical items through their combinability properties. This method demands resorting to a number of sources and tools: dictionaries, fi ction, on-line resources and specially designed questionnaires used in fi eldwork. The paper reveals the main parameters and frames that govern the lexical choice in the domain of falling in Western NIA. The dominant lexemes of the domain — h.-u. girnā, p. ḍignā, g. paṛvuⁿ — cover the largest share of all relevant frames. Meanwhile certain situations of falling can lie within the scope of both the dominant lexeme and a lexeme with more specifi c semantics, e.g. homophonic cognates: h.-u. ṭapaknā, p. ṭapakṇā, g. ṭapakvuⁿ ‘to drip, to knock’ describing falling of rape fruits. There are also contexts where the usage of the dominant lexeme is prohibited; in these cases, using a specialized word is the only way to lexicalize the situation (e.g. falling of precipitations in Punjabi). Special attention is paid to metaphorical shifts — both shared by Hindi-Urdu, Punjabi and Gujarati and attested only in one or two languages. It is shown that the cognates h.-u. paṛṇā, p. paiṇā, g. paṛvuⁿ develop the most extensive sets of fi gurative meanings. Besides metaphorical shifts, the verbs h.-u. paṛṇā, p. paiṇā,g. paṛvuⁿ undergo grammaticalization processes and acquire inceptive, resultative and some other grammatical usages. Presumably, the verbs paṛṇā and paiṇā occupied diachronically the dominant position in the fi eld of falling, in Hindi-Urdu a
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Jain, Dr Sushma. "MURAL PAINTING OF GIRIRAJ TEMPLE GWALIOR." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 1, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v1.i1.2020.4.
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English: The Tomarvanshi tradition of promoting music, literature and art emerged as an influential center of Gwalior art, creating a style that was different from the Gujarati tradition but influenced by both Rajput and Akbarian Mughal art. It was natural that Gwalior had become a stronghold of artists at that time. [1].
Hindi: संगीत, साहित्य और कला को प्रोत्साहन देने की तोमरवंषी परम्परा के कारण ही ग्वालियर कला के प्रभावषाली केन्द्र के रूप में उभरा इस केन्द्र से एक ऐसी शैली का निर्माण हुआ जो गुजराती परम्परा से भिन्न किन्तु राजपूत और अकबरकालीन मुगलकला दोनों से प्रभावित थी । स्वाभाविक था कि ग्वालियर उस समय कलाकारों का गढ़ बन गया था । [1]
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Ameta, Juhi, Nisheeth Joshi, and Iti Mathur. "Improving the Quality of Gujarati-Hindi Machine Translation through Part-of-Speech Tagging and Stemmer Assisted Transliteration." International Journal on Natural Language Computing 2, no. 3 (June 30, 2013): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijnlc.2013.2305.
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Bishara, Fahad Ahmad, and Nandini Chatterjee. "Introduction: The Persianate Bazaar." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 64, no. 5-6 (November 26, 2021): 487–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341544.
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Abstract The collection of essays in this volume examines forms of business documentation in the late Persianate world and the Indian Ocean, between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries. Looking upon business in its broadest sense, the themes range from property disputes within families to inter-polity and inter-imperial deals, all of which is captured within the notion of the bazaar. Presenting documents and documentary forms written in Persian, but also the associated languages of Arabic, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Marathi and Rajasthani, the articles collectively enrich the idea of the Persianate, delineating its specific dispensations within regional contexts, and also its boundaries and limitations. This is also a contribution to the study of Persographia, in this case Persianate rather than just Persian writing. The articles study specific language combinations, lexical elements and usages that came to be deployed in different areas and the legal cultures they provide evidence for.
9
Ray, Jayanti. "Treating Phonological Disorders in a Multilingual Child." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 11, no. 3 (August 2002): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2002/035).
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This study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of cognitive-linguistic approach in treating a phonological disorder in a five-year-old trilingual child. The child's native languages were Hindi and Gujarati, with English acquired during preschool. The child's speech was mildly unintelligible, characterized by normal as well as deviant phonological processes and inconsistent errors in all three languages. A cognitive-linguistic approach that incorporated process elimination and minimal contrast therapies was used to treat the phonological disorders in English only. Posttherapeutic assessment after five months of treatment indicated significant improvements in the child's overall speech intelligibility in all three languages, indicating generalization. It may be hypothesized that a multilingual child is likely to use a common phonological system that may be shared by two or more languages during early learning stages. Clinical implications regarding assessment and intervention for bilingual/multilingual children with disordered phonology are discussed.
10
Singh, Avadhesh Kumar. "Indian “Renaissance” Self-(Re)fashioning and Colonialism: A Comparative Study of the 19th Century Gujarati and Hindi “Renaissance” Prose Writings." South Asian Review 25, no. 1 (November 2004): 259–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2004.11932333.
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Baruah, Rupjyoti, Rajesh Kumar Mundotiya, and Anil Kumar Singh. "Low Resource Neural Machine Translation: Assamese to/from Other Indo-Aryan (Indic) Languages." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3469721.
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Machine translation (MT) systems have been built using numerous different techniques for bridging the language barriers. These techniques are broadly categorized into approaches like Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) and Neural Machine Translation (NMT). End-to-end NMT systems significantly outperform SMT in translation quality on many language pairs, especially those with the adequate parallel corpus. We report comparative experiments on baseline MT systems for Assamese to other Indo-Aryan languages (in both translation directions) using the traditional Phrase-Based SMT as well as some more successful NMT architectures, namely basic sequence-to-sequence model with attention, Transformer, and finetuned Transformer. The results are evaluated using the most prominent and popular standard automatic metric BLEU (BiLingual Evaluation Understudy), as well as other well-known metrics for exploring the performance of different baseline MT systems, since this is the first such work involving Assamese. The evaluation scores are compared for SMT and NMT models for the effectiveness of bi-directional language pairs involving Assamese and other Indo-Aryan languages (Bangla, Gujarati, Hindi, Marathi, Odia, Sinhalese, and Urdu). The highest BLEU scores obtained are for Assamese to Sinhalese for SMT (35.63) and the Assamese to Bangla for NMT systems (seq2seq is 50.92, Transformer is 50.01, and finetuned Transformer is 50.19). We also try to relate the results with the language characteristics, distances, family trees, domains, data sizes, and sentence lengths. We find that the effect of the domain is the most important factor affecting the results for the given data domains and sizes. We compare our results with the only existing MT system for Assamese (Bing Translator) and also with pairs involving Hindi.
