Academic literature on the topic 'Gun control – Statistics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gun control – Statistics"
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Sheptycki, James. "Guns, crime and social order." Criminology & Criminal Justice 9, no. 3 (2009): 307–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895809336379.
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Canada has undergone intensive public debate concerning firearms over the past two decades, much of which has concerned the effectiveness of gun control legislation. Since about 2005 public discourse has focused increasingly on an upsurge in gun-crime perpetrated by street-level criminals. The article examines the projection of these concerns within the Canadian mass media and through official statistics. It shows that gun control legislation appears to have had a positive effect on gun-related crime in Canada, but that a residuum of gun-crime has remained. Evidence suggests that a process of pistolization is ongoing in some places, but that it is not a dominant strain. The article also looks at some examples of grassroots resistance to pistolization in Canada in some communities that are worst affected by street-level gun crime.
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Belloni, Alexandre, Victor Chernozhukov, Christian Hansen, and Damian Kozbur. "Inference in High-Dimensional Panel Models With an Application to Gun Control." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 34, no. 4 (2016): 590–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07350015.2015.1102733.
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Dickinson, David L. "Deliberation Enhances the Confirmation Bias in Politics." Games 11, no. 4 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g11040057.
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The confirmation bias, unlike other decision biases, has been shown both empirically and in theory to be enhanced with deliberation. This suggests that limited attention, reduced deliberation, or limited available cognitive resources may moderate this bias. We aimed to test this hypothesis using a validated confirmation bias task in conjunction with a protocol that randomly assigned individuals to one week of at-home sleep restriction (SR) or well-rested (WR) sleep levels. We also used a measure of cognitive reflection as an additional proxy for deliberation in our analysis. We tested the hypotheses that the confirmation bias would be stronger for WR participants and those higher in cognitive reflection on a sample of 197 young adults. Our results replicated previous findings, and both males and females separately displayed the confirmation bias. Regarding our deliberation hypotheses, the confirmation bias results were most precisely estimated for those having thought relatively more about the issue of gun control. Additionally, for the subset of individuals having thought relatively more about gun control, we found evidence that the confirmation bias was stronger for those higher in cognitive reflection and, somewhat less robustly, for those participants who were (objectively) well-rested.
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Leung, Carol, Mark S. Kaplan, and Ziming Xuan. "The Association between Firearm Control Policies and Firearm Suicide among Men: A State-Level Age-Stratified Analysis." Health & Social Work 44, no. 4 (2019): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlz028.
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Abstract This study examined the association between state-specific firearm control policies and firearm suicide rates among men after adjusting for state-level demographics. This cross-sectional study used state-level mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System and the Brady Campaign State Scorecard in 2017. An age-stratified (15–24 years, 25–44 years, 45–64 years, and ≥ 65 years) multivariable analysis was conducted to identify gun control policies that are associated with firearm suicide rates among men in each age group. Results indicate that the associations of specific firearm control policies and firearm suicide rates differ across the age span. In particular, more policies (for example, dealer regulations and waiting periods) are negatively associated with firearm suicide rate among men 15 to 24 years of age. The findings underscore the importance of designing gender- and age-specific policy advocacy programs directed at lowering the rate of firearm suicide. This study also suggests that California, known for its innovative gun safety legislation efforts, could serve as a model for other states starting preventive programs to reduce the firearm suicide rate. Implications of the findings for social work practice are discussed.
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Smart, Rosanna, Terry L. Schell, Matthew Cefalu, and Andrew R. Morral. "Impact on Nonfirearm Deaths of Firearm Laws Affecting Firearm Deaths: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." American Journal of Public Health 110, no. 10 (2020): e1-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305808.
