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Journal articles on the topic 'Gun violence'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Fry, Edward T. A. "Gun Violence." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 80, no. 6 (August 2022): 646–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.06.015.

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2

Kuhl, Nicholas O., and Monica P. Lieberman. "Gun Violence." Academic Medicine 93, no. 9 (September 2018): 1268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000002267.

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3

Cukier, Wendy, and Sarah Allen Eagen. "Gun violence." Current Opinion in Psychology 19 (February 2018): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.008.

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4

Vernick, Jon S. "Gun Violence." JAMA 296, no. 5 (August 2, 2006): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.5.590.

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5

Zakrison, Tanya L., Juan Carlos Puyana, and L. D. Britt. "Gun violence is structural violence." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 82, no. 1 (January 2017): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000001289.

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6

Bernstein, C'Zar. "Gun Violence Agnosticism." Essays in Philosophy 16, no. 2 (2015): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7710/1526-0569.1534.

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7

Davidoff, Frank. "Reframing Gun Violence." Annals of Internal Medicine 128, no. 3 (February 1, 1998): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-3-199802010-00011.

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8

Keen, William D. "Reframing Gun Violence." Annals of Internal Medicine 129, no. 4 (August 15, 1998): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00023.

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9

Stevenson, Robert N. "Reframing Gun Violence." Annals of Internal Medicine 129, no. 4 (August 15, 1998): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00024.

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10

Mendell, Philip L. "Reframing Gun Violence." Annals of Internal Medicine 129, no. 4 (August 15, 1998): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00025.

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11

Bonds, W. V. "Reframing Gun Violence." Annals of Internal Medicine 129, no. 4 (August 15, 1998): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00026.

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12

Davidoff, Frank. "Reframing Gun Violence." Annals of Internal Medicine 129, no. 4 (August 15, 1998): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-4-199808150-00027.

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13

Gould, Kathleen Ahern. "Ending Gun Violence." Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing 35, no. 2 (2016): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dcc.0000000000000172.

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14

Helmke, Paul. "Targeting Gun Violence." Public Administration Review 73, no. 4 (May 17, 2013): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/puar.12081.

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15

Alcorn, Ted, and Scott Burris. "Gun violence prevention." Lancet 388, no. 10041 (July 2016): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31036-4.

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16

Schell, Terry L., and Andrew R. Morral. "Gun violence prevention." Lancet 388, no. 10041 (July 2016): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31037-6.

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17

SHERMAN, LAWRENCE W. "Reducing Gun Violence:." Criminal Justice 1, no. 1 (February 2001): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466802501001001002.

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18

Mozaffarian, Dariush, David Hemenway, and David S. Ludwig. "Curbing Gun Violence." JAMA 309, no. 6 (February 13, 2013): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.38.

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19

Binder, Renée. "Gun Violence Restraining Orders: One Tool to Prevent Gun Violence." Psychiatric News 50, no. 21 (November 6, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2015.11a18.

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20

Metcalf, Thomas. "GUN VIOLENCE AS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION." Public Affairs Quarterly 32, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26909989.

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Abstract I offer a new proposal to prevent some of the harms of gun violence in the United States. First, I argue that gun violence is a negative externality of gun production, on an analogy with industrial pollution. Second, I outline a law that the United States might use to internalize the violent costs of gun production. This law would provide a financial incentive for gun manufacturers to reduce gun violence in whatever legally permissible way they can, not necessarily by reducing the prevalence of gun ownership. Thus, strictly speaking, my proposal would be a form of gun violence control, not gun control per se. Third, I show that this approach to controlling gun violence avoids the three main pro-gun-rights arguments: the Consequentialistic Argument, the Moral Rights Argument, and the Legal Rights Argument. I conclude by explaining why even libertarians should have few principled objections to my proposal.
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21

Wamser-Nanney, Rachel. "Understanding gun violence: Factors associated with beliefs regarding guns, gun policies, and gun violence." Psychology of Violence 11, no. 4 (July 2021): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/vio0000392.

