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Journal articles on the topic 'Gulf of'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Nandkeolyar, Neha, Mini Raman, G. Sandhya Kiran, and Ajai. "Comparative Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature Pattern in the Eastern and Western Gulfs of Arabian Sea and the Red Sea in Recent Past Using Satellite Data." International Journal of Oceanography 2013 (June 4, 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/501602.

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With unprecedented rate of development in the countries surrounding the gulfs of the Arabian Sea, there has been a rapid warming of these gulfs. In this regard, using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data from 1985 to 2009, a climatological study of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and its inter annual variability in the Persian Gulf (PG), Gulf of Oman (GO), Gulf of Aden (GA), Gulf of Kutch (KTCH), Gulf of Khambhat (KMBT), and Red Sea (RS) was carried out using the normalized SST anomaly index. KTCH, KMBT, and GA pursued the typical Arabian Sea basin bimodal SST pattern, whereas PG, GO, and RS followed unimodal SST curve. In the western gulfs and RS, from 1985 to 1991-1992, cooling was observed followed by rapid warming phase from 1993 onwards, whereas in the eastern gulfs, the phase of sharp rise of SST was observed from 1995 onwards. Strong influence of the El Niño and La Niña and the Indian Ocean Dipole on interannual variability of SST of gulfs was observed. Annual and seasonal increase of SST was lower in the eastern gulfs than the western gulfs. RS showed the highest annual increase of normalized SST anomaly (+0.64/decade) followed by PG (+0.4/decade).

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2

Bejaoui, Safa, Wafa Trabelsi, Imene Chetoui, Feriel Ghribi, Chaima Fouzai, Amira Soltani, Mhamed EL Cafsi, and Nejla Soudani. "ASSESSMENT OF TRACE ELEMENTS UPTAKE ON THE INVASIVE CRAB PORTUNUS SEGNIS HEPATOPANCREAS USING A MULTIVARIATE BIOCHEMICAL APPROACH." Isagoge - Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (May 22, 2021): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.59079/isagoge.v1i1.16.

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In the current investigation, we evaluated the biological consequences of trace elements contamination in the two Tunisian gulfs (Gabes gulf and Tunis gulf) on the blue swimming crabs hepatopancreas (Portunus segnis). The concentrations of three trace elements (cadmium, copper, and lead) in the hepatopancreas P.segnis were evaluated. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), metallothioneins (MTs), hydroxide peroxidase (H2O2) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels, were chosen as measurements to evaluate the environmental effects on the two crabs’ populations from different gulfs. Macromolecular (lipids, proteins, and DNA) were also determined in P.segnis hepatopancreas. The results of trace elements bioaccumulation in soft P. segnis hepatopancreas showed a high pollution in the Gabes gulf as evidence by significant accumulation of cadmium, cooper, and lead. These findings were confirmed by significant increases of metal pollution index (MPI) and metallothioneins (MTs) levels in the hepatopancreas of P. segnis from Gabes gulf than these from Tunis gulf. Consequently, the trace elements accumulation in P.segnis from Gabes gulf conduct to the generation of lipid peroxidation processes as documented by the high levels of H2O2and LOOH. A significant decrease of AChE activity was recorded in crabs collected from Gabes gulf as compared to these from Tunis gulf. The present study revealed depletion of proteins and lipids contents, while DNA showed significant degradation on crab hepatopancreas collected from Gabes gulf comparing to Tunis gulf. These evidences must be taken in consideration when using P. segnis as an ecological indicator species in the biomonitoring programs.

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3

Afkhami, Mehrnaz, Christoph D. Schubart, and Reza Naderloo. "Morphometric differentiation among populations of Leptodius exaratus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) (Brachyura, Xanthidae) from the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman." Crustaceana 89, no. 3 (2016): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003525.

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The marine environment of the Persian Gulf is characterized by extreme biophysical factors, like high salinities. This gulf is a semi-enclosed basin and is connected to the Gulf of Oman via the narrow Strait of Hormuz that may act as a barrier to gene flow between the two gulfs. Consequently, animal populations living in the Persian Gulf are hypothesized to be isolated and thus to evolve independently from neighbouring populations. We tested this hypothesis with the xanthid crab,Leptodius exaratus(H. Milne Edwards, 1834), which is one of the most common intertidal crabs occurring in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Four-hundred-and-fifty specimens were collected from eight sampling sites, i.e., four sites each in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Fifteen morphometric characters were measured. Males and females were analysed separately to avoid bias as a consequence of sexual dimorphism. Due to the lack of normal distribution in males, two different approaches were carried out in this paper. Female specimens were included in parametric analyses, while males were tested with permutational multivariate analyses of variance. In female morphometric characters,t-test analyses showed significant differences between the two sets of populations, and the discriminant analysis showed divergence between the two groups (with 83% correct groupings). In the males, the applied analyses showed a significant difference () between the two gulfs. These divergences can be interpreted as a consequence of regional adaptations and a low rate of larval migration between the two gulfs.

