Academic literature on the topic 'Gurage'

Magister Artium - MA<br>Ethiopian ethnic groups exhibit highly autochthonous cultural norms and values that are embedded in their traditional beliefs, systems, and religions. This study shows how, at the grassroots level, the Gurage ethnic group in Ethiopia, uses culturally legitimate forms of conflict resolution practices to mobilize and reinforce gender hierarchies, and how the discourses of culture, custom, tradition, social stability and cohesion are connected to gendered power relations. The study provides an analysis of how discourses of culture in African contexts influence, and become a compelling framework for both men and women to define themselves in institutions of marriage, and in related practices of conflict resolution and mediation.Drawing on a rich body of Southern African theory and analysis and by deploying it in relation to marriage in the Ethiopian context, the research shows that customary practices of conflict resolution have been one of the central Ethiopian definitions of authentic culture. Ethiopia, unlike the rest of Africa, reveals many complexities in exploring popular mechanisms and institutions that are very convincingly ''pre-colonial''. At present, these are manifested through cynicism towards western culture, reluctance to readily embrace it, and an accentuated sense of national pride shaped through the struggle against hovering ethnocentricism, imperialism and neo-imperialism. The research explores the dynamics of power that influence married couples' decisions about where and how they should resolve their martial disputes, and in selecting between the formal justice system and customary mediating mechanism. First-hand information was gathered from women and customary leaders, via participatory methodologies, and the data served as input to explain why and how discourses of culture are being mobilized so powerfully to reinforce gender hierarchies in Ethiopia. The research findings evidently show how ''culture'' is ''made real'' and authentic for Ethiopians, particularly for members of the Gurage ethnic group, through the dealings of popular cultural practices: the resolution of marital conflicts. I argue that marital conflict resolution in Gurage is an elaborate practice that validates patriarchal agenda, overseen by male elders, to regulate problems within individual marriages. The research problematised the recognition of ''customary practice'' in the Constitution as alternative systems by presenting the limited rights Gurage women have as opposed to the ''freedom of choice'' that is granted in the Constitution. The case reveals the difficulty of having two laws that have different understanding of human rights.

The major aim of this work is to give an overview of present tense copula constructions in selected Semitic and Cushitic languages spoken in Ethiopia. In particular, we deal with languages spoken in the central parts of the country, namely Gurage languages of different genetic affiliations, Wellegga Oromo and K’abeena. In addition we discuss data from Ge’ez, Tigre, Tigrinya, Argobba, Amharic and Harari.

In this study, farm forestry decision criteria were elicited by adopting a behavioral decision-making study approach from households in ten Peasant Associations of the study district. Major decision objectives, available alternatives, constraints, and the likelihood of the chance events were elicited through a questionnaire survey, participatory observation, detailed discussion, and review of archival information. It was found that farmers generally, plant various tree and shrub species for meeting various household needs and for generating cash incomes. The goal of cash generation is for sustenance of livelihoods through fulfillment of various basic obligations and overcoming unforeseen contingencies. The three most economically important tree/shrub species were eucalypts, coffee, and t?chat. Eucalypt wood covers nearly all the construction needs and constitutes a substantial part of the fuelwood consumptions. Coffee and t?chat are vital sources of cash income and makeup an important part of daily diets. Growing of eucalypts for cash income is mainly constrained by lack of access road, low farm gate prices, high competition with food crops for soil nutrients and moisture, and shortage of land and labor. The household uses and cash values of coffee are generally, undermined by high incidence of berry disease and lack of manure. Financial benefits of t?chat are weakened by high local tax rates. The logistic regression analysis confirms that agro-ecological zone, sex of household head, number of eucalypt trees owned, and age of household head represent important explanatory variables that explain farmers readiness to expand eucalypt woodlots. The model so constructed correctly predicted 84.1 % of the households that established additional eucalypt woodlots mainly for cash generation. The total number of eucalypt trees owned by households is significantly related to the attitude of the household head towards eucalypts, wealth status, and landholding size of the household. Financial viability of eucalypt woodlots was assessed through both methods of conventional economic calculations and Chayanovian calculations. Both methods confirmed the highly lucrative markets of eucalypt poles as compared to agricultural crop production. This is mainly because of lack of access to more profitable production techniques and low productivity of agricultural crops per unit area. Otherwise, farm gate prices of eucalypt poles are far from being attractive and outperforming that of agricultural crops.

