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Abel, R. J. R., Norman J. Finizio, and Malcolm Greig. "(3,6) GWhD(v)—existence results." Discrete Mathematics 261, no. 1-3 (January 2003): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(02)00457-0.
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Abel, R. Julian R., Norman J. Finizio, Malcolm Greig, and Luis B. Morales. "Existence of (2, 8) GWhD(v) and (4, 8) GWhD(v) with $${v \equiv 0,1 (mod 8)}$$." Designs, Codes and Cryptography 51, no. 1 (November 6, 2008): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10623-008-9245-z.
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Ito, Ryuji, Hajime Nobuhara, and Shigeru Kato. "Transfer Learning Method for Object Detection Model Using Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 26, no. 5 (September 20, 2022): 776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2022.p0776.
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This paper proposes a transfer learning method for an object detection model using a genetic algorithm to solve the difficulty of the conventional transfer learning of deep learning-based object detection models. The genetic algorithm of the proposed method can select the re-learning layers automatically in the transfer learning process instead of a trial-and-error selection of the conventional method. Transfer learning was performed using the EfficientDet-d0 model pre-trained on the COCO dataset and the Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD) dataset, and experiments were conducted to compare fine-tuning and the proposed method. Using the training data and the validation data of the GWHD, we compare the mean average precision (mAP) of the models trained by the conventional and the proposed methods, respectively, on the test data of the GWHD. It is confirmed that the model trained by the proposed method has higher performance than the model trained by the conventional method. The average of mAP of the proposed method, which automatically selects the re-learning layer (≈0.603), is higher than the average of mAP of the conventional method (≈0.594). Furthermore, the standard deviation of results obtained by the proposed method is smaller than that of the conventional method, and it shows the stable learning process of the proposed method.
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Kalluri, Ramadevi, and Prabha Selvaraj. "An image analysis technique for wheat head count detection using machine learning." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 5 (October 1, 2024): 3515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i5.7255.
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Deep learning (DL) techniques have significantly enhanced the potential for wheat head detection in recent times. The different development phases of canopy, genotype, wheat heads, and wheat head orientation provide considerable obstacles. The overlapping density of wheat heads and wind- induced picture blurring complicate wheat head recognition. This study describes an effective wheat head detection and counting method. Due to its high throughput in agricultural field analysis, remote sensing phenotyping has grown in popularity. Applying DL methods for image processing and other technological advancements has increased the scope for the quantitative evaluation of various crop traits. The ability to detect and characterize wheat heads in the industry is an important part of the wheat breeding process for selecting high-yielding cultivars. The proposed method uses the Mask region-based convolutional neural network (RCNN) framework to detect and classify the wheat ears. The complete detection task is done in three steps: region proposal generation, region of interest alignment, and mask generation. The global wheat head detection (GWHD) dataset is used for the experimental analysis of the dataset. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 95.11% on the GWHD dataset, demonstrating its effectiveness in wheat head detection and classification tasks.
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David, Etienne, Simon Madec, Pouria Sadeghi-Tehran, Helge Aasen, Bangyou Zheng, Shouyang Liu, Norbert Kirchgessner, et al. "Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD) Dataset: A Large and Diverse Dataset of High-Resolution RGB-Labelled Images to Develop and Benchmark Wheat Head Detection Methods." Plant Phenomics 2020 (August 20, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/3521852.
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The detection of wheat heads in plant images is an important task for estimating pertinent wheat traits including head population density and head characteristics such as health, size, maturity stage, and the presence of awns. Several studies have developed methods for wheat head detection from high-resolution RGB imagery based on machine learning algorithms. However, these methods have generally been calibrated and validated on limited datasets. High variability in observational conditions, genotypic differences, development stages, and head orientation makes wheat head detection a challenge for computer vision. Further, possible blurring due to motion or wind and overlap between heads for dense populations make this task even more complex. Through a joint international collaborative effort, we have built a large, diverse, and well-labelled dataset of wheat images, called the Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD) dataset. It contains 4700 high-resolution RGB images and 190000 labelled wheat heads collected from several countries around the world at different growth stages with a wide range of genotypes. Guidelines for image acquisition, associating minimum metadata to respect FAIR principles, and consistent head labelling methods are proposed when developing new head detection datasets. The GWHD dataset is publicly available at http://www.global-wheat.com/and aimed at developing and benchmarking methods for wheat head detection.
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David, Etienne, Mario Serouart, Daniel Smith, Simon Madec, Kaaviya Velumani, Shouyang Liu, Xu Wang, et al. "Global Wheat Head Detection 2021: An Improved Dataset for Benchmarking Wheat Head Detection Methods." Plant Phenomics 2021 (September 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9846158.
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The Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD) dataset was created in 2020 and has assembled 193,634 labelled wheat heads from 4700 RGB images acquired from various acquisition platforms and 7 countries/institutions. With an associated competition hosted in Kaggle, GWHD_2020 has successfully attracted attention from both the computer vision and agricultural science communities. From this first experience, a few avenues for improvements have been identified regarding data size, head diversity, and label reliability. To address these issues, the 2020 dataset has been reexamined, relabeled, and complemented by adding 1722 images from 5 additional countries, allowing for 81,553 additional wheat heads. We now release in 2021 a new version of the Global Wheat Head Detection dataset, which is bigger, more diverse, and less noisy than the GWHD_2020 version.
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Eltarabily, Mohamed Galal, Ismail Abd-Elaty, Ahmed Elbeltagi, Martina Zeleňáková, and Ismail Fathy. "Investigating Climate Change Effects on Evapotranspiration and Groundwater Recharge of the Nile Delta Aquifer, Egypt." Water 15, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030572.
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Climate change (CC) directly affects crops’ growth stages or level of maturity, solar radiation, humidity, temperature, and wind speed, and thus crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Increased crop ETc shifts the fraction of discharge from groundwater aquifers, while long-term shifts in discharge can change the groundwater level and, subsequently, aquifer storage. The long-term effect of CC on the groundwater flow under different values of ETc was assessed for the Nile Delta aquifer (NDA) in Egypt. To quantify such impacts, numerical modeling using MODFLOW was set up to simulate the groundwater flow and differences in groundwater levels in the long term in the years 2030, 2050, and 2070. The model was initially calibrated against the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer layers of the groundwater levels in the year 2008 from 60 observation wells throughout the study area. Then, it was validated with the current groundwater levels using an independent set of data (23 points), obtaining a very good agreement between the calculated and observed heads. The results showed that the combination of solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and humidity (H) are the best variables for predicting ETc in Nile Delta zones (north, middle, and south). ETc among the whole Nile Delta will increase by 11.2, 15.0, and 19.0% for the years 2030, 2050, and 2070, respectively. Zone budget analysis revealed that the increase of ETc will decrease the inflow and the groundwater head difference (GWHD). Recharge of the aquifer will be decreased by 19.74, 27.16, and 36.84% in 2030, 2050, and 2070, respectively. The GWHD will record 0.95 m, 1.05 m, and 1.40 m in 2030, 2050, and 2070, respectively when considering the increase of ETc. This reduction will lead to a slight decline in the storage of the Nile Delta groundwater aquifer. Our findings support the decision of the designers and the policymakers to guarantee a long-term sustainable management plan of the groundwater for the NDA and deltas with similar climate conditions.