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4

Zamora-Duran, M. Angelica, Richard B. Aronson, James J. Leichter, Jennifer A. Flannery, Julie N. Richey, and Lauren T. Toth. "Imprint of Regional Oceanography on Foraminifera of Eastern Pacific Coral Reefs." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 50, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.3.279.

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ABSTRACT The marginal marine environments of the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) serve as an ideal natural laboratory to study how oceanographic and climatic variability influence coral-reef ecosystems. Reefs along the Pacific coast of Panamá span a natural gradient of nutrients, pH, and temperature as a result of stronger seasonal upwelling in the Gulf of Panamá relative to the Gulf of Chiriquí. The ecosystems are not only influenced by spatial and seasonal variations in oceanography but are affected by the climatic variability of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Foraminifera can be robust indicators of ecosystem condition because the composition of their assemblages and the geochemistry of their tests can change rapidly in response to environmental variability. We studied benthic foraminifera in sediment samples collected from 3 m below mean sea level in the Gulf of Panamá and the Gulf of Chiriquí. Temperature loggers deployed from 2016 to 2019 showed that average temperatures were lower and more variable in the Gulf of Panamá due to seasonal upwelling. All sites in both gulfs were dominated by heterotrophic foraminifera, which was likely the result of nutrient enrichment due to upwelling, combined with ENSO effects. However, the Gulf of Chiriquí was characterized by higher abundances of symbiont-bearing foraminifera than the Gulf of Panamá. The orders Miliolida and Rotaliida dominated the foraminiferal assemblages in both gulfs, with Quinqueloculina and Rosalina being the most abundant genera in the two orders, respectively. Miliolids were less abundant in the Gulf of Panamá than in the Gulf of Chiriquí, whereas rotaliid densities were not significantly different between the two gulfs. Lower pH in the Gulf of Panamá as a result of upwelling may have contributed to the lower abundance of miliolids, which secrete tests of high-magnesium calcite. Geochemical analysis of tests of the symbiont-bearing miliolid Sorites marginalis revealed that foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios were lower in the Gulf of Panamá than in the Gulf of Chiriquí. The offset in foraminiferal Mg/Ca is consistent with the lower mean annual temperature observed in the Gulf of Panamá due to stronger seasonal upwelling. Because the geochemistry and assemblages of foraminifera reflect differences in environmental conditions, they could potentially be used in tandem with coral proxies to reconstruct past environmental change and project the future of coral-reef systems within the ETP.

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5

Sepahvand, Vahid, Alireza Keikhosravi, and Terue Cristina Kihara. "Population differentiation in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman: insights from the ghost shrimp's associated copepods, Clausidium iranensis and Clausidium persiaensis." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 101, no. 1 (February 2021): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315421000072.

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AbstractEvolution and population genetic structure of marine species across the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman are shaped by two complex factors: the geological history and the present pattern of marine currents. Characterizing and comparing the genetic structures of co-existing species, such as host–parasite associations, allow the discrimination of the relative importance of environmental factors and life history traits that influenced gene flow and demographic events. In this study, we compare two associated Clausidium copepod species (C. persiaensis Sepahvand & Kihara 2017 and C. iranensis Sepahvand, Kihara & Boxshall 2019) along the south coast of Iran in two geological settings. We analysed partial nucleotide sequences of the mtCOI gene using divergence estimates (FST) and haplotype networks to infer intraspecific population connectivity in the two Gulfs. The results obtained demonstrate the existence of two genetically and geographically distinct clades, corresponding to the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman populations. Our results also indicate high diversity, population expansion and high connectivity among populations of C. persiaensis and C. iranensis in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman.

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6

Kountoura, K., and I. Zacharias. "Annual hypoxia dynamics in an enclosed gulf." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 4 (April 25, 2012): 5049–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-5049-2012.

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Abstract. Hypoxia in coastal environments is a worldwide problem and is expected to worsen in future. Due to the stratification of the water column in many enclosed or semi-enclosed gulfs, deep waters are isolated and hypoxic or anoxic conditions frequently become dominant. The most common method for the oxygenation of these isolated anoxic water masses is vertical mixing. However, there are enclosed gulfs which rarely have the appropriate energy to ensure the mixing of the entire water column. The main purpose of this paper is to find if there are any other hydrodynamic processes which can cause oxygenation of deep waters, apart from vertical mixing. In order to achieve this aim, an enclosed gulf, Amvrakikos in Western Greece, was chosen to be the case study area and bimonthly physicochemical data were collected for one year and used in combination with a three-dimensional model in order to simulate the hydrodynamic circulation of the system. According to our results, another hydrodynamic process can lead to the oxygenation of the deepest water in an enclosed gulf. This process is the horizontal intrusion of well oxygenated water from the open sea. The key factor in determining the success of this horizontal intrusion is the density difference between the deepest area of the enclosed gulf and the open sea outside the gulf. From autumn to winter, when the open sea water is denser than that inside the gulf, the well oxygenated open sea water inflows into the gulf near the bottom sea floor and re-oxygenates the isolated deep waters through mixing. However, from spring to summer, when the deep water of the gulf is characterized by higher density in comparison with the open sea water, the inflow of well oxygenated water stops, causing the development of hypoxic/anoxic conditions during the summer months.