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22

Huff, Allison J., Darrell Norman Burrell, Eugene J. Lewis, and Sharon L. Burton. "Transformational vs. Transactional Attitudes Towards Gun Violence as a Public Health Concern in America." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.314154.

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The context of transformational gun violence is an inherent issue of a need for change in the American dichotomy of access. The transactional gun violence is the given exchange in gun ownership. Daily, more than 500 individuals perish from gun violence. The total number of global homicides consist of 44% of the world's population. Statistics demonstrate hospital data show an increase in gun violence over the last decade. Increased murders but overall lower crime suggest a growing gun problem. Gun violence must be confronted as a holistic public health challenge. This article explores gun violence as a transformational and transactional public health issue and makes some focused recommendations from the literature of how we can address this significant public health and health disparity problem.
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23

Blumstein, Alfred, and Daniel Cork. "Linking Gun Availability to Youth Gun Violence." Law and Contemporary Problems 59, no. 1 (1996): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1192207.

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24

Goodwin, Amber K., and TJ Grayson. "Investing in the Frontlines: Why Trusting and Supporting Communities of Color Will Help Address Gun Violence." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, S4 (2020): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520979418.

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This article proposes potential strategies to address gun violence in communities of color while identifying the harms associated with a policing-centered, criminal legal approach. In addition to highlighting the dangers associated with the United States' current criminal legal tactics to reduce gun violence in these communities, the authors advocate for community-endorsed strategies that give those impacted by this issue the resources to take on gun violence in their own communities. Specifically, they identify, describe, and endorse a series of violence prevention programs that rely on community relations to detect and prevent incidents of gun violence and that view gun violence as a public health rather than criminal legal issue.
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25

Gluck, Abbe R., Alexander Nabavi-Noori, and Susan Wang. "Gun Violence in Court." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, S4 (2020): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520979406.

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Litigation cannot solve a public health crisis. But litigation can be an effective complementary tool to regulation by increasing the salience of a public health issue, eliciting closely guarded information to move public opinion, and prompting legislative action. From tobacco to opioids, litigants have successfully turned to courts for monetary relief, to initiate systemic change, and to hold industry accountable For years, litigators have been trying to push firearm suits into their own litigation moment. But litigation against the gun industry poses special challenges. Not only has the regulatory regime failed to prevent a public safety hazard, Congress has consistently underfunded and understaffed the relevant regulatory actors. And in 2005 it legislatively immunized the gun industry from suit with the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act (PLCAA). This paper surveys the field of litigation in response to gun violence, tracking the limited successes of victims and stakeholders suing the gun industry. We find that victories remain confined to individual actors and unlike high-impact public litigations in other areas, aggregate class actions and major public litigation led by state attorneys general are noticeably absent in the firearm context.
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26

Corburn, Jason, Yael Nidam, and Amanda Fukutome-Lopez. "The Art and Science of Urban Gun Violence Reduction: Evidence from the Advance Peace Program in Sacramento, California." Urban Science 6, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci6010006.

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Urban gun violence is a critical human health and social justice issue. Strategies to reduce urban gun violence are increasingly being taken out of the domain of police and into community-based programs. One such community-driven gun violence reduction program analyzed here is called Advance Peace. Advance Peace (AP) uses street outreach workers as violence interrupters and adult mentors to support the decision making and life chances of those at the center of urban gun violence. We reported on the impact Advance Peace had on gun violence and program participants in the City of Sacramento, California, from 2018–2019. Using an interrupted time series model, we attributed a gun violence reduction of 18% city wide and up to 29% in one of the AP target neighborhoods from the intervention. We also found that of the 50 participants in the Advance Peace Sacramento program 98% were alive, 90% did not have a new gun charge or arrest, 84% reported an improved outlook on life, all received cognitive behavioral therapy, and 98% reported that their AP outreach worker was one of the most important adults in their life. Advance Peace is a viable community-driven, urban gun violence, and healing-focused program.
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27

James, Nick, and Max Menzies. "Dual-domain analysis of gun violence incidents in the United States." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, no. 11 (November 2022): 111101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0120822.

