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Alhussainy, Aqeel M. Hamad, and Ammar D. Jasim. "A novel pooling layer based on gaussian function with wavelet transform." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no. 3 (2020): 1289–98. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1289-1298.
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Convolution represent basic layer in the convolutional neural network, but it can result in big size of the data, which may increase the complexity of the network. Different pooling methods are used to perform down sample these data. In this paper, we have proposed a novel pooling method by using Gaussian function to determine the wavelet filter coefficients. At first, the basic statistics are determined for each pool size of the signal, then Gaussian probability distribution function is determined. According to the procedure of extracting the features, three methods are proposed, the first method is used the normalized values of basic statistics as wavelet filter to be multiplied by original signal, the second method used the determined statistics as features of the original signal, then multiplied it with constant wavelet filter based on Gaussian, while the third method is similar to first method, except it depend on entire signal instead of each pool size. The proposed methods are combined with other standard methods such as max and pooling. The experiments are performed on different datasets, and the results show that the proposed methods perform or outperform other methods and can increase performance of the CNN.
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Filali, Hanen, Malak Moussa, Narcis Barsan, Valentin Nedeff, Oana Irimia, and Mohamed Hachicha. "A Cyclic Graywater Treatment Model for Sustainable Wastewater Management Applied in a Small Scale." Applied Sciences 15, no. 5 (2025): 2836. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052836.
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Water scarcity presents a critical challenge to global sustainability, exacerbated by population growth, climate change, and environmental pollution. In this context, graywater reuse has emerged as a promising solution, offering substantial water savings with significant potential for agricultural applications. However, efficient treatment methods are essential to ensure safe reuse, as contaminants vary depending on the source. This study introduces a cyclic graywater treatment system that integrates both mechanical and biological filtration processes. A key feature of this system is the inclusion of Chenopodium quinoa, a resilient plant known for its phytoremediation potential, which enhances filtration efficiency and facilitates contaminant removal. The study examines the impact of treated graywater on soil and quinoa properties, focusing on its suitability for irrigation. The results show that the cyclic treatment system significantly improves graywater quality, enhancing the removal of biological and microbiological contaminants, such as BOD, with a significant decrease ranging from 31.33 mg O2/L to 15.74 mg O2/L is observed after treatment. For COD, the average values decreased from 102.64 mg O2/L to 54.19 mg O2/L after treatment, making the treated graywater compliant with Tunisian regulation NT 106.03 and WHO guidelines. Cyclic treatment significantly reduced the microbial load of graywater. For example, for E. coli, the average decreased from 0.87 log 10/100 mL in RGW to 0.58 log 10/100 mL in GWT3. The results demonstrate that the cyclic treatment process can predict the graywater quality beyond the three tested stages. This study highlights the potential of plant-based cyclic graywater treatment systems as an eco-friendly and scalable approach for sustainable water management in agriculture.
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Špulák, Ondřej, Dušan Kacálek, and Vladimír Černohous. "Groundwater Fluctuation of a Meliorated Forest Catchment in Connection with the Climate and the Growth of Forest Stands—30 Years of Monitoring." Water 15, no. 3 (2023): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030432.
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Hydromelioration networks aim to expand the vadose zones of waterlogged and peaty sites, which is expected to provide more soil space for trees’ roots, thus improving forest stand stability and production. However, the recent climate is manifested by increasing air temperatures, changed distribution of precipitation and frequent droughts. This raises the issue of the suitability of such measures. Additionally, the impacts on the ground water table (GWT) level, drainage, and forest health are disputed. This study deals with the behaviour of the shallow-aquifer GWT level in a formerly deforested headwater catchment named U Dvou louček (UDL) which had been monitored for 30 years and placed at a mountain site in north-eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic. GWT (84 m long transect with 22 probes), precipitation, throughfall, discharge, air temperatures and stand parameters were measured. Young Norway spruce stands now dominate within the UDL area. Average precipitation of the open area reached 1285 mm, and precipitation in years 2003, 2015 and 2018 was minimal (910 to 950 mm). Calibration of the GWT measurement took place in 1992–1995. After a 5-year stabilisation period in 1996–2001 with gradually falling GWT levels, following the digging of new ditches, the GWT no longer fluctuated significantly. The discharge and GWT change responses to stand growth were modest, and the impact of forest tending was limited. Lower GWTs in dry years were temporary. The inter-annual water levels in the immediate vicinity of the ditches fluctuated the least. The small-scale technical hydromelioration intervention neither had a negative impact on the GWT level, nor threatened the water supply of growing forest stands even in dry years. The results confirmed the long-term potential of such measures to improve the water regime of reforested clear cuts on waterlogged forest soils in mountains with a minimal risk of threat in warming environments.
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Maskey, Rajendra P., Felix Huth, Iris Grün-Wollny, and Hartmut Laatsch. "2-Alkyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethylpyridine Derivatives: New Natural Vitamin B6 Analogues from a Terrestrial Streptomyces sp." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 60, no. 1 (2005): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2005-0110.
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The ethyl acetate extract of the strain Streptomyces sp. GW23/1540 has yielded four new 2-alkyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine-3,4-diols, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-isopropyl-pyridine-3,4-diol (1a), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-propyl-pyridine-3,4-diol (1b), 2-sec-butyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyridine-3,4-diol (1c), and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-isobutyl-pyridine-3,4-diol (1d). Similarly, the strain Streptomyces sp. GW63/1571 afforded 2-sec-butyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyridine-3,4-diol (1c) and another new natural product, (3aS, 7aR)-3a-hydroxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-on e (3), together with anthranilic acid, anthranilamide, and phenylacetamide. The new natural products were inactive against three micro algae, the fungus Mucor miehei, the yeast Candida albicans, and the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Streptomyces viridochromogenes.
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Weideveld, Stefan Theodorus Johannes, Weier Liu, Merit van den Berg, Leon Peter Maria Lamers, and Christian Fritz. "Conventional subsoil irrigation techniques do not lower carbon emissions from drained peat meadows." Biogeosciences 18, no. 12 (2021): 3881–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3881-2021.
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Abstract. The focus of current water management in drained peatlands is to facilitate optimal drainage, which has led to soil subsidence and a strong increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The Dutch land and water authorities proposed the application of subsoil irrigation (SSI) system on a large scale to potentially reduce GHG emissions, while maintaining high biomass production. Based on model results, the expectation was that SSI would reduce peat decomposition in summer by preventing groundwater tables (GWTs) from dropping below −60 cm. In 2017–2018, we evaluated the effects of SSI on GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) for four dairy farms on drained peat meadows in the Netherlands. Each farm had a treatment site with SSI installation and a control site drained only by ditches (ditch water level −60 / −90 cm, 100 m distance between ditches). The SSI system consisted of perforated pipes −70 cm from surface level with spacing of 5–6 m to improve drainage during winter–spring and irrigation in summer. GHG emissions were measured using closed chambers every 2–4 weeks for CO2, CH4 and N2O. Measured ecosystem respiration (Reco) only showed a small difference between SSI and control sites when the GWT of SSI sites were substantially higher than the control site (> 20 cm difference). Over all years and locations, however, there was no significant difference found, despite the 6–18 cm higher GWT in summer and 1–20 cm lower GWT in wet conditions at SSI sites. Differences in mean annual GWT remained low (< 5 cm). Direct comparison of measured N2O and CH4 fluxes between SSI and control sites did not show any significant differences. CO2 fluxes varied according to temperature and management events, while differences between control and SSI sites remained small. Therefore, there was no difference between the annual gap-filled net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of the SSI and control sites. The net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) was on average 40 and 30 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1 in 2017 and 2018 on the SSI sites and 38 and 34 t CO2 ha−1 yr−1 in 2017 and 2018 on the control sites. This lack of SSI effect is probably because the GWT increase remains limited to deeper soil layers (60–120 cm depth), which contribute little to peat oxidation. We conclude that SSI modulates water table dynamics but fails to lower annual carbon emission. SSI seems unsuitable as a climate mitigation strategy. Future research should focus on potential effects of GWT manipulation in the uppermost organic layers (−30 cm and higher) on GHG emissions from drained peatlands.
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Mojid, Mohammad A., Mohammad F. Parvez, Mohammed Mainuddin, and Geoff Hodgson. "Water Table Trend—A Sustainability Status of Groundwater Development in North-West Bangladesh." Water 11, no. 6 (2019): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061182.
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Historical trends of the annual maximum and minimum depths of groundwater tables (GWTs) that are indicative of sustainability status of groundwater resources still remain inadequately studied in the North-West (NW) hydrological region of Bangladesh. This study aimed at evaluating long-term (1985–2016) trends of GWTs of 350 monitoring wells and their impacts on groundwater development status in that region. The trends of the annual maximum and minimum depths of GWTs were determined and evaluated by using MAKESENS trend model. The functionality of suction-mode pumps was identified based on the annual maximum depth of GWTs. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) falling trend of the annual maximum depths of GWTs in 65.71% of the monitoring wells revealed continuous increase in groundwater abstraction. A significant falling trend of the annual minimum depths of GWTs in 69.71% of the monitoring wells revealed groundwater mining. GWTs remained below the suction limit (≈6 m) for 3 to 6 months in each year in 59.72% of the monitoring wells and for the whole year in 15.14% of the monitoring wells, making suction-mode pumps inoperable and creating domestic water scarcity. Therefore, groundwater extraction in many locations has become unsustainable, and hence, measures such as artificial recharge to the aquifers and water-saving technologies are needed to prevent groundwater mining.