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7

ASHRAFI, HOSSEIN, AMIR DEHGHANI, ALIREZA SARI, and REZA NADERLOO. "An updated checklist of caridean shrimps of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman." Zootaxa 4747, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4747.3.6.

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The material of the present checklist has been collected from the Iranian intertidal and shallow subtidal shores of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman from 2015 to 2019, in addition to re-examining all the materials deposited in the Zoological Museum of the University of Tehran. This checklist providing 16 new records for the Persian Gulf and 15 for the Gulf of Oman raised the number of recorded caridean shrimps to 109 and 49 for these gulfs, respectively. However, the actual number of these shrimps are higher than these numbers due to two facts. Firstly, most of the subtidal diverse ecosystems, e.g. coral reefs and seagrass bed have not been seriously investigated taxonomically. Secondly, there are some members of species complexes and probably some new species in the study which need to be carefully treated.

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8

Pappa, Filothei. "NORM measurements at Kalloni and Gera Gulfs, Lesvos Island, Greece." HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics 29 (May 5, 2023): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.5137.

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Natural radioactivity measurements were held in the beach sands of the two main gulfs (Gera, Kalloni) of Lesvos Island, Greece. These gulfs host thermal springs and are preferred tourist destinations throughout the year. Dose rates and concentrations of natural radioactivity (232Th series, 226Ra and 40K) and 137Cs were measured in-situ and in the laboratory by means of gamma ray spectroscopy. Ten beach sand samples were collected from each gulf. The in-situ measurement and the dose rate determination was achieved via a portable NaI scintillation detector (SpriID). The activity concentration calculations were realized in the laboratory, with the use of a high purity germanium detector, and then they were also used to estimate dose rates. The in-situ measured and estimated dose rates were compared to verify the different approaches. The highest values (activity concentrations and dose rates) were found at the beaches of Kalloni Gulf compared to those of Gera Gulf, which may be attributed to the granulometry.

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9

Bullock, S. "Gulf." Literary Imagination 11, no. 3 (November 26, 2008): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litimag/imn069.

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10

Mehdi, Syed Sikander. "The gulf after the gulf war." Peace Review 3, no. 3 (September 1991): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659108425605.

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11

Petrusevics, PM. "SST fronts in inverse estuaries, South Australia-indicators of reduced gulf-shlef exchange." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 2 (1993): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930305.

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During the austral summer, the entrance to the South Australian gulfs exhibits sea surface temperature (SST) fronts of between 3 and 3.5°C that are clearly discernible on NOAA/AVHRR imagery. The surface fronts are formed by seasonal juxtaposition of relatively warm gulf and cooler bight water. Field surveys indicate that the SST fronts coexist with and overlay strong benthic temperature and salinity differentials of 74°C and 1.2-1.5, respectively. Density variation in the entrance to both gulfs exhibits a density minimum at all depths and suggests bottom convergence of density currents that effectively isolates gulf from shelf waters during the summer. Analysis of field temperature-salinity data, using the 1-atmosphere equation of state, indicates that the density minimum is formed by mutual compensation of the salinity and temperature dependent terms. The effect of the combined salinitytemperature dependent terms is less but not insignificant. The value of satellite SST imagery as a tool to signal periods of reduced communication between the gulfs and the shelf is revealed.

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12

Golshani, Abozar. "Persian Gulf Desirable Security System." International Academic Journal of Humanities 05, no. 01 (June 1, 2018): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajh/v5i1/1810020.

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13

Kaye, Alan S., and Clive Holes. "Gulf Arabic." Modern Language Journal 74, no. 4 (1990): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328533.

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14

Pellew, Robin. "Gulf Requiem." Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 1, no. 4 (July 1991): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997703.

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15

Tetreault, Mary Ann. "Gulf Winds." Current History 95, no. 597 (January 1, 1996): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1996.95.597.23.

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16

Pinter, Harold. "Gulf Storm." Index on Censorship 41, no. 3 (September 2012): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306422012457127.

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17

Parsons, Anthony. "Gulf withdrawal." Contemporary Record 2, no. 2 (June 1988): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619468808580973.

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18

Ackland, Len. "Credibility gulf." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 43, no. 6 (July 1987): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1987.11459544.

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19

Ackland, Len. "Gulf macho." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 47, no. 1 (January 1991): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1991.11459925.

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20

Ostriker, Alicia, and Susan Schweik. "Gulf Wars." Women's Review of Books 10, no. 4 (January 1993): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4021432.

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21

Vincenti, G. E. P., and J. D. Mumford. "Gulf casualties." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 3 (March 1991): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.3.165.

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22

Beale, P. "Gulf illness." BMJ 308, no. 6943 (June 11, 1994): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6943.1574c.

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23

Smith, Don C. "Gulf wind." Refocus 7, no. 1 (January 2006): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-0846(06)70515-7.

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24

Brodeur, Brian. "The Gulf." Missouri Review 33, no. 4 (December 2010): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.2010.a412255.