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Background. There is debate whether policies that reduce firearm suicides or homicides are offset by increases in non–firearm-related deaths. Objectives. To assess the extent to which changes in firearm homicides and suicides following implementation of various gun laws affect nonfirearm homicides and suicides. Search Methods. We performed a literature search on 13 databases for studies published between 1995 and October 31, 2018 (PROSPERO CRD42019120105). Selection Criteria. We included studies if they (1) estimated an effect of 1 of 18 included classes of gun policy on firearm homicides or suicides, (2) included a control group or comparison group and evaluated time series data to establish that policies preceded their purported effects, and (3) provided estimated effects of the policy and inferential statistics for either total or nonfirearm homicides or suicides. Data Collection and Analysis. We extracted data from each study, including study timeframe, population, and statistical methods, as well as point estimates and inferential statistics for the effects of firearm policies on firearm deaths as well as either nonfirearm or overall deaths. We assessed quality at the estimate (study–policy–outcome) level by using prespecified criteria to evaluate the validity of inference and causal identification. For each estimate, we derived the mortality multiplier (i.e., the ratio of the policy’s effect on total homicides or suicides; expressed as a change in the number of deaths) as a proportion of its effect on firearm homicides or suicides. Finally, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate overall mortality multipliers for suicide and homicide that account for both within- and between-study heterogeneity. Main Results. We identified 16 eligible studies (study timeframes spanning 1977–2015). All examined state-level policies in the United States, with most estimating effects of multiple policies, yielding 60 separate estimates of the mortality multiplier. From these, we estimated that a firearm law’s effect on homicide, expressed as a change in the number of total homicide deaths, is 0.99 (95% confidence interval = 0.76, 1.22) times its effect on the number of firearm homicides. Thus, on average, changes in the number of firearm homicides caused by gun policies are neither offset nor compounded by second-order effects on nonfirearm homicides. There is insufficient evidence in the existing literature on suicide to indicate the extent to which the effects of gun policy changes on firearm suicides are offset or compounded by their effects on nonfirearm suicides. Authors’ Conclusions. State gun policies that reduce firearm homicides are likely to reduce overall homicides in the state by approximately the same number. It is currently unknown whether the same holds for state gun policies that significantly reduce firearm suicides. The small number of studies meeting our inclusion criteria, issues of methodological quality within those studies, and the possibility of reporting bias are potential limitations of this review. Public Health Implications. Policies that reduce firearm homicides likely have large benefits for public health as there is little evidence to support a strong substitution effect between firearm and nonfirearm homicides at the population level. Further research is needed to determine whether policies that produce population-level reductions in firearm suicides will translate to overall declines in suicide rates.
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Roberto, Anthony J., Amy Janan Johnson, Gary Meyer, Steve L. Robbins, and Patricia K. Smith. "The Firearm Injury Reduction Education (Fire) Program: Formative Evaluation Insights and Implications." Social Marketing Quarterly 4, no. 2 (1998): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245004.1998.9960994.
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The Firearm Injury Reduction Education (FIRE) Program is a comprehensive community-based initiative aimed primarily at reducing the number of unintentional firearm injuries and deaths in Michigan. The FIRE Program is a multifaceted intervention that includes the following components: (1) videotaped testimonials; (2) radio public service announcements (PSAs); and (3) pamphlet distribution. In all cases, target audience members have an opportunity to receive a free gun trigger-lock. Several aspects of the social marketing model will be adopted by the FIRE Program. Pre-production formative evaluation is one important part of social marketing. The information reported here contains results of formative evaluation conducted to obtain feedback to develop and improve program components. Specifically, focus groups ( N = 6) were conducted with adults and children who owned firearms and/or were members of an at-risk population. Individual in- depth interviews were also conducted ( N = 11) with law enforcement officers and gun shop owners and/or operators. Results suggest that one can learn a reasonable amount of information from a limited number of focus groups and interviews. Injuries and deaths from guns represent a pervasive problem in American society. Firearms are the second-leading cause of fatal injuries in this country (Kellermann, 1994), and have surpassed