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Gao, Wa, Dongyang Li, and Hong You. "Functional Characterization and Genomic Analysis of the Chlorantraniliprole-Degrading Strain Pseudomonas Sp. GW13." Bioengineering 6, no. 4 (2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering6040106.
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Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is a widely used insecticide in many areas due to its excellent insecticidal ability and mammalian safety, however, the removal of CAP has not been extensively studied. In this study, a bacterial strain GW13, which is capable of co-metabolizing CAP, was isolated from a vegetable field soil. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. based on its physico-biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene analysis. The bacterial strain GW13 could degrade CAP through co-metabolism, and glucose was the best additional carbon resource. In the presence of 1.0 g/L glucose, GW13 could co-metabolize over 80% of 200 mg/L CAP in 24 h. The degradation rate increased after 6 h and slowed again after 10 h. The GW13 genome analysis revealed many genes associated with metabolism, showing the degradation mechanism of GW13 from the genomic perspective. The EAWAG-BBD (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database) prediction results showed that the main pathway for CAP degradation is amide hydrolysis, which is consistent with many genes associated with amidase in the GW13 genome. This study may facilitate research on CAP biodegradation mechanisms in the environment.
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Dinka, Megersa Olumana, Willibald Loiskandl, and Julius Musyoka Ndambuki. "Status of Groundwater Table Depth Under Long-Term Irrigation in Wonji Plain: Concerns for Sustainability of Wonji-Shoa Sugar Estate, Upper Awash Valley, Ethiopia." Sustainable Agriculture Research 3, no. 3 (2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v3n3p16.
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<p>The present study attempted to highlight the concerns of shallow groundwater table depth (GWTD) to the sustainability of Wonji-Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE), Upper Awash Valley of Ethiopia. The recent magnitude and fluctuation of GWTD is mapped in ArcView GIS (using universal kriging technique) from the monthly GWTD monitoring data (2007-2009) using piezometer tubes. The study result clearly showed that the GWTD at WSSE was extremely shallow, showed great spatio-seasonal variability and rising trend; thus, threatening the sustainability of WSSE significantly. About 90% of the plantation fields have GWTD above the critical depth of 1.5 m below the soil surface and, hence, critically waterlogged. As a result, the estate is recently achieving only 55% of the production potential realized in the 1960s. Past trends indicate that the GW has the potential to inundate Wonji plain and is anticipated to devastate production during the next 10-15 years. Therefore, in order to sustain production system in the region, there is an urgent need to identify the possible causes of waterlogging and investigate the feasible remedial measures to combat its problems. The spatial mapping of GWTD with identified problematic areas, indicated in the current study, is believed to provide a tool for water management and, hence, crucial for the decision making and actions taking processes.</p>
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Bodicherla, Vijay Kumar, Kalyan Chakravarthy, and Hemalatha Yellapragada. "Applicability of GWTG Score to Heart Failure Patients in South India." Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women - WINCARS 06, no. 01 (2021): 008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723918.
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Abstract Background The get with the guidelines (GWTG) risk score was developed to predict in-hospital mortality in acute heart failure patients. We aimed to clarify the prognostic impacts of the GWTG risk score in the south Indian heart failure patients admitted to intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) in our hospital. Aim Our primary aim was to see the applicability of predicted GWTG risk score of heart failure in the south Indian heart failure patients admitted to intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) of our hospital. Our secondary aim was to see the event rates and correlate predicted GWTG risk score of heart failure with in-hospital complications. Materials and Methods We included all the patients admitted to ICCU with the diagnosis of either ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy over 6 months (January 2018 to June 2018). Indication for admission was either symptomatic heart failure (HF) or to evaluate cause for heart failure. We recorded the demographic and clinical parameters along with the ECG, 2D echo features, and relevant laboratory investigations. The GWTG risk score was based on seven parameters. Race, age, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, sodium concentration, and presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were used to predict in-hospital all-cause mortality, and in-hospital complications were noted. Results Out of 130 patients, 97 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Out of them, 65 were males, with most of the patients between 40 to 80 years of age. Half the patients were diabetic and had abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG), and more than half were hypertensive, had clinically left ventricular failure (LVF) and diagnosed with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP). Very few were smokers, and < 30% were alcoholics, had abnormal liver function tests (LFT) and diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP). Patients were divided into ICMP and DCMP patients, and all the variables were compared. Low systolic blood pressure (BP), abnormal ECG and the mean of GWTG score were greater in 22 patients afflicted with DCMP. However, abnormal renal functions with anemia and more NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) elevations were observed in ICMP HF patients. Out of 97 patients 70% patients had GTWG score of 34 to 50. There were no patients with score > 58 in our study. Eighteen patients showed in-hospital complications. Five patients died with mean GWTG score 45.00, and they experienced cardiogenic shock with tachycardia and severe LV dysfunction (ejection fraction [EF] < 15%), renal failure, hyponatremia, NT-proBNP levels > 25,000 pg/dl and hepatic derangement at admission. A total of 92 patients were discharged with 39.02 mean GWTG score. There was a significant difference between the mean GWTG scores of patients in their final status (discharged/death) (p = 0.040). Also, patients with in-hospital complications had higher GWTG values (on an average 7 scores higher) than without complications (p = 0.000). Conclusions GWTG scores were able to predict (with statistical significance) the true end results for both complications during hospitalization and final discharge/death in hospitalized Indian HF patients. Higher GWTG Scores were an indication of complications or death (39 for complications and 45 for death seems to be the possible average values).
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Poggiani, Rosa. "Review: the landscape of gravitational wave astronomy." Acta Polytechnica 65, no. 1 (2025): 79–91. https://doi.org/10.14311/ap.2025.65.0079.
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The direct detection of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger has opened a new window in observational astronomy. The first three observing runs of the LIGO/Virgo groundbased interferometers have produced a broad range of scientific results, including the first observationsof a binary neutron star merger and a neutron star-black hole merger. The observations include some exceptional events and other mergers reported in the GWTC-1, GWTC-2, GWTC-2.1, GWTC-3 catalogues, that have allowed tests of general relativity and studies of black hole and neutron star populations. The paper is a concise review of ground-based gravitational wave astronomy and related multi-messenger observations over the electromagnetic spectrum and the neutrino domain. Since the spectrum of gravitational waves extends over a broad frequency range, other techniques for gravitational wave detection outside the sensitivity band of ground-based interferometers will also be discussed.
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Boralkar, Kalyani Anil, Yukari Kobayashi, Kegan J. Moneghetti, et al. "Improving risk stratification in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by combining two validated risk scores." Open Heart 6, no. 1 (2019): e000961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2018-000961.
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IntroductionThe Intermountain Risk Score (IMRS) was developed and validated to predict short-term and long-term mortality in hospitalised patients using demographics and commonly available laboratory data. In this study, we sought to determine whether the IMRS also predicts all-cause mortality in patients hospitalised with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and whether it is complementary to the Get with the Guidelines Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) risk score or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).Methods and resultsWe used the Stanford Translational Research Integrated Database Environment to identify 3847 adult patients with a diagnosis of HFpEF between January 1998 and December 2016. Of these, 580 were hospitalised with a primary diagnosis of acute HFpEF. Mean age was 76±16 years, the majority being female (58%), with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (36%) and a history of coronary artery disease (60%). Over a median follow-up of 2.0 years, 140 (24%) patients died. On multivariable analysis, the IMRS and GWTG-HF risk score were independently associated with all-cause mortality (standardised HRs IMRS (1.55 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.93)); GWTG-HF (1.60 (95% CI 1.27 to 2.01))). Combining the two scores, improved the net reclassification over GWTG-HF alone by 36.2%. In patients with available NT-proBNP (n=341), NT-proBNP improved the net reclassification of each score by 46.2% (IMRS) and 36.3% (GWTG-HF).ConclusionIMRS and GWTG-HF risk scores, along with NT-proBNP, play a complementary role in predicting outcome in patients hospitalised with HFpEF.
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Escamilla-Rivera, Celia, and Antonio Nájera. "Dynamical dark energy models in the light of gravitational-wave transient catalogues." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 03 (2022): 060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/03/060.
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Abstract The study of current gravitational waves (GW) catalogues provide an interesting model independent way to understand further the nature of dark energy. In this work, we present an update of the constrains related to dynamical dark energy parametrisations using recent Gravitational-Wave Transient catalogues (GWTC-1 and GWTC-2) along with Type Ia supernova (SNeIa) and Cosmic Chronometers (CC) catalogues. According to our Bayesian results using the full SNeIa+CC+GW database, the ΛCDM model shows a strong preference against two dark energy parameterisation known as Barboza-Alcaniz (BA) and the Low Correlation (LC) models. Also, we obtain a very strong preference against the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) model. Furthermore, we generated a mock GW catalogue and estimate that we require approximately 1000 standard sirens to have a constrain of H 0 within 1% relative error, quantity that is out of reach of current standard sirens candidates in GWTC-1 and GWTC-2 catalogues.
