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Journal articles on the topic 'Gymnastik'
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1
Yamamoto, Tokuru. "Turnen und Gymnastik." Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 49, no. 1 (2004): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.kj00003390918.
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Krüger, Michael. "Wehrturnen und griechische Gymnastik." German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research 20, no. 2 (June 1990): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03177760.
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Müller, Thomas. "Gymnastik stabilisiert Kognition im Alter." DNP – Die Neurologie & Psychiatrie 23, no. 5 (October 2022): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15202-022-5515-2.
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Englisch, Bernd. "Patienteninformation: Gymnastik für gesunde Füße." DO - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Osteopathie 12, no. 01 (January 24, 2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1351095.
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mut. "Mit Gymnastik sicher ans Urlaubsziel." CME 11, no. 7-8 (July 2014): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11298-014-1384-0.
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Svensson, Joar, and Natalia Stambulova. "Two Sides of a Tale: A Narrative Exploration of Post-Injury Fear in a Gymnast-Coach Dyad." Scandinavian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 4, no. 1 (November 16, 2022): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sjsep.v4i1.130134.
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Gymnastics is a sport with a high risk of injury creating many opportunities for a gymnast to experience injury-related fear. Little is known about how gymnasts experience fear and how coaches perceive gymnasts' fear. The present study was aimed at exploring the experiences of post-injury fear in a gymnast-coach dyad. Two male participants (a gymnast and his coach) were involved in narrative-type interviews about their experiences of the same incident of the gymnast’s fear. The holistic form-structural analysis revealed three narratives: a hero’s journey narrative (coach) and a chaos narrative followed by a redemption narrative (gymnast). The stories had different foci. The coach took a career perspective focusing on the fear incident as a part of the athlete’s personal development. The gymnast focused more on injuries, fear experiences, and how he coped. The findings illuminate how two collaborating people can experience the same incident of fear differently and how those different views complement each other.
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Zhang, Heng. "WORKLOAD CHARACTERISTICS IN THE FITNESS TRAINING OF CHINESE ATHLETES." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 28, no. 3 (June 2022): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228012021_0471.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: In modern gymnastics, there are high demands for the physical quality of Chinese athletes. Objectives: This paper mainly studies whether the workload of Chinese gymnasts can support the corresponding high-intensity training in the training process. Methods: Experimental scientific research methods and statistical analysis are used to conduct a long-term study on dozens of gymnasts in Chinese schools and draw the workload curves of these gymnasts during gymnastic exercises. We try to determine the effective correlation between the athlete's body load and physical training and body shape. Results: During the training of gymnasts, heart rates can briefly exceed 190 beats per minute. Conclusion: In the training process of different gymnasts, the gymnasts’ heart rates show obvious differences. Therefore, the use of scientific and reasonable training strategies can effectively improve the ability of athletes’ hearts to withstand high-intensity exercise loads and help improve the gymnast's performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Patsimas, Tatiana, Dave Tilley, Darby Glackin, and Emily Sweeney. "Returning to Sport: A Level-Based Guide for Women’s Artistic Developmental Program Gymnasts." Journal of Women's Sports Medicine 4, no. 1 (April 6, 2024): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53646/n2fpwv97.
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Female artistic gymnasts, defined as gymnasts who compete in the vault, uneven parallel bars, balance beam, and floor events, may be affected by a wide variety of acute and overuse injuries throughout their athletic careers. Returning these athletes to their sport safely after an injury requires detailed knowledge of the various events in which they compete as well as a familiarity with what is expected of these gymnasts at the various levels of training and competition. Despite the complexity described above, there are few published resources to help providers guide the female artistic gymnast back to sport after injury. Therefore, we developed two purposes for this paper: (1) to review important concepts regarding return to play (RTP) in women’s artistic gymnastics and (2) to add to the existing literature on RTP in women’s gymnastics by providing RTP protocols that consider a gymnast’s training level as well as injured body area.
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Ikonomi, Edison, Ferdinant Mara, Arben Bozaxhiu, Xheni Kozi, Entela Ikonomi, and Eglantina Daulle. "Values Of Physical Preparation In Female Gymnasts." Arena - Journal of Physical Activities 12 (April 29, 2024): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.62591/ajpa.2023.12.08.
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Artistic gymnastic is one of the components of competitive gymnastics and is divided in men’s and women’s artistic gymnastics. There are four events in the women’s artistic gymnastics: vault, uneven bars, balance beam and the floor. Strength training in artistic gymnastic is closely linked to the gymnastic skills, so we can talk about the development of specific strength that is comparable to other sports. Taking into consideration the predetermined role of the muscular preparation in defining the physical training for female gymnasts. In this study, were obtained analysis twenty-one female gymnasts from four sports clubs in different cities of Albania, who are members of national gymnastics competitions. Tests realized in the beginning and final are as follows: SJ (cm), CMJ (cm), TF SJ (ml/s}, T F CMJ (ml/s}, SJBW (cm), CMJ 15 sec. (cm), HP (cm), HPWB (cm). Gymnasts have level average in SJ and CMJ. Low ratio indicates optimal condition strength to gymnasts. Referring tests shows that 16 gymnasts have high value flight times jumps SJ and CMJ. A different tableau is observed to 5 gymnasts, where look lower values of flight times jumps in SJ and CMJ. From the measurements of the tests, it resulted that those gymnasts that were involved in the study had an average level of strength of their lower limbs and a lower level of power of their upper limbs. Keyword: Artistic Gymnastics, Physical Training, Strength, Performance.
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Ravnkilde, Lise. "Kan man lave gymnastik på Zoom?" Forum for Idræt 37, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ffi.v37i1.127942.
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I artiklen fortæller Lise Ravnkilde, hvordan Gymnastikforeningen ODK forsøgte at samle deres gymnaster online, så følelsen af holdånd og klubfællesskab kunne holdes i live under Coronaen. Erfaringerne fra foreningen er, at det var hold for de ældste gymnaster, som bedst kunne samle gymnasterne online, mens det var svært at få træning for børn til at fungere på den måde. Men foreningens instruktører udviste stor kreativitet og fleksibilitet i bestræbelsen på at fortsætte træningen.
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Vogel, H., D. Pilz, F. Dahms, and C. Zander. "Ermüdungsbruch des Kalkaneus nach Aerobic-Gymnastik." Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete 123, no. 01 (March 18, 2008): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1045111.
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Balaka, Kemal Idris, and Nur Annisaa. "HUBUNGAN TEKANAN DARAH DANN KREATININ SERUM PADA ANGGOTA GYMNASTIK DI PUSAT KEBUGARAN KOTA KENDARI." Jurnal Analis Kesehatan Kendari 3, no. 2 (January 30, 2022): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46356/jakk.v3i2.179.
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ABSTRACT
Creatinine is the end product of muscle creatine metabolism, synthesized in the liver, and is found in skeletal muscle, blood, and excreted in the urine. Blood pressure is a condition that describes a person's health condition. High blood pressure can be the cause of various health problems, such as heart failure, stroke, and kidney disorders. Several factors that affect creatinine levels in the blood include lifestyle such as excessive physical activity, age, habits of consuming energy drinks and lack of drinking water are trigger factors, so it is suspected that there is a correlation between blood pressure and serum creatinine. Type of research used is observational analytic, namely research that looks for variable relationships to determine whether there is a relationship between variables to be studied and then to obtain results, statistical analysis is carried out. The correlation test used is non-parametric correlation with Chi-Squareto see the correlation between blood pressure and serum creatinine, and the samples used were gymnastics members as many 30 people taken by random sampling method. The test results found that there was a relationship between blood pressure and serum creatinine, with a low significance level of 0.036 (contingency coefficient value).
Keywords: Blood pressure, creatinine, correlation, gymnastic member.