automobile accidents in many states to become the leading cause of fatal injuries (Marwick, 1995). In 1994, firearms were involved in 17,866 homicides, there were 1,356 deaths due to unintentional gun injuries and 18,765 individuals prematurely ended their lives through suicide with a firearm (Singh, Kochanek, & MacDorman, 1996). Though fewer individuals died from unintentional shootings, estimates suggest that for every unintentional gun- related death, there are 13 unintentional gun-related injuries (Annest, Mercy, Gibson, & Ryan, 1995). Overall, for every gun-related death, estimates indicate that approximately seven people are injured by guns (Kellermann, 1994). The availability of a gun in a home is cited as a major contributing factor in each of these cases (Michigan Task Force on Interpersonal Violence Prevention and Reduction, 1994; Cook, 1979; Zimring, 1968; McDowall, 1991; Brent et al., 1991; Kellermann et al., 1992; Cotton, 1992), especially when the gun is stored loaded but not locked (Wintemut, Teret, Kraus, Wright, & Bradfield, 1987). Funding for this program was provided by the Michigan Department of Community Health to the Michigan Public Health Institute. Gun-related injuries and deaths carry a heavy price tag in terms of years-of-life lost and money spent to treat victims. National estimates indicate that annual costs related to firearm injuries and deaths average $14 billion (Voelker, 1995). Additionally, the life lost is often a young one, losing the potential for many years as a productive citizen. With regard to intentional firearm deaths, 20- to 24-year-olds have the highest death rate (National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 1993). Unintentional gun injuries are the third leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds and the fourth leading cause of death for 5- to 14-year-olds in the United States (Kellermann, Lee, Mercy, & Banton, 1991). The populations at greatest risk for gun-related suicide include males 10- to 34-years-old and those 70 and older (Rosenberg, 1993). These statistics illustrate the seriousness of firearm injuries and deaths. Treating this issue as a public health concern has been growing in popularity as a realistic option to reduce gun violence. Firearm injuries and deaths are increasingly being referred to as an “epidemic” (Mason & Proctor, 1992; Novello, Shosky, & Froehlke, 1992; Randall, 1990), “a public health emergency” (Novello et al., 1992), and one of “the most critical health problems this country faces” (Randall, 1990).
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Callcut, Rachael A., Anamaria M. Joyce Robles, and Matthew W. Mell. "Banning open carry of unloaded handguns decreases firearm-related fatalities and hospital utilization." Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 3, no. 1 (2018): e000196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2018-000196.
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BackgroundSince 1967, in California it has been illegal to openly carry a loaded firearm in public except when engaged in hunting or law enforcement. However, beginning January 1, 2012, public open carry of unloaded handguns also became illegal. Fatal and non-fatal (NF) firearm injuries were examined before and after adoption of the 2012 ban to quantify the effect of the new law on public health.MethodsState-level data were obtained directly from California and nine other US state inpatient and emergency department (ED) discharge databases, and the Centers for Disease Control Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System. Case numbers of firearm fatalities, NF hospitalizations, NF ED visits, and state-level population estimates were extracted. Each incident was classified as unintentional, self-inflicted, or assault. Crude incidence rates were calculated. The strength of gun laws was quantified using the Brady grade. There were no changes to open carry in these nine states during the study. Using a difference-in-difference technique, the rate trends 3 years preban and postban were compared.ResultsThe 2012 open carry ban resulted in a significantly lower incident rate of both firearm-related fatalities and NF hospitalizations (p<0.001). The effect of the law remained significant when controlling for baseline state gun laws (p<0.001). Firearm incident rate drops in California were significant for male homicide (p=0.023), hospitalization for NF assault (p=0.021 male; p=0.025 female), and ED NF assault visits (p=0.04). No significant decreases were observed by sex for suicides or unintentional injury. Changing the law saved an estimated 337 lives (3.6% fewer deaths) and 1285 NF visits in California during the postban period.DiscussionOpen carry ban decreases fatalities and healthcare utilization even in a state with baseline strict gun laws. The most significant impact is from decreasing firearm-related fatal and NF assaults.Level of evidenceIII, epidemiology.
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Anestis, Michael D., Samantha E. Daruwala, and Neil Carey. "Suicide attempt trends leading up to and following gun lock changes in the 2013 National Defense Authorization Act." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 11, no. 2 (2019): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-11-2018-0389.