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Ojha, Grishma, Bishwambhar Dahal, Sirjana Bhatta, and Sandeep Chataut. "Comparative Analysis of Transformer-Based and CNN Models for High-Throughput Wheat Head Detection." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 6 (November 1, 2024): 784–93. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(6).70.
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Wheat head or spike detection is significant for phenotyping because it can be directly correlated to yield and is an indicator of yield potential. Historically, wheat head counting was a labor-intensive and error prone process. Use of Deep Learning (DL) techniques has automated this process allowing automated wheat head detection and counting using high resolution imagery, allowing large-scale, High Throughput Phenotyping (HTP). Despite the use of advanced technologies, wheat head detection is a challenging task due to high environmental variability, cultivar differences, and head overlap. Several attempts have been made to make the DL models more robust and the wheat head datasets more diverse to improve the detection accuracy and reliability. With the introduction of advanced DL architectures, there has been continuous improvement in accuracy of head detection. In this study, we have evaluated the performance of three different cutting-edge DL models - YOLOv10x, RetinaNet, and MM-Grounding DINO for wheat head detection. We have also combined two different wheat datasets, Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD) 2021 and SPIKE dataset to get a diverse dataset with a wide range of genotypes. This study aims to contribute to the ongoing evolution of wheat head detection techniques and provide an insight into how these three models perform for this task.
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Seemakurthy, Karthik, Charles Fox, Erchan Aptoula, and Petra Bosilj. "Domain Generalised Faster R-CNN." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 2 (June 26, 2023): 2180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i2.25312.
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Domain generalisation (i.e. out-of-distribution generalisation) is an open problem in machine learning, where the goal is to train a model via one or more source domains, that will generalise well to unknown target domains. While the topic is attracting increasing interest, it has not been studied in detail in the context of object detection. The established approaches all operate under the covariate shift assumption, where the conditional distributions are assumed to be approximately equal across source domains. This is the first paper to address domain generalisation in the context of object detection, with a rigorous mathematical analysis of domain shift, without the covariate shift assumption. We focus on improving the generalisation ability of object detection by proposing new regularisation terms to address the domain shift that arises due to both classification and bounding box regression. Also, we include an additional consistency regularisation term to align the local and global level predictions. The proposed approach is implemented as a Domain Generalised Faster R-CNN and evaluated using four object detection datasets which provide domain metadata (GWHD, Cityscapes, BDD100K, Sim10K) where it exhibits a consistent performance improvement over the baselines. All the codes for replicating the results in this paper can be found at https://github.com/karthikiitm87/domain-generalisation.git
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Liu, Chengxin, Kewei Wang, Hao Lu, and Zhiguo Cao. "Dynamic Color Transform Networks for Wheat Head Detection." Plant Phenomics 2022 (February 1, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9818452.
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Wheat head detection can measure wheat traits such as head density and head characteristics. Standard wheat breeding largely relies on manual observation to detect wheat heads, yielding a tedious and inefficient procedure. The emergence of affordable camera platforms provides opportunities for deploying computer vision (CV) algorithms in wheat head detection, enabling automated measurements of wheat traits. Accurate wheat head detection, however, is challenging due to the variability of observation circumstances and the uncertainty of wheat head appearances. In this work, we propose a simple but effective idea—dynamic color transform (DCT)—for accurate wheat head detection. This idea is based on an observation that modifying the color channel of an input image can significantly alleviate false negatives and therefore improve detection results. DCT follows a linear color transform and can be easily implemented as a dynamic network. A key property of DCT is that the transform parameters are data-dependent such that illumination variations can be corrected adaptively. The DCT network can be incorporated into any existing object detectors. Experimental results on the Global Wheat Detection Dataset (GWHD) 2021 show that DCT can achieve notable improvements with negligible overhead parameters. In addition, DCT plays an important role in our solution participating in the Global Wheat Challenge (GWC) 2021, where our solution ranks the first on the initial public leaderboard, with an Average Domain Accuracy (ADA) of 0.821, and obtains the runner-up reward on the final private testing set, with an ADA of 0.695.
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Guan, Yujie, Jiaqi Pan, Qingqi Fan, Liangliang Yang, Li Xu, and Weikuan Jia. "Generalized Focal Loss WheatNet (GFLWheatNet): Accurate Application of a Wheat Ear Detection Model in Field Yield Prediction." Agriculture 14, no. 6 (June 6, 2024): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060899.
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Wheat ear counting is crucial for calculating wheat phenotypic parameters and scientifically managing fields, which is essential for estimating wheat field yield. In wheat fields, detecting wheat ears can be challenging due to factors such as changes in illumination, wheat ear growth posture, and the appearance color of wheat ears. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of wheat ear detection and meet the demands of intelligent yield estimation, this study proposes an efficient model, Generalized Focal Loss WheatNet (GFLWheatNet), for wheat ear detection. This model precisely counts small, dense, and overlapping wheat ears. Firstly, in the feature extraction stage, we discarded the C4 feature layer of the ResNet50 and added the Convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to this location. This step maintains strong feature extraction capabilities while reducing redundant feature information. Secondly, in the reinforcement layer, we designed a skip connection module to replace the multi-scale feature fusion network, expanding the receptive field to adapt to various scales of wheat ears. Thirdly, leveraging the concept of distribution-guided localization, we constructed a detection head network to address the challenge of low accuracy in detecting dense and overlapping targets. Validation on the publicly available Global Wheat Head Detection dataset (GWHD-2021) demonstrates that GFLWheatNet achieves detection accuracies of 43.3% and 93.7% in terms of mean Average Precision (mAP) and AP50 (Intersection over Union (IOU) = 0.5), respectively. Compared to other models, it exhibits strong performance in terms of detection accuracy and efficiency. This model can serve as a reference for intelligent wheat ear counting during wheat yield estimation and provide theoretical insights for the detection of ears in other grain crops.
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Wang, Xinxin, Gerrit Polder, Marlous Focker, and Cheng Liu. "Sága, a Deep Learning Spectral Analysis Tool for Fungal Detection in Grains—A Case Study to Detect Fusarium in Winter Wheat." Toxins 16, no. 8 (August 13, 2024): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16080354.