12
Gunna, Sanjana, Rohit Saluja, and Cheerakkuzhi Veluthemana Jawahar. "Improving Scene Text Recognition for Indian Languages with Transfer Learning and Font Diversity." Journal of Imaging 8, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8040086.
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Reading Indian scene texts is complex due to the use of regional vocabulary, multiple fonts/scripts, and text size. This work investigates the significant differences in Indian and Latin Scene Text Recognition (STR) systems. Recent STR works rely on synthetic generators that involve diverse fonts to ensure robust reading solutions. We present utilizing additional non-Unicode fonts with generally employed Unicode fonts to cover font diversity in such synthesizers for Indian languages. We also perform experiments on transfer learning among six different Indian languages. Our transfer learning experiments on synthetic images with common backgrounds provide an exciting insight that Indian scripts can benefit from each other than from the extensive English datasets. Our evaluations for the real settings help us achieve significant improvements over previous methods on four Indian languages from standard datasets like IIIT-ILST, MLT-17, and the new dataset (we release) containing 440 scene images with 500 Gujarati and 2535 Tamil words. Further enriching the synthetic dataset with non-Unicode fonts and multiple augmentations helps us achieve a remarkable Word Recognition Rate gain of over 33% on the IIIT-ILST Hindi dataset. We also present the results of lexicon-based transcription approaches for all six languages.
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Prabhakar, Akshara, Gouri Sankar Majumder, and Ashish Anand. "CL-NERIL: A Cross-Lingual Model for NER in Indian Languages (Student Abstract)." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 11 (June 28, 2022): 13031–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21652.
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Developing Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems for Indian languages has been a long-standing challenge, mainly owing to the requirement of a large amount of annotated clean training instances. This paper proposes an end-to-end framework for NER for Indian languages in a low-resource setting by exploiting parallel corpora of English and Indian languages and an English NER dataset. The proposed framework includes an annotation projection method that combines word alignment score and NER tag prediction confidence score on source language (English) data to generate weakly labeled data in a target Indian language. We employ a variant of the Teacher-Student model and optimize it jointly on the pseudo labels of the Teacher model and predictions on the generated weakly labeled data. We also present manually annotated test sets for three Indian languages: Hindi, Bengali, and Gujarati. We evaluate the performance of the proposed framework on the test sets of the three Indian languages. Empirical results show a minimum 10% performance improvement compared to the zero-shot transfer learning model on all languages. This indicates that weakly labeled data generated using the proposed annotation projection method in target Indian languages can complement well-annotated source language data to enhance performance. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/aksh555/CL-NERIL.
14
Trivedi, Rohit, and Khyati Jagani. "Perceived service quality, repeat use of healthcare services and inpatient satisfaction in emerging economy." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 12, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 288–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-11-2017-0065.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand that how different demographic variables and repeated availing of service from the same doctor or same hospital shape the overall perception of health-care service quality and satisfaction among inpatients admitted in private hospitals in an emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered, cross-sectional survey of inpatients using a questionnaire was translated into Hindi and Gujarati. The data were collected from 702 inpatients from 18 private clinics located in three selected cities from Western India. Findings The results indicate that experience with hospital administration, doctors, nursing staff, physical environment, hospital pharmacy and physical environment is significant predictor of inpatient satisfaction. Physical environment was found to be significantly associated with satisfaction only among female inpatient. It was also found that repeat availing of services either from the same hospital or doctor does not increase patient satisfaction. The feasibility, reliability and validity of the instrument that measures major technical and nontechnical dimensions of quality of health-care services were established in the context of a developing country. Originality/value The study makes important contribution by empirically investigating the inpatient assessment of health-care service quality based upon their demographic information and repeated availing of services to understand how repeat visit shapes the service quality perception.
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Laliwala, Sharik. "In the Hindutva Heartland: Bharatiya Janata Party’s Superficial Democratization in Gujarat." Studies in Indian Politics 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321023020963748.
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This article examines Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)’s hegemony in Gujarat by studying the changes inaugurated by the party in the caste profile of Gujarati political elites. I showcase the transition of BJP from a party of elite castes to a limited accommodation of a few Hindu backward castes, especially under Narendra Modi’s chief ministership. However, I argue that the recruitment of Hindu backward castes as ministers represents a case of superficial democratization as they were appointed in non-influential ministries or were co-opted only near election time. Indeed, Modi’s developmentalist regime solidified the dominance of upper castes and Patels from an urban background and a few Rajputs, and led to a rural backlash in the form of Patel agitation. In the final section, I analyse these still emerging trends in Gujarat’s polity, which became visible on a rural–urban continuum in the 2017 state election.
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Joshi, Devang Y., Mukeshkumar B. Nariya, and Rajesh Barvaliya. "A Phyto-pharmacological review of Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2021.7112.
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The present highlight the comprehensive ethano-medicinal uses of B. maderaspatensis, to enlighten its phytochemical constituents and pharmacological uses which may useful in various types of diseases. Blepharis is a genus of plant in family Acanthaceae and it contains around 126 species found in seasonally dry to arid habitats. One of its plants, Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth has been recognized by the Utinjan, Otigan, Utagan, and Chatushpatri in Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, and Sanskrit respectively. Leaf extract of B. maderaspatensis rich in phytoconstituents like saponins, mucilage, flavonoids like caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin and ferulic acid. It is useful in various types of diseases as proved by pharmacological studies as an anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-atherogenic activities, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive activity, anti-ulcer activity, wound healing activity and in diabetic wound. The review suggests the similar uses and nomenclature of B. maderaspatensis to Blepharis edulis as mentioned in Wealth of India. Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth has rich phytoconstituents and varied pharmacological activities. Further, it has similar uses as Blepharis edulis mentioned in Wealth of India. Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth is the species of original Utingan stated in Ayurveda. Likewise, it has similar properties and action to the Blepharis edulis (Forssk.) Pers. which could be useful for different types of diseases like inflammation, ulcer, wound, diabetic wound. Present review highlights the phytoconstituents and different ethanomedicinal claims and some proven pharmacological activities.