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This paper applies new and recently introduced approaches to study trends in gun violence in the United States. We use techniques in both the time and frequency domain to provide a more complete understanding of gun violence dynamics. We analyze gun violence incidents on a state-by-state basis as recorded by the Gun Violence Archive. We have numerous specific phenomena of focus, including periodicity of incidents, locations in time where behavioral changes occur, and shifts in gun violence patterns since April 2020. First, we implement a recently introduced method of spectral density estimation for nonstationary time series to investigate periodicity on a state-by-state basis, including revealing where periodic behaviors change with time. We can also classify different patterns of behavioral changes among the states. We then aim to understand the most significant shifts in gun violence since numerous key events in 2020, including the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns, and periods of civil unrest. Our dual-domain analysis provides a more thorough understanding and challenges numerous widely held conceptions regarding the prevalence of gun violence incidents.
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28

Sluiter, Katie. "Contending with Gun Violence." Study and Scrutiny: Research on Young Adult Literature 4, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5275.2020.4.1.77-89.

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Katie Sluiter interviews three English Education Professors: Steven Bickmore, Shelly Shaffer, and Gretchen Rumhor. The conversation centers on their scholarship in the field of Young Adult Literature, as well as their book, Contending with Gun Violence in the English Language Classroom.
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29

Malina, Debra, Stephen Morrissey, Edward W. Campion, Mary Beth Hamel, and Jeffrey M. Drazen. "Rooting Out Gun Violence." New England Journal of Medicine 374, no. 2 (January 14, 2016): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejme1515975.

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30

Sofer, Dalia. "Gun Violence and Children." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 117, no. 9 (September 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000524529.50050.7b.

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31

Adshead, Gwen, Peter Fonagy, and Sameer P. Sarkar. "Violence and gun crime." BMJ 335, no. 7625 (October 25, 2007): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39365.683877.be.

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32

Stretesky, Paul B., and Mark R. Pogrebin. "Gang-Related Gun Violence." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 36, no. 1 (February 2007): 85–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241606287416.

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33

Cook, Philip J. "Thinking about gun violence." Criminology & Public Policy 19, no. 4 (September 11, 2020): 1371–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12519.

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34

Garbarino, James. "Gun Violence in Chicago." Violence and Gender 4, no. 2 (June 2017): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vio.2017.0013.

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35

Wallace, Lacey N. "Gun Violence: An Introduction." Violence and Gender 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vio.2020.29025.lnw.

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36

Dodson, Nancy A. "Adolescent gun violence prevention." Current Opinion in Pediatrics 28, no. 4 (August 2016): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mop.0000000000000372.

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37

Aspholm, Roberto R., Christopher St Vil, and Kimberly A. E. Carter. "Interpersonal Gun Violence Research in the Social Work Literature." Health & Social Work 44, no. 4 (October 17, 2019): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlz021.

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Abstract Interpersonal gun violence remains a major public health issue in the United States and beyond. This article explores the research on interpersonal gun violence published in peer-reviewed social work journals since the mid-1990s. Findings from this review indicate that the existing scholarship offers some important insights into this topic, particularly related to risk factors for and the effects of exposure to gun violence. These findings, however, also point to some shortcomings in the literature, including problems with the measurement and analytic treatment of exposure to gun violence and a lack of research with direct victims and perpetrators of gun violence. Implications for future research are discussed.
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38

Haider, Muhiuddin, and Jared Frank. "Firearms: Ownership, Laws & and The Case for Community Mobilization." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v3i1.4669.