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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a plant disease caused by various species of the Fusarium fungus. One of the major concerns associated with Fusarium spp. is their ability to produce mycotoxins. Mycotoxin contamination in small grain cereals is a risk to human and animal health and leads to major economic losses. A reliable site-specific precise Fusarium spp. infection early warning model is, therefore, needed to ensure food and feed safety by the early detection of contamination hotspots, enabling effective and efficient fungicide applications, and providing FHB prevention management advice. Such precision farming techniques contribute to environmentally friendly production and sustainable agriculture. This study developed a predictive model, Sága, for on-site FHB detection in wheat using imaging spectroscopy and deep learning. Data were collected from an experimental field in 2021 including (1) an experimental field inoculated with Fusarium spp. (52.5 m × 3 m) and (2) a control field (52.5 m × 3 m) not inoculated with Fusarium spp. and sprayed with fungicides. Imaging spectroscopy data (hyperspectral images) were collected from both the experimental and control fields with the ground truth of Fusarium-infected ear and healthy ear, respectively. Deep learning approaches (pretrained YOLOv5 and DeepMAC on Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD) dataset) were used to segment wheat ears and XGBoost was used to analyze the hyperspectral information related to the wheat ears and make predictions of Fusarium-infected wheat ear and healthy wheat ear. The results showed that deep learning methods can automatically detect and segment the ears of wheat by applying pretrained models. The predictive model can accurately detect infected areas in a wheat field, achieving mean accuracy and F1 scores exceeding 89%. The proposed model, Sága, could facilitate the early detection of Fusarium spp. to increase the fungicide use efficiency and limit mycotoxin contamination.
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Ruan, Aowei, Mengyuan Xu, Songtao Ban, Shiwei Wei, Minglu Tian, Haoxuan Yang, Annan Hu, Dong Hu, and Linyi Li. "LettuceNet: A Novel Deep Learning Approach for Efficient Lettuce Localization and Counting." Agriculture 14, no. 8 (August 20, 2024): 1412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081412.
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Traditional lettuce counting relies heavily on manual labor, which is laborious and time-consuming. In this study, a simple and efficient method for localization and counting lettuce is proposed, based only on lettuce field images acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with an RGB camera. In this method, a new lettuce counting model based on the weak supervised deep learning (DL) approach is developed, called LettuceNet. The LettuceNet network adopts a more lightweight design that relies only on point-level labeled images to train and accurately predict the number and location information of high-density lettuce (i.e., clusters of lettuce with small planting spacing, high leaf overlap, and unclear boundaries between adjacent plants). The proposed LettuceNet is thoroughly assessed in terms of localization and counting accuracy, model efficiency, and generalizability using the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Lettuce (SAAS-L) and the Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD) datasets. The results demonstrate that LettuceNet achieves superior counting accuracy, localization, and efficiency when employing the enhanced MobileNetV2 as the backbone network. Specifically, the counting accuracy metrics, including mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2), reach 2.4486, 4.0247, 0.0276, and 0.9933, respectively, and the F-Score for localization accuracy is an impressive 0.9791. Moreover, the LettuceNet is compared with other existing widely used plant counting methods including Multi-Column Convolutional Neural Network (MCNN), Dilated Convolutional Neural Networks (CSRNets), Scale Aggregation Network (SANet), TasselNet Version 2 (TasselNetV2), and Focal Inverse Distance Transform Maps (FIDTM). The results indicate that our proposed LettuceNet performs the best among all evaluated merits, with 13.27% higher R2 and 72.83% lower nRMSE compared to the second most accurate SANet in terms of counting accuracy. In summary, the proposed LettuceNet has demonstrated great performance in the tasks of localization and counting of high-density lettuce, showing great potential for field application.
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Pandey, Kusum, Shiv Kumar, Anurag Malik, and Alban Kuriqi. "Artificial Neural Network Optimized with a Genetic Algorithm for Seasonal Groundwater Table Depth Prediction in Uttar Pradesh, India." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 8932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218932.
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Accurate information about groundwater level prediction is crucial for effective planning and management of groundwater resources. In the present study, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), optimized with a Genetic Algorithm (GA-ANN), was employed for seasonal groundwater table depth (GWTD) prediction in the area between the Ganga and Hindon rivers located in Uttar Pradesh State, India. A total of 18 models for both seasons (nine for the pre-monsoon and nine for the post-monsoon) have been formulated by using groundwater recharge (GWR), groundwater discharge (GWD), and previous groundwater level data from a 21-year period (1994–2014). The hybrid GA-ANN models’ predictive ability was evaluated against the traditional GA models based on statistical indicators and visual inspection. The results appraisal indicates that the hybrid GA-ANN models outperformed the GA models for predicting the seasonal GWTD in the study region. Overall, the hybrid GA-ANN-8 model with an 8-9-1 structure (i.e., 8: inputs, 9: neurons in the hidden layer, and 1: output) was nominated optimal for predicting the GWTD during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Additionally, it was noted that the maximum number of input variables in the hybrid GA-ANN approach improved the prediction accuracy. In conclusion, the proposed hybrid GA-ANN model’s findings could be readily transferable or implemented in other parts of the world, specifically those with similar geology and hydrogeology conditions for sustainable planning and groundwater resources management.
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ㅤ. "NB: Gezondheids- en welzijnswet voor dieren (GWWD)." Tijdschrift voor Agrarisch Recht 70, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): ㅤ. https://doi.org/10.5117/tvar2010.11.010.
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Lei, Fei, and Ping Fang Hu. "Evaluation of the Performance of a Ground-Water Heat Pump System in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Region." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.616.
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This study presented the energy performance evaluation of a ground-water heat pump (GWHP) system based on actual operational data. The GWHP system was installed for apartment buildings in Wuhan, China. During one year, various operating parameters of the GWHP system were monitored and the coefficient of performance (COP) of system was determined based on the measurement. The energy consumption of the GWHP system is more than twice the average value of split air conditioner on residential application, because of continuously operating of the GWHP system and frugally intermittence operating of split air conditioner. The GWHP system is more economical than other central system. The energy savings rate of the GWHP system was 41.5% for the heating season comparing with boiler and 42% for the cooling season comparing with air source heat pump.
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Ghaani Farashahi, Arash. "Generalized Weyl–Heisenberg (GWH) groups." Analysis and Mathematical Physics 4, no. 3 (November 17, 2013): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13324-013-0065-6.
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Carratalá, Jose V., Eric Brouillette, Naroa Serna, Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi, Julieta M. Sánchez, Antonio Villaverde, Anna Arís, Elena Garcia-Fruitós, Neus Ferrer-Miralles, and François Malouin. "In Vivo Bactericidal Efficacy of GWH1 Antimicrobial Peptide Displayed on Protein Nanoparticles, a Potential Alternative to Antibiotics." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 1217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121217.
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Oligomerization of antimicrobial peptides into nanosized supramolecular complexes produced in biological systems (inclusion bodies and self-assembling nanoparticles) seems an appealing alternative to conventional antibiotics. In this work, the antimicrobial peptide, GWH1, was N-terminally fused to two different scaffold proteins, namely, GFP and IFN-γ for its bacterial production in the form of such recombinant protein complexes. Protein self-assembling as regular soluble protein nanoparticles was achieved in the case of GWH1-GFP, while oligomerization into bacterial inclusion bodies was reached in both constructions. Among all these types of therapeutic proteins, protein nanoparticles of GWH1-GFP showed the highest bactericidal effect in an in vitro assay against Escherichia coli, whereas non-oligomerized GWH1-GFP and GWH1-IFN-γ only displayed a moderate bactericidal activity. These results indicate that the biological activity of GWH1 is specifically enhanced in the form of regular multi-display configurations. Those in vitro observations were fully validated against a bacterial infection using a mouse mastitis model, in which the GWH1-GFP soluble nanoparticles were able to effectively reduce bacterial loads.