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Sodaitienė, Edita, Danutė Kaušpėdienė, Audronė Gefenienė, Romas Ragauskas, and Rimantas Ramanauskas. "COMBINED ACTION OF ADSORPTION AND CATALYTIC OXIDATION IN ALUMINUM DYE REMOVAL BY GROUNDWATER TREATMENT WASTE." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 30, no. 1 (2022): 66–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.16286.
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The performance of groundwater treatment waste (GWTW) as an adsorbent and catalyst in the decoloration of aluminum dye Sanodure green LWN (SG) solution was investigated. The raw GWTW was more suitable for dye removal than calcined at 800 °C temperature. The catalytic activity of GWTW in Fenton-like reactions in sunlight increases with decreasing pH from 5.5 to 2.5 and increasing temperature from 20 to 60 °C. The rate of 70% decoloration in the first 5 min and 92% after 50 min of 100 mg/L SG dye solution was reached at 50 °C and pH 3. Kinetics of the SG dye color removal fitted well with the double exponential and two-stage pseudo-first-order kinetic models. The activation energy of the first stage of the SG dye degradation reaction is 30.45 kJ/mol. GWTW could be re-used for the pre-treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater before entering the wastewater treatment plant.
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Dwiyantoro, W., T. F. Fathani, and A. D. Adi. "Influence of Groundwater Table Fluctuation on Liquefaction Potential Analysis Using Cyclic Stress Approach." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1184, no. 1 (2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1184/1/012006.
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Abstract In addition to earthquakes, groundwater table (GWT) also contributes to uncertainty in liquefaction analysis, so it needs to be considered. This research was conducted by analyzing the liquefaction potential with a cyclic stress approach using standard penetration test data and cone penetration test data with varied GWT in a case study of building design in Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region. The liquefaction safety factor (FS L ) was calculated to obtain the liquefaction potential index (LPI) and liquefaction severity index (LSI). Based on the survey results, the GWT ranges from -6 m to -8 m. Referring to the FS L , there are several soil layers that have liquefaction potential at all GWT variations. The shallower the GWT, the greater the LPI and LSI values at the same point will be. Changes in GWT from -8 m to -6 m cause changes in the LPI and LSI classifications at several points. Based on LPI classification, the location belongs to high to very high category at -8 m and -7 m GWT and very high category at -6 m GWT. Based on LSI classification, the location belongs to low category at -8 m GWT, and low to moderate category at -7 m and -6 m GWT.
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HAFSI, Taïeb. "Pour un débat intellectuel plus riche / Toward a Richer Intellectual Debate." Management international 1, no. 1 (1996): I—VIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-gwk3-tzyj.
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Engelsgjerd, Erik K., Catherine P. Benziger, and Benjamin D. Horne. "Validation of the Intermountain Risk Score and Get with the Guidelines—Heart Failure Score in predicting mortality." Open Heart 8, no. 2 (2021): e001722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001722.
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ObjectiveThe Intermountain Risk Score (IMRS) was evaluated for validation as a mortality predictor and compared with the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines—Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) risk score in a rural heart failure (HF) population.BackgroundIMRS predicts mortality in general populations using common, inexpensive laboratory tests, patient age and sex, but requires validation in patients with HF.MethodsIndividuals were selected from the GWTG-HF registry at Essentia Health. This included consecutive HF inpatients age ≥18 years admitted July 2017–June 2019. IMRS was calculated using sex-specific weightings of the complete blood count, basic metabolic profile, and age.ResultsA total of 703 individuals (mean age: 74.12, 44.38% female) were studied. The 30-day IMRS predicted 30-day mortality for both sexes (females n=312: OR=1.19 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.32) per +1, p<0.001; males n=391: OR=1.23 (CI 1.12 to 1.36) per +1, p<0.001). The GWTG-HF risk score (only available in n=300, 42.7%) was independent of IMRS for 30-day mortality (OR=1.11 (CI 1.06 to 1.16) per +1, p<0.001). Using thresholds in bivariate modelling, IMRS (high vs low risk, OR=8.25 (CI 2.19 to 31.09), p=0.002) and the GWTG-HF score (tertile 3 vs 1: OR=2.18 (CI 0.84 to 5.68), p=0.11) independently predicted mortality. In multivariable analyses including covariables, IMRS (high vs low risk: OR=6.69 (CI 1.75 to 25.60), p=0.005) and the GWTG-HF score (tertile 3 vs 1: OR=2.62 (CI 0.96 to 7.12), p=0.06) remained predictors of mortality. Results were similar for 1-year mortality.ConclusionsThe IMRS and GWTG-HF scores predicted mortality of patients with HF in a large rural healthcare system. Future study of these scores as initial clinical risk estimators for evaluating their utility in improving patient health outcomes and increasing cost effectiveness is warranted.
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Guo, Xing Wu, Jian Wei Chang, Shang Ming He, Peng Huai Fu, and Wen Jiang Ding. "Application of Electrochemical Techniques to Characterization of the Corrosion Behaviors of GW63 Alloys." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.571.
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The corrosion behavior of GW63 (Mg-6wt.%Gd-3wt.%Y-0.4wt.%Zr) alloys in 5% NaCl aqueous solution has been investigated by PARSTAT 2273 instrument. The Open Circuit Potential (ECORR) vs. time curve, cyclic polarization (Pitting Scans) curve and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was measured for the GW63 alloys in as-cast and T6 heat treatment conditions. The EIS results indicated that the tendency of impedance variation for as-cast condition was monotonic decreasing, however, the tendency of variation for T6 condition was not completely monotonic but the total tendency was decreasing. The values of impedance of GW63 alloy at 0.1 Hz are about 103 ohm-cm2 for as-cast and T6 condition.
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Lo, Julia. "Ground Water Table Monitoring in North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia." Archives of Agriculture Research and Technology (AART) 3, no. 1 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/aart/1029.
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Monitoring of ground water table in North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest was undertaken for 3 years period from December 2013 to December 2016. This is part of the initiative to monitor GWL in a peat swamp forest under different vegetation i.e., logged over forest, degraded open peatland as well as other land use such as smallholder oil palm. The effect of drainage on the GWT is also analyzed. The result showed that GWT fluctuates throughout the year, often correlate with rainfalls. 2014 is the dry year comparatively and it was reflected in the lowest GWT recorded in all transects. Forested area showed highest GWT whereas oil palm smallholder cultivation area had the lowest GWT; relatively higher GWT recorded in degraded open area most likely due to loss of peat surface caused by repeated fire in the past. Drained canals that were located within the peat swamp forest negatively affected the GWT. Overall, GWT recorded in NSPSF show negative value in most of the months except for November and December, a typical result for a peat swamp forest which had been drained.
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Li, Pan, and Jianguo Luo. "3D Processing Maps of Cast Mg-9Gd-3Y Alloy and Numerical-Experimental Verification." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 10, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5598582.
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The hot compression behavior of Mg-9Gd-3Y (GW93) alloy was investigated by carrying out isothermal compression tests at the deformation temperature range of 300–450°C and strain rate range of 0.001–1s−1. Considering the influence of the strain on the formability of the GW93 alloy, three-dimensional (3D) processing maps were established based on the dynamic material model. The 3D processing maps indicate that the formability of the material improved with the decrease of the strain rate and the increase of the heating temperature, and the material at lower heating temperature mostly underwent flow instability. The formable processing region of the hot deformation of the GW93 alloy was concentrated within the temperature range of 380–450°C and the strain rate range of 0.001–0.01 s−1. Subsequently, the 3D processing maps were embedded into the finite element (FE) software DEFORM-3D by means of user subroutines, and the formability of GW93 alloy during the isothermal plane strain forging process was predicted. The FE simulation results revealed that the formability of the material at low strain rate improved compared with that at high strain rate under the same temperature. Finally, an isothermal plane strain forging technological experiment was carried out, and the microstructure of the formed sample was analyzed. The experimental result is in good agreement with that of the numerical simulation. Combined with microstructural observation, the accuracy of the simulation results and the 3D processing maps of the GW93 alloy was verified.
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Wang, Yazhe, Di Wang, Shengjun Chen, et al. "Genomic Analysis of Two Histamine-Producing Strains Isolated from Yellowfin Tuna." Foods 14, no. 9 (2025): 1532. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091532.
