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Journal articles on the topic 'Gym culture'
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Pope, Clive C., and Mary O’Sullivan. "Darwinism in the Gym." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 22, no. 3 (April 2003): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.22.3.311.
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This study examined the ecology of “free gym” as it occurred in both school lunch hour and after-school community settings. In an effort to understand how urban youth experience sport, an ethnography using multiple methods was conducted to ascertain how urban youth shape their own cultures according to the social forces operating within the gymnasium. A period of sustained observation revealed a student-imposed hierarchy that was dominated by skilled male African American basketball players. Status was gained through what occurred within the free-gym ecology. Students often had to learn the system by “serving time” before they could join a desired level of the hierarchy. While a few students thrived in this environment, most merely survived or were marginalized. Such a setting has implications for how physical education and school culture is subjected to wider societal influences. The presence of socially chronic situations such as free gym require a pedagogy that is more democratic and more enriching, thereby moving from the real toward the ideal.
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Andreasson, Jesper, and Thomas Johansson. "Bodybuilding and Fitness Doping in Transition. Historical Transformations and Contemporary Challenges." Social Sciences 8, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8030080.
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This article describes and analyses the historical development of gym and fitness culture in general and doping use in this context in particular. Theoretically, the paper utilises the concept of subculture and explores how a subcultural response can be used analytically in relation to processes of cultural normalisation as well as marginalisation. The focus is on historical and symbolic negotiations that have occurred over time, between perceived expressions of extreme body cultures and sociocultural transformations in society—with a perspective on fitness doping in public discourse. Several distinct phases in the history of fitness doping are identified. First, there is an introductory phase in the mid-1950s, in which there is an optimism connected to modernity and thoughts about scientifically-engineered bodies. Secondly, in the 1960s and 70s, a distinct bodybuilding subculture is developed, cultivating previously unseen muscular male bodies. Thirdly, there is a critical phase in the 1980s and 90s, where drugs gradually become morally objectionable. The fourth phase, the fitness revolution, can be seen as a transformational phase in gym culture. The massive bodybuilding body is replaced with the well-defined and moderately muscular fitness body, but at the same time there are strong commercialised values which contribute to the development of a new doping market. Finally, it is possible to speculate on the development of a fifth phase, in which fitness doping is increasingly being filtered into mainstream gym and fitness culture, influencing the fitness doping demography.
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Johansson, Thomas. "Gendered spaces: The gym culture and the construction of gender." YOUNG 4, no. 3 (September 1996): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/110330889600400303.
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Hertzog, Esther, and Assaf Lev. "Male Dominance under Threat: Machoism Confronts Female Defiance in Israeli Gyms." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 48, no. 6 (March 6, 2019): 836–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241619834662.
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The article discusses macho culture in Israeli gyms. It describes male trainees’ efforts to preserve their dominance, facing female trainees’ threat to undermine it. The article analyzes means, such as military icons, physical battles, and vocal expressions, used to convey male dominance at the gym. Two gyms in the metropolis of Tel Aviv were studied by the male researcher for three years, and one suburban gym was studied by the female researcher for a year. Being researchers and trainees from both genders introduced a unique perspective of gender power relations at the gym. The different sociogeographic backgrounds of the studied gyms offered a refreshing understanding of the impact of specific circumstances on gender dominance. The analysis suggests that males’ hegemony can be threatened by potential women’s dominance, as the ethnography on the suburban gym reveals. Moreover, although men are struggling forcefully to preserve their dominance over “males’ territory” at the Tel Aviv gyms, women’s gradual penetration into the perceived masculine space destabilizes it.
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Rabii, Watoii. "“‘No Tough Guys Here?’: Hybrid Masculinity in a Boxing Gym”." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 50, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 231–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241620985585.
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In this article, I explore manifest and latent discourses about masculinity in a predominantly white, middle class boxing gym. In this gym, the owner and coaches promote a discourse that emphasizes love, bridgework, and sparring with care. This discourse is part of the gym’s white-collar boxing culture. A key part of this discourse is distancing themselves from other gyms, claiming they promote a violent masculinity. While on the surface the gym criticizes certain ideals and practices associated with American hegemonic masculinity, it still reproduces discourses, norms, and practices associated with it. Employees use a latent discourse that constructs a hybrid masculinity. I argue that employees and members construct a hybrid masculinity by perpetuating ideals and practices associated with American hegemonic masculinity.
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Kristensen, Dorthe Brogård, Alev Pinar Kuruoglu, and Signe Banke. "Tracking towards care: Relational affordances of self‐tracking in gym culture." Sociology of Health & Illness 43, no. 7 (July 22, 2021): 1598–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.13352.
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Maskur, Maskur, and Irfan Noor. "USTADZ SELEBRITI ABDULLAH GYMNASTIAR DALAM BUDAYA POPULER (Perspektif Hipersemiotika Yasraf Amir Piliang)." Jurnal Studia Insania 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/jsi.v2i1.1091.
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The development of popular culture, in particular the development of information technology develops so fast as television, mobile phones and internet network as a part of the development of information technology, ultimately, it has an impact on the creation of a new reality called hyper reality. Media in this case were able to reconstruct a new reality through technological sophistication. The construction of this media also comes into the religious sphere. This can be seen in the figure of an Abdullah Gymanstiar (Aa Gym). Through the media of information, Aa Gym is not only known as an Islamic priest who offers a depth of spirituality but he is also as a celebrity through the image formed. This paper aims to identify and describe the phenomenon of celebrity ustadz, Abdullah Gymnastiar in popular culture, by using hyper semiotics approach Yasraf Amir Piliang.
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Goomyeung Kwon and ShinJongSeub. "Communication Culture between Taekwondo Leaders: Taekwondo Gym from the Perspective of Habermas." TAEKWONDO JOURNAL OF KUKKIWON 9, no. 1 (March 2018): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24881/tjk.2018.9.1.141.
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BARBOSA, Jordâna Parreira, Karem Sabrina da Cruz OLIVEIRA, and Denise Rossi FORESTO-DEL COL. "PSICOLOGIA ORGANIZACIONAL: ANÁLISE DOS VALORES ORGANIZACIONAIS DE UMA ACADEMIA." REVISTA FUNEC CIENTÍFICA - MULTIDISCIPLINAR - ISSN 2318-5287 9, no. 11 (September 14, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24980/rfcm.v9i11.4088.
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A identidade organizacional de uma empresa é composta de visão, missão e valores e é por meio deste conjunto que a organização apresenta para seus colaboradores o motivo de existir e onde pretende chegar. Os valores organizacionais são formas de conhecer a realidade organizacional e podem ser escolhidos na formação da empresa ou ao longo de sua história, recebendo influência dos fundadores e colaboradores. A partir do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os valores organizacionais na concepção dos colaboradores e dos gestores dentro de uma academia. Este trabalho caracterizou-se por uma pesquisa quantitativa exploratória e os instrumentos utilizados foram: o Questionário Sociodemográfico, o Inventário de Perfil de Valores Organizacionais (IPVO) e a Escala de Clima Organizacional (ECO). Após análise de dados, foram identificados os valores organizacionais de colaboradores e gestores em duas percepções distintas, o que sugere que há fatores divergentes na concepção desses valores. Com efeito, é relevante ressaltar a necessidade de alinhar tais concepções para fortalecimento da cultura organizacional.
ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE REVIEW AT A GYM
ABSTRACT
The organizational identity of a company comprises vision, mission, and values, through that set of principles the company provides its employees the reason to exist and where they aim to go. Organizational values are approaches the organizational reality and may be chosen during the creation of the company or even along its trajectory, being influenced either by founders and employees. Hence we see, this paper aims to identify organizational values from the administrators and employees’ views at a gym. This paper describes exploratory quantitative research using a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Organizational Culture Profile Inventory (OCPI), and Organizational Climate Scale (OCS) as tools. After data analysis, administrators and employees’ values were identified in two different views, which suggest divergent factors in the conceptions of those values. Consequently, it is important to note the necessity to align such conceptions in order to strengthen the organizational culture.