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Urbik, Veronica M., Marilyn Schmiedel, Haille Soderholm, and Joshua L. Bonkowsky. "Expanded Phenotypic Definition Identifies Hundreds of Potential Causative Genes for Leukodystrophies and Leukoencephalopathies." Child Neurology Open 7 (January 1, 2020): 2329048X2093900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329048x20939003.
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Background: The genes responsible for genetic white matter disorders (GWMD; leukodystrophies and leukoencephalopathies) are incompletely known. Our goal was to revise the list of genes considered to cause GWMD. We considered a GWMD to consist of any genetic disease causing T2 signal white matter changes in magnetic resonance images. Methods and Results: Using a systematic review of PubMed, Google, published literature reviews, and commercial gene panels, we identified 399 unique genes meeting the GWMD definition. Of this, 87 (22%) genes were hypomyelinating. Only 3 genes had contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): ABCD1, GFAP, and UNC13D. Conclusions: A significantly greater number of genes than previously recognized, 399, are associated with white matter signal changes on T2 MRI. This expansion of GWMD genes can be useful in analysis and interpretation of next-generation sequencing results for GWMD diagnosis, and for understanding shared pathophysiological mechanisms of GWMDs.
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Kurosu, Shigeru, Motoyuki Adachi, and Kazuyuki Kamimura. "Dynamical Characteristics of Gyroscopic Weight Measuring Device." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801263.
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This paper describes analytical and experimental studies about an entirely new system for measuring forces using a gyroscope(called Gyroscopic Weight Measuring Device, or simply “GWMD” throughout this paper) which provides precise direct digital output proportional to the single axis weight applied. In spite of the complexity of the servo-mechanism, the action of the GWMD is inherently linear, hysteresis, and drift free. Topics in this paper are summarized as follows: 1) The principal dynamical characteristics of the GWMD using a two-degree-of-freedom mathematical model for a gyroscope are analyzed theoretically. 2) The GWMD is designed with suitable parameters and constructed. Some systematic errors caused by various influences are examined. 3) Performance tests are promising for practical applications. The GWMD constructed in this study offers a repeatable accuracy up to 1/15,000 for weight in the range 0 to 150 N.
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Heiderich, Elisabeth, Saskia Keller, Mirjam Pewsner, Francesco Carlo Origgi, Samoa Zürcher-Giovannini, Stéphanie Borel, Iris Marti, et al. "Analysis of a European general wildlife health surveillance program: Chances, challenges and recommendations." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 21, 2024): e0301438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301438.
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In a One Health perspective general wildlife health surveillance (GWHS) gains importance worldwide, as pathogen transmission among wildlife, domestic animals and humans raises health, conservation and economic concerns. However, GWHS programs operate in the face of legal, geographical, financial, or administrative challenges. The present study uses a multi-tiered approach to understand the current characteristics, strengths and gaps of a European GWHS that operates in a fragmented legislative and multi-stakeholder environment. The aim is to support the implementation or improvement of other GWHS systems by managers, surveillance experts, and administrations. To assess the current state of wildlife health investigations and trends within the GWHS, we retrospectively analyzed 20 years of wildlife diagnostic data to explore alterations in annual case numbers, diagnosed diseases, and submitter types, conducted an online survey and phone interviews with official field partners (hunting administrators, game wardens and hunters) to assess their case submission criteria as well as their needs for post-mortem investigations, and performed in-house time estimations of post-mortem investigations to conduct a time-per-task analysis. Firstly, we found that infectious disease dynamics, the level of public awareness for specific diseases, research activities and increasing population sizes of in depth-monitored protected species, together with biogeographical and political boundaries all impacted case numbers and can present unexpected challenges to a GWHS. Secondly, we found that even a seemingly comprehensive GWHS can feature pronounced information gaps, with underrepresentation of common or easily recognizable diseases, blind spots in non-hunted species and only a fraction of discovered carcasses being submitted. Thirdly, we found that substantial amounts of wildlife health data may be available at local hunting administrations or disease specialist centers, but outside the reach of the GWHS and its processes. In conclusion, we recommend that fragmented and federalist GWHS programs like the one addressed require a central, consistent and accessible collection of wildlife health data. Also, considering the growing role of citizen observers in environmental research, we recommend using online reporting systems to harness decentrally available information and fill wildlife health information gaps.
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Brooks, Marjory, Sharon Raymond, and James Catalfamo. "Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentration as a predictor of von Willebrand’s disease status in German Wirehaired Pointers." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1996.209.05.930.
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Objective To evaluate the use of plasma von Willebrand's factor (vWF) concentration as a screening test for inherited von Willebrand's disease (vWD) in German Wirehaired Pointers (GWHP). Design Prospective study. Sample Population Plasma samples from 467 GWHP. Procedure Plasma vWF concentrations were measured as vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), using ELISA, and test values were used to estimate prevalence of vWD in GWHP and predict parental vWD status. Test results of progeny from matings of carrier and noncarrier parents were then compared with the predicted outcome of such matings. Results 376 (81%) GWHP were classified as VWD noncarriers, 58 (12%) as carriers, and 5 (1%) as affected with VWD. An additional 28 (6%) GWHP could not be classified on the basis of plasma VWF:Ag concentration. The observed outcome of tests of 213 pups was not significantly different from that predicted on the basis of parental VWWF:Ag concentration. The predictive value of a positive test result (vWF: Ag% < 50) for identifying VWD carriers was 0.89. Clinical Implications Plasma vWF:Ag concentration was an effective predictor of genetic status for the vWD trait, and for the outcome of matings between carriers and noncarriers of vWD in this study of GWHP. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;209:930-933)
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Bastori, Imam, and Moch Djoko Birmano. "Ketersediaan Uranium Di Indonesia Untuk Memenuhi Kebutuhan Bahan Bakar PLTN." Jurnal Pengembangan Energi Nuklir 19, no. 2 (April 7, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jpen.2017.19.2.3999.
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Bahan bakar nuklir merupakan komponen penting PLTN dalam menghasilkan panas. Besarnya kebutuhan bahan bakar nuklir akan mempengaruhi jumlah penyediaan bijih uranium. Demi menjaga keberlangsungan operasi PLTN, sangat penting untuk menjaga keseimbangan kebutuhan dan pasokan uranium. Oleh karena itu, sebelum PLTN dibangun di Indonesia perlu dilakukan analisis ketersediaan uranium, agar dapat dibuat strategi pasokan uranium yang baik. Metoda yang digunakan meliputi mengumpulkan data cadangan uranium di Indonesia, lalu menyusun spread sheet Nuclear Fuel Mass Balance (NFMB) Calculator untuk menghitung jumlah kebutuhan uranium pada setiap tahap siklus bahan bakar nuklir, selanjutnya membandingkan antara kebutuhan riil uranium PLTN dan cadangan uranium yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia. Hasil analisis ini memperlihatkan bahwa PLTN jenis PWR dengan kapasitas 1.000 MWe akan menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 7.884 GWh dalam setahun. Dengan burn-up 43 GWd/tonU maka kebutuhan bahan bakar nuklir per tahun sekitar 28,93 ton yang didapatkan dari uranium alam U3O8 (yellow cake) sebanyak 244,68 ton atau setara dengan 108.362,2 ton bijih uranium. Dengan cadangan uranium Indonesia 70.000 ton dalam bentuk yellow cake, akan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan bagi 7 unit PLTN dengan kapasitas masing-masing 1.000 MWe yang beroperasi untuk 40 tahun.