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Psychrotrophic Morganella spp. is a typical histamine producer commonly found in seafood, exhibiting a high histamine-producing capacity. In this study, two strains of Morganella (GWT 902 and GWT 904) isolated from yellowfin tuna were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization. Phenotypic analysis reveals differences in growth temperature, NaCl tolerance, and D-galactose fermentation capacity between the two strains. Notably, the histamine production capacity of GWT 902 is significantly higher than that of GWT 904 at 4 °C. The complete genome sequences of strains GWT 902 and GWT 904 were sequenced, identifying GWT 902 as Morganella psychrotolerans and GWT 904 as Morganella morganii subsp. sibonii. Genomic analysis confirms the presence of histidine decarboxylase gene clusters (hdcT1, hdc, hdcT2, hisRS) in both strains, and sequence alignment shows that the amino acid sequence similarity of histidine decarboxylase encoded by the hdc gene was 95.24%. Gene function analysis further identified genes associated with putrescine biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, lipase and protease secretion, and detected key genes in quorum sensing (QS), stress adaptation, and antibiotic resistance. This study provides valuable insights into the taxonomic analysis of psychrotrophic Morganella spp. and contributes to the development of efficient strategies for preventing histamine formation in seafood.
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Françoys, Astrid, Orly Mendoza, Junwei Hu, et al. "The effect of groundwater depth on topsoil organic matter mineralization during a simulated dry summer in northwestern Europe." SOIL 11, no. 1 (2025): 121–40. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-11-121-2025.
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Abstract. With climate change expected to intensify the occurrence and severity of droughts, the impacts of the groundwater table (GWT) depth and capillary rise on topsoil moisture may become critical drivers of biological activity. Consequently, the GWT depth could influence topsoil carbon (C) mineralization. In this study, undisturbed 200 cm long soil columns with three different textures (loamy sand, sandy loam and silt loam) were subjected to two artificial GWT depths (−165 and −115 cm) in the laboratory. We examined (1) upward moisture flow by capillary action along the soil profile, specifically into the top 20 cm of soil, and (2) the effect of the GWT on the decomposition of an added 13C-enriched substrate (ryegrass) over a period of 10 weeks, with limited wetting events representing a dry summer. A 50 cm difference in the GWT depth (−165 vs. −115 cm) resulted in different topsoil moisture values for the sandy loam (31 % vs. 38 % water-filled pore space – WFPS) and silt loam (33 % vs. 43 % WFPS) soils. In the loamy sand soil, GWT-induced moisture differences appeared only up to 85 cm above the GWT. The expected acceleration of the mineralization of the added ryegrass under a shallower GWT was not confirmed. In contrast, CO2 efflux pulses after some of the wetting events were even higher for the drier −165 cm GWT than for the −115 cm GWT across all three soil textures. Additionally, a model fitted to cumulative ryegrass mineralization showed a lower mineralization rate for the stable Cryegrass pool in the silt loam soil with the shallowest GWT, where capillary rise contributed most significantly to topsoil moisture, compared with other combinations of soil texture and GWT depth. These findings suggest that the upward capillary moisture flow, along with the resulting increase in topsoil moisture and the anticipated enhancement of biological activity and ryegrass mineralization, might have been counteracted by other processes. One possible explanation could be that rewetting may have triggered a stronger mineralization response, commonly known as the Birch effect, in drier topsoils compared with conditions in which the soil remained consistently wetter with a shallower GWT level. Based on our findings, inclusion of the process of texture-specific capillary supply from the GWT is required to adequately simulate moisture in the topsoil during droughts as they occurred over the past summers in northwestern Europe, depending on the GWT–texture combination. However, the net effect on topsoil C mineralization is complex and warrants further investigation, including the integration of processes related to fluctuations in soil moisture following rewetting.
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Chaitra, B. S., and M. G. Chandrakanth. "Optimal extraction of groundwater for irrigation: synergies from surface water bodies in tropical India." Water Policy 7, no. 6 (2005): 597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0036.
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The synergistic effects of canals and tanks in groundwater recharge that contribute to an economically sustainable path of groundwater extraction are examined. Thirty farmers each with groundwater wells located in canal command (GWCI), in tank command (GWTI) and in solely well-irrigated areas (devoid of surface water bodies) (GWSI) are studied in Tumkur district of Karnataka. Applying Pontryagin's maximum principle to find the economically sustainable path of groundwater extraction, results indicated that by following the optimal path, the life of groundwater wells will increase by an additional 8, 17 and 24 years, respectively in GWSI, GWTI and GWCI areas over myopic (or uncontrolled) extraction. The additional net present value of benefit realized is US$822, US$1,907 and US$3,636 by optimal extraction in the three well areas. GWCI farmers realized the highest net returns (US$255) per hectare of gross groundwater irrigated area followed by GWTI (US$227.5) and GWSI (US$162.5). In GWTI (GWCI) amortized cost per cubic metre of groundwater was lower by 33% (53%) compared with GWSI, which reflects positive externality owing to the synergistic role of canals and tanks in groundwater recharge.
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Olanike, Faosat Adegbola*1 Mutairu Oyewale Akintunde2. "A Hybrid Lbp (Local Binary Pattern) - Gwt (Gabor Wavelet Transform) Face Extraction Technique for Age Invariant Face Recognition System." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 3 (2025): 198–204. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15009999.
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Face recognition across ages is an important problem in face recognition system and has many applications, such as passport photo verification, image retrieval, surveillance. The major challenge of most face recognition systems degrade severely under nuisance factor like age, occlusion, motion blur, facial expression, pose and illumination variations which make their implementations fail in practice. Currently emerging solutions and implementations couldn’t handle the major challenges, especially age variations wholly in an accurate and computationally- efficient manner. To the best of our knowledge, Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT) and Local Binary Pattern (LPB) have been recognized as the two most successful local feature extraction methods for local- based face representation. This work therefore proposed a hybrid LBP-GWT face extraction technique for age invariant face recognition system and compared its efficiency with the existing algorithms using some specific evaluation techniques. LBP-GWT feature extraction technique was developed using feature level fusion. Feature level fusion involves consolidating the feature sets obtained from multiple Feature Extraction Techniques (LBP and GWT) into a single feature. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to reduce the features dimensions. Finally, Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used for classification and recognition. The hybrid LBP-GWT accuracy was tested on FG-NET aging database. The result showed hybrid LBP-GWT exhibit the lowest computational time followed by LBP and GWT respectively. In terms of recognition accuracy, the hybrid approach shows 100% accuracy while the recognition accuracy for LBP and GWT are 89.14% and 81.23% respectively. Finally, we evaluate our results with other recent work on age invariant recognition which shows hybrid LPB- GWT performs better. The Hybrid LBT-GWT feature extraction technique shows remarkable improvement over other existing algorithms in terms of computational time complexity and recognition accuracy when implemented in aging invariant face recognition system.
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Kim, Dongyeop, Eun Yeon Joo, and Su Jung Choi. "Validation of the Samsung Smartwatch for Sleep–Wake Determination and Sleep Stage Estimation." Journal of Sleep Medicine 20, no. 1 (2023): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13078/jsm.230004.
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Objectives: Galaxy Watch 3 (GW3) is a commercially available smartwatch equipped with a sleep-tracking function capable of collecting longitudinal sleep data in a real-world environment. We aimed to investigate the validity of GW3 for estimating sleep stages compared with reference data from polysomnography (PSG).Methods: Thirty-two healthy adults (mean age 37.8, male 87.5%) were recruited to wear a GW3 concurrently with in-laboratory overnight PSG recording. Sleep parameters, including total sleep time (TST) and the duration of each sleep stage (light, deep, and rapid eye movement [REM] sleep), were calculated for both GW3 and PSG. Sleep parameters were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland–Altman plots. The epoch-by-epoch classification performance was evaluated to determine the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, kappa values, and confusion matrices.Results: Bland–Altman plots showed moderate agreement between GW3 and PSG for TST (ICC=0.640), light sleep (ICC=0.518), and deep sleep (ICC=0.639), whereas REM sleep duration was not reliably estimated using the GW3. The GW3 overestimated TST by a mean of 9.5 min. The sensitivity of epoch-by-epoch sleep detection was 0.954; however, the specificity was 0.524. The sensitivity of each sleep stage estimation was 0.695 for light sleep, 0.612 for deep sleep, and 0.598 for REM sleep. The overall accuracy of GW3 in distinguishing the four-stage sleep epochs was 0.651.Conclusions: GW3 demonstrated high performance in sleep detection but moderate performance in wake determination and sleep stage estimation compared with PSG results, which were comparable to previously reported results for other consumer wearable devices.
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Banerjee, Sambaran. "Stellar-mass black holes in young massive and open stellar clusters – V. comparisons with LIGO-Virgo merger rate densities." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 503, no. 3 (2021): 3371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab591.
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ABSTRACT I study the contribution of young massive star clusters (YMCs) and open star clusters (OCs) to the present day, intrinsic merger rate density of dynamically assembled binary black holes (BBHs). The BBH merger event rate is estimated based on a set of state-of-the-art evolutionary models of star clusters, as presented in Banerjee (2021). The merger-event rates are obtained by constructing a cluster population of the Universe, out of the models, taking into account mass distribution of clusters and cosmic star formation and enrichment histories, as per observations. The model BBH merger rate density ranges from a pessimistic to a reference value of 0.5−37.9 yr−1 Gpc−3, for a LIGO-Virgo-like detector horizon. The reference rate well accommodates the BBH merger rate densities estimated from GWTC-1 and GWTC-2 merger-event catalogues. The computed models also yield differential BBH merger rate densities that agree reasonably with those from GWTC-1 and, as well, with the much more constrained ones from GWTC-2. These results suggest that dynamical interactions in YMCs and OCs can, in principle, alone explain the BBH merger rate density and its dependence on the merging-binary properties, as inferred from to-date gravitational-wave (GW) events. The cosmic merger rate density evolution also agrees with GWTC-2. The models predict a rate of ≈5 yr−1 Gpc−3 for eccentric LIGO-Virgo mergers from YMCs and OCs. The improving constraints on BBH merger rate density with mounting GW events will help constraining scenarios of star cluster formation across cosmic time and as well the relative contributions of the various compact binary merger channels.