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PurposeFirearms account for the majority of suicide deaths in the US military and general population. The percentage of suicides resulting from firearms is higher in the military, however, and as such, the ratio of non-lethal to lethal suicide attempts is lower in the military than in the general population. In 2013, Congress passed the National Defense Authorization Act, which facilitated a Department of Defense (DoD) shift toward allowing commanding officers and clinicians to inquire about personal firearms with service members perceived as being at risk and also began giving free cable locks to firearm-owning military personnel. The purpose of this paper is to provide a preliminary understanding of the effectiveness of this change, the authors examined trends in firearm suicide attempts within the US military and general population from 2010 to 2015.Design/methodology/approachData on non-lethal and lethal suicide attempts overall and within specific methods were extracted from the Department of Defense Suicide Event Report and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (2011–2015).FindingsContrary to expectations, firearms were not utilized in a smaller proportion of suicide attempts within the military post-law change. Consistent with expectations, however, the ratio of non-lethal to lethal suicide attempts increased, particularly after the change in law, with the ratio in the military converging somewhat with that of the general population.Originality/valueOverall, results were mixed, with only limited and tangential evidence that the change in law has proven effective. More precise data collection will be required in order to fully evaluate such laws.
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Semenenko, S. I. "The possibilities of pharmacological correction of the disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism in brain rates with traumatic brain injury." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 23, no. 3 (2019): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2019-23(3)-05.
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The development and introduction into practice of emergency neurology of new drugs capable of influencing the secondary damage of neurons in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) has significantly affected the recovery of such patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the magnitude of the cerebroprotective effect of amantadine sulfate on the index of impaired carbohydrate metabolism of the brain against the background of experimental TBI. The experimental TBI model of severe severity was caused by the action of a carbon dioxide flow under pressure created using a gas balloon pneumatic gun. The therapeutic effect of amantadine sulfate on model TBI was evaluated using a dose of 10 mg/kg. The pseudoperated animals and control group received 0.9% NaCl solution at a dose of 2 ml/kg i/v. The obtained results were processed by the method of variational statistics using Student's t-test, changes of indicators were considered probable at p≤0.05. In the course of the experiment, it was found that the treatment of rats with model TBI with 0.9% NaCl solution did not significantly contribute to the restoration of impaired energy metabolism (p<0.05) and did not reduce the manifestation of metabolic acidosis in the damaged brain (p<0.05). The use of amantadine sulfate in TBI rats significantly better corrects carbohydrate metabolism disorders than 0.9% NaCl solution and contributes to the reduction of metabolic acidosis in the damaged brain (p<0.05).
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Wood, Gordon, Robert Churchill, Edward Cook, et al. "Counting Guns." Social Science History 26, no. 4 (2002): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012438.
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At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science historians might contribute nowand in the future to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz (1995), for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in theUnited States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in selfdefense–a preposterous number (Cook and Ludwig 1996: 57–58; Cook and Moore 1999: 280–81). Lott (2000) claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the years between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year (ibid.: 44–45). He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models finds a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment (ibid.: 52–53)–implausible relationships that suggest the presence of multicollinearity, measurement error, or misspecification. Lott then misrepresents his results by claiming falsely that statistical methods can distinguish in a quasi-experimental way the impact of gun laws from the impact of other social, economic, and cultural forces (ibid.: 26, 34–35; Guterl 1996). Had Lott extended his study to the 1930s, the correlation between gun laws and declining homicide rates that dominates his statistical analysis would have disappeared. An unbiased study would include some consideration of alternative explanations and an acknowledgment of the explanatory limits of statistical methods.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gun control – Statistics"
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Andrén, Hugo. "Towards Zero Defects in the Aerospace Industry through Statistical Process Control : A Case Study at GKN Aerospace Engine Systems." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79927.
