Academic literature on the topic 'Guyana – Climate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Guyana – Climate"
Cottereau, Julien. "La brume de poussières sahariennes aux Antilles françaises et en Guyane." La Météorologie, no. 110 (2020): 034. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2020-0068.
Full textHickey, Catherine, and Tony Weis. "The challenge of climate change adaptation in Guyana." Climate and Development 4, no. 1 (January 2012): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2012.661036.
Full textHook, Andrew. "Following REDD+: Elite agendas, political temporalities, and the politics of environmental policy failure in Guyana." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 4 (September 20, 2019): 999–1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619875665.
Full textVaughn, Sarah E. "Disappearing Mangroves: The Epistemic Politics of Climate Adaptation in Guyana." Cultural Anthropology 32, no. 2 (May 12, 2017): 242–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca32.2.07.
Full textGoslee, Katherine M., Timothy R. H. Pearson, Blanca Bernal, Sophia L. Simon, and Hansrajie Sukhdeo. "Comprehensive Accounting for REDD+ Programs: A Pragmatic Approach as Exemplified in Guyana." Forests 11, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121265.
Full textRoopsind, Anand, Brent Sohngen, and Jodi Brandt. "Evidence that a national REDD+ program reduces tree cover loss and carbon emissions in a high forest cover, low deforestation country." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 49 (November 18, 2019): 24492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904027116.
Full textJaipaul, Jonathan D., Devya Hemraj, and Samantha Providence-Forrester. "The Effects of Rising Water Temperatures on Poecilia reticulata Native to Guyana." Book of Abstracts: Student Research 1 (November 4, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52377/dprl8943.
Full textMycoo, Michelle A. "Autonomous household responses and urban governance capacity building for climate change adaptation: Georgetown, Guyana." Urban Climate 9 (September 2014): 134–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2014.07.009.
Full textVaughn, Sarah E. "Imagining the Ordinary in Participatory Climate Adaptation." Weather, Climate, and Society 9, no. 3 (June 16, 2017): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-16-0118.1.
Full textLakenarine, Rovindra, Diana Seecharran, and Mark Ram. "Impacts of Climate Change on Farmers and their Adaptive Strategies along the Essequibo Coast, Guyana." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 10, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): p9861. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.02.2020.p9861.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Guyana – Climate"
Mahdu, Omchand. "The Impacts of Climate Change on Rice Production and Small Farmers' Adaptation: A Case of Guyana." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89087.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy
The vast majority of climate change impacts on rice production result from variations in rainfall and temperature that lead to flooding, water shortage, and increases in insects and pests, diseases, and weeds. Guyana is highly exposed to climate change. More importantly, the country relies heavily on rice farming for food, employment, and foreign income. Of particular importance are the impacts of climate change on small farmers (growing less than 4.45 hectares) and their ability to successfully adapt. Small farmers are especially helpless because they often lack the necessary knowledge, support, and resources to effectively respond and adapt. Given the large percentage of rice farmers engaged in small-scale production in Guyana, this study explores the impacts of climate variability on rice production and the extent to which the production and output of small farmers are affected. Analysis of farm-level data shows that changes in rainfall have included an increase in intensity and out of season rainfall which has affected harvesting due to poor farm-to market roads, wet fields, and lodging of plants. The main responses involved adjusting planting dates based on water availability and the cultivation of different rice varieties. Changes in temperature resulted in hotter days which increased the loss of water from the field. In response, farmers replenish water in their fields, when available. Excess rainfall and resulting flooding, drought, and heavy winds have been the main extreme weather events observed. Excess rainfall and associated flooding submerges, uproots, and/or kills young plants. The lodging of plants due to heavy winds and flooding has been the main impact. In response to flooding, farmers have pumped water out of their fields. There is very little that farmers can do in response to heavy winds. An increase in paddy bug infestations damaged the grains resulting in lower grain quality while an increase in red rice and duckweed increased the competition for space, sunlight, nutrients, and water. Farmers engaged in more defensive spraying and used a contact chemical to burn red rice.