Keywords: Organizational Culture. Organizational Psychology. Organizational Values.
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Ilunga Tshiswaka, Daudet, Kelechi D. Ibe-Lamberts, Guy-Lucien S. Whembolua, Abi Fapohunda, and Eugene S. Tull. "“Going to the Gym Is Not Congolese’s Culture”: Examining Attitudes Toward Physical Activity and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Among Congolese Immigrants." Diabetes Educator 44, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721717749578.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions and attitudes around physical activity among immigrants from the Democratic Republic of Congo and examine the influence of Congolese cultural beliefs on physical activity practice. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted and augmented by photo-elicitation among 20 Congolese immigrants, distributed equally by gender, aged 35 years or older. The PEN-3 model was used as the cultural conceptual framework. Results Using both the Relationships and Expectations dimension (Perceptions, Enablers, and Nurturers) and Cultural Empowerment dimension (Positive, Existential, and Negative) of the PEN-3 model, emergent themes were categorized around knowing the benefits of being physically active (perceptions), doctor encouragement to be more physically active (enablers), and the habit and local tradition of consuming beer after a soccer match (nurturers). Other emergent themes included Congolese loves to dance (positive), going to the gym is not Congolese culture (existential), and the challenge of increased physical activity (negative). Conclusions Congolese have their intrinsic cultural perceptions and attitudes around types of physical activity. The study disclosed a much more pronounced willingness to dance (as a potential source of increased physical activity) than to go to a gym. As such, if one wants to advocate a regimen of increased physical activity to offset the risk for type 2 diabetes, dance is an alternative to consider among some immigrants.
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Wacquant, Loïc J. D. "The Social Logic of Boxing in Black Chicago: Toward a Sociology of Pugilism." Sociology of Sport Journal 9, no. 3 (September 1992): 221–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.9.3.221.
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Drawing on a 3-year ethnography and participant observation study of a ghetto gym in Chicago, this article purports to (a) de-exoticize the subproletarian bodily craft of boxing by uncovering its embedded social logic and meaning, and (b) contribute to a theory of practice that escapes the false antinomies associated with rational choice and normative models of action. The first part explores the peculiar relation of symbiotic opposition that ties the boxing gym to its proximate social matrix of the black ghetto and to the masculine street culture from which it draws its sustenance and shelters its members. The second part treats boxing as a Durkheimian “social art” whose mastery involves an intensive, ascetic, and strictly regulated manipulation of the body designed to inculcate through direct embodiment the set of corporeal, visual, and mental schemata immanent to pugilistic practice. The social production of the pugilistic habitus as embodied practical reason thus suggests the need to place the socialized lived body at the center of the analysis of social action.
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Chalohyan, Sergey, Svetlana Grigan, and Gennady Lyashko. "Features of self-learning physical culture during distance education." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 09033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127309033.
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On March 14, 2020, an order was posted on the website of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation on new rules for organizing educational activities in Russian universities, heads of higher educational institutions were instructed to organize interaction between students and teachers in the educational process in a distance format. Self-study contributes not only to the development of physical skills and health, but also helps to better assimilate the educational material, since the body must periodically receive a “jolt” between long “periods of sitting” in other disciplines. The topic of self-study is especially relevant during periods of a pandemic, when many educational institutions transfer their students to “distance education” and organized physical education classes become impossible. At this time, everyone should understand for himself that it is necessary to perform the exercises, because in such conditions most of the time is spent sitting, while not being active. The number of movements performed per day becomes too low. Therefore, daily physical activities are indispensable and necessary in everyone’s life, an alternative solution to the gym is needed, and the work offers a set of exercises at home for distance learning students.
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Andrews, Gavin J., Mark I. Sudwell, and Andrew C. Sparkes. "Towards a geography of fitness: an ethnographic case study of the gym in British bodybuilding culture." Social Science & Medicine 60, no. 4 (February 2005): 877–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.029.
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Richardson, Andrew, Kevin Dixon, and Joseph Kean. "Superheroes – Image and performance enhancing drug (IPED) use within the UK, social media and gym culture." Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 64 (May 2019): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2019.03.009.
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Nash, Meredith. "Gender on the ropes: An autoethnographic account of boxing in Tasmania, Australia." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 52, no. 6 (November 27, 2015): 734–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690215615198.
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This paper documents how I fought for a place as a boxer in a regional Tasmanian boxing gym over a 30 month period. This work builds on existing ethnographic accounts that argue that, for women, becoming a boxer is more than just a matter of developing a fit body and physical skill – it is a continual project of negotiating gendered identity. Using an analytic autoethnographic methodology and drawing on contemporary theories of masculinity, I share my individual experiences as a boxer and, in turn, reveal the complexities of bodywork and gendered identity within Tasmanian amateur boxing culture. My closing discussion analyses the way in which performances of masculinity were precarious, fragmented and anxious.
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Papailias, Penelope. "Athens as logo, habitat and gym: City branding, makeover politics and Athenians in-deed." Journal of Greek Media & Culture 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgmc.5.2.125_1.
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This article focuses on the atenistas, an Athenian citizens’ group formed in the fall of 2010 at the outset of the Greek debt crisis. The atenistas’ anti-political stance soon revealed itself to be an anti-left position, amenable to the emerging neo-liberal ethics of austerity and the collapse of the post-dictatorship ideologically-oriented party system. Based on ethnographic consideration of the group’s programmatic statements and interventions in public spaces, I parse key features of their ‘actions’ (draseis) online and off (ephemerality, theatricality, repetitiveness, didacticism, nomadism) in connection to new media participatory culture (flash mobs, social media visuality, networked affect, makeover reality television) and contemporary urban practices and processes (city rebranding, gentrification, urban gardening, lifestyle sports, occupy social movements). I highlight the salience of the environment, aesthetics and the everyday lifeworld to the group’s bid to remake the image of Athens (as logo, habitat and gym) and, thus, reformulate civic action as an activism without politics, recasting traditionally public functions as matters of individual responsibility.
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Rojas, Alexis Sossa. "I’m super-setting my life! An ethnographic comparative analysis of the growth of the gym market." Sport Science Review 25, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2016): 276–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssr-2016-0015.
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Abstract The fitness industry has undergone an explosive growth in recent decades. Some reasons for this are related to the increase in leisure time in the developed world and the importance attached nowadays to having a young-looking fat-free body. This article, based on ethnographic data from Santiago, Chile and Amsterdam, the Netherlands, seeks to add nuanced and complementary explanations to those reasons already mentioned. For example, the importance of moral, personal, social and identity significances that have also contributed to this rise are explained. I complement this with comparative information that emphasizes and clarifies the cultural factors influencing the culture of gyms.
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Lamarche, Larkin, Kimberley L. Gammage, and Brianne Ozimok. "The Gym as a Culture of Body Achievement: Exploring Negative and Positive Body Image Experiences in Men Attending University." SAGE Open 8, no. 2 (April 2018): 215824401877810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244018778103.
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Andreasson, Jesper, Åsa Tugetam, and Patrick Bergman. "Keeping Death at Bay through Health Negotiation: Older Adults’ Understanding of Health and Life within Gym and Fitness Culture." Activities, Adaptation & Aging 40, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 200–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924788.2016.1199515.
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Sassatelli, Roberta. "Healthy cities and instrumental leisure: the paradox of fitness gyms as urban phenomena." Modern Italy 20, no. 3 (August 2015): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1353294400014629.
