Academic literature on the topic 'Gustafsson Limit'

Light microscopy has many advantages and several disadvantages. One of the advantages is that different wavelengths are perceived as different colors, and with the proper use of dyes, filters, etc. several different structures can be imaged in the same object. One the major disadvantages is that the resolution is limited by the wavelength, a limit known as the diffraction barrier. Several recently-developed techniques have allowed light microscopy to “break” the diffraction barrier, a phenomenon known as “super-resolution.” Lothar Schermelleh, Peter Carlton, Sebastian Haase, Lin Shao, Lukman Winoto, Peter Kner, Brian Burke, Cristina Cardoso, David Agard, Mats Gustafsson, Heinhrich Leonardt, and John Sedat have created a new microscope that not only achieves super-resolution, but creates images in 3 dimensions and multiple colors. Not only that, but preparing specimens to examine with this microscope uses conventional methods, and they claim the microscope is easy to use!

Room. R., Bloomfield, K., Gmel, G., Grittner, U., Gustafsson, N.-K., Mäkelä, P., Österberg, E., Ramstedt, M., Rehm, J. & Wicki, M. (2013). What happened to alcohol consumption and problems in the Nordic countries when alcohol taxes were decreased and borders opened? International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 77-87. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.58 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.58)Aims: The study tests the effects of reductions in alcohol taxation and increases in travellers’ allowances on alcohol consumption and related harm in Denmark, Finland, and southern Sweden. In late 2003 and early 2004, taxes on alcoholic beverages were reduced in Denmark and Finland, and the abolition of quantitative quotas on alcohol import for personal use from other European Union countries made cheaper alcohol more available in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.Method: Analyses of routine statistical register data and summaries of results from longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional population surveys and other previous analyses, with northern Sweden as a control site for secular trends.Results: Contrary to expectations, alcohol consumption—as based on register data—increased only in Finland and not in Denmark and southern Sweden, and self-reported survey data did not show an increase in any site. In Finland, alcohol-attributable harms in register data increased, especially in people with low socio-economic status. Few such effects were found in Denmark and southern Sweden. Neither did results for self-reported alcohol-attributable problems show any general increases in the three sites. These results remained after controlling for regression to the mean and modelling of drop-outs.Conclusions: Harms measured in register data did tend to increase in the short term with the policy change, particularly in Finland, where the tax changes were broader. But reducing price and increasing availability does not always increase alcohol consumption and harm. Effects are dampened in affluent societies, and other factors may intervene. The results for Finland also suggest some limits for general population surveys in testing for relatively small policy effects.

Penentuan darjah keabelanan bagi suatu kumpulan tak abelan telah diperkenalkan untuk kumpulan simetri oleh Erdos dan Turan [1]. Dalam tahun 1973, Gustafson [2] mengkajinya bagi kumpulan terhingga sementara MacHale [3] mengkajinya bagi gelanggang terhingga dalam tahun 1976. Dalam kajian ini, beberapa keputusan yang berkaitan dengan Pn(G), kebarangkalian bahawa suatu unsur rawak dengan kuasa ke–n dalam suatu kumpulan pusat–2 G adalah kalis tukar tertib dengan unsur rawak yang lain dalam kumpulan yang sama, akan diberikan. Seterusnya, batas atas bagi P2(G) diperoleh. Kata kunci: Teori kebarangkalian, teori kumpulan, kumpulan terhingga, kalis tukar tertib The determination of the abelianness of a nonabelian group has been introduced for symmetric groups by Erdos & Turan [1]. In 1973, Gustafson [2] did this research for the finite groups while MacHale [3] determined the abelianness for finite rings in 1976. In this research, some results on Pn(G), the probability that the n–th power of a random element in a 2–central group G commutes with another random element from the same group, will be presented. Furthermore, the upper limit of P2(G) is obtained. Key words: Probability theory, group theory, finite group, commutative

A right difference in agricultural areas is the primary necessity for any sector-primarily based implementation together with estimating agricultural subsidies. Improved decision remote sensing image currently offer higher useful geographic records to delineate regions; however, their automatic managing is tedious. Its miles therefore critical to increase strategies that permit this activity to be completed right away. In any such process, a novel approach named improving the Enhanced Gustafson-Kessel-Like clustering (EGKL) version explores the use of a pc-mastering device to define agrarian areas. The current method seems for limits as either segment corners or linear traits are adjoining regions of small variation all the time series. Nearby everyday deviations from all images a while are coupled, ensuing in a sequence of extended directional edge filters. Even though, in order beautify the excellent of boundary delineation, this advised paintings is merged with sequential features of small variability across the time collection, which includes the standard deviation (STD), Near-Infra Red (NIR) band, or an index along with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), or band ratios (particularly for hill us of a), or important component images. A photograph evaluation of the effects obtained with the aid of a methodology relevant to two fields of an excessive-resolution satellite image of the fractured agricultural landscape shows that it is helpful to apply the guide vector machines technique for such a task. Finally, the experimental results reveal that the proposed segmentation method is more efficient than the existing segmentation techniques in factors of each quantitative overall performance metrics and appropriateness for land-use classification.

Actuellement, les objets communicants sans fils occupent une place prépondérante. Pour faciliter leur utilisation, ces objets sont de plus en plus petits et nécessitent de très petites antennes. Cette miniaturisation d'antennes implique forcément une détérioration de leurs performances. La conception d'antennes électriquement petites (AEP) nécessite une très bonne compréhension théorique des mécanismes électromagnétiques mis en jeu notamment quelles limites précises peut-on atteindre pour une AEP étant circonscrive dans un volume donné. Un des paramètres essentiels d'une AEP est son facteur de qualité intrinsèque qui est inversement proportionnel à sa bande passante en impédance. Ainsi, maximiser la bande passante en impédance d'une antenne consiste à minimiser son facteur de qualité. Face à ce problème, de nombreux travaux ont été développés pour déterminer les limites possibles pour des AEP. C'est dans ce cadre que s'inscrit le premier axe de recherche de la thèse : étudier le facteur de qualité d'AEP, afin de déterminer s'il existe des dimensions optimales permettant de s'approcher de ces limites. Le second axe de recherche a consisté à étudier des AEP fonctionnant à 2,45 GHz pour des implants biomédicaux. Celles-ci sont imprimées sur de nouveaux types de substrat pour avoir une meilleure résolution de trace métallique favorisant une réduction de l'encombrement, et une intégration facilitant ainsi les interconnexions avec les frontaux RF. Le challenge consiste à maximiser les performances de ces antennes. Plusieurs prototypes ont été réalisés pour valider les simulations.