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Journal articles on the topic 'Gulf state'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Rathore, Altaf Hussain, and Kashif Rathore. "STATE OF HEALTH." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 05 (December 13, 2018): 925–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.05.2496.

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The plight of surgical diseases in Pakistani workers in the gulf countries ishighlighted. Objective: To highlight the health problems of Pakistani workers in GS. It is doneby taking the information from the expatriates returning from the gulf states who present to usin the foundation hospital, Rajana, district Toba Tek Singh (TTS), for the treatment of varioussurgical illnesses. It is concluded that Pakistanis working in the gulf countries are not satisfiedby the treatment received in those states. Only one out of 50 patients was satisfied with thetreatment he got for his disease.

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2

Donnelly, John. "Comments: State of the Gulf." Journal of Petroleum Technology 63, no. 06 (June 1, 2011): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0611-0016-jpt.

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3

Vyas, Suhas J., and A. J. Joshi. "Determination and Discrimination in Characteristics of Coastal Habitats in some Parts of ‘Bhal’ Region." International Letters of Natural Sciences 24 (August 2014): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.24.41.

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Gujarat has a coast line of approximately 1700 Km, varying in different habitat conditions. The state has two gulfs viz., gulf of Khambhat and gulf of Kachchh. Edaphic conditions of different habitats in ‘Bhal’ region of Gujarat state which falls in two districts viz. Ahmedabad and Bhavnagar district of Gujarat state. The coastal vegetation depends on the edaphic conditions of the region. The coastal flora of the ‘Bhal’ region belonging to Bhavnagar district has species like Suaeda nudiflora, Prosopis chilensis, Dichanthium annulatum, etc. The ‘Bhal’ region has marshy, wetland and semi-arid habitat. The present study investigates different physico-chemical parameters like Electrical Conductivity, pH and Sodium Adsorption Ratio, as well as mineral ion Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnessium and Chloride concentration in the soil of ‘Bhal’ region.

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4

Twinam, Joseph Wright. "The Gulf Cooperation Council Since the Gulf War: The State of the States." Middle East Policy 1, no. 4 (November 1992): 96–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4967.1992.tb00049.x.

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5

Nunn, Jeffrey A. "State of stress in the northern Gulf Coast." Geology 13, no. 6 (1985): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<429:sositn>2.0.co;2.

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6

Shehab, Elmekdad. "On the Limits of Rentier State Theory: An epistemological Insight." Asian Social Science 17, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n8p30.

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For decades, The rentier state theory has provided the most popular explanations for the sociopolitical dynamics in the Arab Gulf states, however, due to the rapid transformations in the Gulf societies in recent years, the theory went under severe critiques especially after its failure to predict the emergence of a new Gulf social contract after the oil crisis of 2014. This essay has tried to shed the light on one of the missing dimensions of these critiques by arguing that this failure might have occurred because the rentier state theory adhered to an obsolete epistemological paradigm of modernity that was incapable of dealing with such a complex social phenomenon from the beginning. Also, seeking epistemic healing, the essay highlighted the most recent shift in the philosophy of science toward a complexity paradigm and referred to its potentials to exceed the limits of the rentier paradigm.

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7

Petrusevics, PM. "SST fronts in inverse estuaries, South Australia-indicators of reduced gulf-shlef exchange." Marine and Freshwater Research 44, no. 2 (1993): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9930305.

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During the austral summer, the entrance to the South Australian gulfs exhibits sea surface temperature (SST) fronts of between 3 and 3.5°C that are clearly discernible on NOAA/AVHRR imagery. The surface fronts are formed by seasonal juxtaposition of relatively warm gulf and cooler bight water. Field surveys indicate that the SST fronts coexist with and overlay strong benthic temperature and salinity differentials of 74°C and 1.2-1.5, respectively. Density variation in the entrance to both gulfs exhibits a density minimum at all depths and suggests bottom convergence of density currents that effectively isolates gulf from shelf waters during the summer. Analysis of field temperature-salinity data, using the 1-atmosphere equation of state, indicates that the density minimum is formed by mutual compensation of the salinity and temperature dependent terms. The effect of the combined salinitytemperature dependent terms is less but not insignificant. The value of satellite SST imagery as a tool to signal periods of reduced communication between the gulfs and the shelf is revealed.

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8

Fesenmaier, Daniel R., Lonnie Jones, Seoho Um, and Teofilo Ozuna. "Assessing the Economic Impact of Outdoor Recreation Travel to the Texas Gulf Coast." Journal of Travel Research 28, no. 1 (July 1989): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728758902800104.