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25

Zubaid, Mohammad, Wafa A. Rashed, Alawi A. Alsheikh-Ali, Wael AlMahmeed, Abdullah Shehab, Kadhim Sulaiman, Ibrahim Al-Zakwani, Ahmed AlQudaimi, Nidal Asaad, and Haitham Amin. "Gulf Survey of Atrial Fibrillation Events (Gulf SAFE)." Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 4, no. 4 (July 2011): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circoutcomes.110.959700.

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26

Cartwright, Keith, and Ruth Salvaggio. "Introduction: Gulf Souths, Gulf Streams, and their Dispersions." Southern Literary Journal 46, no. 2 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/slj.2014.0005.

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27

KARAGEORGIS, A. P., CH ANAGNOSTOU, A. SIOULAS, G. ELEFTHERIADIS, and A. TSIRAMBIDES. "Distribution of surficial sediments in the Southern Evoikos and Petalioi Gulfs, Greece." Mediterranean Marine Science 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2000): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.282.

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A series of 123 surficial sediment samples from the Southern Evoikos and Petalioi Gulfs was studied for grain-size properties, carbonate content and mineralogical composition. Distribution of the sediments revealed two sedimentary provinces. The first concerns the Southern Evoikos Gulf, characterised by silty sediments with relatively low carbonate content. Quartz, feldspars, micas, clay and carbonate minerals are the major mineralogical components of the sediments. These sediments are the result of the Asopos River supply during Holocene and they contribute to the formation of smooth bottom morphology. The second province concerns the Petalioi Gulf (Northern and Southern), where the surficial sediments are mainly sandy and characterised by very high carbonate content. Their mineralogical composition reflects the lithology of the drainage basin. Since the modern terrigenous solid supply is limited, these sediments are not considered as products of recent sedimentation, but older deposits (relict sands). Their presence at such depths is justified by sea-level fluctuations and their preservation is due to the low sedimentation rate in the Petalioi Gulf, in combination with the strong hydrodynamic status of the area.

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28

El Sayed, Sahar, Reem Al-Hababi, and Md Mizanur Rahman. "Gulf Studies: The Imperatives of Area Studies in the Gulf Region." Social Sciences 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2023): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12050261.

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Area Studies is in crisis, but research on Area Studies also demonstrates the relevance of and need for Area Studies through case studies in different world regions. However, there is a dearth of research on the imperatives of Gulf Area Studies in the Gulf region, which provides the rationale for this study. This study examines the imperatives of Gulf studies by addressing a wide range of questions: Why is Area Studies still relevant? What are the challenges and prospects for Area Studies in general and Gulf studies in particular? What makes a region a region and, therefore, an area of interest and research? Why is it necessary to produce Gulf-specific knowledge? What are the ways forward for Gulf studies? This paper addresses these questions within three broad themes: debates in Area Studies, the Gulf as a region, and Gulf studies within the Gulf region. Drawing on the existing scholarship, we argue that producing area-specific knowledge in the Gulf is not a luxury, but rather a necessity, despite its challenges. Decentering Gulf studies away from the Western academic umbrella to the Gulf region is a crucial move with far-reaching implications for the field of Gulf studies. However, the discipline of Gulf studies must evolve, and fundamentally reposition itself in order to keep pace with rapidly transforming Gulf society in the years to come.

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29

Pipitone, Carlo, Davide Agnetta, Arturo Zenone, Vincenzo Maximiliano Giacalone, Fabio Badalamenti, Fabio Fiorentino, Paola Rinelli, Mauro Sinopoli, Tomás Vega Vega Fernández, and Giovanni D’Anna. "When the Trawl Ban Is a Good Option: Opportunities to Restore Fish Biomass and Size Structure in a Mediterranean Fisheries Restricted Area." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 29, 2023): 2425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032425.

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This paper reports the results of a 15-year trawl ban imposed in 1990 in the Gulf of Castellammare (GCAST: NW Sicily, central Mediterranean Sea) and its effects on the biomass and size structure of demersal finfish and shellfish and on the proportion of different commercial categories of fish. Data were collected by experimental trawl surveys conducted in the GCAST and in two trawled areas before and after 1990. The biomass of the total assemblage and of a number of selected species was significantly higher in the GCAST after the ban. Highly commercial species had the largest increase in the same gulf after the ban, particularly at the depths used by artisanal fishermen. The results from size-based indicators were not as clear-cut as those from biomass though. Although the length frequency distributions obtained in the GCAST were significantly different from the other gulfs, in several cases, the values of the size indicators were higher in the trawled gulfs. Our results suggest that, at the temporal and spatial scale adopted, trawl bans may drive full biomass recovery but only partial size structure recovery of the fish populations subject to trawl exclusion, at least in the Mediterranean. The trawl ban in the Gulf of Castellammare provides an example of an effective ecosystem-based fisheries management tool that offers the potential for fish stock rebuilding and for the economic sustainability of artisanal, small-scale fisheries.

