Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gymnosperms

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Academic literature on the topic 'Gymnosperms'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Gymnosperms"

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Umair, Muhammad, Xiaofei Hu, Qi Cheng, Shahzad Ali, and Jian Ni. "Distribution Patterns of Gymnosperm Species along Elevations on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: Effects of Climatic Seasonality, Energy–Water, and Physical Tolerance Variables." Plants 12, no. 23 (December 4, 2023): 4066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12234066.

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Climate change is one of the most prominent factors influencing the spatial distribution of plants in China, including gymnosperms. Climatic factors influence gymnosperm distribution along elevational gradients on the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QTP), and understanding how species adapt to these factors is important for identifying the impacts of global climate change. For the first time, we examined the county-level distribution of gymnosperm species on QTP using data from field surveys, published works, monographs, and internet sources. We used simulated distribution data of gymnosperms (N = 79) along the elevational gradients to investigate the overall impact of environmental variables in explaining the richness pattern of gymnosperms. Eighteen environmental variables were classified into three key variable sets (climatic seasonality, energy–water, and physical tolerance). We employed principal component analysis and generalized linear models to assess the impact of climatic variables on the gymnosperm’s richness pattern. Gymnosperm species are unevenly distributed across the plateau and decline gradually from the southeast to the northwest. The altitudinal gradients have a unimodal relationship with the richness of gymnosperms, with the maximum species richness at an elevation of 3200 m. The joint effects of physical tolerance and energy–water predictors have explained the highest diversity of gymnosperms at mid-elevation. Because the richness peak correlates significantly with the wettest month’s precipitation and moisture index, this confirms the significance of moisture on gymnosperm distributions due to increased precipitation during the wet season. Furthermore, our results provide evidence that climatic seasonality factors are involved in the decline of gymnosperm richness at high elevations. A total of 37% of gymnosperm species on QTP are listed as vulnerable, nearly threatened, or endangered, with elevations ranging from 600 m to 5300 m. As a result, we conclude that gymnosperms are at high risk of extinction because of the current climate fluctuations caused by global climate change. Our research offers fundamental data for the study and protection of gymnosperm species along the steepest elevation gradients.
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Nurrahma, Aditiya, Ismanto ., and Taufikurrahman Nasution. "KEANEKARAGAMAN EPIFIT BERPEMBULUH PADA BATANG POHON INANG ANGIOSPERMAE DAN GYMNOSPERMAE DI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS." EKOLOGIA 22, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.5789.

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Epiphytes are types of plants that attach and grow on other plants to obtain sunlight, water, air, and minerals for their growth. The aim of this study are knowing the diversity of vascular epiphytes on the host trunks of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms, knowing the differences in vascular epiphytic communities on the host trunks of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and to determine factors causing vascular epiphytes communities on the host trunk is used in this research. Sampling plot is located on the host tree's trunk to facilitate the calculation of vascular epiphytes; a simple plot measuring 2 m x 0,5 m was made facing east and west. Determination of the number of tree sampling is done based on the Area Species Curve. The results of this study indicate that the vascular epiphyte diversity on trunks of Gymnospermae is higher than Angiospermae, meanwhile that Shannon Wiener diversity index of vascular epiphytes on Angiosperms and Gymnosperms host trunks being moderate category. Jaccard Similarity index was 0.44 and indicated the different of epiphytes community between Angiospermae and Gymnospermae tree host. The dominant species based on Important value index in Angiosperms are Davallia hymenophylloides (35,05%), Goniophlebium subauriculatum (20,92%), and Dendrobium mutabile (20,07) while ini Gymnosperme are Davallia hymenophylloides (41,36%), Goniophlebium subauriculatum (15,94%), and Peperomia tetraphylla (15,55%). In Angiospermae, the factors that influence the diversity of vascular epiphyte species are roughness and thickness, while in Gymnosperms the influential factors are roughness and diameter.
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Qi, Yang, Hongyan Liu, Chongyang Xu, Jingyu Dai, and Biao Han. "Dry Climate Filters Gymnosperms but Not Angiosperms through Seed Mass." Diversity 15, no. 3 (March 10, 2023): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15030401.

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In the context of climate change in recent years, the fate of woody plant seed has an important impact on forest regeneration. Seed mass is an important reproductive strategy of plants. There are huge differences between gymnosperms (mainly conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants) in terms of reproduction and hydraulic strategies; however, little is known about changes in seed mass along climate aridity gradients between taxonomical groups such as gymnosperms and angiosperms, which limit our understanding on the fate of woody plants under warming-induced climate drying. We collected seed mass data from a total of 2575 woody plant individuals, including 145 species of gymnosperms and 1487 species of angiosperms, across different climatic zones in China. We mapped the distribution pattern of gymnosperm and angiosperm seed mass in China, with angiosperms being maximal near the 400 mm iso-precipitation line. Our phylogenetic analysis results show that seed mass exhibited significant phylogenic signals (p < 0.001) and was also strongly influenced by functional traits (growth type, fruit type, and dispersal mode). The results of linear regression and hierarchical partitioning analysis showed a stronger correlation between gymnosperm seed mass and environmental factors, and a higher independent aridity index effect on gymnosperm seed mass than angiosperm seed mass. The different patterns of seed mass along a climate aridity gradient between gymnosperms and angiosperms may point to different future fates for these two taxonomic groups, while the higher sensitivity of gymnosperm seed mass to environmental conditions may reduce their reproductive rate under the background of climate warming and drying.
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Joshi, Savita, S. C. Sati, and Parikshit Kumar. "Antibacterial potential and ethnomedical relevance of Kumaun Himalayan Gymnosperms." Journal of Phytopharmacology 5, no. 5 (October 17, 2016): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2016.5505.