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The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic impacts of outdoor recreation activity (specifically, sport fishing, hunting, picnicking, swimming, camping, pleasure boating and sightseeing) on the economies of the Texas Gulf Coast region and the state of Texas in the form of output, employment, income, and state and local tax revenues. The statewide Texas Gulf Coast economic impacts were estimated using the statewide expenditure data for the entire Texas Gulf Coast collected for this study and the 1986 Texas Input-Output Model developed for this study. The results of this analysis indicated that the total output impact during 1986 amounted to $1.19 billion for the Texas Gulf Coast and $1.91 billion for the state. The results also show that 59% of these impacts resulted from fishing-related travel to this area.

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9

Lechini, Gladys, and Noemí S. Rabbia. "Argentina-GCC relations. The role of state and non-state actors (2003-2015)." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 5, no. 3 (January 5, 2017): 491–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2016.v5n3.03.p491.

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The long-established relationships between Argentina and the Arab world are the result of the significant presence of Arab communities and actors in Latin America, due to several migratory waves along history. However, bilateral relations with the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have only deepened much more recently. Initiatives to widen relations such as the Summits of the South American-Arab Countries (ASPA, from its acronym in Spanish) and MERCOSUR-GCC have worked not only as a framework but also as a platform to diversify those relations in terms of the actors and initiatives involved. Since its beginning, the relationship between Argentina and the GCC states has had continuity in terms of trade exchanges and public diplomacy, even during periods defined by the absence of public policies towards the GCC countries. In this context, initiatives of a different nature conducted by socio-cultural or religious non-state actors have filled the gap, in a process of multiple exchanges, have added value to the relation and have gone further than the economic realm and formalities of public diplomacy, especially in the period 2003-2015. Key words: Gulf Cooperation Council, Argentina, bilateral relations, non-state actors.

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10

Mohamedi, Fareed. "Political Economy: State and Bourgeoisie in the Persian Gulf." Middle East Report, no. 179 (November 1992): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3013214.

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11

Hertog, Steffen. "SHAPING THE SAUDI STATE: HUMAN AGENCY'S SHIFTING ROLE IN RENTIER-STATE FORMATION." International Journal of Middle East Studies 39, no. 4 (October 30, 2007): 539–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807071073.

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There are two established ways of recounting the emergence of the modern Gulf oil monarchies. The social scientific explanation describes anonymous structural forces, the “resource curse” of the “rentier state,” and how these have shaped politics and markets with their inexorable logic. The other narrative, of the popular history variety, offers romantic, personalized accounts of desert shaykhs, their whims, and the sudden riches of their families (complemented, in some less benevolent accounts, by tales of monumental corruption).

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12

Markakis, Dionysis. "The State and Innovation in the Persian Gulf: An Introduction." Muslim World 105, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/muwo.12076.

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13

Gignilliat, William R. "The Gulf Oil Spill: OPA, State Law, and Maritime Preemption." Vermont Journal of Environmental Law 13, no. 2 (2011): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/vermjenvilaw.13.2.385.

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14

Kenichi, Ito. "The Japanese State of Mind: Deliberations on the Gulf Crisis." Journal of Japanese Studies 17, no. 2 (1991): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/132743.

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15

Novelli, Valerio M., Faleh El-Baba, Roland G. Lewis, and Peter S. Bissell. "HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE b DISEASE IN AN ARAB GULF STATE." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 8, no. 12 (December 1989): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198912000-00013.

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16

Tyson, Rae. ""Dead zone" in Gulf of Mexico draws federal–state attention." Environmental Science & Technology 31, no. 10 (October 1997): 454A—455A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es972506w.

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17

Fraihat, Ibrahim. "Superpower and Small-State Mediation in the Qatar Gulf Crisis." International Spectator 55, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2020.1741268.

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18

Izhitskiy, A. S., and P. O. Zavialov. "Hydrophysical state of the Gulf of Feodosia in May 2015." Oceanology 57, no. 4 (July 2017): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0001437017040105.

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19

Sim, Li-Chen. "Low-carbon energy in the Gulf: Upending the rentier state?" Energy Research & Social Science 70 (December 2020): 101752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101752.

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20

Kéchichian, Joseph A. "Can Conservative Arab Gulf Monarchies Endure a Fourth War in the Persian Gulf?" Middle East Journal 61, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 283–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/61.2.15.

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The existing regional balance of power in the Persian Gulf is likely to shift after Iran becomes a nuclear state. Conservative Arab Gulf monarchies, which emerged relatively unscathed from previous tectonic changes, are poised to mimic the Iranian program with far-reaching consequences for all concerned. Although major powers may well tolerate a nuclearized Iran, its neighbors face daunting security challenges to protect and promote preferred regional interests, including tested alliances with key Western governments. Saudi Arabia and its smaller Arab Gulf partners will need to exercise savvy policies to prevent a fourth regional war before the first decade of the 21st century is out. They may even have to address intrinsic political and socioeconomic reforms to preserve existing privileges.