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30

Kudrenko, S. A. "Amphipod (Crustacea, Amphipoda) Communities in the North-Western Part of the Black Sea." Vestnik Zoologii 50, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2016-0045.

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Abstract The data about the community composition, number and biomass of amphipods in three gulfs of the North-Western Black Sea are presented. The amphipod communities of the gulfs of Yahorlyk, Karkinit, and Tendra were studied and the species composition was compared with the previously published data. For each particular gulf, the list of amphipod species was composed. The quantitative parameters of the amphipod communities in the studied localities in different years were described.

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Vyas, Suhas J., and A. J. Joshi. "Determination and Discrimination in Characteristics of Coastal Habitats in some Parts of ‘Bhal’ Region." International Letters of Natural Sciences 24 (August 2014): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.24.41.

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Gujarat has a coast line of approximately 1700 Km, varying in different habitat conditions. The state has two gulfs viz., gulf of Khambhat and gulf of Kachchh. Edaphic conditions of different habitats in ‘Bhal’ region of Gujarat state which falls in two districts viz. Ahmedabad and Bhavnagar district of Gujarat state. The coastal vegetation depends on the edaphic conditions of the region. The coastal flora of the ‘Bhal’ region belonging to Bhavnagar district has species like Suaeda nudiflora, Prosopis chilensis, Dichanthium annulatum, etc. The ‘Bhal’ region has marshy, wetland and semi-arid habitat. The present study investigates different physico-chemical parameters like Electrical Conductivity, pH and Sodium Adsorption Ratio, as well as mineral ion Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnessium and Chloride concentration in the soil of ‘Bhal’ region.

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32

Vyas, Suhas J., and A. J. Joshi. "Determination and Discrimination in Characteristics of Coastal Habitats in some Parts of ‘Bhal’ Region." International Letters of Natural Sciences 24 (August 27, 2014): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-5795q7.

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Gujarat has a coast line of approximately 1700 Km, varying in different habitat conditions. The state has two gulfs viz., gulf of Khambhat and gulf of Kachchh. Edaphic conditions of different habitats in ‘Bhal’ region of Gujarat state which falls in two districts viz. Ahmedabad and Bhavnagar district of Gujarat state. The coastal vegetation depends on the edaphic conditions of the region. The coastal flora of the ‘Bhal’ region belonging to Bhavnagar district has species like Suaeda nudiflora, Prosopis chilensis, Dichanthium annulatum, etc. The ‘Bhal’ region has marshy, wetland and semi-arid habitat. The present study investigates different physico-chemical parameters like Electrical Conductivity, pH and Sodium Adsorption Ratio, as well as mineral ion Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnessium and Chloride concentration in the soil of ‘Bhal’ region.

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33

Fourniotis, Nikolaos Th. "Effect of Internal Waves on the Hydrodynamics of a Mediterranean Sea Strait." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 4 (March 23, 2024): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12040532.

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In the present work, the effects of wind- and tide-induced internal waves in the Rio-Antirio Strait in western Greece were studied by using three-dimensional numerical simulations. For the wind-induced flow in the strait, it emerged that the internal waves’ initiation is associated with the direction of the wind. Tidal action, with or without the combined action of wind, also generates internal waves in the strait, with amplitudes higher than 20 m. The action of the internal waves causes a subsurface inflow of colder waters from the Gulf of Corinth to the Gulf of Patras, as has been also simulated for the case of the wind-induced flow, generating strong hypolimnetic currents. The exchange flowrate between the Gulf of Patras and the Gulf of Corinth appeared to undergo significant modification for the wind-induced flow and had little effect for the pure tidal flow (in windless conditions) due to the development and action of the internal waves at the strait. The combined action of the tide and the wind was found to marginally affect the exchange flowrate between the two gulfs compared to the pure tidal flow. The interaction between the Coriolis effect and internal waves, at least away from the strait, forms a characteristic horizontal structure of flow. The structure of turbulence in the near strait area under the action of internal waves generated by the wind and/or tide was also discussed and compared with the corresponding barotropic flow.

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34

Ansa, Benjamin E., Kimberly Sullivan, Maxine H. Krengel, Vahé Heboyan, Candy Wilson, Stacey Iobst, and Steven S. Coughlin. "The Gulf War Women’s Health Cohort: Study Design and Protocol." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072423.

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Military service and deployment affect women differently than men, underscoring the need for studies of the health of women veterans and their receipt of health care services. Despite the large numbers of women who served during the 1990–1991 Gulf War, few studies have evaluated Gulf War illness (GWI) and other medical conditions specifically as they affect women veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. The objectives of the Gulf War Women’s Health Cohort study are: (1) to establish the Gulf War women’s cohort (GWWC), a large sample of women veterans who served in the 1990–1991 Gulf War and a comparison group of women who served in other locations during that period; and (2) to provide current, comprehensive data on the health status of women who served during the 1990–1991 Gulf War, and identify any specific conditions that affect Gulf War women veterans at excess rates. The study will utilize both existing datasets and newly collected data to examine the prevalence and patterns of Gulf War Illness symptoms, diagnosed medical conditions, reproductive health, birth outcomes and other health issues among women who served during the Gulf War. The Gulf War Women’s Health Cohort study will address the need for information about the comprehensive health of women veterans who were deployed to the Gulf War, and other wars during the Gulf War era.