Bourreau, Damien. "Etude de faisabilité d'un lamellé-collé endémique en Guyane française." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0484/document.
Full textA feasibility study of glued-laminated timber beams was carried out in French Guiana using local wood species. The aim of the study was to evaluate the gluing parameters that could ensure good mechanical properties for the manufactured glued-laminated beams in tropical climates. Three abundant wood species with different specific gravity were selected for the study. Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde and Resorcinol-Phenol-Formaldehyde resins were used for gluing. The three gluing parameters considered are: adhesive spread rate, closing assembly time and gluing pressure.Using European standards, several laboratory tests were performed on normalized samples. The evaluation of a successful lamella’s gluing was done by using elementary tests of delamination and shearing. A delamination test consists of two cycles of water immersion at high pressure and drying which induces severe hygroscopic variation in wood thus causing joints opening. The finger-joints are made using a standard tool usually used for cutting softwoods. The performed tests revealed the influence of wood properties and the gluing parameters on the joint resistance and the mechanical properties of the product. Results show that wood properties such as specific gravity, shrinkage coefficient, and permeation, have a high degree of influence on the gluing step especially on the gluing pressure and on the adhesive spread rate needed to produce a commercial product. Furthermore, wood with medium specific gravity needs more adhesive and more pressure than the one with high specific gravity. Additionally, the effects of other manufacturing parameters, such as planning, double or simple side glue spreading and lamellae thicknesses, on the glue joint resistance were demonstrated. Finally, the common tools used for softwoods are not adapted to making the finger joints with tropical hardwoods.In conclusion, optimal gluing parameters for manufacturing glued-laminated timber beams in French Guiana were established and an economical study using standard glued-laminated timber beams revealed the economic conditions under which a successful manufacturing of these local beams can be implemented in French Guiana
Vallée, Vincent. "Changements à long terme de la structure et de la diversité des peuplements de poissons de fond du plateau continental de Guyane Functional richness and turnover patterns reveal assembly rules structuring marine fish communities on the continental shelf of French Guiana Diversity recovery and temperature induced species shift in tropical marine fish communities after a trawling fishery collapse Local and regional assembly rules on a long time period in marine fish communities on the continental shelf of French Guiana." Thesis, Guyane, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020YANE0004.
Full textIn the actual context of overfishing and climate change we need to develop an ecosystem-based management of fisheries. This thesis work will try to bring answers to this issue by analyzing community assembly and the impact of French Guiana’s fishery on fish communities. As most of tropical regions, coastal waters in French Guiana have been subjected to an increase in temperature around 1°C between 1990 and 2017. However, as for only a few regions in the world, fishing pressure has collapsed in French Guiana during the same period. This case study is therefore a good opportunity to understand how tropical fish communities have responded to a progressive decreasing fishing pressure on a large scale and under climate change constraints. The aim of this work is to provide useful information for tropical fisheries with similar characteristics which tend to a more efficient ecosystem-based management with lower fishing pressure. The study showed that the environment plays a dominant role in community structure and that it has become more important over time. Results showed also significant increases in several diversity indices and an increase in theoretical maximum size spectra of surveyed fish which indicates a restructuring of communities. This recovery is associated with an increase of functional redundancy which is a key factor for the stability of ecosystems. Global results showed a great recovery capacity towards a richer and more stable state of communities in a relatively short period of time around 10 years
Flamand, Claude. "Etude des déterminants climatiques et environnementaux de la dengue en Guyane française." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS256.