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Green, Nile. "The View from the Edge: The Indian Ocean's Middle East." International Journal of Middle East Studies 48, no. 4 (September 30, 2016): 746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743816000866.
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I first encountered the Indian Ocean on the shores of Makran. I thought I was at land's end, Asia's edge. The ocean hadn't entered my thoughts except as non plus ultra, an ending void. The map said Baluchistan, and I had come to find the Baluch. But I soon found Africans and Zikris, palm-frond huts and Omani passports, old soldiers (or mercenaries) from an overseas foreign legion and smugglers of whiskey, opium, and pharmaceuticals. Now China has built a port there; then, less than twenty years ago, they were still making dhows, subtle smuggling ships. Yet it was far from romantic. It was a rough and hard place where traders and fishers eked a marginal existence from the watery edge of a dust-powder desert. Karachi was thirty-six hours by bus then truck. But Pakistan was an abstract and suspect idea; locals talked more of Muscat. A year or two later, in the Tihama of Yemen, I watched as boatloads of Africans (refugees? job hunters? all men at any rate) ran ashore through the surf. My Arab colleagues, all from the highlands, said they arrived every day, and spoke ill of them. A while after that, in Muscat, I listened with curiosity to Arabic laced with Urdu (or was it Hindi, or Gujarati? They were just nouns, Wanderwörter: terms that travel). In Iran, it was different sounds of the ocean I heard when urban friends gave me tapes of bandarī, the music of the ports.
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Urdapilleta Carrasco, Jorge. "Fortalecimiento de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria desde la Economía Social y Solidaria." Perfiles Educativos 41, no. 164 (April 1, 2019): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iisue.24486167e.2019.164.58683.
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El presente texto expone una serie de propuestas que refuerzan la función social de las Instituciones de Educación Superior -tanto públicas como privadas- a través de la Responsabilidad Social Universitaria, mediante la incorporación de los principios de la Economía Social y Solidaria. Se elabora una reflexión sobre el origen de las instituciones educativas y su vínculo con la reproducción social de las condiciones de clase en las sociedades; así como de los riesgos institucionales de anteponer el cumplimiento de indicadores y su posicionamiento en el mercado, en lugar de la construcción de relaciones sociales y económicas más armónicas. A partir de dicha reflexión, se presentan algunas propuestas de acciones concretas que podrían impulsarse, incluyendo lo que se ha denominado como “modelo de aprendizaje trascendental”. Éste último concebido desde un enfoque constructivista, cimentado en la promoción de la relacionalidad y la solidaridad económica, ambas virtudes fundamentales de una civilización planetaria y una ciudadanía cosmopolita.
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19
Sheikh, Samira. "Persian in the Villages, or, the Language of Jamiat Rai’s Account Books." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 64, no. 5-6 (November 26, 2021): 693–751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341551.
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Abstract District (pargana)-level land revenue administration in late-Mughal south Gujarat was run mostly by Hindu and Jain family firms which operated within a multilingual environment featuring Gujarati and Marathi as well as Persian. Similar arrangements continued under early East India Company control but, by the 1820s, the British had done away with land-revenue family firms and their contextual multilingualism, replacing them with directly-employed village accountants writing only in Gujarati. This article argues that pargana-level officials’ multilingualism and relative autonomy were not an 18th-century aberration but a key feature of Mughal administration, dislodged with difficulty by the British.
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Tolba, Nasser. "From Rebellion to Riots." Research in Social Sciences and Technology 3, no. 2 (May 20, 2018): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/ressat.03.02.6.
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This article aims to explore the phenomenon of political violence at Egyptian universities after the downfall of the Muslim Brotherhood regime on June 30, 2013. It is a critical analysis to identify the underlying causes and factors leading to this excessive violence and its impact on the Egyptian universities. The article drew on qualitative methods by interviewing 16 Muslim Brotherhood students from four public universities. The results indicate that frustration, injustice, the collapse of democracy, and interference of the security in universities played an initial role in the students’ violent behaviors. The forms of violence varied from clashes, throwing stones, and destroying university facilities and infrastructure. The effects of violence on the university were large such as, cancelling study several times, eliminating student political and cultural activities, infrastructure losses, and many arrests, injuries and victims between students and staff.
Keywords: 30 June events 2013, political violence, Egypt revolution, student protests.
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Halimatusa’diah, Halimatusa’diah. "PERANAN MODAL KULTURAL DAN STRUKTURAL DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KERUKUNAN ANTARUMAT BERAGAMA DI BALI." Harmoni 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v17i1.207.
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Ahmadiyah events in Cikeusik, Shia in Sampang, until the case of Tanjung Balai, are various events of intolerance that often color the reality of our plural society. However, in some other areas with its diverse community, as in Bali, we can find a society that is able to maintain harmony among its diverse peoples and live side by side. This study aims to describe various factors that support inter-religious harmony in Bali. This review is important to overcome the various religious conflicts that occurred in Indonesia, as well as how to create harmony among religious followers. Using a qualitative approach, this study found that the creation of tolerance and harmony among religious believers in Bali, in addition influenced by historical model, also because Bali has a strong cultural capital and structural capital. Cultural capital in the form of local wisdom that is still maintained and also the harmony agents such as guardians of tradition and FKUB also play a major role in maintaining and creating harmony among religious followers in Bali
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22
Эралиева, Ы. "ИНДИЙСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА В РУССКИХ И КЫРГЫЗСКИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯХ." Vestnik Bishkek Humanities University, no. 50 (January 15, 2020): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35254/bhu.2019.50.52.