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Rappole, John H., and Mario A. Ramos. "Factors affecting migratory bird routes over the Gulf of Mexico." Bird Conservation International 4, no. 2-3 (September 1994): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927090000280x.

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SummaryOver half of the 332 migratory bird species that breed in North America and winter in the tropics are affected by the obstacle to migratory flight presented by the Gulf of Mexico. Landbird migration in the vicinity of the Gulf is considered from an historical perspective, and in light of netting and observational data from the western Gulf coast. A trans-Gulf crossing from the northern Gulf coast to, or over, Yucatan is the most commonly followed fall route for eastern Nearctic migrants that winter in Central America. The spring route for these species is different, involving a more westerly trans–Gulf course for some individuals, and a circum–Gulf route for others. Prevailing wind direction and the probability of meeting turbulence over the Gulf are suggested as the main selective factors affecting route form for Gulf–area migrants.

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Driss, Hager Ben. "Women Narrating the Gulf: A Gulf of Their Own." Journal of Arabic Literature 36, no. 2 (August 1, 2005): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570064054909145.

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Schwab, L. "Cancer Care Workers Fill Gulf Left by Gulf War." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 83, no. 13 (July 3, 1991): 910–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.13.910.

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Haritonova, Diāna. "SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS AT THE LATVIAN COASTAL HYDROLOGIC STATIONS." Geodesy and cartography 42, no. 2 (June 22, 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2016.1198564.

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The objective of this paper is to analyse water level variations of the Baltic Sea on the Latvian coast. This is important because the Baltic Sea exhibits a number of remarkable phenomena. One of them is the sea level variations due to winds, complicated by the shape of the gulfs and islands. Under this influence the range of the sea level variations can reach 3 m on the coasts of gulfs. However, the tidal variations of the Baltic Sea range in the order of centimetres only. In the frame of this study, using hourly time series of the sea level records from 7 Latvian coastal hydrologic stations and employing spectral analysis, it has become feasible to identify diurnal and semi-diurnal tide existence both in the Gulf of Riga and in the Baltic Sea at the Latvian coast. Totally 4 main tidal constituents (O1, K1, M2, S2) have been identified. Additionally, nontidal frequency of 5 cycles per day has been detected in the sea level time series of the stations located in the Gulf of Riga.

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Vázquez, N., C. Ituarte, and F. Cremonte. "A histopathological study of the geoduck clam Panopea abbreviata from San José Gulf, North Patagonia, Argentina." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 6 (March 23, 2015): 1173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415000144.

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This is the first study performed to determine the health status of the geoduck Panopea abbreviata in the San José and San Matías Gulfs (North Patagonia, Argentina). The study was based on 120 geoducks collected (30 specimens in each season) at Fracasso Beach (42°25′S 64°07′W) (San José Gulf) and 30 specimens collected during the austral summer at Puerto Lobos (42°00′S 65°05′W) (San Matías Gulf). The parasites found (prevalence in parentheses) were: prokaryotic inclusions (32.2%) were recorded in the epithelium of the digestive gland and gill filaments; ciliates (79%) mainly found in gills; Porospora-like gregarines (15.2%) in the connective tissue between inner and outer mantle epitheliums; the turbellarian Paravortex panopea (27.1%) in the intestine lumen; the nemertean Malacobdella arrokeana (98.3%) in the pallial cavity; and the green alga Coccomyxa parasitica (51%) parasitizing the haemocytes in the connective tissue of the distal end of the siphon. The highest mean parasitic abundance value was found in the late austral spring (November), coinciding with the lowest values of the condition index of the host. The populations of P. abbreviata from San José Gulf seemed to be devoid of severe pathogens.

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Nkiliza, Aurore, Utsav Joshi, James E. Evans, Ghania Ait-Ghezala, Megan Parks, Fiona Crawford, Michael Mullan, and Laila Abdullah. "Adaptive Immune Responses Associated with the Central Nervous System Pathology of Gulf War Illness." Neuroscience Insights 16 (January 2021): 263310552110184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26331055211018458.

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Gulf War Illness is a multisymptomatic condition which affects 30% of veterans from the 1991 Gulf War. While there is evidence for a role of peripheral cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses in Gulf War Illness, a potential role of the adaptive immune system in the central nervous system pathology of this condition remains unknown. Furthermore, many of the clinical features of Gulf War Illness resembles those of autoimmune diseases, but the biological processes are likely different as the etiology of Gulf War Illness is linked to hazardous chemical exposures specific to the Gulf War theatre. This review discusses Gulf War chemical–induced maladaptive immune responses and a potential role of cellular and humoral immune responses that may be relevant to the central nervous system symptoms and pathology of Gulf War Illness. The discussion may stimulate investigations into adaptive immunity for developing novel therapies for Gulf War Illness.