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21

Svoma, Bohumil M. "The Influence of Monsoonal Gulf Surges on Precipitation and Diurnal Precipitation Patterns in Central Arizona." Weather and Forecasting 25, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009waf2222299.1.

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Abstract North American gulf-surge events, northward low-level influxes of cool and moist air from the Gulf of California, were statistically related to monsoonal precipitation and the associated diurnal cycle for the state of Arizona. Using Dixon’s Assessing Low-Level Atmospheric Moisture using Soundings (ALARMS) method as an indicator for gulf surges, a sequence of surge events was identified for the months of July and August for the period from 1957 to 2008. A network of Arizona precipitation gauges was stratified by the surge events occurring over this period. The findings indicate that gulf surges accounted for a significant majority of rainfall events in Arizona. This signal was most apparent in the drier central and southwestern deserts (including the Phoenix metropolitan area) and least apparent in the wetter eastern and southeastern portions of the state. Diurnal patterns in rainfall were identified for the Phoenix metropolitan area and its surroundings. A strong diurnal cycle was apparent in precipitation associated with both surge and nonsurge periods over the Phoenix area, with a greater tendency toward nocturnal precipitation during gulf-surge events. These findings suggest that dissipating afternoon thunderstorms east and northeast of the Phoenix area act as catalysts for the nocturnal storm development that is prevalent in this area.

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22

Khan, Khaled M. "State of Sharing Clinical Information in a Healthcare System in the Gulf." International Journal of Reliable and Quality E-Healthcare 1, no. 3 (July 2012): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrqeh.2012070104.

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The main objectives of this paper are to study the extent of automation and the state of sharing of clinical data in out-patient services of a healthcare sector in the Gulf. Based on the findings, it proposes a framework to improve the current automation process further. The paper focuses mainly on how the patients’ clinical data in the local primary health centers (PHCs) and the main hospitals in a Gulf country are stored electronically, and how the clinical data are shared among all major stakeholders. It is anticipated that the proposed framework will significantly reduce the duplication of data and services as well as reduce the use of paper files significantly. The healthcare decision makers will be able to access the relevant data in order to provide best practices and decision supports. It also promotes data sharing among all stakeholders, hence improve healthcare services.

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23

Zhidkova, Alena, Vladimir Podberesnij, and Rimma Zarubina. "The ecological assessment of the eutrophic biogenic load of the water body." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019302012.

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The work provides a comprehensive environmental assessment of the eutrophic biogenic load on a water body using the example of the Gulf of Taganrog of the Sea of Azov. This study is carried out with the aim of a deeper understanding of the ecological state of the waters of the Gulf of Taganrog, the processes of its eutrophication. The assessment of the biogenic load on the water area is carried out. The conducted researches showed that the eutrophication of the Gulf of Taganrog northeastern part depends on the salinity, water temperature, ammonium, and nitrate and phosphate concentrations. The level of the internal and external loads of phosphorus in the waters of the Gulf of Taganrog is approximately equal.

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24

Tsvetkova, Ludmila. "Saint Petersburg Flood Protection Dam as Tool to Solve the Environmental Tasks." Key Engineering Materials 828 (December 2019): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.828.202.

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The paper grounds the necessity to conduct the large-scale field experiment on manoeuvring with the floodgates of Saint Petersburg Flood Protection Complex (FPC). The paper presents the results of I-stage experiment and the program of II-stage experiment. The aim of the experiment is the verification of the possibility to manage the hydrological, sanitary and ecological state of the Neva Bay and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic sea by means of manoeuvring with Flood Protection Complex floodgates. In order to develop the program of field experiment implementation it was necessary to assess the sanitary and ecological state of water ecosystem under present conditions. The assessment was based on monitoring data concerning the certain priority parameters obtained from the selected representative measuring points. On the basis of the analysis of water quality and the state of the Neva Bay and the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland the scheme for manoeuvring with floodgates of the FPC together with the sequence of order of their opening and closing was developed. Recommendations regarding the conditions and terms of conducting the experiment were developed.

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25

YACINE, Hachouf. "TURKEY: THE REGIONAL ROLE IN THE GULF SYSTEM." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 05 (June 1, 2021): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.5-3.34.

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Geographical environment any political system is a source strength or weakness that system, and then they represent either add or deduction from vocabulary power to the system, geographical environment different its elements of site area and topography affect directly or indirectly in formulation state its foreign policy, Consequently, it acts as one of the determinants of the strength of the state's external role. The geographical environment of the state determines the vital field for its external political movement, and determines - to a large extent - the threat directed to its security and its sources.