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As urbanisation has come to characterise contemporary societies, large cities have become quite ambivalent places for the human species: they are removing the human body from its perceived natural condition, while increasingly attempting to provide a cure for the ills of a sedentary life. Fitness gyms are presented as the ‘natural' solution to our ‘unnatural' lifestyle as urban dwellers and as a therapeutic fix to the ills of metropolitan living. This paper deploys a mix of qualitative methods (ethnographic observation, interviews and discourse analysis) to explore fitness culture as an urban phenomenon. Using data from Italy and the UK, it develops a micro-sociology of the spatiality of the gym that helps to approach this institution from within, deconstructing those claims which contribute to its cultural location as a key ingredient in contemporary urban lifestyles. The paper first looks at how fitness culture is negotiated through the marshalling of structured variety within the spatiality and temporality of gyms. It then explores the specificity of fitness as urban, instrumental leisure as compared with other forms of active recreation or sports available in urban contexts. It finally considers, on the one hand, the way in which fitness activities are continuously renovated, drawing on the fields of both sport and popular culture and, on the other, the kind of subjectivity and embodiment that fitness culture normatively sustains.
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Zubair, Subaita, Urwah Ali, and Zuba’a Akhtar. "An Ethnographic Investigation of Women’s Perception and Cognition Regarding Skin Color in Pakistan." Anthropos 115, no. 2 (2020): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0257-9774-2020-2-405.
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The ethnographic study tends to explore female perception concerning diverse skin colors and different connotations associated with it in Pakistan’s society. It is intended to highlight preferable and judgmental cognitions attached with gender skin tone by exploring the reasons which propagate this kind of thinking in culture. A qualitative methodology of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions was employed. The sample included late adolescents (aged 18-24) and early adults (24-34) from the area of Islamabad and Rawalpindi (Pakistan). Purposive sampling was applied and thematic analysis was used as a qualitative paradigm. The number of respondents comprised of 15 females of which 5 were gym-goers. This culture has its biased and paradoxical ways when it comes to expectations and objectification genders face with regard to body image, particularly skin complexion. Schemas and biased standards play their role when it comes to judging people on their appearance and attractiveness. Conclusively, according to our study, fair color, attractive looks, and appealing personality always received more favors than obese, dark skin colored sexes. Fair complexion is assumed to open gates to opportunities and incredible chances for females, especially when it comes to mate selection or matrimony.
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Wang, Xiao Yu, Xin Ying Lan, and Xin Lu Zheng. "Research on Protection and Reuse of Industrial Heritage and Environment in Shenyang." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1425.
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As a historically famous city, Shenyang boasts of a wealth of industrial heritage which, however, is suffering destructions. Based on the introduction to the general situation and the characteristics of the industrial heritage and environment in Shenyang, this paper proposes the specific measures and approaches to protecting and reusing industrial heritage and environment with a view to intensifying the efforts in protection. The specific measures and approaches includes two fields: Protection and conservation(overall protection and conservation, partial protection and conservation, and components retention); and Reuse and re-creation(an industrial museum to be built in Shenyang, a gallery of industrial culture to be built, factory building with large span to be rebuilt into store, supermarket, gym or theater，some normal factory buildings to be rebuilt into apartment , hotel or office buildings，and the structure with special form can be transformed into amusement facilities in park and city landmarks).
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Stagi, Luisa. "Crossing the symbolic boundaries: parkour, gender and urban spaces in Genoa." Modern Italy 20, no. 3 (August 2015): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1353294400014678.
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This paper shows how girls and women who practise parkour cross the gendered divisions of space, sport and other symbolic territories that are brought into play by so-called risk-taking sports, and how it may therefore be considered a subversive action. The strategies of negotiation produced by such symbolic crossings are examined via the concepts of reproductive and resistant agency and of gender manoeuvring. In particular the concept of gender manoeuvring will be used to examine the mechanisms of inter- and intra-gender inclusion and exclusion which, within subcultures, pass through a recognition of authenticity. Indeed, in the culture of parkour the question of authenticity emerges when media dissemination produces a split into two distinct practices: art du déplacement and freerunning. The traceuses cross this boundary because of their different origin (they are from the streets as opposed to the gym), thereby building within their gender further discourses on authenticity.
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Shuba, Liudmyla, and Victoria Shuba. "Physical and Sports Enterprise Competitiveness." Physical education, sport and health culture in modern society, no. 3(51) (September 30, 2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2020-03-17-22.
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Despite the external and internal aspects, Ukraine continues to develop and modernize in diverse fields of activity. One of the areas that is gaining momentum in recent years is the activities of physical culture and sports organizations and their competitions with each other. The competitiveness of sports organization is a set of qualitative (non-price) and cost characteristics of physical culture and sports organization that meet the specific needs of sports organizations customers. The Research Aimed to analyze the competitiveness of physical culture and sports organization on the basis of relevant indicators to manage the competitiveness level of sports enterprise. Research Organization. The study was conducted from October 1, 2019 till February 29, 2020 on the basis of physical culture and sports organization – sports club «Sportexpert». The analysis of the services competitiveness was carried out on the example of the sports enterprise
– sports club «Sportexpert». The integral coefficient method was chosen to assess the competitiveness. Research Results. Competitiveness assessment of physical culture and sports enterprises is impossible without analysis of the services competitiveness they provide. The main advantage of the step-by-step method of competitiveness is the assessment that it involves direct measurement and evaluation of the studied indicators. Furthermore, this technique allows taking into account the significance of certain parameters with the help of weigh coefficients, which makes it possible to determine the degree of their impact on the final integrated indicator of competitiveness. The general index of service competitiveness of visiting the gym in the sports club «Sportexpert» is 0,77. That is, 77 % of sports club visitors are satisfied with the service provided. Conclusions. The obtained results of calculations demonstrate that analyzed sports club generally has good competitiveness assessment. The integral evaluation determination of competitiveness was based on 10 indicators – characteristics of the sports club activity. The strong and weak points of the «Sportexpert» sports club have been defined. The main indicators that needed to be changed were prestige of the club, cost of services, quality of equipment, professionalism of coaches, and efficiency of training programs.
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Khurtenko, O. V., S. M. Dmitrenko, N. O. Sorokina, and G. V. Lyshyshyn. "Using mobile applications as one of the means of a healthy lifestyle." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 3(133) (March 22, 2021): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.3(133).28.
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The article systematizes data on the use of the most popular mobile applications designed to increase the level of motivation of student youth. We analyzed Internet resources in order to analyze the features and benefits of free and paid mobile applications that are available for gadgets on the operating system iOS and Android. We conducted a questionnaire which aimed to determine the motives for the use of modern mobile applications by students of different ages. Thus, the use of mobile gadgets and applications to them increases the motivation to exercise, stimulates young people's interest in their own health. All applications are aimed at leading a healthy lifestyle, improving health, improving physical fitness and increasing motivation to exercise. Most young people use mobile applications in the following areas: general physical training; walking, running; strength training; control of physical fitness; proper nutrition; water balance. Among the motives of young people for the use of mobile applications in the process of physical culture and health classes are identified: figure correction, lack of time to visit the gym. Mobile applications help to adhere to the schedule, plan and mode of training, diversify daily activities and help control water balance and product selection.
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Romero Otalvaro, A. M., M. Munoz-Argel, C. Aguilar-Aruachan, and G. Padilla-Vargas Gianina. "Body image, food behavior and models esthetic in university students." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.482.
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A growing host is currently evident in young people all about sports culture where interest in body image and a strong cult of the body whose main purpose in many cases prevails is to achieve aesthetic purposes based body models of society, which may be related to an increase in risk eating behaviors and habits of excessive exercise. This research aims to examine the possible presence of three variables: eating behavior, aesthetics models and body image in male college gym users and nonusers. The variables were evaluated by applying Inventory eating disorder EDI 2, which measures the presence of symptoms associated with eating disorders. The Adonis complex Questionnaire which is used to assess the degree of concern about physical appearance and The Questionnaire Body Influences of Aesthetic Model CIMEC-40 which evaluates the internalization of cultural aesthetic ideals. The sample consists of 50 subjects, aged 18 and 24 years, students from the one University of the city of Monteria – Colombia.The results indicate that the user group show greater trend scales obsession with thinness and social insecurity than non-users, like greater influence of verbal messages regarding the cultural aesthetic models, however none of the groups expresses serious or pathological concern about body image.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Sergienko, Y. P., O. M. Lavrentiev, V. Y. Gaevyy, O. V. Starovoit, and T. M. Stepura. "The use of non-traditional health system in physical culture by taijiquan." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University Series 15 Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 8(128) (December 28, 2020): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.8(128).38.