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Ethnomedicinal information is one of the powerful criteria for new drugs discoveries therefore; present investigation was carried out to evaluate the ethnomedicinal and antibacterial potential of traditional Kumaun Himalayan gymnosperms. Besides, an antibacterial value index and relative antibacterial activity of studied plants have been established. Forty four plant leaves extracts in different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform and hexane) of 11 gymnosperms (Araucaria cunninghamii, Biota orientalis, Cedrus deodara, Cephalotaxus griffithi, Cryptomeria japonica Cupressus torulosa, Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus communis, Picea smithiana, Pinus wallichiana and Taxus baccata) occurring in Kumaun Himalaya were screened for their antimicrobial activity against five pathogenic bacteria using disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of studied gymnospermic plant extracts against a panel of bacteria was found effective at 1000 µg/ml. The MIC and MBC values of each extract (where ZOI ≥ 15 mm) were also determined. The methanol extract of screened gymnosperms were found the most effective against all the bacteria (54% to 81%), followed by ethanol extract (45-72%), hexane extract (18-27%), while in chloroform extract it ranged 9-27% only. The extracts of G. biloba exhibited superior Relative Antibacterial Activity (RAA, 20%), followed by A. cunninghamii and P. wallichiana (12% RAA, each). The lowest RAA value was observed for C. torulosa (1%). All data were also analyzed for determination of an Antibacterial Value Index (ABVI) for each studied species of gymnosperm. G. biloba had maximum ABVI i.e. 90 % followed by A. cunninghamii and P. wallichiana (ABVI, 55% each). C. torulosa showed the least ABVI and RAA i.e. 5% and 11%, respectively. The present work fully highlighted the utility of traditionally known 11 gymnosperms of Kumaun Himalaya for their antibacterial activities against pathogenic bacteria.
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Huang, Kai-Yuan, Sheng-Long Kan, Ting-Ting Shen, Pin Gong, Yuan-Yuan Feng, Hong Du, Yun-Peng Zhao, Tao Wan, Xiao-Quan Wang, and Jin-Hua Ran. "A Comprehensive Evolutionary Study of Chloroplast RNA Editing in Gymnosperms: A Novel Type of G-to-A RNA Editing Is Common in Gymnosperms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 10844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810844.

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Although more than 9100 plant plastomes have been sequenced, RNA editing sites of the whole plastome have been experimentally verified in only approximately 21 species, which seriously hampers the comprehensive evolutionary study of chloroplast RNA editing. We investigated the evolutionary pattern of chloroplast RNA editing sites in 19 species from all 13 families of gymnosperms based on a combination of genomic and transcriptomic data. We found that the chloroplast C-to-U RNA editing sites of gymnosperms shared many common characteristics with those of other land plants, but also exhibited many unique characteristics. In contrast to that noted in angiosperms, the density of RNA editing sites in ndh genes was not the highest in the sampled gymnosperms, and both loss and gain events at editing sites occurred frequently during the evolution of gymnosperms. In addition, GC content and plastomic size were positively correlated with the number of chloroplast RNA editing sites in gymnosperms, suggesting that the increase in GC content could provide more materials for RNA editing and facilitate the evolution of RNA editing in land plants or vice versa. Interestingly, novel G-to-A RNA editing events were commonly found in all sampled gymnosperm species, and G-to-A RNA editing exhibits many different characteristics from C-to-U RNA editing in gymnosperms. This study revealed a comprehensive evolutionary scenario for chloroplast RNA editing sites in gymnosperms, and reported that a novel type of G-to-A RNA editing is prevalent in gymnosperms.
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Zhang, Ting-Ting, Yi-Kun Hou, Ting Yang, Shu-Ya Zhang, Ming Yue, Jianni Liu, and Zhonghu Li. "Evolutionary analysis of chloroplast tRNA of Gymnosperm revealed the novel structural variation and evolutionary aspect." PeerJ 8 (November 25, 2020): e10312. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10312.

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Gymnosperms such as ginkgo, conifers, cycads, and gnetophytes are vital components of land ecosystems, and they have significant economic and ecologic value, as well as important roles as forest vegetation. In this study, we investigated the structural variation and evolution of chloroplast transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in gymnosperms. Chloroplasts are important organelles in photosynthetic plants. tRNAs are key participants in translation where they act as adapter molecules between the information level of nucleic acids and functional level of proteins. The basic structures of gymnosperm chloroplast tRNAs were found to have family-specific conserved sequences. The tRNAΨ -loop was observed to contain a conforming sequence, i.e., U-U-C-N-A-N2. In gymnosperms, tRNAIle was found to encode a “CAU” anticodon, which is usually encoded by tRNAMet. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that plastid tRNAs have a common polyphyletic evolutionary pattern, i.e., rooted in abundant common ancestors. Analyses of duplication and loss events in chloroplast tRNAs showed that gymnosperm tRNAs have experienced little more gene loss than gene duplication. Transition and transversion analysis showed that the tRNAs are iso-acceptor specific and they have experienced unequal evolutionary rates. These results provide new insights into the structural variation and evolution of gymnosperm chloroplast tRNAs, which may improve our comprehensive understanding of the biological characteristics of the tRNA family.
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Lu, Y., B. Jin, L. Wang, Y. Wang, D. Wang, X. X. Jiang, and P. Chen. "Adaptation of male reproductive structures to wind pollination in gymnosperms: Cones and pollen grains." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 5 (September 2011): 897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-020.