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26

Thai Hung, Ngo. "Stock market volatility and exchange rate movements in the Gulf Arab countries: a Markov-state switching model." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1969–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-01-2020-0004.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the dynamic linkage between stock prices and exchange rate changes for the Gulf Arab countries (Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates [UAE]). Design/methodology/approach The author uses the Markov-switching autoregression to detect regime-shift behavior in the stock returns of the Gulf Arab countries and Markov-switching vector autoregressive (MS-VAR) model to capture the dynamic interrelatedness between exchange and stock returns over the period 2000–2018. Findings This study’s analysis finds evidence to support the persistence of two distinct regimes for all markets, namely, a low-volatility regime and a high-volatility regime. The low-volatility regime illustrates more persistence than the high-volatility regime. Specifically, exchange rate changes do not have an influence on the stock market returns of the Gulf Arab countries, regardless of the regimes. On the other hand, stock market returns have a substantial impact on exchange markets for all countries, except Saudi Arabia, and it is more noticeable during the regime of high volatility. Practical implications The findings shed light on the interconnectedness between two of the most important financial markets in the complex international financial environment. They are thus of particular interest for economic policymakers and portfolio investors. Originality/value The author distinguishes this study from previous studies in several ways. First, while previous empirical studies of the dynamic linkage between stock prices and foreign exchange markets are primarily devoted to developed markets or emerging markets, this study’s interest is concentrated on four Gulf Arab financial markets (Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and UAE). Second, unlike most investigations in the literature that only estimate this link for the whole period, this study attempts to estimate during the good and bad period by using a two-regime MS-VAR model. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study of the Gulf Arab countries on the stock and foreign exchange markets to apply this model.

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27

Hertog, Steffen. "Rentier Militaries in the Gulf States: The Price of Coup-Proofing." International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, no. 3 (July 26, 2011): 400–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743811000560.

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Oil and dynastic rule have led to an idiosyncratic pattern of state formation in the Gulf, and in few parts of the state are the idiosyncrasies more pronounced than in the security sector. Oil income has allowed the ruling families of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to engineer a relatively soft, rent- and patronage-based authoritarianism characterized by multiple centers of power and huge institutional redundancies. Having constructed their police and military forces along these lines, their monarchical rule has become more resilient, but their armed forces also more hapless.

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Miroshnikov, A., M. Flint, E. Dubinina, E. Asadulin, S. Shchuka, and A. Usacheva. "Changes in the Radiation State of the Yenisey Gulf Bottom Sediments." Доклады академии наук 483, no. 6 (December 2018): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086956520003455-3.

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29

Miroshnikov, A. Yu, M. V. Flint, E. O. Dubinina, En E. Asadulin, S. A. Shchuka, and A. A. Usacheva. "Changes in the Radiation State of Bottom Sediments in Yenisei Gulf." Doklady Earth Sciences 483, no. 2 (December 2018): 1582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x1812019x.

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30

Eich, Thomas. "Basra, the Failed Gulf State. Separatism and Nationalism in Southern Iraq." Die Welt des Islams 49, no. 3-4 (2009): 496–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/004325309x12560469681312.

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31

Kountoura, K., and I. Zacharias. "Trophic state and oceanographic conditions of Amvrakikos Gulf: evaluation and monitoring." Desalination and Water Treatment 51, no. 13-15 (March 2013): 2934–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.748442.

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32

Meirs, Kaitlyn W., and Marilyn V. Howarth. "Environmentally Overburdened Gulf State Residents Lack Access to Environmental Specialty Care." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 28, no. 3 (August 30, 2018): 448–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291118795693.

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Residents in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama have experienced repeated natural and man-made environmental exposures. As frequency and intensity of exposures increase, the need for environmental specialty care rises in environmentally overburdened communities. We evaluated access to environmental health expertise in these states. We determined if providers accepted private health insurance and/or self-pay mapping their location using ArcGIS. Of sixty-four physicians meeting inclusion criteria, only eleven (17%) accepted private health insurance and thirty-four (53%) accepted self-pay. The ratio of physicians with environmental expertise who accept private health insurance and/or self-pay, to the population is < 1:1,000,000. Occupational clinics employ specialty physicians to provide care to industry employees but generally not patients with non-work-related exposure. We discuss the implications of limited access to environmental specialty care. To improve the availability of specialty expertise in this region, we recommend increased funding for training physicians in environmental exposure assessment in underserved communities, especially environmental justice communities.

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33

Sippel, Sarah Ruth. "Food security or commercial business? Gulf State investments in Australian agriculture." Journal of Peasant Studies 42, no. 5 (April 7, 2015): 981–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2014.990448.

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34

Al-Noaimi, Haya. "The State of Sexuality." Hawwa 16, no. 1-3 (November 27, 2018): 205–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341335.