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In the article the impact of regular taijiquan practice on the health level of people of different ages is considered. The practical experience of teachers of martial arts school „Peresvit‟ and scientific researches with the use of east sports and health technologies are analyzed and generalized. They will allow effectively and purposefully to improve physical, mental and spiritual health of human, applying various forms and methods of physical education, which will contribute to the formation of sustainable motivation for a healthy lifestyle. The pedagogical research was conducted from September, 14 to November 20, 2020 on the basis of the „All-Ukrainian Federation of Free Fight and Contact Martial Arts in Mixed Martial Arts‟. Except of physical education and involvement in the sports culture, people find new friends, gain knowledge about healthy lifestyles, the peculiarities of relationships between people, the life values, that help in solving problems outside the gym, and, as a result, improve health level, strengthen confidence in their own abilities and become healthy and successful people.
Every year the federation conducts sports and health activities for school students in various picturesque places of Ukraine and the world, where everyone can demonstrate their results. And the best students have the opportunity to visit the legend, wrapped by the legends, the abode of the spirit of Martial Arts - the Shaolin Temple.
A woman (n = 10) aged 30-35 years took part in the pedagogical experiment. The control measurement took place simultaneously for all participants. According to the internship program, a training program was developed, which included classes for two months on a schedule of Monday, Wednesday and Saturday for 1 hour and 30 minutes.
The work plan is as follows:
study and practice of basic exercises and basic movements of taijiquan;
breathing and meditation in taijuan and tea ceremonies;
performance of previously developed and studied movements in the complex;
watching the movie "The Grandmaster".
This technique and its application is aimed at the formation of basic physical and mental qualities, the impact on certain functional systems of the body, the activation of their backup capabilities and aims to expand knowledge on the construction of training sessions with different groups of the population, regardless of their knowledge in the field of physical education and sports and the ability to form a training load by means of taijiquan.
After the training course, a pedagogical study was conducted in the direction of:
anthropometric data (weight, height, age);
risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases, authors Zapisochny A.Z, Dushanin S.A. 1980 (physical activity, ideal weight, blood pressure, etc.);
assessment of physical performance by Ruffier test.
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Wicklund, Alissa, Shayla D. Foster, and Ashley A. Roy. "Getting Back on the Horse: Sport-Specific Return to Play in Rodeo Athletes After Concussion Injury." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-310-17.
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Context: Despite a high incidence of injury in their sport, rodeo athletes have been underrepresented in the concussion literature. No standard postconcussion protocols are available across rodeo organizations for evaluating fitness to return to competition. Objective: To review the literature on concussion in rodeo, examine published guidelines, and offer an active return-to-play (RTP) protocol specific to rodeo athletes. Background: Unique barriers complicate the management and treatment of rodeo athletes with concussion, such as the solo nature of the sport, lack of consistent access to health care professionals, and athletic conditioning that often occurs outside of a traditional gym-based exercise regimen. In addition, the rodeo culture encourages a swift return to competition after injury. Description: Best practices for managing concussion are removal from activity, proper diagnostic evaluation, and gradual return to sport, with medical clearance when an athlete is symptom free and able to tolerate cognitive and physical exertion. An RTP protocol for rodeo events needs to capture the distinctive features and challenges of the sport and its athletes. Clinical Advantages: Rodeo athletes would benefit from an RTP protocol that can be initiated by an athletic trainer or medical professional in the acute stage of injury, integrates exercise into activities of daily living, and is appropriate for athletes who travel frequently. At the organizational sport level, a formal RTP protocol could enhance consistency in medical-clearance techniques among providers responsible for the return to sport of rodeo athletes. Conclusions: Rodeo athletes represent a sport population that has received little formal guidance on the diagnosis, management, and RTP after concussion. A sport-specific RTP protocol sensitive to the particular culture of these athletes is an important first step in protecting the health and safety of rodeo athletes after a concussive injury.
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Бойко, V. Boyko, Мещанинов, and S. Meshchaninov. "Biotechnical Complex of Diagnostics and Correction of a Functional Condition of Sportsmen." Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, no. 1 (June 4, 2014): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3308.
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The staffs of the Dneprodzerzhinsk State Technical University (Ukraine), the College of physical education and the Dnepropetrovsk Institute of physical culture and sports have offered the methods of regulation of training loads athletes, depending on the energy performance of the cardiovascular system. The important objective of this study was creation the principles of diagnostics state of the cardiovascular system of sportsmen. It is shown that the basic structural knots of the biotechnical system are: patient (sportsman), operator (doctor), echocardiograph, electrocardiograph, block of ultrasonic influences, personal computer, interface, stand of operator, printer, gym kit. The structural scheme of the biotech complex diagnostics and correction of the state of this system is proposed. Basic principles of creation of biotechnical complex were carried out for diagnostics and correction of the functional state of sportsmen. The methods of regulation of the training loading of sportsmen were offered depending on the power indexes of the cardiovascular system. The mechanism of functioning of the cardiovascular system of man is considered at the increased physical loading. The main parameters of ultrasonic influences on the heart muscle (indoor massage), improves the cardiovascular system are considered. The structure of biotechnical complex of diagnostics and correction of properties of the cardiovascular system is considered on the basis of the personal computer, echo- and electrocardiograph, ultrasonic generator, trainer "KONCEPT".
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Pustchi, Sadaf E., Naze G. Avci, Yasemin M. Akay, and Metin Akay. "Astrocytes Decreased the Sensitivity of Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide and Bay 11-7082." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 7154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197154.
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant type of astrocytic tumors. GBM patients have a poor prognosis with a median survival of approximately 15 months despite the “Stupp” Regimen and high tumor recurrence due to the tumor resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we co-cultured GBM cells with human astrocytes in three-dimensional (3D) poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl acrylate (PEGDA) microwells to mimic the tumor microenvironment. We treated 3D co- and mono-cultured cells with Temozolomide (TMZ) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor Bay 11-7082 and investigated the combined effect of the drugs. We assessed the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin that play a role in the tumor malignancy and activation of the astrocytes as well as Notch-1 and survivin that play a role in GBM malignancy after the drug treatment to understand how astrocytes induced GBM drug response. Our results showed that in the co-culture, astrocytes increased GBM survival and resistance after combined drug treatment compared to mono-cultures. These data restated the importance of 3D cell culture to mimic the tumor microenvironment for drug screening.
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Andersson, Johan. "Homonormative aesthetics: AIDS and ‘de-generational unremembering’ in 1990s London." Urban Studies 56, no. 14 (December 18, 2018): 2993–3010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018806149.
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This article historically contextualises the origins of a transnational gay male aesthetic many now think of as homonormative. While typically understood as a depoliticisation that ‘recodes freedom and liberation in terms of privacy, domesticity, and consumption’ (Manalansan, 2005: 142), homonormativity also has an associated look defined by a set of slick surface appearances relating both to the body and design. Recognisable in various locations across the globe and in multiple settings including cruise ships, resorts, and gyms, this aesthetic is, above all, associated with gaybourhoods and gay villages. Using Soho’s gay village in London as a case-study of the emergence of this generic style in the 1990s, its branded emphasis on ‘affluence’, minimalist interior design and idealised gym bodies is contextualised with references to yuppification and AIDS. Constituting a ‘clean break’ with earlier forms of urban gay culture now stigmatised as ‘dirty’ and ‘unhealthy’, the homonormative aesthetic can be viewed as an example of ‘de-generational unremembering’ following the first traumatic phase of the AIDS crisis in the 1980s (Castiglia C and Reed C (2011) If Memory Serves: Gay Men, AIDS, and the Promise of the Queer Past. Minneapolis, MN, and London: University of Minnesota Press, p. 9). By placing AIDS at the centre of a discussion of homonormativity, some of the assumptions about its privilege can be queried while at the same time maintaining a critique of how class-specific ‘aspirational’ imagery was deployed to detract from the stigma of the health crisis.