ABSTRAK
Kreatinin merupakan produk akhir dari metabolisme kreatin otot disintesis dalam hati, dan ditemukan dalam otot rangka, darah, dan dieksresikan dalam urin. Tekanan darah adalah suatu keadaan yang menggambarkan kondisi kesehatan seseorang. Tekanan darah yang tinggi dapat menjadi penyebab munculnya berbagai masalah kesehatan, seperti gagal jantung, stroke, dan gangguan pada ginjal. Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar kreatinin dalam darah diantaranya ialah gaya hidup seperti aktivitas fisik berlebihan, usia, kebiasan mengonsumsi minuman berenergi dan kurangnya minum air putih menjadi faktor pemicu, sehingga di duga ada korelasi antara tekanan darah dan kreatinin serum. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik yaitu penelitian yang mencari hubungan variabel untuk menentukan ada tidaknya hubungan antar variabel yang akan diteliti kemudian untuk memperoleh hasil dilakukan analisis statistik. Uji korelasi yang digunakan ialah korelasi non parametrik dengan Chi-Square untuk melihat korelasi antara tekanan darah dengan kreatinin serum. Sampel yang digunakan ialah anggota gymnastik sebanyak 30 orang yang diambil dengan metode random sampling. Hasil uji di dapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tekanan darah dan kreatinin serum, dengan tingkat signifikansi yang rendah yaitu sebesar 0.036 (nilai contingency coefficient).
Kata kunci: Tekanan darah, kreatinin, Anggota Gymnastik.
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Heinen, Thomas, Damian Jeraj, Pia Vinken, and Konstantinos Velentzas. "Rotational Preference in Gymnastics." Journal of Human Kinetics 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0042-4.
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Rotational Preference in GymnasticsIn gymnastics, most skills incorporate rotations about one or more body axes. At present, the question remains open if factors such as lateral preference and/or vestibulo-spinal asymmetry are related to gymnast's rotational preference. Therefore, we sought to explore relationships in gymnast's rotation direction between different gymnastic skills. Furthermore, we sought to explore relationships between rotational preference, lateral preference, and vestibulo-spinal asymmetry. In the experiment n = 30 non-experts, n = 30 near-experts and n = 30 experts completed a rotational preference questionnaire, a lateral preference inventory, and the Unterberger-Fukuda Stepping Test. The results revealed, that near-experts and experts more often rotate rightward in the straight jump with a full turn when rotating leftward in the round-off and vice versa. The same relationship was found for experts when relating the rotation preference in the handstand with a full turn to the rotation preference in the straight jump with a full turn. Lateral preference was positively related to rotational preference in non-expert gymnasts, and vestibulo-spinal asymmetry was positively related to rotational preference in experts. We suggest, that gymnasts should explore their individual rotational preference by systematically practicing different skills with a different rotation direction, bearing in mind that a clearly developed structure in rotational preference between different skills may be appropriate to develop more complex skills in gymnastics.
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Kerr, Roslyn, Natalie Barker-Ruchti, Myrian Nunomura, Georgia Cervin, and Astrid Schubring. "The Role of Setting in the Field: The Positioning of Older Bodies in the Field of Elite Women’s Gymnastics." Sociology 52, no. 4 (December 12, 2016): 727–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038516674676.
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The last decade has seen an increase in the age of elite women’s gymnasts. This article examines the older gymnastic body within the field of elite women’s gymnastics, and how gymnasts, over the age of 20, and their coaches and judges, reconstruct the field in interview accounts. While participants contested the value of differently aged and sized bodies, they also made distinctions between the capitals that were valuable in different settings such as the competition setting, a gymnast’s usual training setting or a national training camp. In order to account for these differences, we combine the work of Pierre Bourdieu with that of Erving Goffman. We argue that Goffman’s emphasis on setting adds a level of specificity to Bourdieu’s claim that fields always exist as sites of struggle through providing a way to differentiate between different value systems that may co-exist within the same field.
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Semenov, Denis, Vyacheslav Shlyakhtov, and Alexandr Rumyantsev. "Kinematic analysis as the basis for training strategy in gymnastics." BIO Web of Conferences 29 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20212901012.
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The kinematic analysis of gymnastic skills performance is a widely used research method in sports science. This study presents the experience of applying the method of kinematic analysis in the managing the training process of junior gymnasts on the example of mastering three basic gymnastic skills. The test group included 10 junior male gymnasts of the age 9 to 12. The subject of kinematic analysis was based on comparing gymnasts’ joint angles, angular velocity and angular acceleration parameters. The kinematics parameters of gymnastic skills performance by a highly qualified gymnast became the target model for junior gymnasts. As a result of these targets application in the training of junior gymnasts, changes in the basic skills kinematic parameters were detected. At the end of the study, the kinematics parameters of junior gymnasts became much closer to the model parameters. Thus, the effectiveness of the kinematics analysis method in the training of junior gymnasts was demonstrated.
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Buftea, Victor. "The Modeling method in the training process of the elite gymnasts." Annals of "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati Fascicle XV Physical Education and Sport Management 2 (November 26, 2019): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/efms.2019.2.03.
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In this article are described some methodological approaches concerning the efficiency of the application of the modeling method in the process of training the elite gymnasts. (Female artistic gymnastics). The essence of using this method in the training process is highly appreciated, as it is particularly complex, and it involves some special examinations organized in special conditions.In the study it is also described the designing process of the model of the elite gymnast at different training stages, divided according to age and sportive categories. There are also defined some optimal physical parameters that are considered the most relevant to efficiently exteriorize all the moves during the gymnast's performance at each of the competition's events.
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Ali Munir, Sumaryanti, Cerika Rismayanthi, Padli, Thesya Alda Nia, Yuni Dwi Rahmawati, and Fiky Zarya. "Contribution of Arm Endurance, Leg Strength, and Hip Flex to Cockerical Skill Motion in Amateur Gymnastic Athletes." Journal of Education Research and Evaluation 8, no. 2 (May 28, 2024): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jere.v8i2.75895.
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The components of arm muscle endurance, leg strength, and hip flexibility are bio motor components that are indispensable in the basic kayang technique in gymnastics. These factors affect gymnastics skills in amateur gymnastics athletes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the contribution of arm endurance, leg strength, and back flexibility to kayang skills in amateur athletes at the Lampung Gymnastics Idol Club. This research method uses descriptive quantitative. The population and sample in this study were 20 athletes with a total sampling technique. Arm endurance tests using push-ups, leg strength tests using a Leg dynamometer and back flexibility tests using sit and reach, and kayang skill ability tests using kayang skill observation sheets. The data analysis technique used a multiple correlation formula and then tested with product-moment correlation analysis techniques and tested significantly. The results showed that (1) there is a significant contribution between arm endurance to kayang skills in athletes (2) there is a significant contribution between leg strength to kayang skills in athletes (3) there is a significant contribution between back flexibility to kayang skills in athletes. So it can be concluded that there is a significant contribution together between arm endurance, leg strength, and back flexibility to kayang skills in amateur athletes of Club Idola Gymnastik Lampung. So this is the importance of the coach's role in knowing the contribution of some of these components to support more optimal skill movements, especially in amateur class gymnastics athletes.
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Дідик, Тетяна, Тамара Чернишенко, Лілія Сікорська, and Дарія Кондратюк. "TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING THE FLEXIBILITY OF GIRLS 6-7 YEARS OLD WHO ARE ENGAGED IN ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS AT THE STAGE OF PRELIMINARY BASIC TRAINING." Physical culture sports and health of the nation, no. 17(36) (July 13, 2024): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2071-5285-2024-17(36)-200-208.