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AbstractWhile many GCC states have been embracing widespread modernization reforms across various sectors in the past few decades, sexual and reproductive health education, social awareness campaigns, and relevant penal codes criminalizing sexual crimes still remain dangerously outdated. This article reviews the state of sexual norms and practices amongst khalījī youth, and argues that Persian Gulf states and families’ protectionist attitudes in restricting, regulating, and policing sexualities, has neither decreased the rate of sex crimes nor has it adequately defined the parameters of what is “acceptable” regarding sexual norms and behaviors. It argues that the domain of sexual norms needs to be renegotiated as a shared responsibility between the family unit and the state, considering that many youths’ mental and physical well-being is often contingent on the provision of sufficient sexual information, counseling, and education in their respective societies.

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Alsalloum, Khaled Abdulaziz, and Mohamed Salman Tayie. "The Present and Future of Kuwaiti-Iranian Relations and Their Influence on the Security of the Arabian Gulf." Asian Social Science 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n1p102.

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Objective: The objective is to study the present and future of Kuwaiti-Iranian relations through the determinants of the geographical, social, economic and political relationship and the reflection of that relation on the security of the Gulf. The study also examines the future of Gulf security in light of the Kuwaiti-Iranian relations.Method: The study used the approach of the national interest because it is linked to the theory of power, according to Hans Morgenthau, since power is the goal of the foreign policy maker, a major objective of the state in its external relations. Where the political interactions of Kuwait with the Gulf States and Iran is considered in accordance with its national interest.Results: The study concluded that the Kuwaiti-Iranian relations were positive at most stages and that security is one of the most important problems for small countries, but it is capable of playing a role in regional security. The future of Gulf security is linked to the relations of Gulf countries and Iran with major countries and for Kuwait specifically in its relationship with the United States of America and Western Countries through the security and military agreements.Conclusion: The study shows that the State of Kuwait as a small country played a major role through its political and geographical determinants in resolving regional disputes and conflicts.

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Kayaoglu, Turan. "International Politics of the Persian Gulf." American Journal of Islam and Society 30, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v30i4.1091.

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The Persian Gulf region is home to the six members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (viz., Oman, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia), Iran, and Iraq. Holding over 60 percent of the world’s oil and over 40 percent of its natural gas reserves, the Persian Gulf is central to the global economy. Yet a dominant regional power is lacking; beginning with the British in the late nineteenth century, foreign powers have consistently been meddling in the region. Significant economic, social, cultural, and political changes have transformed the region’s international relations since Britain’s withdrawal in the 1960s. The contributors to this volume, which provides a rich account of this transformation, focus on natural resources, the Iranian-Saudi competition, the interest of major external actors, and political reform. The volume’s main thrust is the centrality of both state and regime security in order to understand the region. The volume’s editor, Mehran Kamrava, notes that the international politics there is essentially that of security politics. He offers four reasons for this: (1) its central role in oil and natural gas production and, increasingly, global finance, (2) the competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia over regional leadership, (3) the long-standing American-Iranian conflict, and (4) the instability brought about by intermixing politics and religion. He identifies three poles of power that shape the region’s security dynamics: the American pole; the GCC pole, which is centered on Saudi military and Qatari-UAE financial power; and the Iranian pole, which relies both on military might and soft power. Since the Iranian revolution, the American and the GCC poles have built a resilient alliance that has been driven by both the United States’ growing direct involvement and the GCC’s failure to provide security to its members. The chapters, written by leading regional specialists, further elaborate on the region’s security dynamics. In Chapter 2, J. E. Petersen offers a useful typology of boundary formation. He discusses how the state-building process, historical claims, colonial imposition, and resource competition have shaped state boundaries. As these boundaries remain contested, Petersen details various ongoing problems. In Chapter 3, Fred H. Lawson refines the concepts “security dilemma” and “alliances dilemma” and uses them to explain the arms race in the Gulf since the first Gulf War. Middle East specialists and international relations scholars will find these chapters useful in conceptual refinement ...

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Al-Otaibi, Saleh Zaid. "The impact of Arab Revolution on the security of the Arabian Gulf." Review of Economics and Political Science 5, no. 2 (September 28, 2019): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/reps-02-2019-0022.