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Dinka, Megersa Olumana, Willibald Loiskandl, and Julius Musyoka Ndambuki. "Status of Groundwater Table Depth Under Long-Term Irrigation in Wonji Plain: Concerns for Sustainability of Wonji-Shoa Sugar Estate, Upper Awash Valley, Ethiopia." Sustainable Agriculture Research 3, no. 3 (May 18, 2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v3n3p16.
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<p>The present study attempted to highlight the concerns of shallow groundwater table depth (GWTD) to the sustainability of Wonji-Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE), Upper Awash Valley of Ethiopia. The recent magnitude and fluctuation of GWTD is mapped in ArcView GIS (using universal kriging technique) from the monthly GWTD monitoring data (2007-2009) using piezometer tubes. The study result clearly showed that the GWTD at WSSE was extremely shallow, showed great spatio-seasonal variability and rising trend; thus, threatening the sustainability of WSSE significantly. About 90% of the plantation fields have GWTD above the critical depth of 1.5 m below the soil surface and, hence, critically waterlogged. As a result, the estate is recently achieving only 55% of the production potential realized in the 1960s. Past trends indicate that the GW has the potential to inundate Wonji plain and is anticipated to devastate production during the next 10-15 years. Therefore, in order to sustain production system in the region, there is an urgent need to identify the possible causes of waterlogging and investigate the feasible remedial measures to combat its problems. The spatial mapping of GWTD with identified problematic areas, indicated in the current study, is believed to provide a tool for water management and, hence, crucial for the decision making and actions taking processes.</p>
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Herion Tarigan and Pardomuan Sitompul. "METODE DOUBLE EKSPONENSIAL SMOOTHING DALAM MEMPERKIRAKAN JUMLAH KEBUTUHAN ENERGI LISTRIK DI PT PLN (PERSERO) WILAYAH SUMUT." JURNAL RISET RUMPUN MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM 2, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jurrimipa.v2i1.786.
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Electrical energy is one of the most important things in human life. Electrical energy is needed in the industrial sector. In meeting the needs of electrical energy, good planning is needed by predicting the needs of electrical energy. Holt's Double Exponential Smoothing method is a method that can be used to predict electrical energy needs. The results of forecasting the demand for electrical energy at PT PLN (Persero) for the North Sumatra Region for 2022 to 2030 use the Double Double Exponential Smoothing method from Holt (with a value of α = 0.99 and γ = 0.1 which has a MAPE value of 2.0372%. ) namely 13933.19 gwh, 14478.46 gwh, 15023.73 gwh, 15569.00 gwh, 16114.26 gwh, 16659.53 gwh, 17204.80 gwh, 17750.06 gwh, 18295.33 gwh.
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Zhou, Xuezhi, Qing Gao, Xiangliang Chen, Yuying Yan, and Jeffrey D. Spitler. "Developmental status and challenges of GWHP and ATES in China." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 42 (February 2015): 973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.079.
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Yang, Jie, Yuezan Tao, Yulan Gao, Lijuan Wang, and Bo Kang. "Experimental study on the water–rock interaction mechanism in a groundwater heat pump reinjection process." Journal of Water and Climate Change 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1516–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2022.393.
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Abstract Groundwater heat pump (GWHP) is a clean new energy technology. However, recharge clogging has always affected the operational efficiency of GWHP systems. The mechanism of the water–rock interaction inducing the chemical blockage of aquifers in particular is not clear enough. In this study, a sand column device was designed to simulate the recharge of GWHP, and the geothermal water and aquifer sand of the actual GWHP project were collected. Moreover, we have characterized the sand using SEM-EDS, XRD and FT-IR; meanwhile, the evolution of the hydrochemical components, the relationship between TDS and mineral dissolution and the concentration variation trend of [Na+ + K+] and [Mg2+ + Ca2+] were analysed. The results showed that the maximum reduction of the albite content in the column, except for P4 and P6, was 13.97%, while the calcite content in the P3–P4 and P7–P10 segments increased by 1.2%. The anhydrite content was reduced in the whole interval. Therefore, the precipitation and dissolution of minerals might occur in the process of recharge, which was more significant in the front of the column. In addition, the water–rock reaction induced by GWHP recharge is a process that also involves the cation exchange adsorption of Na+ with Mg2+ and Ca2+.
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Sun, Shengnan, Lindu Zhao, and Shicai Yang. "Gabor Weber Local Descriptor for Bovine Iris Recognition." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/920597.
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Iris recognition is a robust biometric technology. This paper proposes a novel local descriptor for bovine iris recognition, named Gabor Weber local descriptor (GWLD). We first compute the Gabor magnitude maps for the input bovine iris image, and then calculate the differential excitation and orientation for each pixel over each Gabor magnitude map. After that, we use these differential excitations and orientations to construct the GWLD histogram representation. Finally, histogram intersection is adopted to measure the similarity between different GWLD histograms. The experimental results on the SEU bovine iris database verify the representation power of our proposed local descriptor.
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Henning, Marcus A., Christian U. Krägeloh, Yan Chen, Fiona Moir, and Craig S. Webster. "Validation of the Generalized Workplace Harassment Questionnaire for Use with Medical Students." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 10 (September 23, 2023): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13100791.
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The Generalized Workplace Harassment Questionnaire (GWHQ) has not been validated among medical students whilst they are on clinical placements. Therefore, this study aims to validate its use when applied to this cohort. A sample of 205 medical students in their clinical training phase completed the GWHQ. To examine the validity of the proposed factor structure of the validated 25-item GWHQ, which was reduced to from the original 29-item set, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Model fit was appraised by evaluating the comparative fit index (CFI), the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and the standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR). Spearman’s rho correlation coefficients were applied to correlations between factors. With the exclusion of Item 19, the resulting fit was improved. In the revised model for a 24-item GWHQ, CFI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.047, and SRMR = 0.115. Overall, the fit met the criteria for two fit indices and was thus deemed to be acceptable. Factor loadings ranged from 0.49 to 0.96. The Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient between Verbal and Covert Hostility was high, although all correlations with Physical Hostility were weak. In conclusion, the amended 24-item version of the GWHQ is a valid instrument for appraising instances of harassment or hostility within clinical placements attended by medical students in New Zealand.
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Wang, Zhi Wei, Yi Peng, Zhong He Zhang, Wei Cao, and Peng Li. "Study on Non Energy Saving Status Detection of Groundwater Heat Pump System Using Artificial Neural Network Method." Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (January 2012): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.325.