Full textDengue is the most prioritized infectious disease in French Guiana with an intense mobilization of public health authorities. In this context, the improvement of knowledge on the climatic, environmental and demographic determinants of dengue transmission is a necessary condition to the development of epidemic prediction model for the planning of control activities at each level of organization of the territory. This thesis had two objectives: i) assess the effect of climatic and environmental factors on dengue spread; ii) develop prediction models of epidemic to anticipate and plan prevention and control activities. We used complementary statistical, data mining and modeling tools to show that climatic and environmental factors interplay with dengue incidence differently at different territory scales. A predictive model with a good performance was developped considering the whole territory of French Guiana. This model indicates that a dengue epidemic is likely to occur in 2016
Jagadesh, Soushieta. "Biogeography of Emerging Infectious Diseases In search for the hotspots of Disease X: A biogeographic approach to mapping the predictive risk of WHO’s Blueprint Priority Diseases Emerging human infectious diseases of aquatic origin: a comparative biogeographic approach using Bayesian spatial modelling Global emergence of Buruli Ulcer Spatial variations between Leishmania species: A biogeographic approach to mapping the distribution of Leishmania species in French Guiana Mapping priority neighborhoods: A novel approach to cluster identification in HIV/AIDS population." Thesis, Guyane, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020YANE0007.
Full textThe COVID-19 pandemic highlights that the spread of infectious diseases goes beyond geographical boundaries. Simultaneous changes in local biodiversity and land use, the increasing international connectivity through human transport and trade and the imminent threat of climate change have increased the risk of the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases. The current public health response to emerging infectious diseases (EID) by passive surveillance has proven largely ineffective in preventing and controlling disease outbreaks. The way toward is to “get ahead of the curve” by identifying potential hotspots of disease emergence and detecting the environmental triggers such as land transformation, biodiversity loss and climate change. I used a biogeographic approach to study and analyze disease emergence across different taxonomic pathogen groups such as bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal, globally and in French Guiana, a French Overseas territory located in South America. I found that regions at risk of floods, recent conversion of forest to agricultural lands and increasing minimum temperature (i.e. temperature at night) caused by cli mate change were drivers for disease emergence locally and globally across the different pathogen groups. The main findings of the PhD thesis are the following:1. Biogeographic approach to mapping the distribution of EIDs with using existing human cases data, remote sensing imagery and unconventional statistical models is effective to “get ahead of the curve” in the detection of regions at risk and the management of EIDs.2. EIDs are not unprecedented but predictable by identifying and managing the triggers of disease emergence, which have a direct link with the anthropization of the environment
Cailleaud, Emilie. "Cycles du carbone et de l’azote et émissions de gaz à effet de serre (CH4, CO2 et N2O) du lac de barrage de Petit Saut et du fleuve Sinnamary en aval du barrage (Guyane Française)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30379.
Full textInland waters are sources of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In order to define their importance in the global balance of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, numerous studies have been conducted to quantify the different fluxes of the carbon and nitrogen browsing them. These fluxes are modified by the creation of dams on river beds. Few studies present full carbon and nitrogen balances (inputs, outputs, fluxes to the atmosphere and sequestration) for reservoirs, and they concern only boreal and temperate ecosystems. The creation of a dam floods organic matter (OM) (soils and forests), which is rapidly degraded the first years following the impoundment and thereafter more slowly. The state of degradation of the OM and the main source of GHG in a reservoir nearly 20 years after impoundment are often unknown. The study conducted 18 years after the impoundment of the Petit Saut Reservoir (French Guiana) is the first study where the main elements of carbon and nitrogen cycles of an hydroelectric reservoir, and its river downstream, located in equatorial climate and which creation resulted in the flooding of primary forest, are studied nearly 20 years after impoundment. This study is based on (i) a monthly measurement of water quality and carbon and nitrogen concentrations upstream, in, and downstream of the reservoir, (ii) measurements and/or calculations of the different fluxes of GHG through the atmosphere, (iii) data of the isotopic signature and of the state of degradation of OM upstream, in, and downstream of the reservoir, (iv) sediments and 1994’s flooded tree trunks sampling and (v) incubations of downstream river water, sediments and tree trunks from the reservoir. All the data collected during the 12 months of campaigns carried out in 2012 - 2013 allowed us to determine that (i) flooded soils are still significant sources of GHG unlike flooded tree trunks, (ii) in the reservoir 84 % of CH4 emissions and 51 % of CO2 emissions occur in the littoral zone (< 10 m depth), (iii) 54 % of the CO2 produced in the river downstream of the dam come from the degradation of the OM provided by the reservoir. This study also allowed us to achieve carbon and nitrogen balances in Petit Saut and emission balance of each GHG emitted (CH4, CO2, N2O) nearly 20 years after impoundment
Aubry-Kientz, Mélaine. "Quelle sera la réponse des forêts tropicales humides à l’augmentation des températures et aux changements de pluviométrie ? : Modéliser la dynamique forestière pour identifier les processus sensibles en Guyane française." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0802/document.