The gap between CGRAs and ASIC designs is a major issue for all digital designers. The main objective of the following thesis is developing a method to customize the design according to the application to increase performance and decrease the area of the chip. although there are commercial high level synthesis tools which are able to synthesis an algorithmic level description of an application to ASIC, how ever they are not able to generate recon gurable hardware operating as multi-mode ASIC. In this project a tool has been developed which sweeps the design space between the fully recon gurable CGRA hardware template and ASIC. this tool generates a customized hardware based on the implemented applications and user speci cations by eliminating unused/unwanted components of the design. FFT and CP algorithms are used in this research in order to have some solid results for area and power consumption of the customized design. The results shows up to 44 percent reduction in area of a fabric containing both CP and 2048 points FFT and 20 percent reduction in power consumption for 2048 Point FFT on the very same fabric. Developing this approach on CGRAs can enable designers to have their ASIC designs just by implementing an algorithm on the fabric and then receive a customized fabric close to ASIC with some small automatic steps.

Submitted by Automação e Estatística (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-08-02T15:35:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RiccelliDeAraujoMedeiros_DISSERT.pdf: 18597261 bytes, checksum: 74b5151015c00fe55e1b3876ca1e2d2f (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by clediane guedes (clediane@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-08-03T12:04:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RiccelliDeAraujoMedeiros_DISSERT.pdf: 18597261 bytes, checksum: 74b5151015c00fe55e1b3876ca1e2d2f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T12:04:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RiccelliDeAraujoMedeiros_DISSERT.pdf: 18597261 bytes, checksum: 74b5151015c00fe55e1b3876ca1e2d2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-05<br>A pesquisa busca o entendimento dos circuitos comunicacionais na produção de sentidos a partir de um acontecimento envolvendo a imagem de uma professora da rede pública estadual do RN, chamada Amanda Gurgel, que protagonizou um fenômeno comunicacional por meio de uma narrativa durante uma audiência pública na Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Norte, em maio de 2011. No momento que ocorria um movimento paredista entre professores da rede estadual de ensino e o poder público, o relato da professora alcançou vários espaços a partir de um vídeo postado no Youtube. Com interesse de compreender o espalhamento de notícias, a pesquisa objetiva-se também entender de que maneira a identidade da personagem foi enquadrada no universo midiático. A proposta visa ao mesmo tempo identificar a representatividade da professora como fenômeno comunicacional, buscando embasamento nas discussões sobre acontecimento do filósofo francês Louis Quéré e da pesquisadora brasileira Vera Regina Veiga França; das proposições sobre os circuitos comunicacionais do pesquisador José Luiz Braga; nas teorias de representação e enquadramento de Erving Goffman e de identidade de Stuart Hall.<br>The present research seeks the understanding of communication circuits in the production of meaning from an event involving the image of Amanda Gurgel, teacher of a public school of Rio Grande do Norte. The teacher starred a communication event through a narrative at a public hearing happened in the Legislative Assembly of the RN on May 10th, 2011. At the time, it happened a striker movement among teachers of state schools and the government. The teacher's report reached several media spaces started from a video posted on Youtube as a live interview of the teacher on the news RNTV 1st Edition on May 19th of that year, broadcast by InterTV Cabugi, an affiliate of the Globo Television Network. She has also participated for 25 minutes live on “Domingão do Faustão” a Globo Television program broadcasted on 22nd May of that year. With interest to understand the circulation of news around this event, the research aims to check how the image of Amanda Gurgel was framed by local television news and also on entertainment programs with national coverage. The proposal aims to identify the representativeness of the teacher in communication circuits, seeking theoretical basis in discussions about events of the French philosopher Louis Quéré and Brazilian researcher Vera Regina Veiga France, the propositions on the communication circuits of the researcher José Luiz Braga, theories representation and framing of Canadian anthropologist and sociologist Erving Goffman, in studies of image from professor Adilson Citelli, and the contribution of Henry Jenkins and Clifford Geertz discussions.