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<p>The United States (U.S.) currently ranks number one in the world in both the quantity of privately owned guns and the rate of private gun ownership. These privately owned firearms, which include rifles, shotguns and handguns, are predominantly owned by middle-aged, 35-54, white men, but the gaps have been steadily closing over the years, especially depending on the type of firearm, in all areas including gender, age, race, education level, political affiliation and geographic location. Gun violence is a leading cause of injury death in the U.S. In examining gun violence and potentially reducing its incidence, this article reviews gun ownership, access and utilization in the U.S., outcomes of gun violence, and the impact of community involvement in reducing gun violence. Specific areas of focus include the current state of background checks, with a focus on mental illness, and the role of medical professionals in guiding gun policy development. Gun violence continues to negatively impact the safety of individuals, families and communities. This article will emphasize the importance of social mobilization in enacting meaningful changes in gun policy and the development of relationships among healthcare professionals, social workers, and community members so as to further reduce and/or prevent gun violence.</p>
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39

Haider, Muhiuddin, and Jared Frank. "Firearms: Ownership, Laws & and The Case for Community Mobilization." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v3i1.4669.

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<p>The United States (U.S.) currently ranks number one in the world in both the quantity of privately owned guns and the rate of private gun ownership. These privately owned firearms, which include rifles, shotguns and handguns, are predominantly owned by middle-aged, 35-54, white men, but the gaps have been steadily closing over the years, especially depending on the type of firearm, in all areas including gender, age, race, education level, political affiliation and geographic location. Gun violence is a leading cause of injury death in the U.S. In examining gun violence and potentially reducing its incidence, this article reviews gun ownership, access and utilization in the U.S., outcomes of gun violence, and the impact of community involvement in reducing gun violence. Specific areas of focus include the current state of background checks, with a focus on mental illness, and the role of medical professionals in guiding gun policy development. Gun violence continues to negatively impact the safety of individuals, families and communities. This article will emphasize the importance of social mobilization in enacting meaningful changes in gun policy and the development of relationships among healthcare professionals, social workers, and community members so as to further reduce and/or prevent gun violence.</p>
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40

Richardson, Monte-Angel. "Framing Community-Based Interventions for Gun Violence: A Review of the Literature." Health & Social Work 44, no. 4 (October 17, 2019): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlz026.

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Abstract Social workers are uniquely situated to lead community-based efforts to reduce gun violence, which has been identified as a prevalent and pressing public health concern. The current literature, however, has not addressed the frameworks guiding community-based interventions for gun violence. In the present article, a systematic literature review examines frameworks used to support community-based interventions for gun violence and to evaluate their outcomes. The search found 13 articles—unique to gun violence interventions—organized by the frameworks shaping perceptions of gun violence and community-based research. The review assessed frameworks based on their relationship to intervention stage and study outcomes. Findings suggest that these community-based gun violence interventions are shaped by systems, public health, and community mobilization frameworks. The article discusses frameworks found to be associated with successful community-based interventions and explains how the findings are relevant to future social work practice and research.
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41

Blithe, Sarah Jane, and Jennifer Lanterman. "Camouflaged Collectives: Managing Stigma and Identity at Gun Events." Studies in Social Justice 11, no. 1 (February 8, 2017): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v11i1.1313.

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Gun violence persists in the United States, claiming lives and escalating healthcare costs. This article seeks to contribute to social justice work on the “gun problem” by studying gun collectives. To understand gun culture and to identify gun violence reduction strategies, we study places where gun owners organize – legal (and sometimes illegal) settings that facilitate dialogue about gun issues. Based on participant observation and collaborative event ethnography at gun shows and a private shooting party, this analysis presents findings about the practices gun collective members use to manage stigma. We conclude that when participants in gun events attempt to subvert core stigma through everyday stigma management practices, they effectively facilitate the unfettered exchange of potentially dangerous goods, promote the invisibility of oppressive structures, and normalize violence.
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42

Lynch, Kellie R., and TK Logan. "“You Better Say Your Prayers and Get Ready”: Guns Within the Context of Partner Abuse." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 4 (November 5, 2015): 686–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515613344.