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Lu, Y., Jin, B., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Wang, D., Jiang, X.-X. and Chen, P. 2011. Adaptation of male reproductive structures to wind pollination in gymnosperms: Cones and pollen grains. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 897–906. Wind pollination (anemophily) in gymnosperms is thought to be an ancestral state. Previous studies considered wind pollination to be a largely random phenomenon, but recent evidence suggests that wind-pollinated species have evolved different complex reproductive adaptations for controlling and maximizing the success of wind pollination. However, compared with angiosperms, wind pollination in gymnosperms is poorly understood. We investigated the male reproductive structures of 13 representative gymnosperm species using a scanning electron microscope and digital camera, and analyzed how the morphological characteristics of male cones and pollen facilitate pollination. These characteristics showed a surprising variation between different gymnosperm species in improving pollination success. For example, the relationship between the position of the male cone and the surrounding vegetative structures is adjusted to optimize pollen release. The pollen grains have sacs and papilla and exhibit particular shapes after release from microsporangia, including boat-like, saccate, papilla-like and spheroid shapes, which facilitate pollen dispersal in the air. Taken together, our results suggest that the extensive diversity of male reproductive structures within gymnosperms represents an evolutionary response to long-term selection and results in solutions to the physical restraints of anemophily.
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Burleigh, J. Gordon, W. Brad Barbazuk, John M. Davis, Alison M. Morse, and Pamela S. Soltis. "Exploring Diversification and Genome Size Evolution in Extant Gymnosperms through Phylogenetic Synthesis." Journal of Botany 2012 (January 12, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/292857.

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Gymnosperms, comprising cycads, Ginkgo, Gnetales, and conifers, represent one of the major groups of extant seed plants. Yet compared to angiosperms, little is known about the patterns of diversification and genome evolution in gymnosperms. We assembled a phylogenetic supermatrix containing over 4.5 million nucleotides from 739 gymnosperm taxa. Although 93.6% of the cells in the supermatrix are empty, the data reveal many strongly supported nodes that are generally consistent with previous phylogenetic analyses, including weak support for Gnetales sister to Pinaceae. A lineage through time plot suggests elevated rates of diversification within the last 100 million years, and there is evidence of shifts in diversification rates in several clades within cycads and conifers. A likelihood-based analysis of the evolution of genome size in 165 gymnosperms finds evidence for heterogeneous rates of genome size evolution due to an elevated rate in Pinus.
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Schmid, Rudolf, S. P. Bhatnagar, and Alok Moitra. "Gymnosperms." Taxon 47, no. 2 (May 1998): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223812.

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Veromann-Jürgenson, Linda-Liisa, Timothy J. Brodribb, Ülo Niinemets, and Tiina Tosens. "Variability in the chloroplast area lining the intercellular airspace and cell walls drives mesophyll conductance in gymnosperms." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 16 (May 11, 2020): 4958–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa231.

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Abstract The photosynthetic efficiency of plants in different environments is controlled by stomata, hydraulics, biochemistry, and mesophyll conductance (gm). Recently, gm was demonstrated to be the key limitation of photosynthesis in gymnosperms. Values of gm across gymnosperms varied over 20-fold, but this variation was poorly explained by robust structure-bound integrated traits such as leaf dry mass per area. Understanding how the component structural traits control gm is central for identifying the determinants of variability in gm across plant functional and phylogenetic groups. Here, we investigated the structural traits responsible for gm in 65 diverse gymnosperms. Although the integrated morphological traits, shape, and anatomical characteristics varied widely across species, the distinguishing features of all gymnosperms were thick mesophyll cell walls and low chloroplast area exposed to intercellular airspace (Sc/S) compared with angiosperms. Sc/S and cell wall thickness were the fundamental traits driving variations in gm across gymnosperm species. Chloroplast thickness was the strongest limitation of gm among liquid-phase components. The variation in leaf dry mass per area was not correlated with the key ultrastructural traits determining gm. Thus, given the absence of correlating integrated easy-to-measure traits, detailed knowledge of underlying component traits controlling gm across plant taxa is necessary to understand the photosynthetic limitations across ecosystems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gymnosperms"

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Kurmann, Marie Helena. "Pollen wall ultrastructure and development in selected gymnosperms /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487322984316368.

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Hall, N. A. "A taxonomic revision of some Mesozoic Ginkgoales, Czekanowskiales and related gymnosperms." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383336.

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Rendon, Paula Andrea Sucerquia. "Gimnospermas eocretáceas da Formação Crato, bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44139/tde-22082007-105023/.

