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Journal articles on the topic 'Gyral index'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Takayanagi, Yoichiro, Daiki Sasabayashi, Tsutomu Takahashi, et al. "Altered brain gyrification in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia." Psychological Medicine 49, no. 4 (2018): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718001228.

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AbstractBackgroundPatients with the deficit form of schizophrenia (D-SZ) are characterized by severe primary negative symptoms and differ from patients with the non-deficit form of schizophrenia (ND-SZ) in several aspects. No study has measured brain gyrification, which is a potential marker of neurodevelopment, in D-SZ and ND-SZ.MethodsWe obtained magnetic resonance scans from 135 schizophrenia patients and 50 healthy controls. The proxy scale for deficit syndrome (PDS) was used for the classification of D-SZ and ND-SZ. The local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was measured usin

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Toma, Adrian Ioan, Vlad Dima, Lidia Rusu, et al. "Cerebral Ultrasound at Term-Equivalent Age: Correlations with Neuro-Motor Outcomes at 12–24 Months Corrected Age." Children 12, no. 1 (2024): 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12010030.

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Background/Objectives: Our research aimed to assess if correlations could be found between items evaluated at the cerebral ultrasound performed at term-equivalent age (TEA) and neuro-motor outcomes evaluated at 12 and 24 months of corrected age in a group of preterm infants. Methods: The following were assessed: the Levine Index, the diagonals of the lateral ventricles, the size of the ventricular midbody, the sinocortical distance, the width of the basal ganglia, the cortical depth at the level of the cingular sulcus and the maturation of the gyral folding. The neurologic evaluation was perfo

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Wong, Michael, Peter Fenwick, George Fenton, John Lumsden, Michael Maisey, and John Stevens. "Repetitive and Non-Repetitive Violent Offending Behaviour in Male Patients in a Maximum Security Mental Hospital – Clinical and Neuroimaging Findings." Medicine, Science and the Law 37, no. 2 (1997): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249703700211.

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Objective: To examine if different violent offending behaviours are associated with different clinical and neuroimaging profiles. Method: Thirty-nine schizophrenic and schizoaffective offenders from a maximum security mental hospital – 20 repetitive violent offenders (RVOs) and 19 non-repetitive violent offenders (NRVOs) – were selected for clinical and neuroimaging assessments. Results: Both groups had positive family history of mental illness and violence. Age, diagnosis, duration of illness, victim profiles and use of weapons at the time of the index offence were similar. RVOs had a higher

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Ferreira Alves, César Augusto Pinheiro, Luisa Norbert Simonsen, Jonathan Rodrigues, et al. "PEX6: An Imaging Overlap Between Peroxisomal and Lysosomal Storage Diseases." Journal of Human and Clinical Genetics 2, no. 2 (2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2690-0009/2020/2.1116.

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Peroxisomal disorders are a group of expanding genetic diseases divided into two major categories: peroxisome biogenesis defects (Zellweger spectrum disorder), and single enzymatic defects. Disorders of Peroxisome Biogenesis occur when there are biallelic pathogenic variants in any of the 13 PEX genes, which code for the peroxins, proteins required for peroxisome biogenesis. This group of disorders includes two distinct phenotypes: Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata Type-1 and Zellweger Spectrum Disorders (ZSD), of which Zellweger syndrome is the most severe, neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy is

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Lu, Chia-Feng, Yu-Te Wu, Shin Teng, et al. "Genetic Predisposition and Disease Expression of Bipolar Disorder Reflected in Shape Changes of the Anterior Limbic Network." Brain Sciences 9, no. 9 (2019): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9090240.

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Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically and phenotypically complex psychiatric disease. Although previous studies have suggested that the relatives of BD patients have an increased risk of experiencing affective disturbances, most relatives who have similar genotypes may not manifest the disorder. We aim to identify the neuroimaging alterations—specifically, the cortical folding structures of the anterior limbic network (ALN)—in BD patients and their siblings, compared to healthy controls. The shared alterations in patients and their siblings may indicate the hereditary predisposition of BD, an

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Zhao, Jing, Qianqian Kong, Xirui Zhou, et al. "Differences in Gray Matter Volume in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Patients with and without Sleep Disturbance." Brain Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020294.

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Recently, there has been increased interest in the relationship between cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and circadian rhythm disruption, particularly sleep disturbance. However, the neural mechanism of sleep disturbance in CSVD patients remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to explore the gray matter alterations in CSVD patients with and without sleep disturbance. 59 patients with CSVD and 40 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for the present study. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. CSVD patients were categorized

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Ramsey, Matthew, Shashwat Tripathi, Mohit Saxena, and Matthew Tate. "CNTM-05. Left hemisphere gliomas induce a plastic bi-hemispheric language network further characterized by lobe specific glioma data." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (2021): vi225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.903.