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The present study used focus groups to collect qualitative data to better understand the complexity of how women with domestic violence experiences feel about gun violence and protections from gun violence within the context of partner violence. Participants consisted of 42 women who were recruited through domestic violence shelters and programs in a single U.S. state. Three main themes were examined in the focus group discussions: (a) guns used within the context of partner abuse, (b) victims using guns as protection from an abuser, and (c) mandated gun restrictions as protection in partner abuse. A total of nine subthemes were organized under the three general themes. Within the first main theme, participants discussed that although abuse occurs with and without guns, guns are uniquely dangerous. In the second main theme, participants expressed concern regarding the dangers of using a gun for self-defense as well as the individual right to own a gun for self-defense. In the third main theme, participants expressed their frustrations that victims are not taken seriously by the justice system and the difficulties of enforcing mandated gun restrictions. The findings have implications for developing protective strategies against gun violence for victims of partner violence.
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43

Kottke, Thomas E. "Promoting the Public's Health with Personal Commitment and Gun Safety Policies." Creative Nursing 27, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/crnr-d-21-00014.

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The high level of gun violence in the United States is unique. Self-harm is the leading reason for death from a gun in the white population, and homicide is the leading reason for death from a gun in the Black population. Because three-quarters of gun owners say they could never see themselves not owning a gun, and half of gun owners say owning a gun is important to their overall identity, the path to reducing deaths and other harm from guns is narrow and must be tread with knowledge and skill. The experience of other countries and that of states like Connecticut and Indiana is evidence that gun safety laws — in particular, universal background checks and extreme risk protection orders — can reduce deaths and injury due to gun violence. Safe storage for firearms, preferably out of the home, also reduces the risk of death and injury from guns. The goal of this article, after briefly describing the intensity and causes of gun violence in the United States, is to give the reader some basic tools to become an effective advocate for gun safety and gun violence reduction.
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44

Obeng, Cecilia S., and Sean M. Bowman. "Parents’ Perspectives on Curbing Gun Violence among Children in Three Counties in Indiana." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v11i1.1514.

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The occurrence of fatalities associated with gun violence among children, as reported in the media, makes studying gun violence and its prevention among children a priority. The purpose of this study was to investigate parents’ views on gun violence and whether gun safety education should be provided in schools. Thematic analysis was conducted on open-ended questions and descriptive statistics for closedended questions. Of the 200 participants, 79% (n= 158) of them indicated that gun safety instructions should be taught in schools, whereas 21% (n= 42) disapproved. Forty-five percent of the 158 participants who agreed to gun safety education suggested that police/military personnel teach gun safety to children. Overall, the parents questioned believed that gun safety education would help children to understand the seriousness of this issue. Some parents were not in favor of gun safety education. However, because the overwhelming majority was in favor of it, it is important for stakeholders in schools to consider offering it as one possible way to reduce gun violence among children.
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45

O'Neil, K. "Research shows gun owners support gun-violence prevention." Science 352, no. 6289 (May 26, 2016): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.352.6289.1069.

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46

Beseler, Cheryl, Kimberly J. Mitchell, Lisa M. Jones, Heather A. Turner, Sherry Hamby, and Roy Wade. "The Youth Firearm Risk and Safety Tool (Youth-FiRST): Psychometrics and Validation of a Gun Attitudes and Violence Exposure Assessment Tool." Violence and Victims 35, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 635–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vv-d-19-00085.

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This study reports on the development of a comprehensive assessment of exposure to guns and gun-related violence for evaluating the risk of gun-related trauma. Gun access, gun attitudes, gun safety education, and exposure to gun violence were measured. Participants were 630 youth, aged 2–17. Youth, ages 10–17, completed a self-report survey and caregivers of young children, ages 2–9, completed the survey as a proxy for that child. The youth were from urban (n = 286) and rural (n = 344) areas. Factor analysis, item response theory, and structural equation modeling were used. Two factors described access to guns, two factors described gun attitudes, and a single construct captured gun safety education. The gun violence exposure factor showed strong associations with trauma symptomatology. The individual constructs showed good psychometric properties and measurement noninvariance by urbanicity.
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47

Wamser-Nanney, Rachel, John T. Nanney, Erich Conrad, and Joseph I. Constans. "Childhood trauma exposure and gun violence risk factors among victims of gun violence." Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000410.