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Relevance of the research topic. The article is devoted to the study of the development of the flexibility of 6-7-year-old female artistic gymnasts at the stage of preliminary basic training. The modern system of multi-year training of young female athletes in artistic gymnastics is constantly developing in accordance with new trends and laws of the development of Olympic sports. Special importance is attached to the development of flexibility in artistic gymnastics, in which most elements are performed with a large amplitude of movements, mobility in the joints and flexibility of the musculoskeletal system.The purpose of the research is to develop and scientifically substantiate the methodology of flexibility development in gymnasts-artists aged 6-7 years at the stage of preliminary basic training. Research methods: analysis and generalization of specialized scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical observation, testing, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. The frequency of training sessions was 4 times a week, the duration of which was 120 minutes.The results. After the study, the level of flexibility indicators in the experimental group of 6-7-year- old female artists revealed the reliability of the differences in the tests that measured flexibility in the spine, in the shoulder and hip joints: "bend back to a vertical position in 20 seconds lying on the stomach", "tilt of the torso forward from a sitting position", "gymnastic bridge", "gymnastic stick transfer from front-back-forward", "right-handed twine from a gymnastic bench", "left-handed twine from a gymnastic bench", "lumbar twine" (p<0.05).There was also an increase in CG in the tests "tilt the body forward from a sitting position","right and left splits from the gymnastic bench" (p<0.05). Conclusions. Purposeful implementation of combined exercises in the education of flexibility will allow gymnasts to master special movements, motor actions and dance exercises that are mandatory in artistic gymnastics much faster, and this, in turn, will have a qualitative impact on the further stages of multi- year sports training of young people artists 6-7 years old.
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Leite, Isaura, Márcio Goethel, Filipe Conceição, and Lurdes Ávila-Carvalho. "How Does the Jumping Performance Differs between Acrobatic and Rhythmic Gymnasts?" Biomechanics 3, no. 4 (October 3, 2023): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics3040037.
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An increased jumping performance is key for gymnastics competition routines. Rhythmic gymnasts (RGs) use the jump as one of the main body elements. In Acrobatic Gymnastics (ACRO), top gymnasts must coordinate their jumps with the impulse provided by base gymnast(s). It is expected that the gymnasts’ discipline and role played impact their jumping skill. This work aims to investigate how the jumping performance differs between ACRO gymnasts and RGs, focusing on the Force–Velocity (F-V) profile mechanical variables. Gymnasts were divided in three groups: ACRO tops (n = 10, 13.89 (3.62) median (interquartile interval) years old), ACRO bases (n = 18, 18.24 (4.41) years old) and RGs (n = 15, 12.00 (3.00) years old). The F-V profile during countermovement jump and its mechanical variables were evaluated using MyJump2. A training background survey and anthropometric assessments were conducted. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Group comparisons showed that ACRO bases jump higher than ACRO tops and RGs, present a higher maximal force than RGs and a more balanced F-V profile, while RGs present high force deficits. Coaches can use this data to develop interventions that optimize the training stimulus to different gymnastics disciplines considering the individual characteristics and adaptability of each gymnast.
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Bombaci, Hasan, Ozgur Erdogan, and Ozan Tanyu. "The Groin Pain in the Gymnasts and its Possible Reasons." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00195.
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Objectives: The overuse injury in gymnasts due to overstretching of the joints is quite frequent. One of the most frequent complaints due to overuse injuries is pain on the insertion region of rectus femoris at the iliac apophysis. In the present study the possible reasons of the groin pain in the gymnasts were evaluated. Methods: Twenty-two amateur athletes from the gymnastic club aged between 8-12 years, were included in this study. Twenty were female and two male, Athletes have been training for 2-4 hours in 5-6 days a week, for 3 to 10 years, performing floor exercises (17 rhytmic gymnasts and five artistic gymnasts,). Gymnasts, who have groin pain and the ones have not, were evaluated according to the ligament laxity, the range of internal and external rotation of the hip joint and gymnastic discipline, which has been performed. The results were compared with Fisher’s Exact test and unpaired t-test. Results: Athletes, who have groin pain complaint and have not, were compared according to the age, the distance between thumb-forearm, hyperextension range in the elbow and the sum of internal and external rotation angle of the hips. Furthermore, the athletes, whose external rotation is more than internal rotation, were compared with the ones whose internal rotation is more than external rotation, to evaluate anteversion angle of the hip clinically. The difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). On the other hand, while 7 of the 17 gymnast, who perform rhythmic gymnastics, had groin pain and none of the 5 athletes, who perform artistry gymnastic, has groin pain. Conclusion: Overuse injuries are more common in the gymnastic sport. Repetitive microtrauma with thwarted repair might cause persistent injury in the tendon-bone junction. The anatomic factors (i.e malalignement) and overtraining predispose the athletes to overuse injuries most frequently. During adolescent growth spurt while the growth of long bones proceeds, the rectus femoris muscle, that cross more than one joint, might not gain flexibility enough and leads to excessive tensile stress on the iliac apophysis. Also, the gymnasts with generalized ligamentous laxity are more prone to the overuse injuries. Because lax ligaments fail to provide ligament stability and under further stress on the tissues neighbourhood of joint might cause overuse injuries. However, we were not able to find any difference between the athletes, who have groin pain and the ones have not, from the age, ligament laxity and hip rotation angles points of view. On the other hand, the high prevalence of groin pain complaint in the athletes, who perform rhythm gymnastic, might be related to the discipline specific exercises. So, the overuse injuries might be prevented by the well-planned training program in each particular discipline including strengthening and balance.
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Líška, Dávid, and Juraj Kremnický. "THE LEVEL OF DORSIFLEXION IN YOUNG GYMNASTS COMPARED TO YOUNG ATHLETES - PILOT STUDY." Science of Gymnastics Journal 14, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.14.2.201-210.
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Gymnastic training develops strength, flexibility, concentration, balance, precision, and speed. The purpose of the study is to determine if gymnastic preparation leads to an increase in weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in a closed kinematic chain in young artistic gymnasts compared to a different type of sport. The weight-bearing lunge was chosen to measure the dorsiflexion range of motion in the ankle joint in the closed kinematic chain. The first group consists of members of the Slovak national youth team in artistic gymnastics (n-26). The second group consists of members of the Slovak national team in rhythmic gymnastics (n-13). The control group consists of young athletes (n-22). The mean dorsiflexion range of motion in artistic gymnasts was 47.32 ° in the right ankle joint and 44.75 ° in the left ankle joint. The mean dorsiflexion range of motion in rhythmic gymnasts was 44.32 ° in the right ankle joint and 43.41 ° in the left ankle joint. The mean dorsiflexion range of motion in young athletes was 44.27 ° in the right ankle joint and 42.32 ° in the left ankle joint. Results indicate a statistically significant difference in favor of artistic gymnasts compared to rhythmic gymnasts at the right ankle joint (p-0.04). In the left ankle, the two groups did not differ significantly from each other (p-0.38). There was no significant difference between artistic gymnasts and athletes in the right ankle joint (p-0.09) and the left ankle joint (p-0.19). There was no significant difference between rhythmic gymnasts and athletes at the right ankle joint (p-0.38) and the left ankle joint (p-0.24). A greater dorsiflexion range of motion in a closed kinematic chain in the ankle joint was detected in young gymnasts compared to rhythmic gymnasts. There was no significant difference between artistic gymnasts and athletes.
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Charpy, Séréna, Pierre Billard, Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux, Joris Chapon, and Pascal Edouard. "Epidemiology of injuries in elite Women’s Artistic Gymnastics: a retrospective analysis of six seasons." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 9, no. 4 (October 2023): e001721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001721.