Full textAbstract:
Аннотация: В данной статье прослеживается эволюция переводов индийской литературы на русский язык, осуществленные в ХХ веке с санскрита, с урду, с хинди, с гуджарати, с ория, с маратхи, с бенгальского, а также с английских переводов. На кыргызский язык произведения индийской литературы были переведены с русских трансформаций во второй половине ХХ века. В статье анализируется эквивалентность оригиналов и переложений на русский и кыргызский языки, дана оценка значимости и художественной ценности переложений. Также оценивается интеллектуальный труд русских и кыргызских переводчиков, открывших для современных читателей богатый мир индийского художественного слова. Ключевые слова: перевод, литература, индийский рассказ, труд, значимость, переводчик, автор, поэзия, популярность, традиция, герой, культура, достояние. Аннотация: Бул макалада ХХ кылымда санскриттен, урду, хинди, гуджарати, ория, маратхи, бенгал жана англис тилдеринен индия адабиятынын орус тилине котормолорунун эволюциясына байкоо салынат. Индия адабиятынын чыгармалары кыргыз тилине ХХ кылымдын экинчи жарымында орус котормолорунан которулган. Макалада оригинал менен орус, кыргыз тилдерине котормолорунун экви- валенттүүлүгү талданат, котормолордун адабий баалуулуктарына баа берилет.Ошондой эле индия көркөм сөзүнүн бай дүйнөсүн азыркы окурмандарга ачып берген орус жана кыргыз котормочуларынын интеллектуалдык эмгегине баа берилет. Түйүндүү сөздөр: котормо, адабият, индия ангемеси, эмгек, маанилуулук, котормочу, автор, поэзия, популярдуулук, салт, каарман, маданият, баалуулук. Annotation: This article traces the evolution of translations of Indian literature into Russian, carried out in the twentieth century from Sanskrit, from Urdu, from Hindi, from Gujarati, from Oriya, from Marathi, from Bengali, as well as from English translations. The works of Indian literature were translated into Kyrgyz from Russian transformations in the second half of the 20th century. The article analyzes the equivalence of originals and transcriptions into Russian and Kyrgyz languages, assesses the significance and artistic value of transcriptions. The intellectual work of Russian and Kyrgyz translators, who have opened up the rich world of Indian art words to modern readers, is also evaluated. Keywords: translation, literature, Indian story, work, significance, translator, author, poetry, popularity, tradition, hero, culture, wealth.
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Irvine, Ann, and Chris Callison-Burch. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Bilingual Lexicon Induction." Computational Linguistics 43, no. 2 (June 2017): 273–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00284.
Full textAbstract:
Bilingual lexicon induction is the task of inducing word translations from monolingual corpora in two languages. In this article we present the most comprehensive analysis of bilingual lexicon induction to date. We present experiments on a wide range of languages and data sizes. We examine translation into English from 25 foreign languages: Albanian, Azeri, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Cebuano, Gujarati, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Latvian, Nepali, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Somali, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Turkish, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Vietnamese, and Welsh. We analyze the behavior of bilingual lexicon induction on low-frequency words, rather than testing solely on high-frequency words, as previous research has done. Low-frequency words are more relevant to statistical machine translation, where systems typically lack translations of rare words that fall outside of their training data. We systematically explore a wide range of features and phenomena that affect the quality of the translations discovered by bilingual lexicon induction. We provide illustrative examples of the highest ranking translations for orthogonal signals of translation equivalence like contextual similarity and temporal similarity. We analyze the effects of frequency and burstiness, and the sizes of the seed bilingual dictionaries and the monolingual training corpora. Additionally, we introduce a novel discriminative approach to bilingual lexicon induction. Our discriminative model is capable of combining a wide variety of features that individually provide only weak indications of translation equivalence. When feature weights are discriminatively set, these signals produce dramatically higher translation quality than previous approaches that combined signals in an unsupervised fashion (e.g., using minimum reciprocal rank). We also directly compare our model's performance against a sophisticated generative approach, the matching canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) algorithm used by Haghighi et al. ( 2008 ). Our algorithm achieves an accuracy of 42% versus MCCA's 15%.
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Dr. Jan Nisar Moin. "A Research Review of Urdu Language." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 2, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v2i3.23.
Full textAbstract:
Urdu originated in the 12th century AD from the Upabharmsha region of northwestern India, which served as a linguistic system after the Muslim conquest. His first great poet was Amir Khosrow (1253–1325), who wrote duets, folk songs, and riddles in the newly formed speech, which was then called Hindu. This mixed speech was spoken in different ways in Hindi, Hindi, Hindi, Delhi, Rekhta, Gujari, Dakshini, Urdu, Mullah, Urdu, or Urdu only. The great Urdu writers continued to call it Hindi or Hindi until the beginning of the 19th century, although there is evidence that it was called Indian in the late 17th century. This article presents a research overview of Urdu language.
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Verstappen, Sanderien. "Mobility and the Region." Journal of South Asian Development 12, no. 2 (August 2017): 112–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174117711869.
Full textAbstract:
A rich body of historical and anthropological scholarship has critically interrogated the making and remaking of ‘Gujarat’, exploring not only the political and social contestations around the formation of Gujarat as regional territory but also the articulation of distinct regional identities in various parts of the region and by various ‘minority’ communities. This article contributes to these discussions through a case study of a transnational community of Gujarati Muslims, Sunni Vohras from Charotar in central Gujarat, drawing on travel-along ethnographic research with a migrant visiting his ‘homeland’. The tensions brought about by the unfolding politics of Hindu nationalism in post-2002 Gujarat have influenced how mobile members of this group reproduce social relations in a transnational social field and cultivate social and material ties to the region. Conceptualizing the region as constituted by various kinds of mobilities, and paying special attention to social relations and social–economic practices, the article demonstrates how a regional homeland can be uncovered through ‘travel-along’ ethnographic research.