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Purpose This study aims to analyze the impact of Arab Revolution on the Arabian Gulf security by applying on Yemeni Revolution. This can be achieved by analyzing the threat of Arab Spring Revolutions to the national security of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries after the breakout of demonstrations and protests in some of the member states. In addition to its analysis of threat of the Regional Security of the Gulf as a result of Yemeni Revolution and Civil War and Iranian intervention to support Houthis within light of regional anarchy and security competition according to the Neorealism and how the GCC Countries face such threats. Design/methodology/approach The study depended on the historical methodology to track the developments of some events related to the Gulf Security and crisis in Yemen. Moreover, it used the analytical approach to analyze the impact of Arab Revolutions and Yemeni Civil War on the Arab Gulf Security. In addition, it depended on the realistic approach to explain the security state at the national and regional level of the Arab Gulf countries within light of regional anarchy, security competition and Iranian support to Houthis “Non-State Actors” (Kenneth Waltz), as well as the offensive realism (John Mearsheimer). Findings The Arab Revolutions had an effect on the national security of GCC countries according to the Neorealism due to the breakout of demonstrations and protests in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Sultanate of Oman which reached to the degree of threatening the existence of the state as in Bahrain. The Gulf Regional Security is influenced by Revolution and Civil War in Yemen as a result of that Iranian support to Houthis within light of security competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia, leading to the threat of the Arabian Gulf Security as Yemen is the southern gate to the GCC Countries and having joint borders with Saudi Arabia and Sultanate of Oman. Moreover, the GCC countries dealt with that threat individually, such as, performing internal reforms, or collectively through using military force, such as Bahrain and Yemen (Offensive Realism). Originality/value This study is an introduction to explain the Arab Spring Revolutions, conflict in Yemen and its threat to the Arab Gulf Security according to the Neorealism based on that the GCC countries sought to keep its existence and sovereignty in confrontation to the demonstrations and internal protests and to keep the regional security in confrontation to the threats of neighboring countries such as the Civil War in Yemen and the Iranian Support to Houthis in light of the regional anarchy.

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Nagura, Motoki, J. P. McCreary, and H. Annamalai. "Origins of Coupled Model Biases in the Arabian Sea Climatological State." Journal of Climate 31, no. 5 (March 2018): 2005–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0417.1.

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This study investigates biases of the climatological mean state of the northern Arabian Sea (NAS) in 31 coupled ocean–atmosphere models. The focus is to understand the cause of the large biases in the depth of the 20°C isotherm [Formula: see text] that occur in many of them. Other prominent biases are the depth [Formula: see text] and temperature [Formula: see text] of Persian Gulf water (PGW) and the wintertime mixed-layer thickness (MLT) along the northern boundary. For models that lack a Persian Gulf (group 1), [Formula: see text] is determined by the wintertime MLT bias [Formula: see text] through the formation of an Arabian Sea high-salinity water mass (ASHSW) that is too deep. For models with a Persian Gulf (group 2), if [Formula: see text] > MLT (group 2B), PGW remains mostly trapped to the western boundary and, again, [Formula: see text] directly controls [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text] MLT (group 2A), PGW spreads into the NAS and impacts [Formula: see text] because [Formula: see text] > 20°C; nevertheless [Formula: see text] still influences [Formula: see text] indirectly through its impact on [Formula: see text]. The thick wintertime mixed layer is driven primarily by surface cooling [Formula: see text] during the fall. Nevertheless, variations in ΔMLT among the models are more strongly linked to biases in the density stratification (jump) across the bottom of the mixed layer than to [Formula: see text] biases. The jump is in turn determined primarily by sea surface salinity biases (ΔSSS) advected into the NAS by the West India Coastal Current, and the source of ΔSSS is the rainfall deficit associated with the models’ weak summer monsoon. Ultimately, then, ΔD20 is linked to this deficit.

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Roper, Steven D., and Lilian A. Barria. "Understanding Variations in Gulf Migration and Labor Practices." Middle East Law and Governance 6, no. 1 (April 10, 2014): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00601001.

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This article examines labor and migration in the Gulf and variations in the legal provisions for workers. Since the 1970s, there has been a significant increase in South and Southeast Asian worker migration to the states of the Gulf Cooperation Council or GCC (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates). Over the last four decades, these migrant workers have replaced Arab migrants throughout the Gulf. In order to deal with the massive influx of these workers, Gulf States have instituted a sponsorship system (kafala) which becomes the legal basis for residency and employment. This article analyzes the kafala system used in each Gulf State and explores the factors which account for differences in the structure and legal basis of the sponsor-employee relationship as well as variations in the application of the system to Arab and non-Arab migrant workers. We find that the economy of the GCC country heavily influences the type of kafala system used.

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Ulrichsen, Kristian Coates. "Post-rentier Economic Challenges." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 73, no. 2 (June 2017): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928417700800.

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The rentier states of the Middle East face a combination of political and economic challenges as they seek to reduce their reliance on volatile oil and gas revenues and diversify their economies. This article examines how the political economy of the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states remains heavily dependent on the hydrocarbon sector and analyses the policy responses to the fall in world oil prices since 2014. Sections in the article examine the definitional aspect of rentier state theory, nature of the redistributive welfare state that developed in the 1970s in each Gulf State, and the political aspect of economic measures that seek to reform aspects of the distinctive political economy that has underpinned socio-political and economic stability for the past five decades.