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Madejski, Eligiusz, Marta Bibro, Katarzyna Wódka, Małgorzata Łaczek-Wójtowicz, Roger Madejski, and Jacek Szalewski. "Leisure Time Physical Activity of Students of The Institute of Health Sciences at The State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów." Health Promotion & Physical Activity 5, no. 4 (March 5, 2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0819.
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Introduction: Physical activity, apart from enhancing proper body functioning, is a natural need of every human being, and taken up regularly brings numerous health benefits. The aim of the research was to define the level of physical activity in leisure time as well as to present the forms of physical activity preferred by students. Material and methods: The research was conducted in the academic year 2017/2018 among the first year students of The State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów, majoring in Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Nursing. The survey covered the total of 209 students, 153 females (73.2%) and 56 males (26.8%). A diagnostic survey was applied as the research method, and the empirical material was collected with the use of a questionnaire. Results: The research showed that the level of students’ physical activity varied depending on both sex and the field of study. The majority of the respondents (66.5%) showed a low level of physical activity. The female students most frequently practised swimming (22.2%) and running (13.1%), whereas the male students preferred football (32.1%), gym workout (17.9%) and, similarly to the females, swimming (14.3%). Conclusions: On the basis of the research results and the formulated conclusions it can be stated that taking decisive and effective actions in order to develop positive attitudes towards physical culture among children and youth and to prepare them for lifelong care for their body should be a priority.
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Suárez, M. D., S. García Mesa, M. A. Rincón Cervera, J. L. Guil Guerrero, G. González, S. Cárdenas, and M. García Gallego. "Time course of muscle fatty acid composition of cultured meagre (Argyrosomus regius) during the first sixteen months of a cage culture." Grasas y Aceites 65, no. 1 (February 12, 2014): e006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.049813.
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Ieremenko, N. P., N. V. Kovaleva, and V. A. Kovalev. "Approaches of fitness trainer to forming customers motivation." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 2(122) (February 21, 2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.2(122).11.
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The fitness system is a set of goals, objectives, principles, as well as innovative means, methods and forms of organizing voluntary systematic physical exercises and managing this process, aimed at maintaining and increasing the level of physical capacity and health of various population groups, provides familiarization with a healthy lifestyle, the formation of a physical culture of the individual for the successful implementation of social and professional responsibilities in society
Motivation is one of the most important components in fitness classes. This is a psychological factor that forces and guides us during training. The lack of motivation on any given day will be felt by every athlete. Sometimes we don’t feel like going to the gym or jogging, or we feel too tired to work anything. Our body gives slack and if we do not do something about it, we will have to forget about success.
The issue of training qualified personnel with the necessary knowledge and skills to attract citizens to active physical education in order to strengthen and maintain health and prolong active longevity is becoming increasingly relevant.
A survey was conducted of personal trainers (20 people) who work in the fitness system of the network of sport clubs "Sportlife" in Kiev, in order to identify the approaches of the fitness trainer to motivate and attract clients to personal training.
The widespread availability of fitness has become a reflection of how the needs for physical activity of a representative of modern society, his desire for health and well-being, and the demands of society on the level of development of the physical and psychological qualities of a person have changed. At this stage of development, fitness is increasingly being introduced both into physical culture and health practice working with the population, and into the process of professional training of specialists in various educational institutions of the country.
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Haddon, Janice. "The impact of employees’ well-being on performance in the workplace." Strategic HR Review 17, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/shr-01-2018-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to look at the link between employee well-being in the workplace and its effect on productivity. Specifically, it looks at the different types of well-being (physical, nutritional and mental) and how organisations should be putting the welfare of staff at the heart of their workplace culture, to ensure their well-being and productivity. Design/methodology/approach Written as a viewpoint, the paper outlines the ways in which organisations traditionally offer employees incentives to look after their physical and nutritional well-being, such as gym memberships and healthy food options. It goes on to look at the impact of mental health on productivity and the symptoms employees may display if they are suffering with mental illness. Findings Mental health is one of the key contributors to productivity, and employers should do more to ensure the mental well-being of their staff. In addition, it outlines the impact a person’s mental well-being can have not only on themselves, but also on those around them, affecting, therefore, the productivity of a team/organisation as a whole, not just the individual. Originality/value The findings in the paper are based on personal experience, as well as recent statistics which are used to highlight the importance of the arguments made in the paper about the effect of mental health on and individual’s well-being and productivity. It is designed to advise HR managers and employers of the steps they can take to ensure the well-being of their employees and the benefits to themselves in doing so.
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Rappoldt, Liam, Adrienne Weeks, Rodney Ouellete, Jeremy Roy, Catherine Taylor, Craig McCormick, Kathleen Attwood, and Inhwa Kim. "TMOD-26. ESTABLISHING A PATIENT-DERIVED, IN-VITRO ORGANOTYPIC SLICE CULTURE MODEL OF GBM." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.976.
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Abstract Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour. This tumour is universally fatal with a median survival of 15 months. Driving this pathology is an extremely heterogeneic tumour and complex tumour microenvironment. GBM research is primarily conducted using immortalized or primary cell lines due to their practicality and reproducibility. However, these cell lines do not effectively recapitulate the tumour microenvironment. Mouse models address these shortcomings but are laborious and expensive. We propose to utilize a patient derived organotypic culture model of GBM as an intermediary. We have utilized this model to test genetic manipulation via lentiviral transduction and the feasibility of utilizing this model to understand patient derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). We have sectioned and cultured patient derived organotypic models for 14 days without loss of viability. To determine if these organotypic cultures are amenable to lentiviral manipulation, tissue sections were transduced with far-red fluorescent lentivirus and efficiency determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry (FC). To determine feasibility as a model for EVs, media obtained from patient-derived organotypic cultures was analyzed by western blot, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and nanoFlow Cytometry (nFC). In the future these EVs will be compared to those found in patient serum. The model of GBM has been lentivirally transduced to express a far-red fluorescent vector in approximately 15% of the slice, quantified by CLSM and FC. EV-sized particles positive for canonical EV markers have been identified in the media by NTA, nFC and western blot. Using lentiviral-mediated genetic engineering and emerging EV science, this organotypic slice culture models yields exciting utility in GBM research. The established organotypic slice culture model will likely be a valuable tool in the study of GBM biology and EV dynamics.
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Suarez-Cuervo, C., N. L. Bryant, R. D. Lopez, G. Y. Gillespie, and L. S. Lamb. "Ex vivo activation and expansion of γδ T cells for immunotherapy of glioblastoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 2553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.2553.