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Arnold, B. J., H. Du, S. Eremenco, and D. Cella. "Using the FACT-Neurotoxicity Subscale to evaluate quality of life in patients from across the globe." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 17032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.17032.
Full textAbstract:
17032 Background: Translation of Patient Reported Outcomes measures is an essential component of research methodology in preparation for multinational clinical trials. One such measure is the FACT-Neurotoxicity Subscale (FACT-Ntx) which is aimed at the evaluation of quality of life of cancer patients suffering from neurotoxicity, a side effect of certain treatments. Methods: This study set out to linguistically validate the FACT-Ntx for use in Denmark, India, Lithuania and S. Africa. The sample consisted of 176 patients (96 males & 80 females), with varying cancer diagnoses and a mean age of 51 years, speaking 11 languages: Afrikaans (15), Danish (25), Gujarati (15), Hindi (15), Kannada (15), Lithuanian (15), Malayalam (15), Marathi (15), Punjabi (15), Tamil (15) and Telugu (16). The FACT-Ntx was translated using standard FACIT methodology. Patients diagnosed with cancer, at any stage, receiving any treatment experiencing neurotoxicity completed the respective translated version and participated in cognitive debriefing interviews to give their opinion on any problems with the translations or the content of the FACT-Ntx. Statistical analyses (descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and reliability analyses) were performed on the quantitative data. Participant comments were analyzed qualitatively. Results: The FACT-Ntx translations showed good reliability and linguistic validity. The internal consistency of all languages combined was .86. All items correlated at an acceptable level. The Ntx score differed across self-reported Performance Status Rating (PSR) groups (nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test p<.0001). A nonparametric Generalized Linear Model (GLM) approach (with multiple comparison adjusted significance level 0.017) showed a difference between ‘PSR=0’ and ‘PSR=1’ (p=0.0002) and a difference between ‘PSR=0’ and ‘PSR=2’ (p<.0001), both with ‘PSR=0’ patients reporting less neurotoxicity. Conclusions: The FACT-Ntx has shown acceptable reliability and linguistic validity in 11 languages. The instrument has also shown adequate sensitivity in differentiating patients with no symptoms and normal activity from patients reporting some symptoms. We consider these translations acceptable for use in international research and clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Papilaya, Patrich Phill Edrich. "Aplikasi Google Earth Engine Dalam Menyediakan Citra Satelit Sumberbedaya Alam Bebas Awan." MAKILA 16, no. 2 (November 12, 2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/makila.v16i2.6586.
Full textAbstract:
translator
Ketersediaan Citra Satelit yang berkualitas menjadi salah satu syarat keberhasilan penelitian sumberdaya alam, secara khusus dibidang kehutanan. Google Earth Engine (GEE) adalah salah satu platform berbasis awan (cloud) yang disediakan oleh Google. GEE bekerja berbasis Bahasa program Java Script. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aplikasi GEE mampu menyediakan citra satelit yang memiliki tutupan awan sangat rendah atau bebas awan (clouds free). Aplikasi GEE merupakan salah satu solusi penelitian sumberdaya alam terutama pada pulau-pulau kecil di Provinsi Maluku.
Afrikaans
Albanian - shqipe
Arabic - العربية
Armenian - Հայերէն
Azerbaijani - azərbaycanca
Basque - euskara
Belarusian - беларуская
Bengali - বাংলা
Bulgarian - български
Catalan - català
Chinese - 中文（简体中文）
Chinese - 中文 (繁體中文)
Croatian - hrvatski
Czech - čeština
Danish - dansk
Dutch - Nederlands
English
Esperanto - esperanto
Estonian - eesti
Filipino
Finnish - suomi
French - français
Galician - galego
Georgian - ქართული
German - Deutsch
Greek - Ελληνικά
Gujarati - ગુજરાતી
Haitian Creole - kreyòl ayisyen
Hebrew - עברית
Hindi - हिन्दी
Hungarian - magyar
Icelandic - íslenska
Indonesian - Bahasa Indonesia
Irish - Gaeilge
Italian - italiano
Japanese - 日本語
Kannada - ಕನ್ನಡ
Korean - 한국어
Latin - Lingua Latina
Latvian - latviešu
Lithuanian - lietuvių
Macedonian - македонски
Malay - Bahasa Melayu
Maltese - Malti
Norwegian - norsk
Persian - فارسی
Polish - polski
Portuguese - português
Romanian - română
Russian - русский
Serbian - Српски
Slovak - slovenčina
Slovenian - slovenščina
Spanish - español
Swahili - Kiswahili
Swedish - svenska
Tamil - தமிழ்
Telugu - తెలుగు
Thai - ไทย
Turkish - Türkçe
Ukrainian - українська
Urdu - اردو
Vietnamese - Tiếng Việt
Welsh - Cymraeg
Yiddish - יידיש
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Oliveira, Woslley Sidney Nogueira de, Adriana Silva Lima, and Rosinete Batista dos Santos Ribeiro. "Identificação de possíveis áreas salinizadas no perímetro irrigado de São Gonçalo utilizando o sensoriamento remoto." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 9, no. 4 (May 23, 2018): 362–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2018.004.0029.