Full textIn 2013 the intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc) publishes its fifth report. This report underlines that an increase of temperature and a strengthening of drought and extreme rainfall are expected in tropical regions. This work was made in this context of climate changes, and aimed to study the response of the rainforest to predicted climate changes. To do this, i used the data from the study site of Paracou French Guiana to build an individual based dynamics model based on the functional traits of trees. This model was first applied to species with a commercial interest in French Guiana, in natural and logged forest and adding a water stress index as predictor. Water stress decreases growth and increases mortality, while logging had the opposite effect. The model was then applied to the community in natural forest for identifying potential climate drivers and impacted processes. Growth is impacted by the water stress and temperature and mortality is imp acted by the water stress and the total rainfall. These results allowed us to build a climate dependent model of forest dynamics and to run simulations of the evolution of a community under different scenarios for the next century. Simulations showed a decrease of growth and a small decrease of mortality. This resulted in a substantial decrease of basal area, squared diameter and fresh biomass
Diallo, Mouhamet. "Estimation et prédiction de l’ensoleillement en zone intertropicale Improving the Heliosat-2 Method for Surface Solar Irradiation Estimation Under Cloudy Sky Areas Assessing GFS and IFS global weather preduction and numerical model forecast accuracy in the intertropical zone and for tropical climates Calibration of WRF irradiance in French Guiana and comparison with AROME forecasts." Thesis, Guyane, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018YANE0009.
Full textFrench Guiana is a French territory located in the inter-tropical zone (ITZ). The ITZ is an area with highly variable dynamic in which we encounter significant amounts of convective clouds. Consequently the solar energy available at the ground is highly variable. This variability causes economical and technical challenges to fully exploit this resource. This thesis dissertation aims to answer the following scientific issue: How could the solar irradiance be assessed and forecast accurately in the ITZ to increase the penetration rate of this intermittent renewable energy into the electricity grid? To answer this scientific issue, we use two tools: Heliosat-II (H-II) and Weather and research forecast (WRF). We used these tools in order to produce improved GHI estimates in the inter-tropical zone. The first chapter introduces the thesis and the research issue. The second chapter presents a modification to H-II; with this modification H-II can account for cloud absorption. The GHI estimates from modified H-II provide therefore tools for decision making in the ITZ. These tools allow one identifying the most suitable locations to install solar facilities in the ITZ with respect to both solar potential and surrounding facilities that favor grid stability. In the third chapter we study first the accuracy in the ITZ of the GHI forecasts from integrated forecast system (IFS) and global forecast system (GFS) numerical weather prediction model (NWP). We validate the accuracy of these downloaded products by comparison with ground measurements from three countries located in the ITZ that have tropical climate. This study aims to fill the gap with regard to the accuracy of global NWP model in the ITZ. Second we propose a methodology to calibrate WRF to produce improved GHI forecasts in the ITZ. The goal is to restrain and select the minimum number of simulations to run, to obtain improved GHI forecasts compared to a non-calibrated model. This methodology to calibrate WRF is validated in French Guiana by comparison with the GHI forecasts of AROME NWP model and ground measurements. The fourth chapter deals with the use of an hybrid 3D variational (3D-Var) ensemble transform Kalman filter (ENTKF) to further improve the GHI forecasts of calibrated WRF in the ITZ. This methodology originally used in the tracking of extreme convection events such as cyclones is applied for the first time for GHI forecasts. This methodology applied to the ITZ therefore allows obtaining improved GHI forecasts which makes easier monitoring the electricity production from solar facilities
Wagner, Fabien. "La réponse des forêts tropicales humides aux variations climatiques : évolution de la structure et de la dynamique des peuplements forestiers guyanais." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0481/document.