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With the ongoing transformation of modern manufacturing systems in an industry 4.0 environment, industrial actors may see great improvements with respect to quality towards a state of near zero defects. For the aerospace industry, where increased quality and reduced risk is strongly related, new technologies may be used in manufacturing to see to the increasing demands on products. The safety, as well as the manufacturing complexity of products and processes, make the collected measurement data an integral asset for enterprises within the aerospace industry. Collected data may be analysed using statistical tools and methods to improve process capability and, in extension, product quality. Communicating the need for zero defects, original equipment manufacturers demand increased capability from product and component manufacturers. Hence, zero defects are typically operationalised through exhibiting a process capability of Cpk= 2.0. In response to the challenge, GKN Aerospace need to raise the traditional process capability targets of Cpk=1.33. By employing an exploratory research strategy with a deductive approach, the thesis combines theoretical knowledge from the literature with empirical findings in a thematic analysis. The thematic analysis was conducted by employing six phases as suggested by Braun and Clarke (2006) and resulted in the identification of 50 codes from a total of 459 data extracts. Based on the empirical interview data, a framework for how zero defects is interpreted at GKN Aerospace was developed, which describes zero defects as a cycle. Taking into account that zero defects is operationalised through Cpk= 2.0, the cycle consists of six phases that start with a vision and is completed by delivering a true and reliable Cpk of 2.0. In addition, the codes from the thematic analysis were collated into a thematic mind map, focusing on key aspects of working with statistical process control (SPC) to support zero defects. Two main themes are presented in the mind map, statistical approach to improvement work; highlighting necessary aspects of statistical process control and measurability, and removing barriers for improvement; highlighting fundamental organisational barriers that impede proactive quality improvement. To support the findings and give a practical example of how process data may be presented and analysed using tools and methods within statistical process control, an SPC study was conducted on a set of data. In the SPC study, the construction and analysis of individuals Shewhart control charts and moving range charts were described in detail. These procedures provide better insights about process behaviour through statistical thinking and thus better knowledge on how to approach more proactive process improvements.
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Erkki, Robert, and Philip Johnsson. "Quality Data Management in the Next Industrial Revolution : A Study of Prerequisites for Industry 4.0 at GKN Aerospace Sweden." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69341.
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The so-called Industry 4.0 is by its agitators commonly denoted as the fourth industrial revolution and promises to turn the manufacturing sector on its head. However, everything that glimmers is not gold and in the backwash of hefty consultant fees questions arises: What are the drivers behind Industry 4.0? Which barriers exists? How does one prepare its manufacturing procedures in anticipation of the (if ever) coming era? What is the internet of things and what file sizes’ is characterised as big data? To answer these questions, this thesis aims to resolve the ambiguity surrounding the definitions of Industry 4.0, as well as clarify the fuzziness of a data-driven manufacturing approach. Ergo, the comprehensive usage of data, including collection and storage, quality control, and analysis. In order to do so, this thesis was carried out as a case study at GKN Aerospace Sweden (GAS). Through interviews and observations, as well as a literature review of the subject, the thesis examined different process’ data-driven needs from a quality management perspective. The findings of this thesis show that the collection of quality data at GAS is mainly concerned with explicitly stated customer requirements. As such, the data available for the examined processes is proven inadequate for multivariate analytics. The transition towards a data-driven state of manufacturing involves a five-stage process wherein data collection through sensors is seen as a key enabler for multivariate analytics and a deepened process knowledge. Together, these efforts form the prerequisites for Industry 4.0. In order to effectively start transition towards Industry 4.0, near-time recommendations for GAS includes: capture all data, with emphasize on process data; improve the accessibility of data; and ultimately taking advantage of advanced analytics. Collectively, these undertakings pave the way for the actual improvements of Industry 4.0, such as digital twins, machine cognition, and process self-optimization. Finally, due to the delimitations of the case study, the findings are but generalized for companies with similar characteristics, i.e. complex processes with low volumes.
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Vestin, Albin, and Gustav Strandberg. "Evaluation of Target Tracking Using Multiple Sensors and Non-Causal Algorithms." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160020.