Full textAbstract:
Os perímetros irrigados implantados no Estado da Paraíba são considerados uma alternativa econômica bastante rentável, promove a geração de empregos e aumenta a disponibilidade de alimentos. Devido ao manejo inadequado do solo e da água, isso têm causado perdas na qualidade do solo desses perímetros, degradando-os principalmente por salinização. O sensoriamento remoto é uma alternativa tecnológica de baixo custo, boa frequência temporal e possui a capacidade de mapear áreas em processo de desertificação. Essa pesquisa têm por objetivo identificar possíveis áreas afetadas por sais no Perímetro Irrigado de São Gonçalo (PISG), Sousa/PB, por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Para esse estudo foi utilizado imagens do satélite LANDSAT 8/OLI (média resolução espacial), órbita 216/ponto 65 da data de 23/11/2016; imagem do software Google Earth Pro® da data de 29/02/2016 para servir como imagem auxiliar e registros fotográficos das áreas in loco. Realizou-se a técnica de classificação supervisionada, utilizando o SCP (semi- automatic plugin) no software QGIS (Quantum Gis). A aferição da qualidade da classificação se deu por meio da validação cruzada, utilizando de parâmetros estatísticos como a exatidão do produtor (EP), exatidão do usuário (EU), exatidão global (EG) e índice Kappa. A classe área supostamente salinizada (ASS) apresentou EP e EU de 89.15% e 88.88%, respectivamente. O índice Kappa resultou em um valor de 0.8684, a classe ASS foi classificada como sendo de qualidade excelente. A qualidade geral da classificação é avaliada tanto pela EG que apresentou um valor de 0.9350 como pelo índice Kappa geral com valor de 0.9252, sendo valores que representam uma classificação de qualidade excelente. A classe ASS apresentou os maiores valores mínimos e máximos de fator de refletância em todas as bandas da imagem, destacando a banda 6 de valores 0.47 e 0.67, respectivamente. O valor da área classificada como sendo da classe ASS foi de 1736.75 hectares, 31% da área total do PISG. As imagens analisadas possibilitaram discriminar áreas salinizadas e não salinizadas mediante as diferenças de tonalidade e de refletância. As imagens analisadas com o plugin SCP possibilitaram a realização de um mapa de classificação supervisionada, indicando a variabilidade espacial das áreas propícias ao processo de salinização. No entanto, recomenda-se a análise dos parâmetros físicos e químicos do solo dessas áreas para o aumento da confiabilidade na qualidade desse tipo de mapeamento.
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MUKHERJEE, S., and B. Beresford. "N18 Facilitating involvement of patients from ethnic minority groups in research: experiences of offering patients a choice of interviewer." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, Supplement_1 (January 2020): S666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.1001.
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Abstract Background Recruitment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients from an ethnic minority background to research is known to be very low. It has been suggested that interviewer characteristics may affect the willingness of individuals to take part in research, with some researchers advocating ethnicity and gender matching. A study on UK South Asian adults’ experiences of living with IBD provided an opportunity to explore these methodological issues further. Methods The study comprised qualitative interviews with adult patients with IBD identifying themselves as Indian/British Indian, Pakistani/British Pakistani, and Bangladeshi/British Bangladeshi. They were recruited from five clinics across England. Rather than presupposing what participants’ preferences might be, patients were offered a choice of interviewer in terms of the following characteristics: gender, shared experience (or not) of IBD, ethnicity and language (Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Mirpuri, Punjabi, Urdu). These interviewers were a particular type of ‘peer researcher’; distinctive in that they are a professional researchers and assumptions have not been made about the ‘peer’ characteristic which is most pertinent to study participants. Results Adopting this study design required strategic planning in terms of resources and research management. Recruitment to the study was good, with over 40% of those invited (n = 41) returning a response form indicating an interest in taking part. Some had no preference over who interviewed them (8 women, 6 men). Where a preference was expressed, gender was the most important factor. Almost all favoured a female rather than a male interviewer (12 vs. 1). The next most frequently requested option was for an interviewer with personal experience of IBD (n = 11). Very few prioritised the ethnicity of the interviewer. Of those that did, two also requested to be interviewed in a South Asian language. Involvement of ‘peer interviewers’ in the development of the interview guide led to the addition of research questions that would not otherwise have been included. In some interviews, shared experience (between interviewer and interviewee) increased the richness of data elicited which, on occasion, threatened ‘even-ess’ of emphasis across the dataset. Conclusion The study achieved an above average recruitment rate, the sampling frame was achieved, and rich data was generated. The research team intend to adopt a similar approach in future studies where it is anticipated recruitment to the study may be challenging and the topics for discussion are sensitive.
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Vidhatri Raval, Vaishali, and Tanya Susan Martini. "Maternal socialization of children's anger, sadness, and physical pain in two communities in Gujarat, India." International Journal of Behavioral Development 33, no. 3 (February 25, 2009): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025408098022.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the recognition of cultural influences in child socialization, little is known about socialization of emotion in children from different cultures. This study examined (a) Gujarati Indian mothers' reports concerning their beliefs, affective and behavioral responses to their children's displays of anger, sadness, and physical pain, and (b) their children's reported decisions to express felt emotion. Eighty mothers and their children (between 5 and 9 years) from two urban communities (suburban and old city) in Gujarat, India participated. Results indicated that Gujarati mothers considered their children's expressions of anger and sadness to be less acceptable than physical pain, and were more likely to convey to the child that the angry or sad expression was unacceptable than with physical pain. Mothers' beliefs about the acceptability of their children's displays were correlated with their reported behaviors in response to those displays, as well as with their children's decisions to express those feelings. Within-culture findings indicated that mothers in the old city considered their children's expressions to be less acceptable than mothers in the suburban community. The findings are discussed in the context of collectivist orientation, Hindu ideology, and social organization across the two communities that influence mothers' reported beliefs and behaviors.
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SHANI, ORNIT. "The Rise of Hindu Nationalism in India: The Case Study of Ahmedabad in the 1980s." Modern Asian Studies 39, no. 4 (October 2005): 861–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x05001848.
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The massacre of Muslims in Ahmedabad and throughout Gujarat in February 2002 demonstrated the challenge of Hindu nationalism to India's democracy and secularism. There is increasing evidence to suggest that government officials openly aided the killings of the Muslim minority by members of militant Hindu organisations. The Gujarat government's intervention did little to stop the carnage. The communalism that was witnessed in 2002 had its roots in the mid-1980s. Since then, militant Hindu nationalism and recurring communal violence arose in Ahmedabad and throughout Gujarat. This study aims to shed light on the rise and nature of communalism since the mid-1980s.
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Cachado, Rita. "Beyond Martim Moniz: Portuguese Hindu Gujarati merchants in Lisbon." Etnografica, no. 21 (1) (February 1, 2017): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etnografica.4871.