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Shkvarya, L. "Russia's Foreign Trade with Persian Gulf Countries." World Economy and International Relations, no. 10 (2010): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-10-77-83.

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The Russian Federation is ever more actively joining world economy processes, and it is important for it to diversify foreign trade relations. In this respect, the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG) countries appears to be a quite real alternative to industrially developed countries. In the article, stages and the contemporary state of economic relations between Russia and CCASG are analyzed, key ongoing problems are specified.

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Hamza, W., and M. Munawar. "Gulf I conference report The state of the Gulf ecosystem: Future and threats March 5–7, 2006, Al-Ain, UAE." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 10, no. 3 (September 14, 2007): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634980701597567.

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Ouellet, P. "Characteristics and vertical distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) eggs in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, and the possible effect of cold water temperature on recruitment." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f96-297.

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In early May from 1993 to 1995 the water column in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence was weakly stratified, with cold water (<2°C) extending from ca. 125 m to the surface. Cod (Gadus morhua) eggs were distributed throughout the water column, but higher densities were observed in the cold intermediate layer. The vertical distribution of cod eggs was determined by egg size and organic (lipids, proteins) composition. Stage I egg density estimates in May 1994 ranged from 25.0 to 26.0 kg · m-3, which is higher than the water density of the upper mixed layer. Between 1980 and 1989, there was a weak positive relationship between the cold intermediate layer temperature anomalies and cod year-class strength (i.e., abundance of 3-year-old cod). However, it is unlikely that low recruitment levels caused by below-average temperature of the cold intermediate layer alone had a major impact on the recent collapse of the northern Gulf stock. Nevertheless, the poor state of the spawning stock (low abundance, poor fish condition, and less buoyant eggs) and harsh late winter and early spring conditions in the northern Gulf can limit the potential for high recruitment and rapid recovery of the northern Gulf cod stock.

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Tétreault, Mary Ann. "A STATE OF TWO MINDS: STATE CULTURES, WOMEN, AND POLITICS IN KUWAIT." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 2 (May 2001): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801002021.

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Kuwait, a small city-state on the Persian–Arabian Gulf, has undergone massive political, economic, and social development throughout the 20th century. In spite of this, Kuwaiti rulers continue to cherish what is perhaps an impossible dream: that Kuwait can be simultaneously a “developed” country and a “traditional” tribally organized social formation run by an autocratic ruler. This dream is echoed in equally ambivalent pronouncements and policies regarding women, not only by representatives of the state but also by Kuwaiti citizens. Should Kuwaiti women stand side by side with men in public life as half of a modern society, or should they be secluded, subjected by, and submissive to the men in their lives as local “tradition” demands? In this essay I argue that these two ambivalences are linked. Democratization of Kuwaiti political life has proceeded in fits and starts that parallel the uneven progress of democratization of gender relations in Kuwait. Perhaps in consequence, the politics of both kinds of democratization have become more closely linked.

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Khatib, Dania Koleilat. "Arab Gulf lobbying in the United States: what makes them win and what makes them lose and why?" Contemporary Arab Affairs 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2015.1121647.

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This research looks at attempts by Arab Gulf states to lobby the US government effectively. It explores aspects of their lobbying behaviour in order to identify the factors that lead to success and those that lead to failure from their lobbying endeavours. In this respect, it utilizes two case studies: one in which Arab Gulf state lobbying was successful, and another in which lobbying failed. For each case study, the different elements involved in lobbying are analyzed and factors that lead to success as well as to failure are inferred. In tandem with an analysis of the strategies, or lack of them, behind Arab Gulf states’ lobbying, the research examines additional relevant factors such as the organization and activism of the US Arab American community, the strategic value of the Arab Gulf to the United States, and the negative image of Arabs in America. The research considers the obstacles facing the establishment of an effective Arab Gulf lobby in the United States, mainly the absence of a grassroots base of Arab Americans that is committed to foreign policy issues.

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Abuelghanam, Debbie, and Naser Tahboub. "Mixed Messages: Iran versus Saudi Arabia and GCC." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 5, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798918795937.

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Much has been written about the relationship between Iran and the Gulf states. This relationship, while extremely complex, historic as well as deep rooted, needs to be revisited, especially in the light of the growing discords. This article investigates the contest over the balance of power in the Middle East which is impacted by state interests, foreign policy, ideology, sectarianism, and geography. There are three questions that need to be asked: (a) What role does Iran play in the Gulf region? (b) What is its relationship with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)? and (c) Is there room for the two regional powers (Iran and Saudi Arabia) in the Gulf region? Iran’s role in the Middle East has expanded exponentially by both diplomatic means as well as by proxy and direct interventions. It has become apparent that while once Saudi Arabia controlled the GCC, due to recent events, the regional group has become trivialized. As Saudi Arabia and Iran vie for power, the Gulf is tension-filled and fraught with the possibility of misperceptions and miscalculations.