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2553 Background: Activated γδ T cells will efficiently kill established glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines in vitro. However, their potential for cell therapy has been limited by their relatively small numbers in the peripheral blood and their sensitivity to activation induced cell death (AICD) during ex vivo expansion. Our laboratory developed a method whereby γδ T cells, when stimulated by IFN-γ, IL- 12, and anti-CD2, acquire resistance to AICD and can be expanded in culture with anti-CD3 and IL-2. The γδ T cells expanded by this method are highly cytotoxic to GBM. We have now sought to adapt the laboratory method for human use. Methods: The laboratory method and selection procedure were modified to employ pharmaceutical-grade reagents. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1.0 × 106/ml) were stimulated overnight with media containing cGMP grade human serum, IFN-γ, IL-12, and anti-CD2. Media containing human serum, IL-2 and anti-CD3 was then added (1 v/v) and refreshed 1 v/v 3× weekly. The cultures were harvested after two weeks followed by depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, thereby enriching γδ T cells. Cytotoxicity of expanded of γδ T cells was evaluated against GBM primary tumor cultures, established GBM cell lines, and cultured astrocytes using a commercial flow cytometric method. Results: After two weeks in culture, γδ T cells expanded up to 1000 fold (usually 200–400 fold), consistent with results from our previous research-scale method. Positive selection yielded a γδ T cell product with >80% purity and >70% recovery. The cell products exhibited incremental cytotoxicity against several primary GBM cultures and established GBM cell lines. Astrocytoma cells were not killed. Conclusions: Apoptosis-resistant γδ T cells can be expanded and selected using clinically approvable reagents and in numbers sufficient for immunotherapy of malignant brain tumors. Initial data show that expanded γδ T cells retain cytotoxicity against the GBM primary cultures and spare normal astrocytes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Zanevskyy, Ihor, Roman Skabara, Valentyna Labartkava, and Kostiantyn Labartkava. "Survey results of the freshmen of specialty “Tourism” on sports and health tourism as part of physical education." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 7(138) (July 27, 2021): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.7(138).11.
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The aim of the research − to analyze the results of a sociological research, where the students’ satisfaction with the content of the physical education system is determined, the elements of sports and health tourism are included in the curriculum and work programs of physical education. 230 first-year students from three universities took part in the survey: Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv National University named after Ivan Franko and Lviv State University of Physical Culture named after Ivan Bobersky. In December 2019-2020 of the academic year of the first semester the survey was conducted using the questionnaire and consisted of 11 questions, three of which were of general content (student data: age, gender; higher education institution, faculty, department; training course) and eight of profile content. As a result of the survey, students’ satisfaction with the content of the physical education system in HEI’s varies. The attitude to the sports and health tourism inclusion in the program of physical education is positive that is indicated. The most attractive types of tourism for students of three.
HEI’s turned out cultural and cognitive tourism, hiking and as well as their combination that is pointed out. The students have chosen weekend hikes and specialized training sessions in the gym as the most attractive types of tourism for training that is noted by the authors. Other questions of the profile content of the questionnaire reflected the level of students knowledge in hiking tourism. In general, the obtained results will be used to update the curriculum of sports and health tourism as a component of physical education, that will improve the physical activity of young people in the future.
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Boynton, Anthony Dwayne. "August Wilson, Afrofuturism, & Gem of the Ocean." Open Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2018-0034.
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Abstract August Wilson's Century Cycle is as much a theatrical experiment of black cultural history and sociology as it is one of storytelling. Though often considered a realist playwright, Wilson walks beyond the realist landscape into speculative and imagined ones in Gem of the Ocean. His investment in cultural critique and history enhances the possibility of an enriching analysis of his work as speculative fiction. This research project locates the ties between Wilson’s affinity with history and the creation of a dystopian Pittsburgh in the play. In Wilson’s work, set in 1904, the antebellum past is so close to the post-Emancipation present, temporally and socio-politically, that there is almost no difference at all. The flattening of time Wilson insinuates through the milieu, a capitalist-police state, is articulated through characters’ relationship with it. Wilson is welcomed in conclusion into black speculative traditions of re-imagining time and using cultural histories to critique cultural realities.
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Romero Ibarra, Orlando, and Jhonny Olivo Solis. "La actividad física y la estimulación prenatal en la etapa de gestación / Physical activity and prenatal stimulation udring pregnancy." Ciencia Unemi 8, no. 15 (November 5, 2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol8iss15.2015pp60-68p.
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El 75% es genético pero el 25% depende de la estimulación y la experiencia. En esta investigación de tipo no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y de campo, se encuestó a 35 mujeres en estado de gestación de la Maternidad Enrique Sotomayor de Guayaquil, a 7 médicos Obstetras del hospital antes mencionado y del Hospital Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, IESS-Durán, Hospital León Becerra de Milagro y Centro de Salud de la parroquia Cone del cantón Yaguachi, Ecuador. Además, a 15 instructores de gimnasios que a su vez son docentes en el área Cultura Física, con el fin de establecer en la mujer gestante el grado de conocimiento y participación en actividades de ejercicios prenatales y a los profesionales la manera idónea de trabajar en el área de estimulación prenatal, las ventajas o desventajas de esta actividad. Se evidenció que el 77,14% de las mujeres gestantes encuestadas nunca han participado en este tipo de actividades a pesar que el 51,42% conoce que siempre se debería practicar esta actividad física aun estando en estado de embarazo. AbstractIt has been proved scientifically that prenatal stimulation promotes the development and maturation of the nervous system. While 75% of development is genetic, 25% depends on stimulation and experience. This research, which is non-experimental, transversal, descriptive and involves a field study. Thirty-five pregnant women in the Enrique Sotomayor Hospital in Guayaquil were interviewed along with seven obstetricians of the aforesaid hospital and the Hospital of the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS) in Durán, the León Becerra Hospital in Milagro and the Health Center in the parish of Cone in the canton of Yaguachi, Ecuador. Fifteen gym instructors who are teaching Physical Culture in the area were also interviewed. The aim was to establish the pregnant woman’s level of knowledge and participation in prenatal exercise and professional ideas regarding the ideal way to work in the area of prenatal stimulation and the advantages or disadvantages of this activity. The results showed that 77.14% of pregnant women surveyed have never participated in these activities despite the fact that 51.42% were aware that they should always practice this type of exercise even when heavily pregnant.
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Johs, Nikolas A., Yvonne Kellar-Guenther, Catherine M. Jankowski, Hadlai Neff, and Kristine M. Erlandson. "A qualitative focus group study of perceived barriers and benefits to exercise by self-described exercise status among older adults living with HIV." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e026294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026294.
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ObjectivesAlthough exercise interventions have been shown to improve health outcomes among older people with HIV (PLWH), this population remains highly sedentary. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in perceived barriers and benefits of exercise among older PLWH by self-identified exercise status.DesignFive focus groups were formed among PLWH: two groups of exercising men, two groups of non-exercising men and one group of women (mixed exercisers and non-exercisers). Themes were analysed in relation to the social-ecological model, utilising the constant comparative approach.SettingPatients were recruited from an academic medical centre, HIV clinic and community locations.ParticipantsPLWH aged 50 or older, diagnosed with HIV for at least 2 years, with no other health conditions that would preclude exercise.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDetermine facilitators, barriers and the ideal environment for exercise or physical activity and determine whether these differ between older PLWH who self-identify as exercisers or non-exercisers.ResultsAmong 25 men (11 exercisers and 14 non-exercisers) and four women (three non-exercisers and one exerciser), non-exercisers mentioned fewer benefits of exercise (n=46) than exercisers (n=75). Exercisers emphasised positive reinforcement, positive mood change and increased energy as benefits of exercise; interpersonal benefits of exercise were also discussed twice as often by exercisers than by non-exercisers. Non-exercisers emphasised barriers to exercise including lack of motivation, lack of self-efficacy and a negative perception of gym culture. Non-exercisers identified the need for age-appropriate activities as a feature of an ideal exercise environment. Both groups identified time, cost and health-related challenges as barriers to exercise.ConclusionsUnique exercise barriers and benefits by self-identified exercise status provide important insights into the design of future interventions to initiate and maintain exercise.Trial registration numberNCT02404792; Results.
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Borzenok, Sergey A., Boris E. Malyugin, Maxim Y. Gerasimov, Dmitriy S. Ostrovskiy, and Anna V. Shatskikh. "Feeder-Free Cell Culture of Labial Oral Mucosal Epithelium for Tissue-Engineering and Regenerative Medicine." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 75, no. 5 (December 27, 2020): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn1357.