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BackgroundWomen’s Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) is a sport well known for requiring a heavy and difficult training load from a younger age to reach a high level of performance. This also is associated with an injury risk. Epidemiological studies are thus needed to improve injury prevention strategies.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the injury epidemiology in French high-level WAG.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of injury data collected prospectively over six seasons from the 2014–2015 season to the 2019–2020 season among French high-level Women’s Artistic Gymnasts from the France Gymnastics National Centre of Saint-Etienne. We performed descriptive analyses, including the calculation of the 1-year injury prevalence.Results43 gymnasts were included in this study, representing 111 gymnast-seasons. A total of 285 injuries were collected over the study period, that was, an average of 2.6 injuries per gymnast per season. On average, 91.4% of gymnasts had at least one injury per season. The estimated injury incidence rate was 1.8 injuries per 1000 hours of gymnastics practice. The knee was the most affected joint (16%), followed by the elbow (12%) and the ankle (12%). The most frequent injury type was physis pathologies (16%) and bone injuries (15%). Eighty-eight per cent of injuries required a modification of the gymnastics practice.ConclusionsThe results of this study allowed a description of the epidemiology of injuries in this population of young and elite gymnasts. This very high injury prevalence supports the need to improve injury risk reduction strategies in WAG.
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Nelson, Richard C., Ted S. Gross, and Glenn M. Street. "Vaults Performed by Female Olympic Gymnasts: A Biomechanical Profile." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 1, no. 2 (May 1985): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.1.2.111.
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The purpose of this report was to provide a model analysis of biomechanical films taken during the women's gymnastic vaulting events of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. Although a majority of the optional vaults were filmed, only the 16 vaults performed by the competitors in the individual championships were examined. The analysis included calculations of temporal, spatial, and velocity parameters as the gymnast's center of mass moved through four phases of the vault. The phases were identified as Reuther board contact, prehorse flight, horse contact, and posthorse flight. A representative profile of a female gymnast competing in the Games was compiled based on these parameters. This profile indicated that the gymnasts were much smaller than the average population, efficient in the use of the Reuther board and the horse to reach and maintain CM velocities necessary to complete the vault, and agile enough to perform complex airborne rotations during an average posthorse flight duration of .80s.
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ČUK, Ivan. "Do Code of Points in men artistic gymnastics and women artistic gymnastics favor asymmetric elements?" Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte 30, no. 1 (March 2016): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-55092016000100009.
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Abstract The purpose of research was to determine whether Code of Point (COP) in Men Artistic Gymnastics (MAG) and Women Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) favor asymmetric elements in order to build gymnast’s competition exercise. All elements which are described in MAG (N = 993) and WAG (N = 713) COP were included and defined if they are symmetric at start position, during movement and at final position. Element is symmetric by arms and trunk with legs activity when all left and right body side performs simultaneously same activity. Results show in MAG COP as a whole is significantly more asymmetric elements with asymmetric trunk and legs activity. In WAG COP as a whole is significantly more asymmetric elements with asymmetric activity of arms, trunk and legs. Hypothetical most difficulty exercises on each apparatus revealed that in general for all around gymnast proportion between asymmetric and symmetric elements is close to 70% to 30%, what suggests that difficulty relates to increased asymmetry. COP in MAG and WAG enforces asymmetric movements for achieving high results, however, coaches’ task is to be aware of COP influence on gymnasts’ health and minimize asymmetries in load and to work on symmetric conditioning.
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Krafte, Diana, Andra Fernāte, and Viesturs Lāriņš. "THE COMPOSITIONAL AND MUSICAL COMPONENTS OF SPECIAL ARTISTRY IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 21, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol4.3933.
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Rhythmic gymnastics is an Olympic sport. Competitive composition in rhythmic gymnastics should not only meeting the requirements of the physical abilities, but being technically perfect and expressively performed by a gymnast as well. Describing the expressiveness of rhythmic gymnast’s performance, the term “special artistry” is used. Special artistry in rhythmic gymnastics means artistry of compositional content, artistry of rhythmic gymnast, shown by athlete during performance of competitional composition and gymnast’s artistic abilities, influencing aesthetical effect of composition performance. The evaluation of judges at competitions often has a subjective character that is why the actual task of research is to make the expert assessment more objective. Particular investigation in general focuses on possible solutions to make alternative judging. Thus special artistry generally is viewed in 4 components – technical, aesthetical, compositional and musical. This paper is focused only on compositional and musical components of special artistry, headlining creation, build and content of composition, its execution and compositional and musical skills of the gymnast. The aim of the research is to define and to classify competitional composition determining components criteria and exponents of special artistry in rhythmic gymnastics. To develop this research there was used the meta-analysis of scientific literature, using researches of the top rhythmic gymnastics, art and music specialists from one data base, with further creation of thematic typology of elements. In total there were screened 961 sources of which 107 qualified and 25 were chosen for further research. Investigating chosen data sources by the appropriated search terms, as a result 15 criteria and 104 exponents in compositional component, and 5 criteria and 4 exponents in musical component of special artistry in rhythmic gymnastics were determined and classified according to the selected structure of special artistry components in rhythmic gymnastics.
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Kyselovičová, Oľga, Lucia Selecká, Adriana Krnáčová, and Anita Lamošová. "BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STAG LEAP WITH BACK BEND OF THE TRUNK: A CASE STUDY." Science of Gymnastics Journal 12, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.12.3.243-253.
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Biomechanical considerations as reflected in correct or incorrect technique, particularly in all gymnastic disciplines are more than undoubted. The stag leap as a variation of split leaps is one of the fundamental gymnastics skill and a key movement in the development of elite female gymnasts. The aim of the study was to analyse the kinematic characteristics of the stag leap with back bend of the trunk performed in rhythmic gymnastics and simultaneously find out the explosive power regarding this particular element. A member of Slovakian national team was involved in the study. Kinematic characteristics of the element were analysed. A capture system consisting of 8 infrared cameras were employed to collect the data. The explosive power of the lower limbs were diagnosed by a jump ergometer with 2 standardized tests: vertical counter-movement jump with the fixation of the arms and 10-second repetitive vertical jumps with arms movements. In addition, the explosive power of the lower limbs was also observed in the flight phase of the element. The results in 10-second repetitive jumps show the highest value of gymnast centre of mass 46.4 cm, contact time 0.195 s and the best active output in the flight phase 58.3 W.kg-1. While performing the difficulty element, slightly different data were observed due to the complexity and more demanding motor coordination of both upper and lower body segments: the highest value of gymnast centre of mass was 40.8 cm, contact time 0.209 s and the output in the active flight phase 52.8 W.kg-1.
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MARTIROSOVA, T. A., E. D. KONDRASHOVA, and D. V. LOGINOV. "HISTORICAL AND ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS IN RUSSIA." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 54, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2020-54-4-244.
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Statement of the problem. In the legislation of the Russian Federation, physical culture and sport are prescribed as the most important components of the integral development of the individual. Physical culture and sports are represented by a set of achievements in improving health and forming a healthy lifestyle of the Russian population. Despite the fact that rhythmic gymnastics is a relatively young sport, it should be a physical culture and sports practice for the creative development of the values of sports, and actively used for the comprehensive development of the Russian population. Its means and methods should serve to improve the sports skills of Russian gymnasts to represent them on the international stage, self-improvement, improve performance, increase the body’s resistance to adverse environmental influences, reduce the incidence of diseases in order to preserve the country’s gene pool. The purpose of the article is to consider the development of rhythmic gymnastics in Russia from the point of view of a historical and analytical approach; on the basis of the identified gymnastic systems of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, to form criteria for modern rhythmic gymnastics that improve the athletic skills of gymnasts. Methodology (materials and methods). A review of the scientific literature has shown that the study of the development of rhythmic gymnastics based on a historical and analytical approach is an empirical component for identifying and establishing general historical patterns. Historical phenomena are analyzed on the basis of a logical method of study. The principle of concrete historical research involves the study of the meaningful history of the subject under study in specific empirical manifestations. And the abstract-historical principle reveals historical regularity, without referring to the empirical history itself. The abstract-historical principle reconstructs the selected regularity on the basis of theoretical assumptions. The knowledge gained in the course of studying the past indicates the independent value of information. The historical-analytical approach is based on the “principle of historicism”. In a broad sense, this principle means the need to consider the phenomenon under study in its present state from the perspective of the past, determining the continuity between historical forms. Research results. Within the framework of the historical and analytical approach, the main criteria in modern rhythmic gymnastics are formed, which will serve to improve the sports skills of gymnasts. Conclusions. The formed main criteria of modern rhythmic gymnastics, identified on the basis of gymnastic systems of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, included: technical and artistic performance of compositions. The first reflects the technical and aesthetic characteristics of gymnastic elements and combinations, which include technical and aesthetic characteristics-posture, leg inversion, accuracy of movement, lightness, completeness, unity. The second reveals the ability of gymnasts to create an artistic image, convey feelings and mood through expressive gestures and facial expressions, musicality and dance.