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Presents two types of characteristic data: basic characteristic parameters and index characteristic parameters for non energy saving status detection (NESSD) of groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system, establishes the relationship database between characteristic data and fault factors of NESSD. For three kinds of improving back propagation (BP) algorithms: Variable Learning Rate (VLR) BP algorithm, Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG) BP algorithm, and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) BP algorithm, these various algorithms’ comparative study had been conducted on the GWHP system’s NESSD. The optimal algorithm among them is determined and the GWHP system’s NESSD as cases studies can be carried out based on the most suitable BP algorithm.
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Gao, Qing, Xue Zhi Zhou, Xiao Wen Zhao, Chun Qiang Ma, and Yu Ying Yan. "Development and Challenges of Groundwater Heat Pump in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.115.
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A groundwater heat pump (GWHP) is one type of ground source heat pump (GSHP) and is a major form of earth energy utilization, which can realize the direct use of groundwater energy or the reuse of stored underground energy. The energy conservation effect of GWHP plays an important role in the national energy strategy, but the groundwater environment has been affected and even damaged to some extent because of over-exploitation and unreasonable utilization. This paper reviews the development and challenges of GWHP in China and surveys the situation of groundwater utilization, which shows that lack of cognitive ability, scientific constraints and reasonable utilization may bring catastrophic damage to the groundwater. A coming work should aim to more researching basic problems, such as thermal interaction, energy transport in the well field, groundwater contamination, etc. In fact, the characteristics of unsteady and transient heat transfer in the complex underground environment, and their control strategies have been being also the most pressing problem. Their explorations and studies will strengthen the theoretical and practical understanding, and guide an orderly, healthy and sustainable development of GWHP.
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ㅤ. "NB: Wetsvoorstel tot wijziging van de Gezondheids- en welzijnswet dieren (GWWD)." Tijdschrift voor Agrarisch Recht 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): ㅤ. https://doi.org/10.5117/tvar2010.4.004.
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Pulido, Manuel, and John Thuburn. "The Seasonal Cycle of Gravity Wave Drag in the Middle Atmosphere." Journal of Climate 21, no. 18 (September 15, 2008): 4664–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2006.1.
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Abstract Using a variational technique, middle atmosphere gravity wave drag (GWD) is estimated from Met Office middle atmosphere analyses for the year 2002. The technique employs an adjoint model of a middle atmosphere dynamical model to minimize a cost function that measures the differences between the model state and observations. The control variables are solely the horizontal components of GWD; therefore, the minimization determines the optimal estimate of the drag. For each month, Met Office analyses are taken as the initial condition for the first day of the month, and also as observations for each successive day. In this way a three-dimensional GWD field is obtained for the entire year with a temporal resolution of 1 day. GWD shows a pronounced seasonal cycle. During solstices, there are deceleration regions of the polar jet centered at about 63° latitude in the winter hemisphere, with a peak of 49 m s−1 day−1 at 0.24 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere; the summer hemisphere also shows a deceleration region but much weaker, with a peak of 24 m s−1 day−1 centered at 45° latitude and 0.6 hPa. During equinoxes GWD is weak and exhibits a smooth transition between the winter and summer situation. The height and latitude of the deceleration center in both winter and summer hemispheres appear to be constant. Important longitudinal dependencies in GWD are found that are related to planetary wave activity; GWD intensifies in the exit region of jet streaks. In the lower tropical stratosphere, the estimated GWD shows a westward GWD descending together with the westward phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation. Above, GWD exhibits a semiannual pattern that is approximately out of phase with the semiannual oscillation in the zonal wind. Furthermore, a descending GWD pattern is found at those heights, similar in magnitude and sign to that in the lower stratosphere.
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Kim and Lee. "Effects of a Groundwater Heat Pump on Thermophilic Bacteria Activity." Water 11, no. 10 (October 6, 2019): 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102084.
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Groundwater samples were collected from the tubular wells of a groundwater heat pump (GWHP), and the psychrophilic, mesophilic, and thermophilic bacteria inhabiting the collected groundwater were cultured and isolated. Using the isolated bacteria, we analyzed temperature-dependent changes in autochthonous bacteria based on the operation of the GWHP. Microbial culture identified eight species of bacteria: five species of thermophilic bacteria (Anoxybacillus tepidamans, Bacillus oceanisediminis, Deinococcus geothermalis, Effusibacillus pohliae, and Vulcaniibacterium thermophilum), one species of mesophilic bacteria (Lysobacter mobilis), and two species of psychrophilic bacteria (Paenibacillus elgii and Paenibacillus lautus). The results indicated A. tepidamans as the most dominant thermophilic bacterium in the study area. Notably, the Anoxybacillus genus was previous reported as a microorganism capable of creating deposits that clog above-ground wells and filters at geothermal power plants. Additionally, we found that on-site operation of the GWHP had a greater influence on the activity of thermophilic bacteria than on psychrophilic bacteria among autochthonous bacteria. These findings suggested that study of cultures of thermophilic bacteria might contribute to understanding the bio-clogging phenomena mediated by A. tepidamans in regard to GWHP-related thermal efficiency.
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MIKKELSEN, René, Lone BAUNSGAARD, and Andreas BLENNOW. "Functional characterization of alpha-glucan,water dikinase, the starch phosphorylating enzyme." Biochemical Journal 377, no. 2 (January 15, 2004): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20030999.
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GWD (α-glucan,water dikinase) is the enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction in which the β-phosphate of ATP is transferred to either the C-6 or the C-3 position of the glycosyl residue of amylopectin. GWD shows similarity in both sequence and reaction mechanism to bacterial PPS (pyruvate,water dikinase) and PPDK (pyruvate,phosphate dikinase). Amino acid sequence alignments identified a conserved histidine residue located in the putative phosphohistidine domain of potato GWD. Site-directed mutagenesis of this histidine residue resulted in an inactive enzyme and loss of autophosphorylation. Native GWD is a homodimer and shows a strict requirement for the presence of α-1,6 branch points in its polyglucan substrate, and exhibits a sharp 20-fold increase in activity when the degree of polymerization is increased from 27.8 to 29.5. In spite of the high variability in the degree of starch phosphorylation, GWD proteins are ubiquitous in plants. The overall reaction mechanism of GWD is similar to that of PPS and PPDK, but the GWD family appears to have arisen after divergence of the plant kingdom. The nucleotide-binding domain of GWD exhibits a closer phylogenetic relationship to prokaryotic PPSs than to PPDKs.
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Rospenda, Kathleen M., and Judith A. Richman. "The Factor Structure of Generalized Workplace Harassment." Violence and Victims 19, no. 2 (April 2004): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.2.221.64097.
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We describe the development and psychometric characteristics of the Generalized Workplace Harassment Questionnaire (GWHQ), a 29-item instrument developed to assess harassing experiences at work in five conceptual domains: verbal aggression, disrespect, isolation/exclusion, threats/bribes, and physical aggression. Over 1700 current and former university employees completed the GWHQ at three time points. Factor analytic results at each wave of data suggested a five-factor solution that did not correspond to the original five conceptual factors. We suggest a revised scoring scheme for the GWHQ utilizing four of the empirically extracted factors: covert hostility, verbal hostility, manipulation, and physical hostility. Covert hostility was the most frequently experienced type of harassment, followed by verbal hostility, manipulation, and physical hostility. Verbal hostility, covert hostility, and manipulation were found to be significant predictors of psychological distress.