Full textAt a global scale tropical forest play a major role in term of carbon stock as well as in term of CO2 fluxes. Several studies have highlighted changes in tropical forest functioning during the last 20 years including a faster turnover and an increase of above ground biomass. The drivers of these changes are discussed and throughout this thesis we propose to contribute to this debate. We use the data from the Paracou experimental site in French Guiana established in 1984 on 120 hectares of moist tropical forest. Meteorological data come from the flux tower of the site, Guyaflux. We use annual and bisannual diameter measurements from the Guyafor database, and intra-annual diameter increments from the measurements of 260 trees near the flux tower.This thesis has two main parts. In the first part we present the biomass analysis of the Paracou permanent plots and the impact of structural changes in this forest on the carbon budget. The first part is constituted by two points. (i) Which temporal and spatial scale used to analyze the structure (biomass, basal area and stem density) and dynamics (tree growth, recruitment and mortality)components of tropical forest in order to minimized sample bias ? We establish a simple method to rely measurement interval between census and surface of measurement to the coefficient of variation of forests structure and dynamic components (ii) Which demographic process are involved in the explanation of biomass variation and how the biomass is distributed in the system ? The observed increase of biomass at Paracou could be link to the rarity of big trees mortality events. These big trees represent the larger part of the biomass. In the second part, we present the analysis of intra and inter-annual climate variation effects on forest dynamic changes. This part is divided in two points. (i) How to model drought stress in moist tropical forest ? We built a daily water balance model for tropical trees. (ii) Which climate variables explain the tree growth in guianian forests? We shown that soil water availability is the determinant factor of tree growth among a panel of climate variables. (iii) Which functional traits are involved in the tropical tree growth responses to climate? In this analysis, we determined that wood specific gravity, maximum tree height and tree diameter modulate the tree growth response to climate variations
Thévand, Adeline. "Dynamique des mangroves en contexte amazonien : de la veille mondiale au suivi des phénomènes de colonisation et de régénération, étude par télédétection et analyse in situ." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30293.
Full textLand-Ocean ecotone, the mangrove covers almost all the tropical littoral. It constitutes a unique ecosystem, built by a very constraining environment. Environment with high scientific and socio-economic value, the mangrove undergoes however multiple threats. The monitoring of this ecosystem and the comprehension of it dynamic contitute priorities now. In this context, our study focuses first on the improvement of the mangrove surfaces estimates at world level and on the monitoring of their evolution, by tremote sensing. The importance of the near infra-red for the mangroves identification was then highlighted. We then specially study an area of high hydro-sedimentary dynamic: mangroves under the Amazon river influence. From the individual to the settlement, from ground monitoring to remote sensing data analysis, we then characterized the dynamic of these mangroves through two key-phases: - The settlement growth after colonization of a new environment (example of the mud banks in French uiana): The role of microtopography for the seedlings establishment, the growth phenomena and the phenology of the young individuals were specified. - The regeneration of the adult mangrove (example of forest gap in Brazil): The distribution of the seedlings inside gaps and the importance there still of microtopography were observed. The possibilities of gap cartography by remote sensing were explored. Close connections between sedimentological cycles and biological cycles were thus highlighted. Our use of varied remote sensing data, from optical low resolution to Lidar, takes part in a better use of these technics for the study and the monitoring of the mangrove ecosystems
Book chapters on the topic "Guyana – Climate"
Kalamandeen, Michelle. "Indigenous Rights, Conservation, and Climate Change Strategies in Guyana." In Conservation Biology, 97–104. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118679838.ch12.
Full textCole, David, Ryan Pereira, and James Spray. "Gamification and Virtual Reality for Communicating Ecoliteracy and Climate Science: Carbon Transport in the Essequibo River at Iwokrama Guyana." In Transforming Society and Organizations through Gamification, 151–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68207-1_9.
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