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Background.The cultured cheek mucosa epithelium (buccal epithelium, BE) is used for autologous transplants generation and tissue engineering. An alternative source of cells for these purposes may be the lip mucosa, covered, like BE, with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, but with some histological distinctions.Aims to characterize the human lip mucosa as a promising source of epithelial cells for autologous transplantation and tissue engineering.Methods.Scrapings of the lip, cheek, and gum mucosa from five healthy volunteers were analyzed by cytofluorimetry to determine the level of desquamation and cytokeratin (CK) 10 and 13 expression. The lip mucosa of two patients was characterized using routine histological staining and fluorescence immunohistochemistry for CK 3, 4, 10, 13, and p63 marker. 35 samples of full-thickness strips of the patients lip mucosa were used to set the explant (n=18) and enzymatic (n=17) techniques for expansion epithelium. Culture systems with 1.05 and 0.06mM Calcium contained 5% fetal bovine serum, 5 g/ml human insulin, 5 g/ml hydrocortisone, 10 ng/ml human epidermal growth factor. Stable cultures were stained for p63, vimentin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and CK10. Software tools determined levels of their expression.Results.The number of cells in the lip and gum samples was significantly lower than from the cheek. The median number of CK13 positive cells was significantly different for the gum (6.4%) and cheek (64.8%, p=0.0089). Significant differences for CK10 positive cells were not observed. The epithelium of the lip mucosa was 72.13.6 m thick, relatively flat, and without keratinization sites. Samples were positively stained for CK 4 and 13, in the absence of expression of CK 3 and 10. The primary culture of epithelial cells obtained by explant technique was significantly more effective (p=0.001) in comparison with the enzymatic method. Stable cultures had a cobble-stone morphology in both culture systems. The levels of vimentin and p63 expression in both culture systems was not significantly differ. ZO-1 expression was 3.6-fold higher for 1.05-mMCa++medium (p=0.0006).Conclusions.Epithelium cell culture from the lip mucosa can be obtained by culturing explants without a feeder layer. Quality control steps have been developed for cultured cells and biopsy site.
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Khalid, M. Humayun, Shobu Shibata, Koichi Furukawa, Amal Nadel, Matthew D. Ammerman, and Anthony J. Caputy. "Role of estrogen receptor—related antigen in initiating the growth of human glioma cells." Journal of Neurosurgery 100, no. 5 (May 2004): 923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2004.100.5.0923.
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Object. The expression of estrogen receptor—related antigen (ER-D5) has been demonstrated in many tumors, including those of the brain, but the actual role of ER-D5 in cell growth is unknown. The authors evaluated the role of ER-D5 in the growth of gliomas in vitro. Methods. Human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines A172, T98G, U87MG, and U118MG; rat C6 glioma and 9L gliosarcoma; AS human astrocytoma; GBM in primary culture and tumor tissues; and normal brain tissues were examined for ER-D5 by using immunohistochemical, Western immunoblot, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The ER-D5 was detected in all tumor cell types of human origin, but not in rat cell lines and normal brain; the expression of ER-D5 was not related to cell cycle phase. Kinetic analysis of ER-D5 expression in cultured cell lines revealed that an enhanced and sharp accumulation of ER-D5 occurred during the first 24 hours of culture, followed by a sharp fall in the next 24 hours. Gradual decreases of ER-D5 during the subsequent days were demonstrated in all human cell lines, and in primary cultures of GBM. This accumulation pattern of ER-D5 was confirmed on Western blot analysis. The ER-D5 was also detected in cells cultured in serum-free medium. Culture cells were treated with D5 antibody against ER-D5 for 48 hours and the effects were evaluated using a monotetrazolium colorimetric assay; the result revealed that growth of cultured cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and that addition of a single median inhibitory concentration dose resulted in complete growth inhibition and arrest of cell growth at the G0/G1 phase at 96 hours posttreatment. Conclusions. These findings indicated that synthesis and accumulation of ER-D5 is an essential event in the very early phase of in vitro growth of human gliomas.
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St. John, Patricia L., Ruixue Wang, Yong Yin, Jeffrey H. Miner, Barry Robert, and Dale R. Abrahamson. "Glomerular laminin isoform transitions: errors in metanephric culture are corrected by grafting." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 280, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): F695—F705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2001.280.4.f695.
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Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) assembly and maturation are marked by the replacement of laminin-1 (containing α1-, β1-, and γ1-chains) with laminin-11 (consisting of α5-, β2-, and γ1-chains). Similarly, the α1- and α2-chains of type IV collagen are replaced by collagen α3-, α4-, and α5(IV)-chains. The cellular origins of these molecules and mechanisms for isoform removal and substitution are unknown. To explore glomerular laminin isoform transitions in vitro, we assessed metanephric organ cultures. Standard culture conditions do not support endothelial cell differentiation, and glomerular structures that form in vitro are avascular. Nevertheless, extensive podocyte development occurs in these cultures, including the formation of foot processes and assembly of a GBM-like matrix. Here, we show that the podocyte-specific markers, glomerular epithelial protein 1 and nephrin, which are normally expressed in capillary loop stage glomeruli in vivo, are also expressed by glomerular figures that form in organ culture. However, the GBM-like segments that form in vitro do not undergo normal laminin isoform switching. Instead, both laminin α1- and α5-chains are present, as is the β1-chain, but not β2. When avascular organ-cultured kidneys are grafted into anterior eye chambers, however, kidney-derived angioblasts establish extensive vasculature by 6 days, and glomeruli are lined by endothelial cells. We evaluated embryonic day 12 ( E12) vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (Flk1) -lacZ kidneys that had first been grown in organ culture for 6–7 days and then grafted into wild-type mice. Correct laminin isoform substitution occurred and correlated with the appearance of endothelial cells expressing Flk1. Our findings indicate that endothelial cells, and/or factors present in the circulation, mediate normal GBM laminin isoform transitions in vivo.
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Wang, Fei, Nan Zhao, Chi Lin, and Chi Zhang. "The use of metformin to enhance radiation effects on M1 macrophage subtype polarization in bone marrow-derived macrophage in glioblastoma tumor environment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e13513-e13513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e13513.
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e13513 Background: Given the clinical relevance of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) with its pro-tumor role and as a cell type compromising a large portion in glioblastoma (GBM), reversing the imbalance of TAM polarization in the tumor environment has emerged as a promising novel field for GBM treatment. Radiation therapy (RT) is the standard treatment for GBM patients after surgery, which has been shown to transiently induce M1 polarization of macrophage (M1Ø). Recent studies suggested that metformin could also promote M1Ø in tumor microenvironment. We thus postulate that metformin may enhance and sustain the M1-inducing effect of radiation in GBM. Methods: We first examined the polarization effect of metformin (0.1mM, 1mM and 2mM) on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) cultured in GBM tumor environment, including media conditioned by GBM cells in monolayer culture or tumor spheres as well as in trans-well co-culturing system. We irradiated GBM cells with different doses (2 Gy, 8 Gy, and 20 Gy) after the treatment of Metformin at various time points; then we used conditioned media to treat BMDM either cultured alone or co-cultured with GBM cells in trans-well system for 24 or 48 hours. A separate set of experiment was conducted by first irradiating GBM cells and then co-culturing them with BMDM at 24 or 48 hours after radiation with metformin added at the start of co-culture. Percentage of various subtypes of BMDM was calculated after flow cytometry. Results: High concentrations of metformin (1mM and 2mM) significantly increased M1Ø and inhibited M2Ø in all culture conditions. Co-culture with irradiated GBM cells or treatment with medium conditioned by irradiated GBM cells could temporally induce M1Ø polarization in BMDM, with the effects being RT dose-dependent. Metformin at high concentrations further promoted M1Ø and suppressed M2Ø polarization in those conditions mimicking tumor microenvironment. This enhancing effect was sustained for at least 48 hours. Conclusions: Metformin at mili-molar concentrations significantly enhances the effects of radiation on M1Ø polarization in BMDM in vitro.
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Чернов, А. Н., Е. П. Баранцевич, Э. С. Галимова, and М. М. Галагудза. "Cell cultures of human malignant tumors in development of new anticancer therapies." Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Patogenez», no. 4() (January 30, 2018): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/gm.2018.4.9744.