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Momma, Daisuke, Wataru Iwamoto, Kaori Endo, Kazuki Sato, and Norimasa Iwasaki. "Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Shoulder Joint in Gymnasts: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 232596712096210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120962103.
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Background: The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density is an indicator of stress distribution over a joint surface under long-term physiologic loading. The biomechanical characteristics of the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint in gymnasts can be determined by measuring this distribution pattern. Purpose: To evaluate the distribution of subchondral bone density across the shoulder joint in male collegiate gymnasts and to determine the effects of gymnastic activities on its articular surfaces under long-term loading conditions using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM). Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: CT image data were obtained from both shoulders of 12 asymptomatic male collegiate gymnasts (gymnast group; mean age, 19.4 years; range, 18-22 years) and 10 male collegiate volunteers (control group; mean age, 20.2 years; range, 18-22 years). The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density across the articular surfaces of each shoulder joint was assessed by CTOAM. Quantitative analysis was performed of the locations and percentages of high-density areas on the articular surface. Results: Stress distribution patterns over the articular surfaces differed between the gymnasts and the controls. In the gymnasts, high-density areas were detected on the posterosuperior articular surface of the humeral head and the anterosuperior and/or posterosuperior articular surface of the glenoid. Mean bone density was greater in the gymnasts than in the controls ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Stress distribution over the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint was affected by gymnastic activities. Stress was concentrated over the superior part of the glenohumeral joint in male collegiate gymnasts. Clinical Relevance: The present findings suggest that gymnastic activities increase stress to the articular surfaces of the superior glenohumeral joint. This supports the notion that mechanical conditions play a crucial role in the origin of disorders particular to gymnastic activities.
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Ste-Marie, Diane M. "International Bias in Gymnastic Judging: Conscious or Unconscious Influences?" Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3 (December 1996): 963–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.963.
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A clear pattern of international bias in gymnastic judging is that judges award gymnasts from their own country higher scores than other judges who have evaluated the same routine. Two experiments tested whether international bias in gymnastic judging could be partially explained by unconscious influences in the form of exposure or perceptual fluency effects. It was reasoned that repeated exposure to a gymnast's routine would lead to perceptual fluency effects that would be misattributed to increased appreciation of the routine. This misattribution could result in judges awarding higher scores. No support was provided for the hypothesis of unconscious influences. The results are discussed in terms of the possible factors that contributed to a null effect and the practical implications for gymnastic judging.
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Radoev, Sergey. "Methodologically and Psychological Aspects in the Gymnastics Training." World Journal of Educational Research 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): p21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v10n1p21.
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The author has created two gymnastic exercises on parallel bars on the basis of objective logical analysis. One of them (bent with side straddleturn and twist on 90 degrees to longitudinal angle swing) is performed by the author and some other gymnastics. The next one—the same with open legs is performed only by the author (1989), which makes the article innovative activity. By this moment no other gymnast has performed the exercise.The significance of the physical and the technical as well as the psychological preparation for successful learning of new and difficult gymnastic exercises is underlined.
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Suprun, A., A. Titova, and V. Borisova. "TEMPO AND RHYTHMIC ABILITIES IN FEMALE GYMNASTS AS A FACTOR OF MOTOR SYNCHRONICITY IN GROUP GYMNASTIC ROUTINES." Human Sport Medicine 20, no. 3 (November 26, 2020): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm200310.
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Aim. The paper aims to justify the need to take into account the tempo and rhythmic abilities of female gymnasts as one of the factors of motor synchronicity in group gymnastic routines. Materials and methods. The study involved 12 highly skilled gymnasts aged from 18 to 19 years (Masters of Sport in rhythmic gymnastics). Two groups were formed based on gymnastic routines. Tempo and rhythmic abilities were assessed, and an expert evaluation of mistakes in motor synchronicity was carried out. Results. During the expert evaluation, the athletes made errors in the following components: unintended movements in start and final positions, lack of accuracy in positions and transitions, unity of routines and composition, where one follows from the other but is evaluated by different judges. It was also determined that the rhythmic pattern with the faster tempo was done more accurately than those with the slower tempo if it was simple. The rhythmic pattern such as eighth two sixteenth and three-beat dotted causes more difficulties when performed with inner counting (p ˂ 0.05). The strongest correlations between an expert evaluation of motor synchronicity and tempo and rhythmic abilities were found for the following rhythmic patterns: two-beat dotted, three-beat dotted, syncope (r = –0.524; r = –0.485; r = –0.545). Conclusion. The tempo and rhythmic abilities of gymnasts characterize the quality of motor synchronicity in group gymnastic routines, namely, the ability of gymnasts to implement the tempo and rhythmic structure of motor actions to music.
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Costa, Vítor Ricci, Renato Francisco Rodrigues Marques, Mauricio dos Santos Oliveira, and Myrian Nunomura. "“PUPPETS” IN WOMEN’S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS: THE COACH-GYMNAST RELATIONSHIP FROM PIERRE BOURDIEU’S LENS." Science of Gymnastics Journal 12, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.12.3.367-380.
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In Women's Artistic Gymnastics (WAG), athletes can be coach dependent, becoming submissive and this scenario may reflect subordination, harassment and abuse. This is worrying, because gymnasts are usually children. However, we argue that coach conduct depends on complex interactions. Thus, we analyzed how the coach-gymnast relationship is built. We used Pierre Bourdieu's categories to argue our reflections. We identified that the domination forms in the coach-gymnast relationship are responsible for shaping long-lasting dispositions, triggered by a process marked by the inculcation and embodiment of certain practices. Thus, gymnasts develop a class habitus that reproduces and legitimates the logic of this field. Our appropriation of Bourdieu's lens has shown that the gymnasts are at a disadvantage in relation to the coaches and to the system. Therefore, these structures should not demand early outcomes, but allow gymnasts to decide whether they want to continue in this “game of domination”.
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Campbell, Rhiannon A., Elizabeth J. Bradshaw, Nick B. Ball, David L. Pease, and Wayne Spratford. "Injury epidemiology and risk factors in competitive artistic gymnasts: a systematic review." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 17 (January 22, 2019): 1056–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099547.
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BackgroundArtistic gymnastics is reported to have some of the highest injury rates in sports, which limits participation and often involves considerable medical expenses.PurposeTo critically appraise the epidemiological literature on injury patterns and risk factors in competitive artistic gymnastics.Study designSystematic review.MethodsSix databases were searched for articles that investigated injuries in competitive artistic gymnasts. Injury incidence, prevalence and risk factor data were extracted, alongside information on injury location, type, severity, nature and mechanism of injury. Quality and level of evidence were assessed using a modified Downs and Black quality index checklist and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine guidelines.ResultsThe search identified 894 articles, with 22 eligible for inclusion. Descriptive analysis showed that injury incidence and prevalence varied from 0.3 to 3.6 injuries per gymnast (female=0.3–3.6, male=0.7) and 2.0–2.3 (female=2.0–2.3, male=2.0), respectively. Male gymnasts sustained mostly upper limb injuries, while female gymnast reported lower limb injuries. Floor was associated with the greatest number of injuries for both male and female gymnasts. Higher competitive level and exposure to competition were risk factors for gymnastics injury: age, body mass, body size, training duration and life stress were significant associated factors.ConclusionInjury incidence and prevalence results are substantial among artistic gymnasts of all competitive levels. Gymnasts who train at highly competitive levels and are exposed to competition environments are a greater risk of injury. Future researchers should implement consistent reporting methods.