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48

Slovak, Karen, and Mark Singer. "Gun Violence Exposure and Trauma Among Rural Youth." Violence and Victims 16, no. 4 (January 2001): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.16.4.389.

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This study compared rural youth exposed to gun violence and rural youth not exposed to gun violence on a number of variables: anger, anxiety, dissociation, depression, posttraumatic stress, total trauma, violent behavior, parental monitoring, and levels of violence in the home, school, and community. One-fourth (25%) of the rural youth in this study reported having been exposed to gun violence at least once. Youth exposed to gun violence reported significantly more anger, dissociation, posttraumatic stress, and total trauma. In addition, youth exposed to the violence of guns reported significantly higher levels of violent behaviors and exposure to violence in other settings and also reported lower levels of parental monitoring. The present study contributes to the growing body of literature addressing the stereotype that rural communities are not immune to the violence of firearms. This stereotype acts as a barrier to mental health practice, research, and policy issues in rural communities.
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49

Jamieson, Patrick E., and Daniel Romer. "The association between the rise of gun violence in popular US primetime television dramas and homicides attributable to firearms, 2000–2018." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): e0247780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247780.

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Injuries and fatalities due to firearms are a major burden on public health in the US. The rise in gun violence in popular movies has been suggested as a potential cultural influence on this behavior. Nevertheless, homicide rates have not increased over recent decades in the US, suggesting that media portrayals have had little influence on gun violence. Here we challenge this interpretation by examining trends in the proportion of violence that are attributable to firearms, a measure that should be more sensitive to media violence. In addition, we examine trends in the portrayal of guns in popular television (TV) dramas, which are viewed more frequently than movies. We ask (a) whether gun violence has increased in these TV shows not only on an absolute basis but also as a proportion of violent scenes and (b) whether trends in gun portrayal on these shows are associated with corresponding trends in the proportion of real-world violence attributable to firearms in the US from 2000 to 2018. To answer these questions, we coded annual instances of violence, gun violence, and proportion of violence involving guns for each 5-minute segment of 33 popular TV dramas in the police, medical, and legal genres from 2000 to 2018. Trends in annual rates of violence, gun violence and proportion of violence involving guns were determined over the study period and were compared to annual rates of homicide attributable to firearms in three age groups: 15–24, 25–34 and 35 and older. Although violence on TV dramas peaked in 2011, gun use steadily increased over the study period both in absolute terms and in relation to other violent methods. The latter metric paralleled trends in homicides attributable to firearms for all three age groups, with the strongest relationship for youth ages 15–24 (R2 = .40, P = .003). The positive relation between relative amount of TV violence involving guns and actual homicides due to firearms, especially among youth, is consistent with the hypothesis that entertainment media are contributing to the normative acceptance of guns for violent purposes. Future research is needed to study the influence of media violence on gun acquisition at the individual level.
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Kleck, Gary, Tomislav Kovandzic, and Jon Bellows. "Does Gun Control Reduce Violent Crime?" Criminal Justice Review 41, no. 4 (October 4, 2016): 488–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016816670457.

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Do gun control laws reduce violence? To answer this question, a city-level cross-sectional analysis was performed on data pertaining to every U.S. city with a population of at least 25,000 in 1990 ( n = 1,078), assessing the impact of 19 major types of gun control laws, and controlling for gun ownership levels and numerous other possible confounders. Models were estimated using instrumental variables (IVs) regression to address endogeneity of gun levels due to reverse causality. Results indicate that gun control laws generally show no evidence of effects on crime rates, possibly because gun levels do not have a net positive effect on violence rates. Although a minority of laws seem to show effects, they are as likely to imply violence-increasing effects as violence-decreasing effects. There were, however, a few noteworthy exceptions: requiring a license to possess a gun and bans on purchases of guns by alcoholics appear to reduce rates of both homicide and robbery. Weaker evidence suggests that bans on gun purchases by criminals and on possession by mentally ill persons may reduce assault rates, and that bans on gun purchase by criminals may also reduce robbery rates.
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