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Madden, Seán P. "Mathematical Lens: Geometry Lives at Greeley!" Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 8 (April 2011): 576–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.8.0576.
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Greeley West High School (GWHS), named for the prominent American newspaper editor Horace Greeley, was designed by the architectural firm of John Shaver of Salina, Kansas. GWHS faculty and administration worked with the assistant principal, Bob Kula, to clarify for Shaver's firm their needs and expectations for the new building; construction was completed in 1965. Kula later served as a school projects adviser for Shaver's firm.
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Madden, Seán P. "Mathematical Lens: Geometry Lives at Greeley!" Mathematics Teacher 104, no. 8 (April 2011): 576–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.104.8.0576.
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Greeley West High School (GWHS), named for the prominent American newspaper editor Horace Greeley, was designed by the architectural firm of John Shaver of Salina, Kansas. GWHS faculty and administration worked with the assistant principal, Bob Kula, to clarify for Shaver's firm their needs and expectations for the new building; construction was completed in 1965. Kula later served as a school projects adviser for Shaver's firm.
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Lu, Yixiong, Tongwen Wu, Xin Xu, Li Zhang, and Min Chu. "Improved Simulation of the Antarctic Stratospheric Final Warming by Modifying the Orographic Gravity Wave Parameterization in the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060576.
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The Antarctic stratospheric final warming (SFW) is usually simulated with a substantial delay in climate models, and the corresponding temperatures in austral spring are lower than observations, implying insufficient stratospheric wave drag. To investigate the role of orographic gravity wave drag (GWD) in modeling the Antarctic SFW, in this study the orographic GWD parameterization scheme is modified in the middle-atmosphere version of the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model. A pair of simulations are conducted to compare two orographic GWD schemes in simulating the breakdown of the stratospheric polar vortex over Antarctica. The control simulation with the default orographic GWD scheme exhibits delayed vortex breakdown and the cold-pole bias seen in most climate models. In the simulation with modified orographic GWD scheme, the simulated vortex breaks down earlier by 8 days, and the associated cold-pole bias is reduced by more than 2 K. The modified scheme provides stronger orographic GWD in the lower stratosphere, which drives an accelerated polar downwelling branch of the Brewer–Dobson circulation and, in turn, produces adiabatic warming. Our study suggests that modifying orographic GWD parameterizations in climate models would be a valid way of improving the SFW simulation over Antarctica.
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Hildebrand, Jens, Gerd Baumgarten, Jens Fiedler, and Franz-Josef Lübken. "Winds and temperatures of the Arctic middle atmosphere during January measured by Doppler lidar." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 21 (November 10, 2017): 13345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13345-2017.
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Abstract. We present an extensive data set of simultaneous temperature and wind measurements in the Arctic middle atmosphere. It consists of more than 300 h of Doppler Rayleigh lidar observations obtained during three January seasons (2012, 2014, and 2015) and covers the altitude range from 30 km up to about 85 km. The data set reveals large year-to-year variations in monthly mean temperatures and winds, which in 2012 are affected by a sudden stratospheric warming. The temporal evolution of winds and temperatures after that warming are studied over a period of 2 weeks, showing an elevated stratopause and the reformation of the polar vortex. The monthly mean temperatures and winds are compared to data extracted from the Integrated Forecast System of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM07). Lidar and ECMWF data show good agreement of mean zonal and meridional winds below ≈ 55 km altitude, but we also find mean temperature, zonal wind, and meridional wind differences of up to 20 K, 20 m s−1, and 5 m s−1, respectively. Differences between lidar observations and HWM07 data are up to 30 m s−1. From the fluctuations of temperatures and winds within single nights we extract the potential and kinetic gravity wave energy density (GWED) per unit mass. It shows that the kinetic GWED is typically 5 to 10 times larger than the potential GWED, the total GWED increases with altitude with a scale height of ≈ 16 km. Since temporal fluctuations of winds and temperatures are underestimated in ECMWF, the total GWED is underestimated as well by a factor of 3–10 above 50 km altitude. Similarly, we estimate the energy density per unit mass for large-scale waves (LWED) from the fluctuations of nightly mean temperatures and winds. The total LWED is roughly constant with altitude. The ratio of kinetic to potential LWED varies with altitude over 2 orders of magnitude. LWEDs from ECMWF data show results similar to the lidar data. From the comparison of GWED and LWED, it follows that large-scale waves carry about 2 to 5 times more energy than gravity waves.
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MIKKELSEN, René, and Andreas BLENNOW. "Functional domain organization of the potato α-glucan, water dikinase (GWD): evidence for separate site catalysis as revealed by limited proteolysis and deletion mutants." Biochemical Journal 385, no. 2 (January 7, 2005): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20041119.
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The potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum) GWD (α-glucan, water dikinase) catalyses the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction mechanism in which the β-phosphate of ATP is transferred to the glucosyl residue of amylopectin. GWD shows sequence similarity to bacterial pyruvate, water dikinase and PPDK (pyruvate, phosphate dikinase). In the present study, we examine the structure–function relationship of GWD. Analysis of proteolytic fragments of GWD, in conjunction with peptide microsequencing and the generation of deletion mutants, indicates that GWD is comprised of five discrete domains of 37, 24, 21, 36 and 38 kDa. The catalytic histidine, which mediates the phosphoryl group transfer from ATP to starch, is located on the 36 kDa fragment, whereas the 38 kDa C-terminal fragment contains the ATP-binding site. Binding of the glucan molecule appears to be confined to regions containing the three N-terminal domains. Deletion mutants were generated to investigate the functional interdependency of the putative ATP- and glucan-binding domains. A truncated form of GWD expressing the 36 and 38 kDa C-terminal domains was found to catalyse the E+ATP→E-P+AMP+Pi (where Pi stands for orthophosphate) partial reaction, but not the E-P+glucan→E+glucan-P partial reaction. CD experiments provided evidence for large structural changes on autophosphorylation of GWD, indicating that GWD employs a swivelling-domain mechanism for enzymic phosphotransfer similar to that seen for PPDK.
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Summer, Laura. "The Escalating Number of Uninsured in the United States." International Journal of Health Services 24, no. 3 (July 1994): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gwdd-gqr2-q2dg-xj9u.
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Data from the Census Bureau's Annual Report on Poverty show that 37.4 million Americans—two million more than the previous year—had no health insurance during 1992. The proportion of people with no health insurance also increased from 14.1 percent in 1991 to 14.7 percent in 1992. This is the largest annual increase—both in the number of people and the proportion of the population lacking health care coverage—since 1987, the first year for which comparable data are available. In 1987, the Census data show, 31 million people—12.9 percent of the population—were not covered by health insurance. Both the number of people and the proportion of the population without health insurance have increased each year since 1987. Not all of the changes from one year to the next were statistically significant. Between 1991 and 1992, however, the increases both in the number of people without insurance and the proportion of the population lacking insurance were statistically significant. The Bureau reported that 36.9 million Americans were poor in 1992, which represented the largest number of poor people in 30 years. Among the poor, 28.5 percent had no health insurance in 1992. Lack of insurance was not limited to the poor, however. Of those without insurance in 1992, more than 70 percent were above the poverty line.