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A Formação Crato, localizada na bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil, contém um dos registros fossíferos vegetais mais importantes do Cretáceo Inferior. Estes fósseis apresentam excelente estado de preservação, no geral, com pouca fragmentação, órgãos em conexão e estruturas epidérmicas e anatômicas delicadamente substituídas por óxidos de ferro. Como acontecia globalmente, as gimnospermas eram o grupo vegetal dominante na paleoflora eocretácea da Formação Crato, ocorrendo na forma de Bennettitales, Coniferales e Gnetales. As Bennettitales foram um componente aparentemente raro, estando representado pelas espécies Otozamites sp. e Zamites sp. Dentre as Coniferales, encontram-se as famílias Araucariaceae e Cheirolepidiaceae, as Araucariaceae registradas nas espécies Araucarites vulcanoi Duarte e Araucarites kunzmanni sp. nov.; as Cheirolepidiaceae, o grupo mais diverso, estão representadas pelas espécies Brachyphyllum obesum Heer, Brachyphyllum ponsi sp. nov., Brachyphyllum araripense sp. nov., Tomaxellia aff. T. biforme Archangelsky, Toxamellia aff. T. degiustoi e Pseudofrenelopsis sp. As Gnetales ocorrem na forma das espécies Limaephyton cratense gen. et sp. nov., Limaephyton duartei gen. et sp. nov. e Limaephytophyllum mohrium gen. et sp. nov. Características morfológicas, epidérmicas e anatômicas presentes nos macrofitofósseis da Formação Crato, evidenciam adaptações a um ambiente de baixa umidade. Esta flora se desenvolveu dentro da Região Equatorial, numa área intracontinental sob condições climáticas áridas e semi-áridas.
Crato Formation, located in the Araripe Basin, Northeastern Brazil, bears one of the most important Lower Cretaceous fóssil plant Record. The fossils have an excellent preservation, usually low fragmentated, with attached organs and epidermic and anatomic features delicatedly replaced by iron oxides. As it happens worldwide, gymnosperms were the dominant group in the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation paleoflora, existing as Bennettitales, Coniferales e Gnetales. Bennettitales were an apparently scarce component, represented by the species Otozamites sp. and Zamites sp. Between the Coniferales, are the families Araucariaceae and Cheirolepidiaceae, the Araucariaceae recorded by the species Araucarites vulcanoi Duarte and Araucarites kunzmanni sp. nov.; Cheirolepidiaceae, the most diverse group, is registered by species Brachyphyllum obesum Heer, Brachyphyllum ponsi sp. nov., Brachyphyllum araripense sp. nov., Tomaxellia aff. T. biforme Archangelsky, Toxamellia aff. T. degiustoi e Pseudofrenelopsis sp. As Gnetales are documented by the species Limaephyton duartei gen. et sp. nov. and Limaephytophyllum mohrium gen. et sp. nov. Morphologic, epidermic and anatomic features founded in the plant fossils from Crato Formation, evidence low moisture environment adaptations. That flora was developed in the Equatorial Region, in an intracontinental area with arid to semi-arid climatic conditions.
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Yagi, Eiki. "The distribution of the Au SINE family in angiosperms and gymnosperms and its evolutionary history." Kyoto University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157684.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第16893号
農博第1909号
新制||農||996(附属図書館)
学位論文||H24||N4654(農学部図書室)
29568
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)准教授 河原 太八, 教授 遠藤 隆, 教授 奥野 哲郎
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Fanton, Jean Carlo Mari 1983. "Novas Gimnospermas e possivel Angiosperma da Paleoflora Crato, Eocretaceo da Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287326.