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Today, the main research field for the automotive industry is to find solutions for active safety. In order to perceive the surrounding environment, tracking nearby traffic objects plays an important role. Validation of the tracking performance is often done in staged traffic scenarios, where additional sensors, mounted on the vehicles, are used to obtain their true positions and velocities. The difficulty of evaluating the tracking performance complicates its development. An alternative approach studied in this thesis, is to record sequences and use non-causal algorithms, such as smoothing, instead of filtering to estimate the true target states. With this method, validation data for online, causal, target tracking algorithms can be obtained for all traffic scenarios without the need of extra sensors. We investigate how non-causal algorithms affects the target tracking performance using multiple sensors and dynamic models of different complexity. This is done to evaluate real-time methods against estimates obtained from non-causal filtering. Two different measurement units, a monocular camera and a LIDAR sensor, and two dynamic models are evaluated and compared using both causal and non-causal methods. The system is tested in two single object scenarios where ground truth is available and in three multi object scenarios without ground truth. Results from the two single object scenarios shows that tracking using only a monocular camera performs poorly since it is unable to measure the distance to objects. Here, a complementary LIDAR sensor improves the tracking performance significantly. The dynamic models are shown to have a small impact on the tracking performance, while the non-causal application gives a distinct improvement when tracking objects at large distances. Since the sequence can be reversed, the non-causal estimates are propagated from more certain states when the target is closer to the ego vehicle. For multiple object tracking, we find that correct associations between measurements and tracks are crucial for improving the tracking performance with non-causal algorithms.
Books on the topic "Gun control – Statistics"
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Gartner, Bruce. Firearms violence and gun control strategies. Research Division, Dept. of Legislative Reference, 1989.
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Homicide and gun control: The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act and homicide rates. LFB Scholarly Pub., 2008.
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S, Javiera Blanco. Comentarios al proyecto legislativo que modifica la ley no. 17.798 sobre control de armas. Fundación Paz Ciudadana, 2004.
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Hetz-Burrell, Nicole. Firearm use among Denver arrestees in 2003. Division of Criminal Justice, Office of Research and Statistics, 2004.
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Castellanos, Julieta. Honduras, armamentismo y violencia. Fundación Arias para la Paz y el Progreso Humano, 2000.
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Salvadore, Francisco Joseph, and Hase William L, eds. Chemical kinetics and dynamics. Prentice Hall, 1989.
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Salvadore, Francisco Joseph, and Hase William L, eds. Chemical kinetics and dynamics. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Gun control – Statistics"
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"Shan Guo Gui 山聝軌 USING STATISTICS TO CONTROL STATE FINANCES." In Guanzi. Princeton University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691215044-033.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Gun control – Statistics"
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Nandi, Souransu, and Tarunraj Singh. "Chance Constraint Based Design of IV Insulin Control for Type 1 Diabetic Patients Under Model and Meal Uncertainties." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87759.
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The focus of this paper is on the development of a chance constrained controller for type 1 diabetic patients in the presence of model, meal and initial condition uncertainty. Since the chance constraints require the mean and variance of the evolving uncertain blood-glucose, a conjugate unscented transform based approach is used to estimate the blood-glucose statistics. The proposed approach is demonstrated on the classic Bergman model augmented with a gut dynamics model.
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Atluru, Sri, and Amit Deshpande. "Statistical Process Monitoring With MTConnect." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7344.
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Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques are used widely in the manufacturing industry. However, it is sometimes observed that a deviation that is within the acceptable range of inherent process variation does not necessarily conform to specifications. This is especially true in the case of low volume; high precision manufacturing that is customary in aerospace and defense industries. In order to study the limitations posed by conventional SPC techniques in such manufacturing environments, a study was undertaken at TechSolve Inc., Cincinnati to develop a standalone SPC tool. The SPC tool so developed effectively communicates with an on-machine probe and analyzes the collected data to carry out a statistical analysis. MTConnect, a new-generation machine tool communications protocol, was used in developing the communication interfaces with the on-machine probe on a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine. The XML (eXtensible Markup Language) code used to extend the MTConnect schema to include the data obtained from the probing routines is also presented. The statistical analysis was developed as a Graphical User Interface (GUI) in LabVIEW. The statistical analysis was carried out as a case study by producing a widget. Real machining was carried out to produce 48 of these widgets using a combination of end mills and face mills. The data obtained during the subsequent quality testing was used to carry out the statistical analysis. The limitations of conventional SPC techniques during the developmental and analytical phases of the study are discussed. The presence of a chip during an on machine probing routine, the variations due to disparities in tool macro geometry, and the demand for conformance to requirements are studied in the view of a statistical process monitoring standpoint. Various alternatives are also discussed that aim to correct and improve the quality of machined parts in these scenarios.