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Areepattamannil, Shaljan, and Myint Swe Khine. "Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Original Grit Scale Using Rasch Analysis in an Arab Adolescent Sample." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 36, no. 8 (July 14, 2017): 856–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282917719976.

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This study examined the psychometric properties of the Original Grit Scale using Rasch analysis in a sample of 777 adolescents hailing from a collectivistic society, one of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Results of the Rasch analysis provided support for the appropriateness of the Original Grit Scale as a measure of one of the noncognitive skills, grit, among adolescents in the Arab Gulf State. Implications of the findings are briefly discussed.

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Leandro, Francisco B. S. José, and Anthony Lobo. "São Tomé and Príncipe: More than the Land of Cocoa and Coffee." China and the World 03, no. 03 (September 2020): 2050006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591729320500066.

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The Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, a small and remote island state, located in the Gulf of Guinea, has long offered little geopolitical and geo-economic interest. This situation is however gradually changing. In fact, since 2016, interest in the country has begun to grow, after the country resumed diplomatic relations with People’s Republic of China (hereafter China) and recognized the “one-China policy”. While the island state and Cabo Verde have followed different development paths in the post-colonial era, both share common features and both have the potential to perform important geopolitical regional roles in the context of the Belt and Road initiative (BRI). This paper discusses São Tomé and Príncipe’s regional engagement in the Gulf of Guinea (GG), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP), and in multi-level cooperation in light of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-Speaking Countries (FM) as well as bilateral cooperation. We argue that São Tomé and Príncipe is of geopolitical value to China and that the island state will serve Chinese interests in extending the BRI in the Gulf of Guinea. The microstate of São Tomé and Príncipe has the potential to transform itself to function as the “Qatar of the Gulf of Guinea”, and contribute to regional stability by providing regional services for shipping, banking, finance, high-quality education, tourism and as an engaged partner. This paper presents a methodological theoretical-inductive and constructivist perspective, combining qualitative, quantitative and non-participant observation.

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Ardovini, Lucia. "Gulf states and Islamist responses to COVID-19: a changing relationship." Global Discourse 10, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204378920x16018995382058.

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This article focuses on the outbreak of COVID-19 in the Gulf and examines how different responses to the pandemic are affecting the relationship between state institutions and Islamist actors. Several states and regimes are attempting to contain the spread of COVID-19 by imposing increasingly authoritarian measures and tightening social control, which in turn is causing a renewed wave of social unrest. The article shows how, in this increasingly unstable context, the relationships between state institutions and Islamist actors are developing along two main trends.As a response to the pandemic, states in the Gulf are increasingly relying on the mobilisation of Islamic institutions and religious bodies to support lockdown and isolation policies, enlisting Islamic authority to compensate for the decreasing levels of popular trust in the regime. The tightening of authoritarian measures is bringing pre-existing tensions between Islamists and authorities back to the fore, resulting in an increased crackdown on religious opposition actors ad movements. This article shows that, while the extent to which these trends are developing depends on the national context under analysis, different state reactions to COVID-19 are already drastically altering the relationship between political institutions and Islamic ones, affecting both domestic and regional balances of power and highlighting the mutual dependency between religion and politics in the Gulf.

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Debusschere, Karolien, Shea Penland, Karen E. Ramsey, Dianne Lindstedt, Karen A. Westphal, Robert Seal, Randolph A. McBride, Mark R. Byrnes, and Ed Owens. "IMPLEMENTING THE SHORELINE CLEANUP ASSESSMENT TEAM PROCESS IN THE GULF OF MEXICO." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-95.

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ABSTRACT Louisiana State University (LSU) and Woodward-Clyde Consultants are working with state and federal agencies, and industry through the LSU Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Research and Response Program to establish a shoreline cleanup assessment team program (SCAT) in the Gulf of Mexico. Each SCAT team consists of a coastal geomorphologist and ecologist (and archaeologist when appropriate), as well as representatives from the responsible federal, state, and private agencies. This cooperative effort is aimed at identifying oil spill impact and interagency coastal resource concerns and recommendations, and developing a cleanup strategy based on interagency cooperation and concurrence within a systematic and standardized framework. The SCAT program provides interagency coordination, SCAT preparedness, spill drill participation, interagency training, geographic information systems services, monitoring, and routine aerial videotape surveys. It also offers technical support to the decision-making process within spill response operations.

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