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AMINI-YEKTA, FATEMEH, and HENK DEKKER. "An updated checklist of marine gastropods of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman." Zootaxa 4957, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 1–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4957.1.1.

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Here we review and evaluate the marine gastropods of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman based on published accounts. A total of 850 species belonging to 129 families have records in the Persian Gulf (585) and Gulf of Oman (648), of which 383 species occurred in both regions. We updated the taxonomy and deleted records with dubious identifications. The resultant checklist documents the currently known diversity of marine gastropods from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman and provides a foundation for future studies of the biodiversity of these areas.

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Morvan, Mathieu, Xavier Carton, Stéphanie Corréard, and Rémy Baraille. "Submesoscale Dynamics in the Gulf of Aden and the Gulf of Oman." Fluids 5, no. 3 (August 28, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5030146.

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We have investigated the surface and subsurface submesoscale dynamics in the Gulf of Aden and the Gulf of Oman. Our results are based on the analyses of regional numerical simulations performed with a primitive equation model (HYCOM) at submesoscale permitting horizontal resolution. A model zoom for each gulf was embedded in a regional mesoscale-resolving simulation. In the Gulf of Aden and the Gulf of Oman, the interactions of mesoscale structures and fronts instabilities form submesoscale eddies and filaments. Rotational energy spectra show that the Gulf of Aden has a higher ratio of submesoscale to mesocale energy than the Gulf of Oman. Fast waves (internal gravity waves, tidal waves, Kelvin waves) and slow waves (Rossby waves) were characterized via energy spectra of the divergent velocity. Local upwelling systems which shed cold filaments, coastal current instabilities at the surface, and baroclinic instability at capes in subsurface were identified as generators of submesocale structures. In particular, the Ras al Hamra and Ras al Hadd capes in the Gulf of Oman, and the Cape of Berbera in the Gulf of Aden, are loci of submesoscale eddy generation. To determine the instability mechanisms involved in these generations, we diagnosed the Ertel potential vorticity and the energy conversion terms: the horizontal and vertical Reynolds stresses and the vertical buoyancy flux. Finally, the impacts of the subsurface submesoscale eddy production at capes on the diffusion and fate of the Red Sea Water (in the Gulf of Aden) and the Persian Gulf Water (in the Gulf of Oman) are highlighted.

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Ikin, Jillian F., Malcolm R. Sim, Mark C. Creamer, Andrew B. Forbes, Dean P. McKenzie, Helen L. Kelsall, Deborah C. Glass, et al. "War-related psychological stressors and risk of psychological disorders in Australian veterans of the 1991 Gulf War." British Journal of Psychiatry 185, no. 2 (August 2004): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.2.116.

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BackgroundQuestions remain about the long-term health impacts of the 1991 Gulf War on its veterans.AimsTo measure psychological disorders in Australian Gulf War veterans and a military comparison group and to explore any association with exposure to Gulf War-related psychological stressors.MethodPrevalences of DSM–IV psychological disorders were measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Gulf War-related psychological stressors were measured using a service experience questionnaire.ResultsA total of 31% of male Gulf War veterans and 21% of the comparison group met criteria for a DSM–IVdisorder first present in the post-Gulf War period. The veterans were at greater risk of developing post-Gulf War anxiety disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder, affective disorders and substance use disorders. The prevalence of such disorders remained elevated a decade after deployment. The findings can be explained partly as a ‘war-deployment effect‘. There was a strong dose–response relationship between psychological disorders and number of reported Gulf War-related psychological stressors.ConclusionsService in the 1991 Gulf War is associated with increased risk of psychological disorders and these are related to stressful experiences.

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KOPAČ, MATEJA, JELENA JUVAN, and MAJA GARB. "SINDROM ZALIVSKE VOJNE." ZAUPANJE IN OBOROŽENE SILE/ TRUST AND ARMED FORCES, VOLUME 2013/ ISSUE 15/2 (June 30, 2013): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.15.2.7.

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Zdravstvene težave, ki se pojavljajo pri veteranih različnih vojn, pogosto poljudno poimenujemo kar vojni sindromi. Najbolj znan je tako imenovani vietnamski sindrom, za katerega so predvsem značilni znaki posttravmatske stresne motnje. Vsaka vojna na udeležencih ne pusti povsem enakih prevladujočih posledic. Za veterane zalivske vojne leta 1990 in 1991 v Iraku in Kuvajtu so značilni različni znaki in simptomi, kot so utrujenost, vročina, mišični revmatizem, slabost, kratko- trajnost spomina, zmedenost, kožni izpuščaji, driska, kronični bronhitis, depresija in drugi. Množico različnih simptomov, ki so se začeli postopno pojavljati pri vojakih po koncu služenja v Perzijskem zalivu, imenujemo sindrom zalivske vojne. Med njegove možne vzroke prištevamo kemično orožje, ostanke streliva z osiromaše- nim uranom, stranske učinke cepljenja vojakov proti antraksu in nalezljive bolezni (paraziti). Health problems identified with the veterans of various wars are often referred to as war syndromes. Vietnam syndrome is probably the most famous one. It is mainly characterized by the signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the prevailed consequences of wars are not always equal. Veterans of the 1990 and 1991 Gulf War in Iraq and Kuwait suffer from the signs and symptoms such as fatigue, fever, muscular rheumatism, nausea, weak memory, confusion, rashes, diarrhoea, chronic bronchitis, depression, and others. The set of symptoms which gradually emerged with the veterans after the Gulf War is called the Gulf War Syndrome. Possible causes for its emergence include chemical weapons, remains of depleted-uranium ammunition, side effects of anthrax vaccines and contagious diseases (parasites).