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Naruse, Hiroyuki, Junnichi Ishii, Hiroshi Takahashi, et al. "Combined Assessment of D-Dimer with the Get with the Guidelines—Heart Failure Risk Score and N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (2021): 3564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163564.
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The prognostic role of D-dimer in different types of heart failure (HF) is poorly understood. We investigated the prognostic value of D-dimer on admission, both independently and in combination with the Get With The Guidelines—Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) risk score and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and acute decompensated HF (HFpEF) or reduced LVEF (HFrEF). Baseline D-dimer levels were measured on admission in 1670 patients (mean age: 75 years) who were hospitalized for worsening HF. Of those patients, 586 (35%) were categorized as HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 50%) and 1084 as HFrEF (LVEF < 50%). During the 12-month follow-up period after admission, 360 patients died. Elevated levels (at least the highest tertile value) of D-dimer, GWTG-HF risk score, and NT-proBNP were all independently associated with mortality in all HFpEF and HFrEF patients (all p < 0.05). Adding D-dimer to a baseline model with a GWTG-HF risk score and NT-proBNP improved the net reclassification and integrated discrimination improvement for mortality greater than the baseline model alone in all populations (all p < 0.001). The number of elevations in D-dimer, GWTG-HF risk score, and NT-proBNP were independently associated with a higher risk of mortality in all study populations (HFpEF and HFrEF patients; all p < 0.001). The combination of D-dimer, which is independently predictive of mortality, with the GWTG-HF risk score and NT-proBNP could improve early prediction of 12-month mortality in patients with acute decompensated HF, regardless of the HF phenotype.
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Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Nazim, Zifu Li, Heinz-Peter Mang, et al. "Opportunities and challenges for greywater treatment and reuse in Mongolia: lessons learnt from piloted systems." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 4, no. 3 (2014): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2014.008.
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In Mongolia, as worldwide, communities are challenged by water scarcity, depletion and pollution. Greywater treatment and reuse could partially meet water demand and help protect the environment and health. In March 2010, greywater from six randomly sampled households in the Ger areas of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, was analyzed followed by the development of three innovative treatment systems: an underground (UG-), greenhouse (GH-) and ice-hole greywater treatment unit (IH-GWTU). The UG- and GH-GWTU were implemented to identify opportunities and challenges for future investments in greywater treatment and reuse. Users' and non-users' perceptions, and business opportunities, were assessed. Laboratory analysis showed a high chemical oxygen demand (6,072–12,144 mg/l), N-NH4+ (183.7–322.6 mg/l), PO4− (12.6–88.2 mg/l) and total suspended solids (880–3,200 mg/l) – values exceeding the WHO guidelines and much higher than in any other country: low water consumption combined with traditional diet might be major reasons. Odourless and colourless water after treatment in a UG-GWTU lead to more acceptance than a GH-GWTU. Business opportunities include the use of treated water for irrigation, considering WHO and national standards. Further research focuses on seasonality of installation, technical shortcomings, maintenance, biological quality control and user training.
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Yeh, Hund-Der, Chao-Chih Lin, and Bo-Jei Yang. "Applying Hybrid Heuristic Approach to Identify Contaminant Source Information in Transient Groundwater Flow Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/369369.
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Simultaneous identification of the source location and release history in aquifers is complicated and time-consuming if the release of groundwater contaminant source varies in time. This paper presents an approach called SATSO-GWT to solve complicated source release problems which contain the unknowns of three location coordinates and several irregular release periods and concentrations. The SATSO-GWT combines with ordinal optimization algorithm (OOA), roulette wheel approach, and a source identification algorithm called SATS-GWT. The SATS-GWT was developed based on simulated annealing, tabu search, and three-dimensional groundwater flow and solute transport model MD2K-GWT. The OOA and roulette wheel method are utilized mainly to reduce the size of feasible solution domain and accelerate the identification of the source information. A hypothetic site with one contaminant source location and two release periods is designed to assess the applicability of the present approach. The results indicate that the performance of SATSO-GWT is superior to that of SATS-GWT. In addition, the present approach works very effectively in dealing with the cases which have different initial guesses of source location and measurement errors in the monitoring points as well as problems with large suspicious areas and several source release periods and concentrations.
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Takahashi, Ryoki, Takayasu Noguchi, Yoko Mizoguchi, Tadashi Shimoyama, Teruko Nakazawa та Tohru Ikuta. "A Synbiotic with Tumor Necrosis Factor-αInhibitory Activity Ameliorates Experimental Jejunoileal Mucosal Injury". BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9184093.
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Despite the recent development of biological modifiers for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), there continues to be considerable interest in fermented medicines because of its negligible adverse effects. We previously showed that the synbiotic Gut Working Tablet (GWT) alleviates experimental colitis. Here we show that GWT is capable of ameliorating jejunoileal mucosal injury, which is frequently seen with IBD. We created experimental jejunoileal mucositis in rats by injection of methotrexate (MTX) which increases intestinal permeability, a hallmark finding of IBD. Administering GWT to MTX-injected rats restored intestinal integrity by reversing villi shortening, crypt loss, and goblet cell depletion in the mucosa. Also GWT reduced activities of myeloperoxidase and lipid peroxidase and increased superoxide dismutase activity, which is critical for maintaining intestinal function. We further found that GWT suppressed mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in macrophage and reduced TNF-αmRNA expression in specimens with experimental colitis, which is in contrast to VSL#3 that enhanced TNF-αproduction. Together, the current and previous animal studies clearly demonstrate the protective role of GWT in chemically induced enterocolitis. Crohn’s disease, a well-known IBD, can affect any portion of the intestine, and these results suggest that GWT may be useful as a novel therapeutic or maintenance therapy for IBD.
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Selmi, Mbarka, Yasser Hamdi, and Denis Moiriat. "Multi-Hazard Assessment of a Flood Protection Levee." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (2022): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101741.
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Earthquake-induced liquefaction is one of the main causes of levee breaches that can threaten human life and property. Conventionally, liquefaction hazard has been assessed in terms of the factor of safety FoS against liquefaction which ignores the potential variability of groundwater table (GWT) due to precipitation events. A probabilistic methodology, taking into account these GWT variations over time, is therefore presented in this study to assess the liquefaction hazard of an earthen flood protection levee. A frequency analysis based on the Annual Maxima/Generalised Extreme Value (AM/GEV) approach is first used to characterize the distribution of GWT extreme values. The CPT-based method is then applied with the provided GWT scenarios to predict liquefaction and display the hazard curves. Assuming a single constant GWT estimate during an earthquake revealed a certain liquefaction hazard within a sandy layer. Considering GWT variations during earthquakes showed, however, that liquefaction is unlikely to occur with an FoS threshold set at 1.0. These findings highlight: (1) the conservatism of the conventional approach that overestimates the liquefaction hazard, (2) the importance of the proposed probabilistic approach as a complementary tool for more reliable decision-making, and (3) the dependency of liquefaction hazard predictions on the degree of uncertainty in GWT estimates and FoS threshold.
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Krivoruchenko, M. I. "πe3Form Factorf-Near the Mass Shell". Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/656239.
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The generalized Ward-Takahashi identity (gWTI) in the pion sector for broken isotopic symmetry is derived and used for the model-independent calculation of the longitudinal form factorf-of theπe3vector vertex. The on-shellf-is found to be proportional to the mass difference of the pions and the difference between the vector isospinT=1and scalar isospinT=2pion radii. A numerical estimate of the form factor yields a value two times higher than the previous estimate from the quark model. Off-shell form factors are known to be ambiguous because of the gauge dependence and the freedom in the parameterization of the fields. The near-mass-shellf-appears to be an exception, allowing for experimental verification of the consequences of the gWTI. We calculate the near-mass-shellf-using the gWTI and dispersion techniques. The results are discussed in the context of the conservation of vector current (CVC) hypothesis.
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Lasagna, Manuela, Elena Egidio, and Domenico Antonio De Luca. "Groundwater Temperature Stripes: A Simple Method to Communicate Groundwater Temperature Variations Due to Climate Change." Water 16, no. 5 (2024): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16050717.