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Bagci, Emre. "ANALYZING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN GYMNAST'S STATURE AND MEDAL PERFORMANCE ON APPARATUSES IN MEN'S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS." Science of Gymnastics Journal 15, no. 3 (October 30, 2023): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.15.3.339-347.
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In order to achieve success in sports, certain physical fitness characteristics are necessary. This study aims to determine whether a relationship exists between the height of male gymnasts who have won medals in the World Championships and Olympic Games in Artistic Gymnastics, and the apparatus on which they achieved those medals. Competitions in Men’s Artistic Gymnastics at World Championships and Olympic Games are held in six apparatuses for individuals: floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars and horizontal bar. Each apparatus follows specific rules for evaluating gymnastics routines. Airborne acrobatics dominate on floor and vault, while support holds prominence on pommel horse and parallel bars, and hanging manoeuvres characterize rings and the high bar. While a gymnast’s body height influences all forms of gymnastics, the question remains: who can rise to the top on each apparatus? Within the scope of the research, the results between the years from 2009 to 2021 were examined. In this context, data from three Olympic Games (2012, 2016 and 2020) and nine World Championships (2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2019) were used. The heights (251 sets of data) of the gymnasts who won medals in these competitions were evaluated. While the shortest of the medal-winning gymnasts was 150cm tall (floor exercise and pommel horse) and the tallest 183cm (floor exercise and horizontal bar), the average height of the medal-winning gymnasts was 164.67cm (± 6.12). There is statistically significant difference between the heights of the gymnasts who won medals on apparatuses (p<0.05).
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Heck, Kaysha, Giorgio Zeppieri, Michelle Bruner, Michael Moser, Kevin W. Farmer, and Federico Pozzi. "Preseason Upper Extremity Range of Motion and Strength in Relation to In-Season Injuries in NCAA Division I Gymnasts." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 232596712097709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120977090.
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Background: Gymnastics is a demanding sport that places unique forces on the upper extremity. The repetitive nature of the sport and the high-impact forces involved may predispose the gymnast to overuse injuries. Risk factors for injuries in gymnastics are not well understood. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether preseason upper extremity range of motion (ROM) and strength differ between National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I collegiate gymnasts who sustain an in-season upper extremity injury and those who do not. We hypothesized that gymnasts who sustain an upper extremity injury would demonstrate reduced ROM and strength compared with noninjured gymnasts. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Over 4 seasons, from 2014 to 2018, a total of 15 female NCAA Division I collegiate gymnasts underwent preseason upper extremity ROM (shoulder: flexion, internal and external rotation; elbow: extension; wrist: extension) and strength (shoulder: internal and external rotation, and middle and lower trapezius) testing. Overuse upper extremity injuries were tracked in each subsequent season. Gymnasts were dichotomized into injured and noninjured groups, and a 2 × 2 analysis of variance was used to measure differences in preseason measures between the groups as well as within arms (injured vs noninjured arm for the injured group; dominant vs nondominant arm for the noninjured group). Results: A total of 12 overuse upper extremity injuries (10 shoulders; 2 wrist/forearm) occurred during 31 gymnast-seasons. There were no significant interactions for preseason ROM and strength measurements between groups (injured vs noninjured) or within arms (injured and noninjured arm for the injured group; dominant and nondominant arm for the noninjured group; P = .07). Conclusion: Preseason upper extremity ROM and strength were not different between gymnasts who sustained an in-season upper extremity overuse injury and those who did not. It is possible that ROM and strength measures used to screen other overhead athletes may not capture the unique features and requirements of gymnastics. Further, it may be challenging to discern differences in clinical measures of ROM and strength in gymnastics populations owing to the bilateral nature of the sport.
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Čuk, Ivan. "EDITORIAL." Science of Gymnastics Journal 13, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.13.3.299-300.
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Dear friends, All gymnastic disciplines were excellent at this year’s Summer Olympic Games. Great achievements of our athletes in artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastic and trampolining! From my subjective point of view, Nikita Nagorny made a huge step forward to further our sport. It took all this time since OG 1988 in Seoul, when Valery Ljukin from the former Soviet Union performed a triple salto backward tucked, to see Nikita Nagorny perform a triple salto backward piked at a major competition. It will take some more time before followers start performing the triple backward piked. However, our science supports and facilitates improvements in apparatus, the development of better methods of strength training, psychological readiness, and so on, and all this leads to further developments in our sport. Having the Olympic Games and the World Championships within three months of the same year created many challenges for everyone involved in competitive gymnastics. On one hand, there is gymnasts’ tiredness, on another, new faces bring in new energy. There are new challenges for researchers too. In the middle of October, Flavio Bessi organised International Freiburg Gymnastics Congress online. You can find it at https://www.sport.uni-freiburg.de/en/events/international-gymnastics-congress. Contributing authors in this issue are from Tunisia, Oman, Brazil, Germany, United Kingdom, Slovenia, Russia and Greece. Again, many different aspects of gymnastics are presented. Anton Gajdoš and Michal Babela drafted the 22nd short historical note introducing Samulel Piasecky from Slovakia. Sadly, we lost a gymnastic friend. Aljoša Demjanov who competed for Russia and Croatia passed away last summer. R.I.P., Aljoša. Just to remind you, if you cite the journal, its abbreviation in the Web of Knowledge is SCI GYMN J. I wish you enjoyable reading and many new ideas for research projects and articles. Ivan Čuk Editor-in-Chief
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Barreto, Joana, Filipe Casanova, César Peixoto, Bradley Fawver, and Andrew Mark Williams. "How Task Constraints Influence the Gaze and Motor Behaviours of Elite-Level Gymnasts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 6941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136941.
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Perception-action coupling is fundamental to effective motor behaviour in complex sports such as gymnastics. We examined the gaze and motor behaviours of 10 international level gymnasts when performing two skills on the mini-trampoline that matched the performance demands of elite competition. The presence and absence of a vaulting table in each skill served as a task-constraint factor, while we compared super-elite and elite groups. We measured visual search behaviours and kinematic variables during the approach run phase. The presence of a vaulting table influenced gaze behaviour only in the elite gymnasts, who showed significant differences in the time spent fixating on the mini-trampoline, when compared to super-elite gymnasts. Moreover, different approach run characteristics were apparent across the two different gymnastic tasks, irrespective of the level of expertise, and take-off velocity was influenced by the skill being executed across all gymnasts. Task constraints and complexity influence gaze behaviours differed across varying levels of expertise in gymnastics, even within a sample of international level athletes. It appears that the time spent fixating their gazes on the right areas of interest during the approach run is crucial to higher-level performance and therefore higher scores in competition, particularly on the mini-trampoline with vaulting table.
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Niespodziński, Bartłomiej, Rafał Grad, Andrzej Kochanowicz, Jan Mieszkowski, Michel Marina, Mariusz Zasada, and Kazimierz Kochanowicz. "The Neuromuscular Characteristics of Gymnasts’ Jumps and Landings at Particular Stages of Sports Training." Journal of Human Kinetics 78, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0027.