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Orientadores: Fresia Soledad Ricardi-Branco, Mary Elizabeth Cerruti Bernardes-de-Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T17:15:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fanton_JeanCarloMari_M.pdf: 53708571 bytes, checksum: 10fdd91a8af8b2efda0335d5645afdef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Fitofósseis inéditos excelentemente preservados na forma de impressões/ são descritos e revelam novas espermatófitas da Paleoflora Crato, proveniente dos calcários laminados do Membro Crato, Fonnação Santana, Cretáceo Inferior, Aptiano da Bacia do Araripe, Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil. Importantes lacunas taxonômicas da paleoflora deverão ser preenchidas a partir de três novos táxons, com designações já sugeridas e que futuramente serão erigidos através de publicações: Cratopteris fertilis, uma gimnosperma basal (pteridospenna mesozóica), afim da família Caytoniaceae, ordem Caytoniales, preservada como um galho portador de folhagem composta com padrão reticulado típico e de ramificações férteis (cupuladas e sinangiadas) organicamente conectadas, fato inusitado na literatura do grupo; Araripephedra papiliofoliata, uma gimnosperma derivada, afim da família Ephedraceae, ordem Gnetales, preservada na forma de caules articulados, ramificações caulinares opostas estéreis de folhas amplas, opostas e férteis com estróbilos solitários pedunculados, abundantes raízes, além de excepcionais detalhes anatômicos externos e internos preservados. As partes vegetativas e reprodutivas compõem uma planta completa, fato inédito na literatura do grupo. Alguns desses caracteres revelam profundas semelhanças com o atual gênero Ephedra L., confirmando as afinidades efedráceas da nova espécie; Iara ipaguassu (Incertae sedis), possível gnetaleana ou ainda uma monocotiledônea alismataleana, preservada como um eixo articulado e lenhoso, com sucessivos verticilos de ramificações tubulares a cilíndricas, áfilas, delgadas e flexíveis. Tais espennatófitas distribuíam-se em habitats distintos ao redor do sistema lacustre do Membro Crato: Cratopteris fertilis foi um arbustó/ arvoreta que habitava áreas não inundáveis, compondo estratos intennediários do dossel de florestas dominadas por gimnospennas; Araripephedra papiliofoliata foi um sub-arbusto de porte muito reduzido, rasteiro, caracteristicamente xerófilo, desenvolvendo-se em moitas devido à propagação vegetativa, fortemente ancorado ao substrato poroso de áreas -secas expostas à radiação solar e vivendo sob tufos de outras gimnospennas xerófitas; Iara ipaguassu, de design sugestivamente hidrodinâmico e muito similar às atuais ervas aquáticas alismataleanas, foi possivelmente uma hidrófila que vivia submersa em ambientes aquáticos do amplo sistema lacustre, influenciados por deltas/ estuários que garantiam condições fisico-químicasnão adversas até o período de estiagem. Caracteres morfológicos e anatômicos (por exemplo, os tipicamente xeromórficos) e as implicaçõestafonômicas e paleoecológicas apartadas a partir da análise dos espécimes permitiram sugerir a grande variedade de paleohabitats existentes ao redor do paleoambiente deposicional e corroborar assim condições climáticas predominantementequentes, de altas taxas de evaporação, porém marc~damentesazonais, com ciclos úmidos a secos.
Abstract: Unknown phytofossils well-preserved as impressions-replacements are described and reveal new spermatophytes from the Early Cretaceous Crato Palaeotlora, which is preserved in the Crato Member laminated limestones, Santana Formation, Aptian, Araripe Basin, Ceará State in the northeastern of Brazil. Three new taxa are proposed: Cratopteris fertilis, Araripephedra papiliofoliata and laTa ipaguassu. These taxonomic novelties will be submitted to publication in specific joumals. Cratopteris fertilis is a basal gymnosperm (mesozoic seed fern) related to the Caytoniaceae family, Caytoniales order, preserved as a twig bearing of compound foliage with typical reticulate venation and fertile branches (bearing cupules and synangia), organically connected, that is reported for the first time in the group literature. Araripephedra papiliofoliata is a derived gymnosperm, related to the Ephedraceae family, Gnetales order, preserved as articulated stems with sterile and fertile opposite branches. The sterile ones bear large opposite leaves, and the fertile, with non-compound pedunculate strobili. The roots are dense. Furthermore, exceptional anatomic details (external and internal) are exhibited. All these parts are attached, in a whole plant. This fact is totally new in the literature. Some of these features reveal deep similarities with extant genus Ephedra L. supporting the fossil ephedracean affinity. lara ipaguassu (Incertae sedis), a possible gnetalean or an alismatalean monocot, is preserved as a wood articulated axis with successive whorls of tubular to cylindrical, flexible, thin, leatless branches. Such plants possibly inhabited distinct habitats around Crato lacustrine system. Cratopterisfertilis was probably a shrub or a small tree which inhabited non-flooded areas compounding the intermediate strata in the canopy gymnosperm forests. Araripephedra papiliofoliata was a sub-shrub, with caulinar branches erect or prostrate, typically xerophyllous, and that grew like bush formations due to the vegetative propagation. This underbrush was strongly sticked to the porous substrate in dry areas exposed to sun light, and living under the xeromorphic gymnosperms tufts. lara ipaguassu of hydrodynamic design and very similar to the extant alisma!alean aquatic herbs, might have been a hydrophyll which lived submerged in aquatic environrnents of wide lacustrine system with delta! estuarine intluence. Morphological and anatomical characters from studied specimens and their taphonomic and palaeoecological implications aIlowed to suggest a diversity of palaeohabitats around the depositional palaeoenvironment, and confirmed mostly warm climatic conditions with high evaporation rates, although pronounced seasonal with cyc1es from moisture to dry ones.
Mestrado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Mestre em Geociências
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Fagundes, Paula Braga. "Um lugar ao sol : a influência do fator histórico sobre o nicho de luz e respostas ecofisiológicas de plantas com semente da floresta ombrófila mista." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/90470.