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As our planet faces the complex challenges of global climate change, understanding and effectively communicating critical environmental indicators have become critical. This study explores the importance of reporting groundwater temperature data as a key component in understanding the broader implications of climate change with the use of new graphical tools. More specifically, the use of the groundwater temperature (GWT) stripes and bi-plots of GWT anomalies vs. time was proposed. For an in-depth examination of this subject, monitoring wells situated in the Piedmont Po plain (NW Italy) were selected, with available daily groundwater temperature data dating back to 2010. All data refer to the groundwater of the shallow unconfined aquifer within alluvial deposits. From the analyses of both GWT stripes and the bi-plot of GWT anomalies vs. time, it was possible to identify a general increase in the positive anomaly, corresponding to an increase in GWT in time in almost all of the monitoring points of the Piedmont plain. Furthermore, the utilisation of GWT stripes demonstrated the capability to effectively portray the trend of the GWT data relative to a specific point in a readily understandable manner, facilitating easy interpretation, especially when communicating to a non-scientific audience. The findings underline the urgent need to improve GWT data search and communication strategies to disseminate valuable information to policy makers, researchers, and society. By illustrating the intricate interplay between groundwater temperature and climate change, this research aims to facilitate informed decision-making and promote a proactive approach towards climate resilience.
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Guleria, Abhay, Pankaj Kumar Gupta, Sumedha Chakma, and Brijesh Kumar Yadav. "Temporal moment-based approach to understand the dissolved-phase LNAPL recovery and associated characteristics in the porous system under dynamic groundwater table conditions." AQUA — Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society 72, no. 4 (2023): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2023.188.
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Abstract The dissolved-phase hydrocarbon recovery can be the first step in decontaminating the soil–water system if spilled with light/dense non-aqueous phase liquid (L/D-NAPL). This study proposes a temporal moment-based approach to investigate the effectiveness of groundwater table manipulations for recovering dissolved-phase byproducts of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) from the subsurface system. Temporal moments were computed utilizing experimentally observed and HYDRUS-simulated dissolved-phase toluene concentration data, representative of LNAPL, under stable and dynamic groundwater table fluctuation (GWTF) scenarios. Zeroth temporal moment (ZTM) showed that the hydrocarbon mass recovery varied from 1,804 to 5,190.6 mg/L × h, with the highest variation for the rapid GWTF scenario. An increase in the ZTM of hydrocarbon was observed with an increase in the rate of change of magnitude of the water table and pore velocity fluctuation as in the case of a rapid GWTF as compared to a stable GWTF case. The value of mean residence time for the stable groundwater table case was highest for the entire experimental duration, followed by slow, general, and rapid cases. Temporal moment analysis revealed that the high dissolved-phase hydrocarbon recovery could be achieved by manipulating groundwater table conditions. The present study provides a powerful technique to improve dissolved hydrocarbon remediation in mineral aquifers using hydrological restorations.
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Abbasi, R., M. Ackermann, J. Adams, et al. "A Search for IceCube Sub-TeV Neutrinos Correlated with Gravitational-wave Events Detected By LIGO/Virgo." Astrophysical Journal 959, no. 2 (2023): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aceefc.
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Abstract The LIGO/Virgo collaboration published the catalogs GWTC-1, GWTC-2.1, and GWTC-3 containing candidate gravitational-wave (GW) events detected during its runs O1, O2, and O3. These GW events can be possible sites of neutrino emission. In this paper, we present a search for neutrino counterparts of 90 GW candidates using IceCube DeepCore, the low-energy infill array of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The search is conducted using an unbinned maximum likelihood method, within a time window of 1000 s, and uses the spatial and timing information from the GW events. The neutrinos used for the search have energies ranging from a few GeV to several tens of TeV. We do not find any significant emission of neutrinos, and place upper limits on the flux and the isotropic-equivalent energy emitted in low-energy neutrinos. We also conduct a binomial test to search for source populations potentially contributing to neutrino emission. We report a nondetection of a significant neutrino-source population with this test.
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Liu, Huabing, Xiang Zhang, Xiaoxiao Wei, Jin Gan, and Chuanhai Jiang. "The Effect of Warm Shot Peening on Microstructure Evolution and Residual Stress in Gradient Nanostructured Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr Alloys." Coatings 15, no. 3 (2025): 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15030316.
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This work systematically investigated the effects of warm shot peening (WSP) on the microstructure evolution, residual stress, and microhardness of the Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr (GW83) alloy by X-ray diffraction line profile analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray stress analyzer and hardness tester. The results indicated that severe plastic deformation induced by WSP resulted in a gradient nanostructure in the GW83 alloy, accompanied by significant compressive residual stress. In contrast to conventional SP, WSP led to working softening due to the dynamic recrystallization behavior. The formation of nanograins in the GW83 alloy during WSP occurs in three steps: (i) at an early stage, the introduction of a high density of dislocations and a few deformation twins subdivide bulk grains into substructures; (ii) through the processes of dislocation gliding, accumulation, and rearrangement, these substructures undergo further refinement, gradually evolving into ultrafine grains; and (iii) the inhomogeneous ultrafine grains develop into nanograins through dislocation-assisted lattice rotation and dynamic recrystallization.
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Shrestha, Prabhakar. "Clouds and Vegetation Modulate Shallow Groundwater Table Depth." Journal of Hydrometeorology 22, no. 4 (2021): 753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0171.1.
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AbstractA 10-yr simulation of shallow groundwater table (GWT) depth over a temperate region in northwestern Europe, using a physics-based integrated hydrological model at kilometer scale, exhibits a strong seasonal cycle. This is also well captured in terms of near-surface soil moisture anomalies, terrestrial water storage anomalies, and shallow GWT depth anomalies from observations over the region. The modeled monthly anomaly of GWT depth exhibits a statistically significant (p < 0.05) moderate positive/negative correlation with non-rain- and rain-affected monthly anomalies of incoming solar radiation. The vegetation cover also produces a strong local control on the variability of shallow GWT depth. Thus, much of the variability in the simulated seasonal cycle of shallow GWT depth could be linked to the distribution of clouds and vegetation. The spatiotemporal distribution of clouds, partly influenced by the Rhine Massif, modulates the seasonal variability of incoming solar radiation and precipitation over the region. Particularly, the southwestern and northern part of the Rhine Massif divided by the Rhine Valley exhibits a dipole behavior with relatively high (low) shallow GWT depth fluctuations, associated with positive (negative) anomaly of incoming solar radiation and negative (positive) anomaly of precipitation.
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Egidio, Elena, Susanna Mancini, Domenico Antonio De Luca, and Manuela Lasagna. "The Impact of Climate Change on Groundwater Temperature of the Piedmont Po Plain (NW Italy)." Water 14, no. 18 (2022): 2797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14182797.
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This paper represents the first regional-scale investigation in the Piedmont Po plain about the relationship between groundwater temperature (GWT) and climate variability. The understanding of relationships between air temperature (AT) and GWT is really important, especially in the context of global climate change. The aim of this investigation is to study the relationship between GWT and AT over a 10-year time period (from 2010 to 2019) to analyse how these two parameters interrelate and to evaluate possible trends. To carry out this study, basic statistic interpolations were performed on both parameters to facilitate comparison. Both AT and GWT showed an increase over the observed decade with a more pronounced growth of the AT; this allow to state that GWT is more resilient to climate change than AT. However, some areas in the Piedmont plain showed a behaviour that partially deviated from the standard trend observe for the majority of the region. These areas were influenced by particular anthropic factors (for example the paddy fields in the Novara plain) or natural elements (as the monitoring wells in the “Canavese” area, located downstream of melting glaciers, or the wells located close to the Tanaro River). Moreover, this study wanted to stress the importance of the knowledge of the localization in wells of the instruments for the GWT measurement, to have the most accurate and comparable data. It was proved that as the depth increased, the maximum and minimum peaks of the GWT shifted in time respect to the maximum and minimum peaks of the AT, and, in addition, the GWT fluctuation in the bottom part of the aquifer was milder than the fluctuation observed in the most superficial part. Further investigations will be conducted in future in Piedmont plain areas with different behavior, in order to better understand their dynamics and the factors that may influence GWT and how they are affected by climate change.
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Mahardika, Rabbirl Yarham, Gusti Zakaria Anshari, and Urai Edi Suryadi. "CO2 emissions of tropical peat soils under controlled groundwater table depths: A laboratory-based experiment." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 11, no. 4 (2024): 6135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2024.114.6135.
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The groundwater table (GWT) is widely recognized as a key factor influencing CO2 emissions in tropical peatlands. However, previous studies investigating this relationship have reported diverse results. This variability likely stems from the dynamic nature of field-based groundwater conditions. To address this, our study investigated the relationship between controlled GWT and CO2 emissions in a laboratory experiment using PVC columns filled with peat soil. GWT depths were adjusted to 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm, and 60 cm within a large container filled with peat pore water. CO2 emissions were measured using an Infra Red Gas Analyzer - Environmental Gas Monitoring-4 instrument, with a closed-chamber system. Our findings revealed significant differences in CO2 emissions between treatments, except for the transition from 20 cm to 30 cm GWT. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation (R² = 0.25). Notably, CO2 emission factor values based on average yearly emission rates displayed a substantial increase with decreasing GWT, exhibiting a strong exponential relationship (R² = 0.99).
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Shanahan, Murray, and Bernard Baars. "Global workspace theory emerges unscathed." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 5-6 (2007): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07003056.