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Sawan, Michel Fahim. "First Record of the White-Eyed Gull Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus in Lebanon 2020." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 5, S1 (2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000s1-003.

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The White-eyed Gull Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus is a medium-sized gull, similar in appearance, on some counts, to the Sooty Gull I. hemprichii, with which it is known to associate near fishing harbours). The known range of this bird is restricted to the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aden. On the 31st of December 2020, Michel Sawan saw an individual in Al Mina, Tripoli District, north Lebanon, flying over the Abed Al Wahad Island. After the confirmation of the identity of the species by Bassel Abi Jumaa and Dr Ghassan Ramadan Jaradi, it was confirmed to be a first record to Lebanon.

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Lei, Karen, Valerie Metzger-Smith, Shahrokh Golshan, Jennifer Javors, and Albert Leung. "The prevalence of headaches, pain, and other associated symptoms in different Persian Gulf deployment periods and deployment durations." SAGE Open Medicine 7 (January 2019): 205031211987141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312119871418.

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Objectives: This study aims to assess (1) the difference in the prevalence of headaches, pain, and other associated symptoms between Gulf War I (1990–1991) and Post-Gulf War I (1992–2015) veterans who served as active military personnel in the Persian Gulf and (2) how the durations of deployment may affect the prevalence of those symptoms. Methods: With institutional human subject committee approval, veterans who were accepted to the Gulf War Registry at the VA San Diego Healthcare System between July 2013 and June 2015 ( N = 367) were included in this retrospective chart review study and grouped according to the Gulf War period they served under or how long they were deployed to the Persian Gulf. Chi-square was used for categorical data analyses and analysis of variance was conducted for continuous outcomes. All analyses were two-tailed, where applicable, with α = 0.05 and Bonferroni for pairwise group comparisons. Results: Veterans who served during Post-Gulf War I or both Gulf War I and Post-Gulf War I exhibited more pain and neurological symptoms than Gulf War I veterans ( p = 0.005, p = 0.003). In addition, veterans who served ⩾12 months reported more overall pain symptoms and analgesic use than those who served less time ( p < 0.001, p = 0.024). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the length of deployment and Persian Gulf deployment period may play a role in acquiring headaches, pain, and other associated symptoms with increased analgesic consumption.

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Conti, Daniela de, Mirian de Farias Ribeiro, Maria do Carmo Bassols Raseira, José Antônio Peters, and Valmor João Bianchi. "Caracterização anatômico-fisiológica da compatibilidade reprodutiva de ameixeira-japonesa." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 35, no. 3 (September 2013): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452013000300005.

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O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar fisiologicamente a compatibilidade reprodutiva de sete cultivares de ameixeira-japonesa (Prunus salicina Lindl) por meio de hibridações, análise de frutificação efetiva e do crescimento de tubos polínicos (CTP). O frui set foi determinado 40 dias após as hibridações controladas, realizadas a campo. O grau de compatibilidade foi avaliado invivo, para determinar o CTP. A cv. América apresentou bom fruit set quando polinizada com as cvs. Rosa Mineira (26,7%), Amarelinha (8,7%) e Reubennel (12,7%). Os cruzamentos 'Gulf Blaze' x 'Gulf Rubi', 'Gulf Rubi' x 'Gulf Rubi' e 'Gulf Rubi' x 'Gulf Blaze' obtiveram um fruit set de 11,36%, 3,84% e 9,94%, respectivamente. Na polinização em laboratório, os tubos polínicos atingiram o óvulo ou ovário nesses cruzamentos, com exceção da autopolinização da 'Gulf Rubi'. No campo, não houve frutificação efetiva na autopolinização da 'América' e 'Gulf Blaze' e no cruzamento da 'América' x 'Pluma 7'. Os tubos polínicos nesses cruzamentos não chegaram a atingir o óvulo, com exceção da autopolinização da 'Gulf Blaze'. Concluiu-se que apenas os cruzamentos entre 'América' x 'Pluma 7' são incompatíveis, e a cultivar América é autoincompatível.

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GOTO, Ken. "Arabian Gulf Archaeology." Bulletin of the Society for Near Eastern Studies in Japan 29, no. 2 (1986): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5356/jorient.29.2_125.

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Nolan, Peter. "Medical education gulf." Medical Journal of Australia 142, no. 2 (January 1985): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb133072.x.

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50

Haworth, Alan. "An Atlantic gulf." Philosophers' Magazine, no. 33 (2006): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm200633123.

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