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Em ambientes florestais, a luz é o recurso que com mais frequência limita o crescimento, a sobrevivência e a reprodução em plantas. Assim, a variação na disponibilidade de luz no sub-bosque influencia a composição local de espécies lenhosas, que se segregam em diferentes nichos de luz de acordo com suas preferências e tolerâncias, conferidas através de suas adaptações e plasticidade fenotípica. Os atributos das espécies atuais, além de serem adaptados ao ambiente onde vivem, são um legado de seus ancestrais, motivo pelo qual espécies mais próximas filogeneticamente, com frequência compartilham atributos semelhantes e, por consequência, ocupam nichos similares, padrão conhecido como conservação filogenética. Estudos recentes mostram que atributos funcionais relacionados à captação de luz teriam se diversificado através de diferentes grupos filogenéticos, conferindo a estes capacidades distintas para a conquista de novos ambientes de luz. Nosso trabalho teve como objetivo detectar a presença de padrões filogenéticos na distribuição e nas respostas ecofisiológicas de oito espécies lenhosas co-ocorrentes e de seus respectivos clados em um sub-bosque florestal, a partir da comparação do nicho de luz e do desempenho de plantas juvenis em resposta ao gradiente luminoso existente. Assim nossas hipóteses são de que 1) as espécies filogeneticamente próximas tem maior semelhança em estratégias adaptativas do que espécies filogeneticamente distantes; 2) a amplitude de nicho e 3) a plasticidade de atributos em resposta à luz aumentam em clados mais derivados. Os resultados apresentados aqui mostraram uma maior similaridade entre as espécies mais relacionadas do que entre aquelas que são filogeneticamente distantes, sugerindo conservação filogenética do nicho. Quanto à amplitude de nicho, também há uma influência filogenética, porém, contrário ao esperado, os clados mais antigos apresentaram um nicho mais amplo. Para a plasticidade dos atributos os resultados aqui apresentados mostram que não há padrões filogenéticos na plasticidade das respostas de espécies e clados estudados, sugerindo o efeito de outros fatores sobre a plasticidade das plantas, como efeitos ontogenéticos ou estresse ambiental.
In forest environments, light is the resource that most often limits the growth, survival and reproduction in plants. Thus, the variation in light availability, regarded as one of the most important resources for woody plants in the understory, results in differences in species composition, which segregate in different light niches according to their preferences and tolerances, conferred by their adaptations and phenotypic plasticity. Extant plant traits are not only adapted to the present environment, they are also a legacy from their ancestors and, for that reason, phylogenetically related species often share similar attributes and consequently occupy similar niches, pattern known as phylogenetic conservatism. Recent studies show that functional traits related to the capture of this resource have diversified across different phylogenetic groups, giving them distinct abilities to occupy new light environments. The present study aimed to detect the presence of phylogenetic patterns in species distribution along a light gradient and in ecophysiological responses of eight co-occurring woody species and their respective clades in a forest understory. This was accomplished by comparing the light niche of juvenile plants in response to the existing light gradient, as well as their physiological plasticity in response to understory light variations. We hypothesized that (1) phylogenetic related species have greater similarity of adaptive strategies, and consequently of their niche, than more distantly related ones; and that (2) the niche breadth is wider and (3) traits plasticity is greater in more recent than in more basal clades. The results presented here showed that there is a greater niche similarity between closely related species than between those that are phylogenetically distant, suggesting niche conservatism. Regarding to niche amplitude, there is also a phylogenetic influence but, contrary to our expectations, the older clades showed a greater niche breadth. For plasticity of selected plant traits, results showed no phylogenetic pattern for the studied species and clades, suggesting that other factors act on the phenotypic plasticity of plants, such as ontogenetic effects and/or environmental stress.
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Sheth, Mili. "Discovery and characterization of KNOX proteins lacking a homeodomain, produced by alternative splicing of KNAT1-like genes in gymnosperms and angiosperms." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31639.

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Bonet, Amandine. "Réponses de plusieurs espèces de mélèzes et du sapin de Douglas aux éléments traces : Étude de mécanismes de tolérance et des capacités d'accumulation." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0018/document.

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Face à la toxicité des éléments traces métalliques (ET) dans l’environnement, les plantes ont développé différentes stratégies aujourd’hui exploitées en phytoremédiation. Les arbres paraissent plus efficaces que les herbacées pour la phytoextraction de par leur importante biomasse et leur système racinaire plus profond. Ces travaux ont donc été menés sur des espèces ligneuses largement répandues dans la région Limousin, plus particulièrement des conifères: le Douglas, le mélèze hybride et ses deux parents, le mélèze d’Europe et le mélèze du Japon. Plusieurs modèles de culture ont été utilisés pour permettre, par des approches complémentaires, une meilleure appréhension des réponses de ces conifères aux ET : des plantules cultivées in vitro et des germinations ou des arbres âgés de 2 ans cultivés sous serre. Les conifères ont été exposés soit à un seul ET, le Cadmium (Cd), soit à plusieurs ET (As, Pb, Sb) présents dans des sols collectés sur deux anciens sites miniers. Les résultats ont montré que, parmi les espèces étudiées, le Douglas présentait le taux d’accumulation le plus élevé en Cd. Cependant, la quantité stockée dans la biomasse aérienne est restée faible par rapport à d’autres espèces d’arbres déjà utilisées en phytoextraction. Par ailleurs, la caractérisation chimique des pectines de la paroi a mis en évidence des modifications quantitatives et qualitatives suggérant un processus d’exclusion du Cd. Au niveau intracellulaire, les résultats ont montré que les polyamines et les oligopeptides riches en thiols ne semblaient pas impliqués dans la compartimentation du Cd. En revanche, une accumulation de proline a été observée en réponse au Cd et à d’autres ET, suggérant une implication de la proline comme molécule antioxydante et / ou chélatrice d’ET. L’ensemble des résultats a mis en évidence la nécessité d’optimiser la croissance des conifères et la phytodisponibilité des ET du sol avant de pouvoir proposer ces conifères, et notamment le Douglas, pour la phytoextraction d’ET
Given the toxicity of trace elements (TE) in the environment, plants developed varions strategies used currently for phytoremediation. Trees appear more efficient than herbaceous species for phytoextraction as they have a larger biomass and a deeper root system. The work was thus performed on woody species widespread in Limousin region, particularly conifers: Douglas fir, hybrid larch and its two parents, European larch and Japanese larch. Several culture models were used to allow, through complementary approaches, a better understanding of the response of these conifers to TE: in vitro grown plantlets and seedlings or 2-year-old trees grown in greenhouse. Conifers were exposed to a single TE, cadmium (Cd), or to several TE (As, Pb, Sb) present in soils collected from two former mining sites. Among investigated species, results showed that Douglas exhibited the highest rate of Cd accumulation. However, the amount stored in aboveground biomass remained low compared to other tree species already used in phytoextraction. Furthermore, the chemical characterization of cell wall pectins highlighted quantitative and qualitative modifications suggesting a Cd exclusion process. At the intracellular level, results showed that polyamines and thiol-rich oligopeptides did not appear to be involved in Cd compartmentation. However, a proline accumulation was observed in response to Cd and other TE, suggesting an involvement of proline as antioxidant molecule and / or TE scavenger. Overall, results highlighted the need to optimize conifer growth and soil TE phytoavailability before to propose these conifers, particularly Douglas, for the phytoextraction of TE
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Nohra, Youssef A. "Résines végétales actuelles et fossiles : origine, caractérisation chimique et évolution." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S165.