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AbstractOur aim in this reply is to defend Global Workspace theory (GWT) from the challenge of Block's article. We argue that Block's article relies on an outdated and imprecise concept of access, and perpetuates a common misunderstanding of GWT that conflates the global workspace with working memory. In the light of the relevant clarifications, Block's conclusion turns out to be unwarranted, and the basic tenets of GWT emerge unscathed.
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Ajab, Muhammad, Imtiaz Ahmad Taj, Imran Shafi, and Srdjan Stankovic. "A New Form of Gabor Wigner Transform by Adaptive Thresholding in Gabor Transform and Wigner Distribution and the Power of Signal Synthesis Techniques to Enhance the Strengths of GWT." Metrology and Measurement Systems 20, no. 1 (2013): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2013-0009.
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Abstract In this paper, a modified form of the Gabor Wigner Transform (GWT) has been proposed. It is based on adaptive thresholding in the Gabor Transform (GT) and Wigner Distribution (WD). The modified GWT combines the advantages of both GT and WD and proves itself as a powerful tool for analyzing multi-component signals. Performance analyses of the proposed distribution are tested on the examples, show high resolution and crossterms suppression. To exploit the strengths of GWT, the signal synthesis technique is used to extract amplitude varying auto-components of a multi-component signal. The proposed technique improves the readability of GWT and proves advantages of combined effects of these signal processing techniques.
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Ajab, Muhammad, Imtiaz Ahmad Taj, and Nabeel Ali Khan. "Comparative analysis of variants of Gabor-Wigner transform for cross-term reduction." Metrology and Measurement Systems 19, no. 3 (2012): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-012-0043-6.
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Abstract Gabor Wigner Transform (GWT) is a composition of two time-frequency planes (Gabor Transform (GT) and Wigner Distribution (WD)), and hence GWT takes the advantages of both transforms (high resolution of WD and cross-terms free GT). In multi-component signal analysis where GWT fails to extract auto-components, the marriage of signal processing and image processing techniques proved their potential to extract autocomponents. The proposed algorithm maintained the resolution of auto-components. This work also shows that the Fractional Fourier Transform (FRFT) domain is a powerful tool for signal analysis. Performance analysis of modified fractional GWT reveals that it provides a solution of cross-terms of WD and blurring of GT.
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Bertermann, David, and Mario Rammler. "Suitability of Screened Monitoring Wells for Temperature Measurements Regarding Large-Scale Geothermal Collector Systems." Geosciences 12, no. 4 (2022): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12040162.
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Groundwater temperature (GWT) is usually measured using screened monitoring wells (MWs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether MWs are suitable for monitoring the effects of large-scale geothermal collector systems (LSCs) on GWT, focusing on possible vertical flows within the MWs due to both natural and forced convection. Comparative temperature depth profiles were therefore recorded over a period of nine months in both shallow MWs and in small-diameter, non-screened temperature monitoring stations (TMSs), each of which was installed in a single borehole. Particularly high temperature deviations were measured in MWs in the upper part of the water column where the GWT reached up to 1.8 K warmer than in the surrounding subsurface. These deviations correlate unambiguously with the prevailing positive thermal gradients and are caused by thermal convection. Where forced convection occurred, the GWT was measured to be up to 0.8 K colder. Potential temperature deviations must be considered when monitoring very shallow GWT as thermal gradients can be particularly high in these zones. For monitoring concepts of LSCs, a combination of MW and TMS is proposed for GWT measurements decoupled by the effects of convection and in order to enable further investigations such as pumping tests.
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Ormseth, Cora H., Kevin N. Sheth, Jeffrey L. Saver, Gregg C. Fonarow, and Lee H. Schwamm. "The American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke development and impact on stroke care." Stroke and Vascular Neurology 2, no. 2 (2017): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/svn-2017-000092.
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The American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines (GWTG)-Stroke programme has changed stroke care delivery in the USA since its establishment in 2003. GWTG is a voluntary registry and continuous quality improvement initiative that collects data on patient characteristics, hospital adherence to guidelines and inpatient outcomes. Implementation of the programme saw increased provision of evidence-based care and improved patient outcomes. This review will describe the development of the programme and discuss the impact on stroke outcomes and transformation of stroke care delivery that followed its implementation.
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Wiwindari, Dian, Winda Harsanti, and Chairul Muharis. "EVALUASI TERHADAP PERENCANAAN JARINGAN PIPA AIR BERSIH APARTEMEN WESTOWN VIEW SURABAYA." Jurnal Online Skripsi Manajemen Rekayasa Konstruksi (JOS-MRK) 6, no. 1 (2025): 91–97. https://doi.org/10.33795/jos-mrk.v6i1.5934.
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Apartemen Westown View Surabaya merupakan gedung bertingkat yang terdiri dari 45 lantai yang membutuhkan perencanaan jaringan pipa yang tepat. Evaluasi ini bertujuan untuk menunjang kenyamanan penghuni sehingga dapat memberikan jaringan pipa yang sesuai dengan perencanaan. Pada penelitian ini cara untuk mengevaluasi jaringan pipa air bersih dengan membandingkan data eksisting dengan data hasil rencana. Pada perencanaan jaringan pipa air bersih eksisting berpedoman pada SNI 03-7065-2005 dan menggunakan metode Beban Unit Alat Plambing untuk memperkirakan jumlah penghuni sedangkan pada penelitian ini berpedoman pada SNI 8153-2015 dan menggunakan metode perbandingan luas lantai efektif untuk memperkirakan jumlah penghuni. Pada jaringan pipa air bersih eksisting dimensi pipa yang digunakan berukuran 1/2 – 4 Inch, memiliki 2 Ground Water Tank (GWT) yang mana volume masing-masing GWT sebesar 447,15 m3 sehingga masing-masing GWT berukuran berukuran 10 m × 13,55 m × 3,3 m dan roof tank yang digunakan berkapasitas 30 m3. Pada penelitian ini perkiraan jumlah penghuni diperoleh sebanyak 7465 orang sehingga kebutuhan air bersih pada jam puncak 0,07465 m3/detik. Dimensi pipa air bersih yang digunakan berukuran 3/4 – 4 Inch yang dilengkapi dengan 2 unit Ground Water Tank (GWT) dengan volume masing-masing GWT sebesar 406,08 m3 sehingga masing-masing GWT berukuran 9,4 m × 14,4 m × 3,3 m. Kapasitas roof tank yang digunakan 30 m3 sehingga pengisian pada roof tank dilakukan 4 kali per hari.
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Wei, Yulong, De Wang, Fubin Luo, et al. "High-Temporal-Resolution Modeling of Land Surface Temperature and Groundwater Level Impacts on Shallow Aquifer Thermal Regimes." Water 17, no. 7 (2025): 1107. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17071107.
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Climate change is recognized to directly and indirectly affect groundwater systems. However, the mechanisms through which climate change influences groundwater temperature (GWT), particularly how seasonal variations mediate these effects, remain incompletely understood. This study utilized high-temporal-resolution (hourly) data by parameterizing groundwater levels (GWLs) and instantaneous temperature gradients to model GWT, establishing the Seasonally Adaptive Thermal Diffusivity Numerical Model (SATDNM). Through scenario analyses, the potential impacts of climate change on GWT were simulated. The results indicate that our model captures seasonal and interannual variations more precisely compared to classical models, revealing the seasonal influence of GWLs and instantaneous temperature gradients on subsurface thermal properties such as advents and wet-season rainfall, as well as long-term surface warming and GWL decline. The key findings include (1) a greater sensitivity to extreme heat during winter, (2) wet-season rainfall potentially stabilizing groundwater temperature, and (3) declining GWLs amplifying GWT fluctuations. By 2100, the projected mean GWT increases under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios are approximately 0.51 °C (SSP1-2.6), 1.25 °C (SSP2-4.5), 2.19 °C (SSP3-7.0), and 2.87 °C (SSP5-8.5). Under four scenarios of annual GWL decline rates, GWT fluctuations increased by approximately 0.094 °C (0.01 m/year), 0.27 °C (0.02 m/year), 0.44 °C (0.03 m/year), and 0.67 °C (0.04 m/year), respectively. These findings enhance the mechanistic understanding of climate–groundwater thermal interactions and provide new insights for adaptive groundwater management under climate change.
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Zhu, Lianhua, Nan Li, Yaqiong Zhu, et al. "Value of high frame rate contrast enhanced ultrasound in gallbladder wall thickening in non-acute setting." Cancer Imaging 24, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40644-023-00651-x.