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Современный эффективный скрининг новых противоопухолевых химиопрепаратов и биологических препаратов на доклиническом этапе невозможен без применения моделей культур опухолевых клеток. К таким моделям относят первичные культуры клеток и клеточные линии опухолей человека, культивируемые в двумерной (2D) и трехмерной (3D) системах. В обзоре обсуждаются различные аспекты применения моделей клеточных культур неоплазий человека, их актуальность в исследованиях противоопухолевой эффективности препаратов. Current effective preclinical screening of new anticancer chemotherapies and biological medicines requires cancer cell culture models. Such models include primary cell cultures and human tumor cell lines cultured in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) systems. This review discussed different aspects of using human tumor cell culture models and their relevance for studying efficacy of antitumor drugs.
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Biggs, Thelma, Janet Foreman, Lars Sundstrom, Urs Regenass, and Francois Lehembre. "Antitumor Compound Testing in Glioblastoma Organotypic Brain Cultures." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057111414895.
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive type of primary brain tumor. Identification of new therapeutic regimens is urgently needed. A major challenge remains the development of a relevant in vitro model system with the necessary capacity and flexibility to profile compounds. The authors have developed and characterized a 3D culture system of brain cells (brain Hi-Spot) where GBM-derived cells can be incorporated (GBM/brain Hi-Spot). Immuno-fluorescence and electrophysiological recordings demonstrate that brain Hi-Spots recapitulate many features of brain tissue. Within this tissue, GBM-derived cell growth is monitored using a fluorescence assay. GBM-derived cells growing in Hi-Spots form tumor nodules that display properties of GBM such as 5-Ala positive staining, an acidic environment, and tumor-surrounding astrocyte activation. Temozolomide inhibits GBM growth in brain Hi-Spots, but it is not effective in 2D cultures. Other chemotherapeutics that have proven to be inefficient in GBM treatment display low activity against GBM-derived cells growing in brain Hi-Spots in comparison to their activity against GBM 2D cultures. These findings suggest that GBM/brain Hi-Spots represent a simple system to culture cells derived from brain tumors in an orthotopic environment in vitro and that the system is reliable to test GBM targeting compounds.
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Verploegh, I. S. C., A. Conidi, R. W. W. Brouwer, W. F. J. van IJcken, M. Lamfers, S. Leenstra, and D. Huylebroeck. "P04.02 Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals shifts in glioblastoma cell composition in different BMP4-treated primary tumor cultures." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_2 (September 1, 2021): ii18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab180.059.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. The well-known cellular heterogeneity of this cancer, which includes glioma tumor-initiating cells with stem cell characteristics (GSCs), (co)influences therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (BMP4) promotes differentiation of GSCs towards astroglial lineage while suppressing oligodendrocyte maturation. Treatment with BMP4 is associated with increased survival in mice. BMPs exert effects in cell-type and context dependent fashion, but also generate subtle heterogeneity in transcriptional response among similar cells. We studied first the cell viability of BMP4-treated primary GBM cultures followed by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) on two differently responding cultures, and found correlation between their responses and therapy sensitivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were assessed in 17 patient-derived BMP4-treated GBM cell cultures. We selected one culture in which this treatment induced high in vitro therapeutic efficacy, and one in which the treatment was ineffective, for analysis by scRNA-seq and then compared the results on the initial panel of 17 cultures. RESULTS After 7 days of treatment with BMP4, cell viability ranged from 28% (referred to as highest in vitro therapeutic efficacy) to 132% compared to untreated cells. scRNA-seq of the previously mentioned cultures in passage 7 showed that all neural cell types that are usually found in freshly resected GBM, were also present in our cultures. In the culture where BMP4 induced high in vitro therapeutic efficacy, BMP4 induces the formation of a large new cell population displaying decreased cell proliferation, increased migration and cell death, while the pro-inflammatory cells were depleted. RNA-velocity analysis revealed that, the cycling of cells was greatly diminished in the culture where therapy with BMP4 was efficacious, whereas this was enhanced in the GBM culture with the lowest cell viability after treatment. Astroglial differentiation was induced in all BMP4-treated cultures, while neuronal differentiation was reduced most in the cultures in which BMP4 induced lower or no in vitro therapeutic efficacy. In the culture without therapeutic efficacy of BMP4 cell cycle arrest was not induced anymore. In addition, OLIG1/2 mRNA and protein levels seemed predictive for BMP4-therapy efficacy, while activation of translation-associated genes (RPL27A, RPS27) was a suitable, immediate post-therapeutic marker for this. CONCLUSION scRNA-seq of in vitro GBM cultures provides advanced insights into the mechanism underlying therapy efficacy of BMP4. Neural differentiation status is distinctive for therapeutic efficacy of BMP4 in vitro before and after therapy.
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Turner, Steven R., and Suman Singha. "Vitrification of Crabapple, Pear, and Geum on Gellan Gum-solidified Culture Medium." HortScience 25, no. 12 (December 1990): 1648–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.12.1648.
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Shoots of `Almey' crabapple [Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. × M. pumila var. niedzwetzkyana (Dieck) Schneid.], `Seckel' pear (Pyrus communis L.), and `Mrs. Bradshaw' geum (Geum quellyon Sweet.) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 8.8 μm BA and containing 0.1% to 0.4% Gelrite. Comparative shoot proliferation and vitrification were determined on Phytagar-solidified medium. Shoot proliferation, culture fresh weight, and vitrification declined in crabapple and geum with increasing Gelrite concentration. Pear proliferation and fresh weight increased with increasing Gelrite levels, but all shoots were vitrified. There were differences in the vitrification response between pear and the other two genera. The percent dry weight of vitrified cultures on Gelrite-containing media was generally higher than that of nonvitrified cultures on medium containing Phytagar. Vitrification precludes using low Gelrite concentrations for propagating these plants. Chemical name used: N-(phenylmethyl) -1H-purin-6-amine (BA).
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Logun, Meghan, Maxwell Colonna, Arthur Edison, and Lohitash Karumbaiah. "TAMI-09. ENERGY METABOLISM AND THERAPEUTIC T CELL EFFICACY IN THE GLIOBLASTOMA MICROENVIRONMENT." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii214—ii215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.898.
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Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM), like most cancers, undergo metabolic alterations to primarily utilize aerobic glycolysis in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). Similarly, activated T cells switch to glycolysis upon antigen recognition to cope with proliferation needs but are not equally equipped to survive in the hypoxic TME. Metabolic reprogramming within GBM TME contributes to therapeutic resistance and tumor progression, but the effects of metabolic alterations on therapeutic T cell survival and efficacy have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that hypoxia in GBM/T-cell co-cultures will significantly impair T cell proliferation and function. We conducted in vitro co-culture assays and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)–based assessments in hypoxic (1%O2) or normoxic conditions to detect metabolic changes in real-time. Imaging cytometry for cell cycle assessment demonstrated that GSCs were unaffected by hypoxia, but roughly 90% of healthy T cells arrested in G0/G1 along with significant reduction in glycan precursor UDP-GlcNAc presence. Media samples over 96h in normal and hypoxic oxygen conditions from cells in solitary or co-cultures were analyzed using a Bruker Avance III HD spectrometer at 600 MHz for comparison over time using PCA analysis of metabolic intermediate differences. After 16h, there was observable differences in produced metabolites between the T cells cultured alone or co-culture with GSCs, compared to the GSCs alone or media alone controls. Quantifiable changes in glucose, lactate, fumarate, acetate and pyruvate, among others, indicated a large shift in T cell metabolism dependent on oxygen conditions and co-culture interactions, while GSCs are less metabolically responsive to culture conditions. Ongoing experiments will examine precise changes in UDP-GlcNAc and glycosylation precursors in T cells and CAR-T cells via targeted NMR analysis, which we expect will help us understand energy dependent mechanisms of T cell exhaustion and lead to development of novel strategies to sustain T cell function in the hostile TME.