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Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la caractérisation chimique des ambres provenant de plusieurs gisements d’âges et d’origines géographiques variés, dont certains sont inédits. Des protocoles identiques à tous les échantillons et combinant les analyses spectroscopiques (IR et RMN 13C) et chromatographiques (THM-CPG-SM) ont été appliqués, permettant d’identifier l’origine botanique des ambres et fournissant des indices pour la reconstitution des paléoenvironnements terrestres. La caractérisation chimique des gisements d’ambre du Jurassique supérieur (Kimméridgien) jusqu’au Crétacé supérieur (Santonien) du Liban, de Jordanie, du Congo, d’Equateur et de France, permet de proposer des biomarqueurs pour les résines de Cheirolepidiaceae, une famille exclusivement mésozoïque de Conifères. Une évolution des sources botaniques des résines produites durant le Mésozoïque et le Cénozoïque est alors discutée. Une production dominée par les familles de Conifères Araucariaceae et Cheirolepidiaceae est remarquée au Jurassique supérieur et Crétacé inférieur. La production au Crétacé supérieur est plutôt dominée par des Cupressaceae. Au Cénozoïque, les origines botaniques des ambres sont plus variées, et des familles d’Angiospermes sont à l’origine de nombreux gisements, dont l’ambre du Pérou produit par une Fabaceae. La production par des Conifères reste toutefois importante au Tertiaire, à l’exemple des ambres de Nouvelle-Zélande qui ont pour origine les Araucariaceae. Les données obtenues ont permis une ré-évaluation de la classification des ambres par Py-GC-MS. Ainsi, une nouvelle molécule dont la structure est inconnue encore, a été identifiée dans les chromatogrammes d’ambres de classe Ib et Ic, ajoutant un caractère discriminant entre ces deux sous-classes. Enfin, la relation âge / maturation des résines fossiles est discutée, qui dépend avant tout des conditions d’enfouissement des résines. Une large base de données moléculaires est ainsi établie pour un grand nombre de gisements d’âges et d’origines botaniques variés, qui permettra une comparaison globale dans les travaux futurs
This work focuses on the chemical characterisation of amber from different outcrops from different localities, and varied ages. Some of these outcrops had never been studied. All the amber samples were analysed with the same analytical techniques. The combination of the data obtained from spectroscopic (IR and 13C NMR) and chromatographic (THM-GC-MS) analysis allows the identification of the botanical origin of the amber and provide some information, for the reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment. Biomarkers for the cheirolepidiaceous resins were proposed based on the chemical characterisation of different amber outcrops dating from the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) to the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian) from Lebanon, Jordan, Congo, Ecuador and France. The Cheirolepidiaceae familt was exclusively present in the Mesozoic era. Hence, the evolution of the botanical origins of the produced resins during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras was discussed. It seems that Araucariaceae and Cheirolepidiaceae were the dominant resin producing trees during the Upper Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous. While, cupressaceous resiniferous plants were dominant during the Upper Cretaceous. Howerver, resins dating from the Cenozoic era, were produced by a wider variety of plants, as resiniferous families of Angiosperm intensively participated in the resin production, i.e. the Peruvian amber produced by Fabaceae. Conifer resins traces were also detected in the Tertiary, such as the amber from the Araucariaceae found in New Zealand. The obtained data allowed a re-evaluation of the classification of ambers by Py-GC-MS, leading to the discovery of a novel molecule. This molecule of an unknown structure brings a new discrimination factor between the classes Ib and Ic. Finally, the age / maturity relationship is showed to be dependent on the burial and the conservation conditions of the resins. A broad molecular database is established based a large group of amber outcrops from different ages, and having diverse botanical origins. This database could be used as a comparative platform for further work in the future
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Everett, Richard Gobin. "A biosystematic survey of Sierra Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. murrayana [Critchfield]) populations in the transverse and peninsular ranges of Southern California." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/30.

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Books on the topic "Gymnosperms"

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Biswas, Chhaya, and B. M. Johri. The Gymnosperms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13164-0.

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Biswas, Chhaya. The gymnosperms. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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M, Johri B., ed. The gymnosperms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1997.

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Kramer, Karl Ulrich, and P. S. Green, eds. Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02604-5.

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1928-, Kramer Karl Ulrich, Green P. S, and Götz Erich Dozent Dr, eds. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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Timell, T. E. Compression wood in gymnosperms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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Timell, T. E. Compression Wood in Gymnosperms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61616-7.

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B, Beck Charles, ed. Origin and evolution of gymnosperms. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

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M, Anderson Heidi, and Cleal Christopher J. 1951-, eds. Brief history of the gymnosperms: Classification, biodiversity, phytogeography and ecology. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute, 2007.