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Abstract Background Ultrasound (US) has been widely used in screening and differential diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening (GWT). However, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing wall-thickening type gallbladder cancer are limited, leading to delayed treatment or overtreatment. We aim to explore the value of high frame rate contrast enhanced ultrasound (H-CEUS) in distinguishing wall-thickening type gallbladder cancer (malignant) from GWT mimicking malignancy (benign). Methods This retrospective study enrolled consecutive patients with non-acute GWT who underwent US and H-CEUS examination before cholecystectomy. Clinical information, US image and H-CEUS image characteristics between malignant and benign GWT were compared. The independent risk factors for malignant GWT on H-CEUS images were selected by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The diagnostic performance of H-CEUS in determining malignant GWT was compared with that of the gallbladder reporting and data system (GB-RADS) score. Results Forty-six patients included 30 benign GWTs and 16 malignant GWTs. Only mural layering and interface with liver on US images were significantly different between malignant and benign GWT (P < 0.05). Differences in enhancement direction, vascular morphology, serous layer continuity, wash-out time and mural layering in the venous phase of GWT on H-CEUS images were significant between malignant and benign GWT (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of H-CEUS based on enhancement direction, vascular morphology and wash-out time in the diagnosis of malignant GWT were 93.75%, 90.00%, and 91.30%, respectively. However, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the GB-RADS score were only 68.75%, 73.33% and 71.74%, respectively. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of H-CEUS was significantly higher than that of the GB-RADS score (AUC = 0.965 vs. 0.756). Conclusions H-CEUS can accurately detect enhancement direction, vascular morphology and wash-out time of GWT, with a higher diagnostic performance than the GB-RADS score in determining wall-thickening type gallbladder cancer. This study provides a novel imaging means with high accuracy for the diagnosis of wall-thickening type gallbladder cancer, thus may be better avoiding delayed treatment or overtreatment.
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Cunha Teixeira, José, Ludovic Bodet, Agnès Rivière, et al. "Physics‐Guided Deep Learning Model for Daily Groundwater Table Maps Estimation Using Passive Surface‐Wave Dispersion." Water Resources Research 61, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037706.
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AbstractMonitoring groundwater tables (GWTs) remains challenging due to limited spatial and temporal observations. This study introduces an innovative approach combining an artificial neural network, specifically a multilayer perceptron (MLP), with continuous passive Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (passive‐MASW) to construct GWT depth maps. The geologically well‐constrained study site includes two piezometers and a permanent 2D geophone array recording train‐induced surface waves. At each point of the array, dispersion curves (DCs), displaying Rayleigh‐wave phase velocities over a frequency range of 5–50 Hz, were measured daily from December 2022 to September 2023, and latter resampled over wavelengths from 4 to 15 m, to focus on the expected GWT depths (1–5 m). Nine months of daily data near one piezometer, spanning both low and high water periods, were used to train the MLP model. GWT depths were then estimated across the geophone array, producing daily GWT maps. The model's performance was evaluated by comparing inferred GWT depths with observed measurements at the second piezometer. Results show a coefficient of determination (R2) of 80% at the training piezometer and of 68% at the test piezometer, and a remarkably low root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) of 0.03 m at both locations. These findings highlight the potential of deep learning to estimate GWT maps from seismic data with spatially limited piezometric information, offering a practical and efficient solution for monitoring groundwater dynamics across large spatial extents.
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Chesnut, Dwayne A. "Groundwater Flux, Travel Time, and Radionuclide Transport." MRS Proceedings 353 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-353-463.
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AbstractInflow measurements at Stripa and in other underground openings in Sweden, as well as observations elsewhere in mines and tunnels, reveal that there is generally an extremely broad distribution of groundwater flux in fractured rock. Non-sorbing and sorbing tracer tests typically show similar variability in groundwater travel time (GWTT) and tracer transport.In the U.S. Nuclear Waste Program, Nuclear Regulatory Commission regulations require the GWTT from the disturbed zone to the accessible environment to exceed 1000 years. The regulations seem to envision a rather uniform and narrow distribution of travel time, with perhaps a few identifiable “fast pathways” contained within the rock mass surrounding a potential repository. The premise is that most of these features could be mapped during site characterization, and that regions of the potential repository host rock containing such features could be avoided during waste emplacement.However, both field experience and theoretical studies in recent years provide strong evidence that groundwater flux, GWTT, and aqueous transport of dissolved substances exhibit extremely heterogeneous behavior, even in intact porous media and in fractured rock regions between major features. These phenomena are all dominated by the spatial distribution of permeability within the rock mass of interest. The permeability distribution is often approximately log-normal, with a natural log standard deviation, σ. For unfractured porous rock, σ typically ranges from about 0.6 to about 1.2 for field-scale investigations, and for fractured permeable media, it frequently exceeds 2. Values of σ smaller than 0.6 may be observed in small field-scale projects when the macroscopic flow regime is essentially linear within very uniform sediments and in laboratory displacement experitments.With some additional assumptions, a log-normal permeability distribution implies that groundwater flux, GWTT, and the transport of radionuclides from a potential repository are also log-normal. To first order, the appropriate value of σ describing these distributions is the same as the value for the permeability distribution. This allows σ to be estimated from a large number of hydraulic or pneumatic packer tests within the fractured rock mass of interest.We define a groundwater transport function (GWTF) for the rate of radioactivity release to the accessible environment (AE) at time t resulting from the release of a pulse of unit activity at time 0. The GWTF depends on the mean groundwater travel time, tw, and σ, as well as the retardation factor and decay constant. As σ increases from 0 (a hypothetical completely homogeneous system), the radioactivity breakthrough at early time increases from 0 to 100%. This behavior is consistent with our intuitive notions of “fast transport pathways” in heterogeneous systems, and σ is thus seen to be a parameter for quantifying the effects of heterogeneity.Convolution of the GWTF with a time-dependent release function for the Engineered Barrier System (EBS) is easily performed numerically, resulting in the rate of release to the AE as a function of time, which can then be integrated numerically to calculate the cumulative release as a function of time. The convolution approach clearly separates the effects of uncertainty and heterogeneity on repository performance and is extremely useful for sensitivity analyses. An example calculation shows the combinations of σ and tw required for compliance with total system release standards.Since the effect of heterogeneity is captured by a single parameter in a deterministic calculation, uncertainty can be investigated separately by Monte Carlo sampling from distributions of such parameters as σ, tw and source term strength, allowing (in the future) specific and scientifically meaningful goals to be defined for both site characterization and design.Finally, we emphasize that this approach, in its present form, does not include thermal effects. These effects may dominate both the EBS failure rate and hydrogeochemical behavior, including radionuclide transport, for most of the compliance period and beyond. It cannot be used directly to support any particular thermal loading strategy.
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Engel, Charles, and Jian Wang. "International Trade in Durable Goods: Understanding Volatility, Cyclicality, and Elasticities." Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute Working Papers 2007, no. 3 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.24149/gwp3.
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Gardener, Hannah, Erica C. Leifheit-Limson, Judith Lichtman, et al. "Abstract WMP90: Race/Ethnic Disparities in Short and Long Term Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries in Florida and Puerto Rico: Data from the Florida Puerto Rico Collaboration to Reduce Stroke Disparities (FL-PR CReSD) Study - the NINDS Stroke Prevention Intervention Research Program." Stroke 48, suppl_1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.wmp90.
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Background: Race/ethnic disparities in acute stroke care may impact stroke outcomes. We compared short- and long-term mortality by race/ethnicity among Medicare beneficiaries in Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) hospitals participating in the NINDS-funded prospective Florida Puerto Rico Collaboration to Reduce Stroke Disparities Registry (GWTG/CReSD), GWTG hospitals not in the Registry (GWTG/non-CReSD), and non-GWTG hospitals not in the Registry (non-GWTG/non-CReSD). Methods: The population included Medicare beneficiaries age 65+ in FL and PR, hospitalized from 2010-2013 with ischemic stroke (ICD-9 433, 434, 436; N=105,205, mean age=80 years, 54% women). We used mixed logistic models adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics to assess race/ethnic differences in in-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortality, stratifying by hospital type (GWTG/CReSD, GWTG/non-CReSD, non-GWTG/non-CReSD). Results: In the 62 GWTG/CReSD hospitals (N=44013, 84% non-Hispanic White (NHW), 9% NH-Black (NHB), 4% FL-Hispanic (FLH), 1% PR-Hispanic (PRH)), NHB had lower 30-day mortality vs NHW (10% vs 12%; OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.97), but higher 1-year mortality (22% vs 20%; OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23); there were no race/ethnic disparities for in-hospital mortality (NHB=6%, NHW=5%, FLH=7%, PRH=12%). However, in 74 GWTG/non-CReSD hospitals (N=46770, 88% NHW, 8% NHB, 2% FLH, 0% PRH), FLH (5%) and NHB (4%) had higher in-hospital mortality vs NHW (3%). For 113 non-GWTG/non-CReSD hospitals (N=14422, 78% NHW, 7% NHB, 5% FLH, 8% PRH), in-hospital mortality was higher for PRH (17%) and NHB (8%) vs NHW (5%). In-hospital and 1-year mortality were lower in CReSD and in GWTG/non-CReSD vs in non-GWTG/non-CReSD hospitals. Conclusions: FL and PR Medicare beneficiaries treated for stroke in GWTG hospitals (both GWTG/CReSD and GWTG/non-CReSD) had lower mortality vs those treated in non-GWTG hospitals; however, there were less race/ethnic disparities in in-hospital mortality for stroke patients treated at GWTG/CReSD hospitals, which are focused on reducing disparities in acute stroke care. Findings underscore the benefits of quality improvement programs, particularly those focusing on race/ethnic disparities.