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Corbridge, Stuart. "Book review: Raheel Dhattiwala, Keeping the Peace: Spatial Differences in Hindu–Muslim Violence in Gujarat in 2002." Studies in Indian Politics 8, no. 1 (June 2020): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321023020918069.
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Chatterjee, Moyukh. "Against the Witness: Hindu Nationalism and the Law in India." Law, Culture and the Humanities 15, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 172–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1743872116643693.
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In the aftermath of anti-Muslim violence in Gujarat, India, in 2002, NGOs and activists encouraged survivors to testify against Hindu perpetrators in court. Through an ethnographic analysis of a criminal trial in the lower courts of Ahmedabad, I show how state officials and perpetrators used legal procedures to transform Muslim survivors into unreliable witnesses in the courtroom. These formal and informal techniques to destabilize Muslim witnesses are best understood not as byproducts of the law’s failure to address mass violence, but as a legal performance of Hindu supremacy. Procedural and positivistic approaches to the rule of law failed to address the law as a performance embedded in the context of Hindu nationalism in Gujarat. Not only do such trials discredit witnesses of mass violence, but they also give a legal form to the subordinate status of religious minorities within a majoritarian political regime.
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Pallathadka, Harikumar, Laxmi Kirana Pallathadka, and Telem Kamlabati Devi. "Importance of Hindi Language and Its Significance in Nation-Building." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 6 (November 22, 2022): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.2.6.12.
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The meaning of the Hindi language is the second most passed on in language on earth, later Mandarin Chinese. It is evaluated that a massive piece of a billion gathering is generally conveyed in this unique vernacular. Importance of Hindi is one of the various tongues in India that is seen as people in general and the official language of India. Indian tunes and modified versions of them have been widely used by various standard rap and famous music-skilled workers across the globe. In India, music gets excellent with jams in the United States, just as with the rest of the world. Modern Hindi is this type of language that has advanced into an utterly OK structure in India later her autonomy and is being used in various areas. Three specific types of Hindi have advanced and performed three various capacities. Today, Hindi is one of India's most critical official languages, with over 1025 million people speaking it worldwide. "In the Indian provinces of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi, Hindi is the Official Language. It is also widely spoken and perceived in several other Indian states, including Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, and Maharashtra". Individuals that relocate to North India from other states are studying Hindi. Sample of 119 respondents was collected from respondents through a "standard questionnaire," which was created on the five-point interval scale.
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Шарма Брахма Дутта. "Vowel Phonemes in Hindi." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2018.5.2.bsh.
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An analysis of the present day Hindi, as spoken in the northern part of India, brings to light the fact that this language has at least twenty vowel phonemes, and not simply thirteen. Twelve of these twenty vowel phonemes are oral while eight of them are nasalized. Eighteen of them are pure vowels (monophthongs) while two of them are diphthongs. Two of the thirteen vowels included in the current list of alphabet have given place to two consonants with the result that they have ceased to exist. Most of these vowel phonemes occur in all the three positions, namely initial, medial and final, in the Hindi words.
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Lourenço, Inês, and Rita Cachado. "The Role of Diu in the Hindu-Gujarati Diaspora in Portugal." South Asian Studies 34, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2018.1440060.
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Shokoohy, Mehrdad. "The legacy of Islam in Somnath." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 75, no. 2 (June 2012): 297–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x12000493.
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AbstractSince the sack of Somnath by Maḥmūd of Ghazna in 1025–26, Somnath has been a byword for religious orthodoxy, intolerance and conflict between Muslims and Hindus. Yet looking further than Maḥmūd's greed for the temple's gold and later the Delhi sultans' appetite for territory, Somnath and most other towns of Saurashtra had long-established settlements of Muslims engaged in international maritime trade. The settlers, while adhering to their own values, respected their hosts and their traditions and enjoyed the support of the local rajas. It is only in recent years that Hindu nationalist parties have revived the story of Maḥmūd to evoke resentment against the era of Muslim domination, with the aim of inducing communal tensions and gaining political power. The inscriptions and many mosques and Muslim shrines in this Hindu holy city and its vicinity bear witness to the long history of harmonious co-existence between Hindus and Muslims. This paper explores the Muslim culture of Somnath by studying its major mosques. Through an analytic exploration of the typology of the mosques of Saurashtra, the paper demonstrates that while the old centres of power in Gujarat lay outside Saurashtra it is in Somnath and its neighbouring towns that numerous mosques dating from prior to the sultanate of Gujarat still stand. These monuments help illuminate our understanding of early Muslim architecture in Gujarat and its aesthetic evolution from the time of the peaceful maritime settlements to the establishment of the Gujarat Sultanate.
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VICZIANY, MARIKA, and JAYANT BAPAT. "Mumbādevī and the Other Mother Goddesses in Mumbai." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 2 (March 2009): 511–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0700340x.
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AbstractMumbādevī is the patron Goddess of the city of Mumbai, one of the largest and most cosmopolitan cities of Asia. Local traditions say that Mumbādevī was a Koḷī Goddess and worshipped by the indigenous Koḷī fisher community for centuries. However, since the turn of the twentieth century the temple of Mumbādevī and the rituals surrounding the Goddess have gradually been Sanskritised. Today, Mumbādevī is more closely associated with the Gujarati community. This paper examines this transformation and in doing so reflects on the survival of Mumbādevī, the ongoing popularity of Goddess worship in Mumbai and the failure of Hindu fundamentalists to subordinate the Mother Goddesses of Mumbai to a more limited range of Hindu Gods.
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Acharya, Surekha, and Lalit N. Acharya. "Boundaries of Gender and Ethnicity: Gujarati Hindu Women in Artesia's “Little India”." Amerasia Journal 34, no. 3 (January 2008): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/amer.34.3.f63426546u4613w6.
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Patil, Tejaswini. "The Politics of Race, Nationhood and Hindu Nationalism." Asian Journal of Social Science 45, no. 1-2 (2017): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04501002.