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A, Cope Edward. Pinophyta (Gymnosperms) of New York State. Albany, N.Y: New York State Museum, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gymnosperms"

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Stevenson, Dennis Wm. "Gymnosperms." In Annual Plant Reviews Volume 45, 141–61. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118305881.ch5.

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Evert, Ray F., and Susan E. Eichhorn. "Gymnosperms." In Raven Biology of Plants, 430–56. New York: Macmillan Learning, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-319-15626-8_19.

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Dehgan, Bijan. "Gymnosperms." In Garden Plants Taxonomy, 57–171. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11561-5_3.

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Owfi, Reza E. "Spermatophytes: Gymnosperms." In Natural Products and Botanical Medicines of Iran, 199–208. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020. | Series: Natural products chemistry of global plants: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003008996-6.

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Rohr, R. "Haploids (Gymnosperms)." In Cell and Tissue Culture in Forestry, 230–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4484-8_12.

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Biswas, Chhaya, and B. M. Johri. "Introduction." In The Gymnosperms, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13164-0_1.

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Biswas, Chhaya, and B. M. Johri. "Glossopteridales." In The Gymnosperms, 86–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13164-0_10.

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Biswas, Chhaya, and B. M. Johri. "Pentoxylales." In The Gymnosperms, 94–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13164-0_11.

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Biswas, Chhaya, and B. M. Johri. "Ginkgoales." In The Gymnosperms, 98–126. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13164-0_12.

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Biswas, Chhaya, and B. M. Johri. "Cordaitales." In The Gymnosperms, 127–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13164-0_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gymnosperms"

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"G.R.E.E.N. - An Expert System to identify Gymnosperms." In 6th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002642702160221.

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Iakovlev, Alexey, Anastasia Durova, Sergey Kascheev, Aleksandr Grishkanich, Andrey Mak, and Julia Ruzankina. "Increasing the quality and germination gymnosperms by photonics methods." In SPIE BiOS, edited by E. Duco Jansen and Hope T. Beier. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2253411.

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Labandeira, Conrad C. "GYMNOSPERMS, ANGIOSPERMS AND INSECT POLLINATORS TRANSITING THE ALBIAN-APTIAN GAP." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-317578.

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Huang, Yu-Yuan, Yan-Hua Han, Li-Jun Wei, and Jia-Zhuo Wang. "Comparative Studies of Tracheary Element Structure of Some Gymnosperms with Angiosperms." In CYCAD 2011. The New York Botanical Garden Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21135/893275389.002.

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Kadyrova, L. R., and N. B. Prokhorenko. "P.N. Krylov's collection in Kazan Universities Herbarium." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-15.

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The article describes the herbarium collection by P.N. Krylov for the period from 1876 to 1884. This collection includes plants from the former Perm, Vyatka and Kazan provinces territory and localized in the herbarium of Kazan Federal University KAZ. The collection contains 3689 herbarium leaves and totals 925 species of vascular plants (6 species of plauniform, 7 species of horsetail, 24 species of fern-shaped, 3 species of gymnosperms and 885 species of angiosperms). There are species among them with conservation status. Now we are working to create an electronic database based on this and other collections of KAZ herbarium.
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Sheldon, Nathan D., and Selena Y. Smith. "EVOLUTIONARY ISOTOPE ECOLOGY OF MODERN GYMNOSPERMS WITH EXTENSIVE FOSSIL RECORDS CONSTRAINS PALEOCLIMATIC AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-308046.

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Frolov, А. О., and I. V. Enushchenko. "The first discovery leaves of angiosperms in the Middle Jurassic deposits in Eastern Siberia." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-42.

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There is fossil of linear whole-marginal leaves with parallel venation in the Middle Jurassic (Aalenian) sediments of the Irkutsk Coal Basin, were found. During the study of cuticle preparations it was found that leaves were steam-bearing, has anastomoses between veins, anomocytic stomata and the diamond-shaped main cells of the epidermis. Such a combination of characters is widespread in modern monocotyledonous and is absent among fossil as well as modern sporeals and gymnosperms plants. We have every reason to believe that we have found unique structures of leaves characteristic of monocotyledons. This find is the oldest among the herbaceous angiosperms of the Jurassic period, such as Yuraherba and Yukhaniya, and the first found in Siberia.
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Breygina, M. A., N. M. Maksimov, A. O. Podolyan, and E. S. Klimenko. "The regulatory module "ROS-ion transport" in controlling the growth of pollen tubes of gymnosperms and angiosperms." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-83.

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Zavialova, N., and N. Nosova. "UNUSUAL IN SITU FINDS OF GYMNOSPERM POLLEN." In Актуальные проблемы современной палинологии. Москва: Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Издательство ГЕОС", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54896/9785891188532_2022_29.

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ПЛОТНИКОВА, К. А. "СОСТАВ И СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЕЙ ОТДЕЛА PINOPHYTA (GYMNOSPERMAE) В СИСТЕМЕ ОЗЕЛЕНЕНИЯ Г. ВОРОНЕЖ." In Теоретические и прикладные проблемы ландшафтной географии. VII Мильковские чтения. Voronezh State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/978-5-9273-3693-7-2023-66-68.

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В статье приведены сведения о результатах исследования видового разнообразия голосеменных растений, используемых в озеленении городских территорий на примере г. Воронежа. Также оценено экологическое состояние представителей данного отдела на выборочных посадках Pinus sylvestris. Даны рекомендации по повышению качества состояния сосновых насаждений.
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