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Ya´n˜ez-Ferna´ndez, J., J. A. Salazar-Montoya, and E. G. Ramos-Rami´rez. "Effect of Mesquite Seed Gum on the Rheological Properties of Mixtures With Arabic and Gellan Gums." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32195.
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The mesquite seed gum (Prosopis sp.) represents an alternative application in the food industry, due to its structural likeness with other galactomannans used at the moment. The information about the properties of mesquite seed gum is scarce, for this is important to known the rheological properties of this biopolymer and its interactions with other polymers for seeing future applications. The aim of this work was study the rheological behavior of mesquite seed gum and their effects in arabic and gellan gum mixtures. They were prepared aqueous dispersions according to a Simplex-Centroid design, being obtained gum combinations of total concentration of 1% from mesquite-arabic, mesquite-gellan, arabic-gellan and mesquite-arabic-gellan, the pH from the dispersions were adjusted to 4, 5 and 6. The mixtures as well as the individual biopolymers were dispersed to ambient temperature, and later heated during 20 minutes at 90 °C and cooling at 25 °C. The rheological studies were made using an Haake RV2 viscometer. The statistical analysis showed differences (α = 0.05) among the rheologic value for mixtures at different pH. The mixtures showed a non-Newtonian behavior, type pseudoplastic flow (shear thinning) and showed high viscosities to low shears rates (100 s−l) in all the cases. The tendency of mixtures with two or three components showed an antagonistic effect in the viscosity. Particularly the mesquite seed gum suffers an antagonistic effect in the viscosity when it was mixed with the arabic and gellan gums, being observed decreases from a 8 until 45%, below the control.
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Gan, Subhadeep, Urmila Ghia, and Karman Ghia. "Active Flow Control of Separated Turbulent Flow Over a Hump Using RANS, DES, and LES." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55130.
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Most practical flows in engineering applications are turbulent, and exhibit separation. Losses due to separation are undesirable because they generally have adverse effects on performance and efficiency. Therefore, control of turbulent separated flows has been a topic of significant interest as it can reduce separation losses. It is of utmost importance to understand the complex flow dynamics that leads to flow separation and come up with methods of flow control. In the past, passive flow-control was mostly implemented that does not require any additional energy source to reduce separation losses but it leads to increasing viscous losses at higher Reynolds number. More recent work has been focused primarily on active flow-control techniques that can be turned on and off depending on the requirement of flow-control. The present work is focused on implementing flow control using steady suction in the region of flow separation. The present work is Case 3 of the 2004 CFD Validation on Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control Workshop, http://cfdval2004.larc.nasa.gov/case3.html, conducted by NASA for the flow over a wall-mounted hump. The flow over a hump is an example of a turbulent separated flow. This flow is characterized by a simple geometry, but, nevertheless, is rich in many complex flow phenomena such as shear layer instability, separation, reattachment, and vortex interactions. The baseline case has been successfully simulated by Gan et al., 2007. The flow is simulated at a Reynolds number of 371,600, based on the hump chord length, C, and Mach number of 0.04. The flow control is being achieved via a slot at approximately 65% C by using steady suction. Solutions are presented for the three-dimensional RANS SST, steady and unsteady, turbulence model and DES and LES turbulence modeling approaches. Multiple turbulence modeling approaches help to ascertain what techniques are most appropriate for capturing the physics of this complex separated flow. Second-order accurate time derivatives are used for all implicit unsteady simulation cases. Mean-velocity contours and turbulent kinetic energy contours are examined at different streamwise locations. Detailed comparisons are made of mean and turbulence statistics such as the pressure coefficient, skinfriction coefficient, and Reynolds stress profiles, with experimental results. The location of the reattachment behind the hump is compared with experimental results. The successful control of this turbulent separated flow causes a reduction in the reattachment length, compared with the uncontrolled case. The effects of steady suction on flow separation and reattachment are discussed.