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The discussion on Hindu-Muslim conflict in India has revolved around religious or ethno-nationalist explanations. Employing the Gujarat riots of 2002 as a case study, I argue that dominant (Hindu) nationalism is linked to the ideas of “race” and has its roots in Brahminical notions of Aryanism and colonial racism. The categories of “foreign, hypermasculine, terrorist Other” widely prevalent in the characterisation of the Muslim Other, are not necessarily produced due to religious differences. Instead, social and cultural cleavages propagated by Hindu nationalists have their origins in race theory that accommodates purity, lineage, classification and hierarchy as part of the democratic discourses that pervade the modern nation-state. It focuses on how the state and non-state actors create discursive silences and normalise violence against minority communities by embodying emotions of fear, hate and anger among its participants to protect Hindu nationalism.
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Tillin, Louise. "Liberalization, Hindu nationalism and the state: a biography of Gujarat." Contemporary South Asia 21, no. 3 (September 2013): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2013.827435.
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Bacchetta, Paola. "The (failed) production of Hindu nationalized space in Ahmedabad, Gujarat." Gender, Place & Culture 17, no. 5 (August 25, 2010): 551–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2010.503102.
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O'Sullivan, Michael. "Vernacular Capitalism and Intellectual History in a Gujarati Account of China, 1860–68." Journal of Asian Studies 80, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911820003678.
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This article examines one of the earliest Gujarati travelogues concerning China, written by Damodar Ishwardas—a Hindu resident of Bombay and a clerk for a Sunni Khoja commercial firm—and published in Bombay in 1868. Based on a three-year trip to the port cities of southern China, Ishwardas's text runs close to 400 pages and was patronized by a prominent stratum of Bombay's Gujarati-speaking commercial and bureaucratic elite. The primary intervention in this article is to analyze Ishwardas's account as a neglected relic of vernacular capitalism and vernacular intellectual history. Furthermore, the text presents an opportunity to reexamine the history of the Indian intellectual and mercantile engagement with late Qing China, especially before anticolonial nationalism and pan-Asianism supplied new paradigms for Indian writing on East Asia beginning around 1900. It further points to the many unstudied Indian materials that have yet to be integrated into the study of modern capitalism in the regions from the South China Sea to the western Indian Ocean.
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Khokhlova, Liudmila V. "Obligational Constructions in New Indo-Aryan Languages of Western India." Lingua Posnaniensis 55, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2013-0016.
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Abstract The paper describes historical roots as well as syntactic and semantic properties of the three main obligational constructions in modern Hindi-Urdu, Punjabi, Rajasthani 1 and Gujarati2 These constructions differ from one another by the degree and by the type of obligation. The main syntactic properties of obligational constructions discussed in the paper are Agent marking and long distance agreement rules. It will be demonstrated that the increasing frequency of the Dative instead of the Instrumental Agent marking in constructions of obligation was part of the gradual destruction of the ‘passive syntax’ typical for the climactic stage of ergative development.
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SUD, NIKITA. "Secularism and the Gujarat State: 1960–2005." Modern Asian Studies 42, no. 6 (November 2008): 1251–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x07002934.
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AbstractSecularism has been a defining norm for the modern, liberal Indian state. The constitutionally secular Gujarat state is believed to have undergone a paradigmatic shift in 2002, when it supported a massacre of Muslim citizens. This article investigates the empirical as well as normative state in situations of inter-religious violence. It traces the journey of the secular norm over a 45-year period, in the context of contests over identity, political ideology and socio-political dominance. The picture that emerges is much more nuanced than that projected by stark pronouncements of paradigm shifts and the inauguration of a Hindu rashtra.2
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Wood, Martin. "Divine Appetites: Food Miracles, Authority and Religious Identities in the Gujarati Hindu Diaspora." Journal of Contemporary Religion 23, no. 3 (October 2008): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537900802373304.
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Shroff, Beheroze. "Sidis in Mumbai: Negotiating Identities between Mumbai and Gujarat." African and Asian Studies 6, no. 3 (2007): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920907x212259.
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AbstractIn this essay, I discuss issues of identity within the context of social and economic circumstances of the Sidi1 community in Mumbai. I argue that the Sidis who work as caretakers of shrines in Mumbai are accorded dignity and status from the community of devotees who are often from the Muslim, Hindu and Parsi Zoroastrian communities. Those Sidis who are dispersed in different parts of the city and who work as domestics in the homes of middle class Muslim or Hindu families, on the other hand, merge into the nameless toiling masses of the city of Mumbai. Most of these Sidis work in low-income jobs and live in one or two room shanty dwellings. Part of my enquiry also raises the question of home and belonging for the Sidi community. Where do Sidis locate home and how do they construct belonging in India? Finally, I conclude my essay by examining a very different Sidi presence in Mumbai, that of the descendants of the royal family of the Sidis of Janjira (an island off the coast of Mumbai) who live in the upper middle class area of Mumbai. I discuss how the descendants of the Sidis of Janjira construct identity in terms of class and privilege.
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Spodek, Howard. "Pogrom in Gujarat, 2002: Neighborhood Perspectives." Journal of Asian Studies 72, no. 2 (May 2013): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911813000053.
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The 2002 pogrom in the Indian state of Gujarat, and especially in its largest city, Ahmedabad, left about 1,000 Muslims dead in the city, another 1,000 dead in the state, and about 140,000 homeless, some of them still living in relief camps today. The killing, one of the worst in India since partition in 1947, drew responses of horror from across India and the world. Although the assault on Muslims followed an apparent (all the facts will never be known) assault on Hindu pilgrims travelling through the railway station at Godhra, in eastern Gujarat, in which fifty-nine Hindus burned to death, most observers have argued that the response was not commensurate with the attack, and, of course, it targeted not the criminals who may have set the fire, but a community of Muslims 100 miles away.
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Jasani, R. "Pogrom in Gujarat: Hindu Nationalism and Anti-Muslim Violence in India." Journal of Church and State 56, no. 3 (July 6, 2014): 596–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/csu051.
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