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Abstract Safe and proper landings are crucial elements of gymnastics events. Long-term training leads to specific neuromuscular adaptations which are yet to be explored in terms of gymnastic landings. The aim of the study was to assess differences in landings’ neuromuscular characteristics between gymnasts at three subsequent gymnastic training stages and age-matched non-athletes. Forty-six gymnasts (G) and 58 controls (C) performed countermovement jumps on a force plate with simultaneous surface electromyography (SEMG) of lower body muscles, measured during the pre-(100 ms) and post-landing phase (0-100 and 0-200 ms). Three age groups participated in the study: 8–10 (G1, C1), 12–14 (G2, C2), 18–25 (G3, C3) years. Analysis included the normalized root mean square (NRMS) SEMG signal and ground reaction forces (GRFs). Gymnasts achieved 13% higher values (p = 0.04) of relative peak GRFs in comparison with controls. It was especially seen in 8–10-year-olds: G1 presented 33% higher (p = 0.03) results than C1 and G2. In SEMG analysis, gymnasts showed overall lower NRMS values in comparison with the controls. In the pre-landing phase, the NRMS in the rectus femoris was from 1.6 up to 3.4 times higher for C1 (p = 0.02) than for C2, G2, C3, and G3. Gymnasts across subsequent training stages exhibit different patterns of neuromuscular coordination during landings. The highest GRF observed in the youngest gymnasts may be a potential risk factor of injuries. Therefore, further injury-focused investigation is recommended to monitor landing strategies among gymnasts of different stages with particular emphasis on the beginners.
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Pritchard, N. Stewart, and Jillian E. Urban. "AN ANALYSIS OF HEAD KINEMATICS IN WOMEN'S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS." Science of Gymnastics Journal 12, no. 3 (November 3, 2022): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.12.3.229-242.
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Concussions in gymnastics have scarcely been researched; however, current evidence suggests that concussion rates may be higher than previously reported due to underreporting among coaches, athletes, and parents. The purpose of this study was to outline a method for collecting head impact data in gymnastics, and to provide the first measurements of head impact exposure within gymnastics. Three optional level women’s artistic gymnasts (ages 11-16) were instrumented with a mouthpiece sensor that measured linear acceleration, rotational velocity, and rotational acceleration of the head during contact and aerial phases of skills performed during practice. Peak linear acceleration, peakrotational velocity, peak rotational acceleration, duration, and time to peak linearacceleration were calculated from sensor data. Kinematic data was time-synchronized to videoand then sensor data was segmented into contact scenarios and skills characterized by theevent rotation, apparatus, landing mat type, skill type, skill phase, landing stability, andbody region contacted. The instrumented gymnasts were exposed to 1,394 contact scenarios(41 per gymnast per session), of which 114 (3.9 per gymnast per session) contained headcontact. Peak kinematics varied across skill type, apparatuses, and landing mats. The medianduration of impacts with head contact (177 ms) was longer than measured impacts in youth andcollegiate level soccer. Results from this study help provide a foundation for future researchthat may seek to examine head impact exposure within gymnastics to better informconcussion prevention and post-concussion return to play protocols within the sport.
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Bezek, Emily M., Ann E. VanHeest, and Douglas T. Hutchinson. "Grip Lock Injury in Male Gymnasts." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 1, no. 6 (November 2009): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738109347965.
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Background: Grip lock is a high bar injury in male gymnastics and occurs while the gymnast is rotating around the high bar. Its mechanism and treatment have been poorly documented. Study Design: Case reports. Results: One gymnast sustained an extensor tendon injury and ulnar styloid fracture and was treated nonoperatively. The second gymnast sustained open fracture of the radius and ulna with extensor tendon ruptures and was surgically treated. Both gymnasts healed and were able to return to collegiate gymnastics despite residual finger extensor lag. Conclusions: Grip lock is a physically and psychologically devastating injury on the men’s high bar that can cause forearm fractures and extensor tendon injuries at the wrist (Zone 8), which may result in residual extensor tendon lag. Injuries may be prevented with proper grip fit, appropriate maintenance of grips, and limited duration of use, as well as education of athletes, athletic trainers, and coaches
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Motoya, Satoshi, Atsushi Kiuchi, Shinichi Nagata, and Rina Kano. "A descriptive study on the exercise tasks of HaltungsschulungHaltungsschulung at the Sport und Gymnastik Schule KiedaischGymnastik Kiedaisch, a private gymnastic school in Germany." Journal of Gymnastics for All 17 (2023): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4107/gym.17.30.
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Mkaouer, Bessem, Monèm Jemni, Helmi Chaabene, Samiha Amara, Ahmad Njah, and Mokhtar Chtara. "Effect of Two Different Types of Olympic Rotation Order on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Variables in Men’s Artistic Gymnastics." Journal of Human Kinetics 61, no. 1 (March 23, 2018): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0120.
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Abstract The rotation sequence-order differs from a gymnast to another according to the draw at the time of the qualifying competitions in men’s artistic gymnastics. Only the six best gymnasts start on the floor exercises, the others could start on any of the other five apparatuses. It has been demonstrated that some gymnastics events are physiologically less taxing than others; hence some gymnasts could experience lower and/or higher levels of cardiovascular and metabolic stress compared to others, depending on the apparatus they start with. In this regard, the objective of this investigation was to compare cardiovascular and metabolic variables between two different types of Olympic rotation-order; one began with the floor exercises and the other began with the pommel horse. Six elite male gymnasts took part in this investigation. Heart rates, synchronized with real-time video acquisition, as well as capillary lactate concentration following each apparatus routine were monitored. Cardiovascular and metabolic stresses were significantly higher when gymnasts started their rotation with the pommel horse in all apparatuses except the pommel horse. The floor exercises’ score was significantly affected when gymnasts ended up their competition on this apparatus. As a conclusion, starting gymnastics’ competition on the floor exercises implicates less cardiovascular and metabolic stress associated with better performance compared with the other rotation order. As a matter of fact, best gymnasts who start on this apparatus could have a slight advantage compared with the other athletes.
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Veit, Frederike, Juliane Veit, and Thomas Heinen. "The Influence of Music on Judges’ Evaluation of Complex Skills in Gymnastics." European Journal of Sport Sciences 1, no. 5 (September 6, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2022.1.5.31.
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In technical compositional sports, such as gymnastics, judges' decisions regarding deductions for errors in an athlete's execution of complex skills lead to the final evaluation of the exercise shown. Different variables can become important in the context of decisions in sports, and consequently, various factors influence the judges’ performances. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the influence of music on the evaluations of female gymnastics floor routines. Participants' task was to evaluate gymnastic series on the floor in three different conditions (audio-visual, beat-matched, and visual). The results show that the participants (22 judges and 22 laypeople) rated the executions of the gymnastic series in the beat-matched condition (unchanged video file and selected music) higher than in the audio-visual (unchanged video file and auditory information) and visual (unchanged video file and no auditory information) conditions. By the fact that performances in the beat-matched condition are rated the highest by the judges, one could conclude that it makes it worthwhile for the gymnasts to select their music so that the rhythmical structure coincides with the corresponding motor activity.
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Heinen, Thomas, Jannis Frackmann, Alina Müller, and Vanessa Zöllner. "MOVEMENT REGULATION IN DISMOUNTS ON THE BALANCE BEAM." Science of Gymnastics Journal 16, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.16.2.169-179.
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In artistic gymnastics, the apparatus structure is considered an essential constraint in regulating gymnastic skill performance under an operating coupling between perception and action. The question arises of how such regulation processes generalize within gymnastic skills with a similar movement goal but a different structure. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze how a particular environmental constraint (i.e., space available on the balance beam) regulates gymnasts’ performance in skills with a similar movement goal but a different movement structure. Female gymnasts were asked to perform the round-off and the handspring as dismounts on the balance beam in two conditions (baseline vs. reduced space available). Gymnasts exhibited differences in foot positioning between experimental conditions. For both skills, the most significant part of regulation occurred between the starting point and the first step, and a small part of regulation occurred between the first step and the placement of the hands. While for the round-off, another small part of regulation also occurred between the placement of the second hand and landing on the mat, there was virtually no regulation between the placement of the hands and landing on the mat in the handspring. It is concluded that, for gymnasts, adapting to varying constraints from trial to trial can be seen as an essential skill. Implementing these constraints into practice schedules may help develop a broad range of regulation strategies.