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Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Sharon Roy, Dieudonne P. Sankara, Adam Weiss, Jeffrey Stanaway, Ellen Goldberg, David M. Pigott, et al. "Slaying little dragons: the impact of the Guinea Worm Eradication Program on dracunculiasis disability averted from 1990 to 2016." Gates Open Research 2 (June 18, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12827.1.
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Background:The objective of this study was to document the worldwide decline of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease, GWD) burden, expressed as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), from 1990 to 2016, as estimated in the Global Burden of Disease study 2016 (GBD 2016). While the annual number of cases of GWD have been consistently reported by WHO since the 1990s, the burden of disability due to GWD has not previously been quantified in GBD.Methods:The incidence of GWD was modeled for each endemic country using annual national case reports. A literature search was conducted to characterize the presentation of GWD, translate the clinical symptoms into health sequelae, and then assign an average duration to the infection. Prevalence measures by sequelae were multiplied by disability weights to estimate DALYs.Results:The total DALYs attributed to GWD across all endemic countries (n=21) in 1990 was 50,725 (95% UI: 35,265–69,197) and decreased to 0.9 (95% UI: 0.5–1.4) in 2016. A cumulative total of 12,900 DALYs were attributable to GWD from 1990 to 2016.Conclusions:Using 1990 estimates of burden propagated forward, this analysis suggests that between 990,000 to 1.9 million DALYs have been averted as a result of the eradication program over the past 27 years.
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ㅤ. "NB: Wetsvoorstel tot wijziging van de Gezondheidswet en welzijnswet voor dieren (GWWD)." Tijdschrift voor Agrarisch Recht 69, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): ㅤ. https://doi.org/10.5117/tvar2009.3.005.
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ㅤ. "NB: Wetsvoorstel tot wijziging van de Gezondheids-en welzijnswet voor dieren (GWWD)." Tijdschrift voor Agrarisch Recht 69, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): ㅤ. https://doi.org/10.5117/tvar2009.6.023.
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ㅤ. "NB: Wetsvoorstel tot wijziging van de Gezondheids- en welzijnswet voor dieren (GWWD)." Tijdschrift voor Agrarisch Recht 69, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): ㅤ. https://doi.org/10.5117/tvar2009.6.016.
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Cappellari, Davide, Leonardo Piccinini, Alessandro Pontin, and Paolo Fabbri. "Sustainability of an Open-Loop GWHP System in an Italian Alpine Valley." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010270.
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Shallow geothermal systems (SGSs) for building climatization represent an advantageous alternative to traditional air-conditioning systems, resulting in economic and environmental benefits. Installation of these systems requires knowledge of site-specific geological and hydrogeological conditions, which in feasibility studies are often evaluated only at the single plant scale, lacking a comprehensive view and risking not to guarantee the system sustainability over time. In this paper a methodology for the sustainable design of SGSs is presented. The methodology is developed from an example on the aquifer scale in Longarone (Belluno, Italy), where three groundwater heat pumps (GWHPs) were installed in an industrial area located in a mountain basin hosting a coarse-grained phreatic aquifer, characterized by sediments with high hydraulic conductivity and proximal to a large river (Piave River). Open-loop systems were first analyzed through numerical modeling using FEFLOW software, identifying peculiar features of the aquifer, due to its interaction with surface waters, and suggesting the possibility of its greater geothermal exploitation. Subsequently, a relationship between flow rates and thermal plume extensions was obtained, which is useful to providing support in the evaluation of potential interference with neighboring systems. The study at the aquifer scale proved representative of the system, highlighting the criticalities of the area, such as trends of aquifer temperature alteration, interference between plants, and thermal feedback.
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Zhou, Yan-zhang, and Zhi-fang Zhou. "Simulation of Thermal Transport in Aquifer: A GWHP System in Chengdu, China." Journal of Hydrodynamics 21, no. 5 (October 2009): 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058(08)60196-1.
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Mitrovic, Djordje, Miguel Crespo Chacón, Aida Mérida García, Jorge García Morillo, Juan Antonio Rodríguez Diaz, Helena M. Ramos, Kemi Adeyeye, Armando Carravetta, and Aonghus McNabola. "Multi-Country Scale Assessment of Available Energy Recovery Potential Using Micro-Hydropower in Drinking, Pressurised Irrigation and Wastewater Networks, Covering Part of the EU." Water 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070899.
Full textAbstract:
Studies have shown micro-hydropower (MHP) opportunities for energy recovery and CO2 reductions in the water sector. This paper conducts a large-scale assessment of this potential using a dataset amassed across six EU countries (Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Spain, and Portugal) for the drinking water, irrigation, and wastewater sectors. Extrapolating the collected data, the total annual MHP potential was estimated between 482.3 and 821.6 GWh, depending on the assumptions, divided among Ireland (15.5–32.2 GWh), Scotland (17.8–139.7 GWh), Northern Ireland (5.9–8.2 GWh), Wales (10.2–8.1 GWh), Spain (375.3–539.9 GWh), and Portugal (57.6–93.5 GWh) and distributed across the drinking water (43–67%), irrigation (51–30%), and wastewater (6–3%) sectors. The findings demonstrated reductions in energy consumption in water networks between 1.7 and 13.0%. Forty-five percent of the energy estimated from the analysed sites was associated with just 3% of their number, having a power output capacity >15 kW. This demonstrated that a significant proportion of energy could be exploited at a small number of sites, with a valuable contribution to net energy efficiency gains and CO2 emission reductions. This also demonstrates cost-effective, value-added, multi-country benefits to policy makers, establishing the case to incentivise MHP in water networks to help achieve the desired CO2 emissions reductions targets.
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Castillo, Romer C. "Green Warehousing Practices in the Philippines." Indonesian Green Technology Journal 11, no. 01 (May 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.igtj.2022.011.01.01.
Full textAbstract:
Green practice is a worldwide policy and everybody is concerned with sustainable development. This study assessed the green warehousing (GWH) practices in the Philippines and its sustainability dimensions. It utilized a quantitative descriptive-survey approach with questionnaire for data collection. The sample consists of 48 warehouses with warehouse managers as respondents. Statistical tests used were frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, Kruskal-Wallis H-Test, and Mann-Whitney U-Test. Results showed most of participating warehouses are located in Parañaque, corporate-owned, small enterprises, operating for 15 years or less, with less than 100 employees, and private. Results further revealed that GWH practices on inventory management and operations were almost always practiced while those on facility design, layout, mechanical handling equipment, staff, and warehouse management system (WMS) were often practiced. Environment, social, and economic GWH practices are also often practiced. Top GWH practices are mostly economic and some social while bottom GWH practices are mostly environmental. Significant differences on GWH practices were found on inventory management, staff, WMS, and social dimension when grouped to location; on WMS when grouped to operation years; and on facility design, environment, and social dimension when grouped to nature of service. These findings may guide warehouse managers in enhancing their GWH practices as they gear towards attaining sustainability in support to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.