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Bessi, Flavio, and Jan Pfeifer. "ROTATION SCHEMES OF THE BEST FEMALE GYMNASTS IN THE WORLD." Science of Gymnastics Journal 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.10.3.401-411.
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Worldwide trainers ask if there is a rotation scheme, which improves the gymnastics performance and/or facilitates the learning of the elements with longitudinal rotations. Although there are some surveys and scientific publications on it, we still are seeking for more data to understand the undergoing relationships within the rotation habits of high-level gymnasts. In a recent study, the Men’s Individual All‐Around finalists at the Olympic Games Rio 2016 were categorized using the current classification system of rotational schemes. This study aims first to categorize the Women’s Individual All‐Around finalists at the Olympic Games Rio 2016. Furthermore; the analysis should help to improve the classification system by comparing both genders. We assume that the female rotation scheme should be more complicated due to the requirements of choreographic movements and gymnastic turns. In this context, the study aims to set a viable classification system for female gymnasts as well. The study revealed that 52% of the female finalists turn to the right while 48% prefer to rotate to the left after having crossed out the dance and gymnastic elements.
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Gasparetto, Zadriane, Adenizia Luciana Julião, Mabliny Thuany, Paula Felippe Martinez, Sarita De Mendonça Bacciotti, and Silvio Assis De Oliveira-Junior. "CONCERNS ABOUT STRENGTH TESTS IN GYMNASTICS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Science of Gymnastics Journal 14, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.14.2.225-236.
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This study aims to analyze the specialized literature on the protocols, instruments, and techniques used to train and assess strength in gymnastics practitioners or athletes who are represented by the International Gymnastics Federation (Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique – FIG). The systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Systematic searches on the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, and SPORTDiscus databases were conducted using the following keywords: “assessment,” OR “measurement,” OR “evaluation,” AND “child*,” OR “young,” OR “adolesc*,” AND “athlete*,” OR “practitioner,” OR “gymnast*,” AND “gymnastic*,” OR “trampoline,” AND “muscle strength,” OR “muscle power,” OR “strength,” OR “power,” OR “concentric,” OR “performance,” OR “explosive strength,” OR “motor tests”. Studies included in this review address the assessment and training of strength in gymnastics or athletes. Fourteen studies assessing the physical capacity strength in practitioners or gymnastic athletes were the basis of this systematic review. These articles describe low-cost, easy-to-apply protocols and instruments performed in the training gym. The included articles focused on assessing the strength level of adolescent male and female practitioners or athletes for talent selection and detection, as well as lesion reduction. Despite the benefits of strength training, such as better performance and fewer injuries, in general, strength is not regularly assessed. Only studies encompassing artistic and rhythmic gymnastics were found.
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McAuley, Edward, Joan Duda, Atsushi Fujita, Lise Gauvin, Wayne Halliwell, Yuri L. Hanin, Brad D. Hatfield, et al. "Success and Causality in Sport: The Influence of Perception." Journal of Sport Psychology 7, no. 1 (March 1985): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsp.7.1.13.
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This study was designed to examine perceptions of causality and perceptions of success in women's intercollegiate gymnastics and to determine the relative influence of perception of success on causal explanations for performance and the reciprocal influence, if any, of causal attributions on perceptions of success. Intercollegiate gymnasts were asked to indicate how successful they felt their performance had been on each of four Olympic gymnastic events. The gymnasts also completed the Causal Dimension Scale (Russell, 1982) following performance of each event. The score awarded by the judges for each event was employed as an objective, absolute measure of performance. Multivariate analyses of variance that revealed more internal, stable, and controllable attributions for performance were made by those gymnasts who scored high and perceived their performance as more successful than those gymnasts who scored lower and perceived their performance as less successful. The results of this study are discussed in terms of new approaches to attribution research in sport.
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Vlachojannis, Julia, and Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann. "Update zur Phytotherapie bei Rückenschmerzen." Zeitschrift für Komplementärmedizin 15, no. 05 (October 2023): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2157-5330.
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SummaryMehr als 20 % der Bevölkerung leiden an chronischen unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen. Bei einer gemeinsamen Auswertung von Guidelines aus 15 Ländern ergab sich eine Therapieempfehlung für nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika, Antidepressiva zusätzlich zu Gymnastik und psychosozialer Therapie. Doch wegen möglicher Nebenwirkungen unter Einnahme der Synthetika sollten zuvor pflanzliche Medikamente versucht werden. Als basale pflanzliche Entzündungshemmer stehen das Hagebuttenpulver aus Dänemark und ein wässriger Teufelskrallenwurzelextrakt mit > 50 mg Harpagosid in der Tagesdosis zur Verfügung, mit oder ohne Einnahme eines hypericinreichen Johanniskrautextrakts oder eines wirkstoffreichen Safranextrakts. Bei akuten Exazerbationen chronischer Rückenschmerzen kann zusätzlich ein auf Salicin standardisierter Weidenrindenextrakt hilfreich sein.
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Dimitriadou, Koralli, Costas Dallas, Sotiris Papouliakos, and George Dallas. "QUALITY OF LIFE, LEVEL OF ANXIETY AND LEVEL OF DEPRESSION AMONG FORMER ARTISTIC GYMNASTS, FORMER GYMNASTS FROM OTHER SPORTS AND NON-ATHLETES." Science of Gymnastics Journal 14, no. 3 (October 28, 2022): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/sgj.14.3.391-399.
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Involving people in physical activity or sport provides some health-related benefits and has a positive effect on their quality of life (QoL). However, high level athletes experience anxiety to cope with the high demands of the sport. The purpose of the study was to assess the QοL, level of anxiety (STAI) and level of depression (BDI) among former artistic gymnasts, former athletes from other gymnastics sports (acrobatic, rhythmic, gymnastics for all) and non-athletes. Secondly, it aimed to investigate if there are gender differences within the groups on the aforementioned variables. 114 healthy people (75 women and 39 men) were involved in the present study with a mean age 27.11 ± 9.92 years. The sample was divided into 3 different groups (1st group: 39 former artistic gymnasts (FAG); 2nd group: 53 former gymnasts from other gymnastic sports (GOS), and 3rd group: 22 non-athletes (CG). Participants were asked to complete three different questionnaires in order to assess their QoL, STAI, and BDI. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences on QοL and STAI, whoever a statistically significant difference was found between groups on BDI (p <.05). No main effect was found on gender. Further, results revealed that former gymnasts, regardless of the type of sport, have better QoL, lower level of STAI and BDI compared to non-athletes. In conclusion, former gymnasts, even after years of absence from the sport, report better QoL, and have a lower level of STAI and BDI than non-athletes.
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Valencia, Mike Jhun Detaro, Jimmy Bernabe Maming, Jesalem Hermosa Medina, and Glenvee Dagohoy Macasarte. "The Making of the Champions: A Case Study of the Development of The Young Aerobic Gymnasts In Malay, Aklan." International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 2, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.02.04.06.
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The Philippines has the potential to excel in this field because an athlete's height is not a requirement compared to other sports like swimming, basketball, and the likes. This is qualitative research specifically employs a single case study to explore the narratives of the young aerobic gymnasts in the Municipality of Malay, Aklan. This study utilizes online interviews, observation, and data reviews in gathering the data while Yin's (2003) approached was utilized in the analysis of data. Themes emerged from stories of the participants like Personal Skills and Motivations of Young Aerobic Gymnasts is Foundational in Winning the Competition, Present DepEd Curriculum Lacks Content in Aerobic Gymnastics and Parents, School, Government, and Business Sector Support are Significant Factors for a Gymnast to Succeed. The output of the study is a proposed new Model of Young Aerobic Gymnastics Development.