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Abstract Primary brain tumors are among the most burdensome diagnoses patients can receive as they often carry with them externally obvious and significant detriments to motor and speech. The stroke model is severely limited by the inherent nature of the insult to the brain: binary, relatively instantaneous and defined by vascular boundaries. We instead have chosen to study glioma-induced neuroplasticity in patients with gliomas as presentation is over a significantly longer time course with a gradient of insult to language activation areas instead of immediate ablation. Chart review was condu

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Feng, Yao, Huading Shi, Yang Fei, Quansheng Zhao, and Zhaojun Li. "Insight into the Effects of Norfloxacin on Bacterial Community and Antibiotic Resistance Genes during Chicken Manure Composting." Fermentation 10, no. 7 (2024): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10070366.

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Composting emerges as an effective strategy to eliminate antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in animal manure. In this study, chicken manure with the addition of wheat straw and sawdust was used as composting raw materials, and different concentrations of norfloxacin were added to investigate its effects on physicochemical properties, bacterial community, and ARGs during the composting process. Results show that the presence of norfloxacin has obvious effects on the composting physicochemical properties and germination index (GI). A high concentration of norfloxacin influences t

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Demczuk, W., S. Sidhu, M. Unemo, et al. "Neisseria gonorrhoeae Sequence Typing for Antimicrobial Resistance, a Novel Antimicrobial Resistance Multilocus Typing Scheme for Tracking Global Dissemination of N. gonorrhoeae Strains." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 5 (2017): 1454–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00100-17.

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ABSTRACTA curated Web-based user-friendly sequence typing tool based on antimicrobial resistance determinants inNeisseria gonorrhoeaewas developed and is publicly accessible (https://ngstar.canada.ca). TheN. gonorrhoeaeSequence Typing for Antimicrobial Resistance (NG-STAR) molecular typing scheme uses the DNA sequences of 7 genes (penA,mtrR,porB,ponA,gyrA,parC, and 23S rRNA) associated with resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials, macrolides, or fluoroquinolones. NG-STAR uses the entirepenAsequence, combining the historical nomenclature forpenAtypes I to XXXVIII with novel nucleotide sequence de

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Tshibangu-Kabamba, Evariste, Patrick de Jesus Ngoma-Kisoko, Vo Phuoc Tuan, et al. "Next-Generation Sequencing of the Whole Bacterial Genome for Tracking Molecular Insight into the Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Resistance of Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates from the Democratic Republic of Congo." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (2020): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060887.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is increasingly needed to guide the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment but remains laborious and unavailable in most African countries. To assess the clinical relevance of bacterial whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based methods for predicting drug susceptibility in African H. pylori, 102 strains isolated from the Democratic Republic of Congo were subjected to the phenotypic AST and next-generation sequencing (NGS). WGS was used to screen for the occurrence of genotypes encoding antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We noted the broad-spectrum AMR of H.

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Ferreira, Carolina, Sofia Santos Costa, Maria Serrano, et al. "Clonal Lineages, Antimicrobial Resistance, and PVL Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus Associated to Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections from Ambulatory Patients in Portugal." Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (2021): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040345.

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a leading cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) in the community. In this study, we characterized a collection of 34 S. aureus from SSTIs in ambulatory patients in Portugal and analyzed the presence of Panton–Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-encoding genes and antibiotic-resistance profile, which was correlated with genetic determinants, plasmid carriage, and clonal lineage. Nearly half of the isolates (15, 44.1%) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and/or multidrug resistant (MDR). We also detected resistance to penicillin (33/34,

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Vázquez-Sánchez, Daniel Antonio, Sara Grillo, Anna Carrera-Salinas, et al. "Molecular Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Clinical Features of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections over 30 Years in Barcelona, Spain (1990–2019)." Microorganisms 10, no. 12 (2022): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122401.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (MRSA-BSI) are a significant cause of mortality. We analysed the evolution of the molecular and clinical epidemiology of MRSA-BSI (n = 784) in adult patients (Barcelona, 1990–2019). Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and genotyped (PFGE), and a selection was sequenced (WGS) to characterise the pangenome and mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance. Increases in patient age (60 to 71 years), comorbidities (Charlson’s index > 2, 10% to 94%), community-onset healthcare-associated acquisition (9% to 60%)

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Tang, Hung-Jen, Yi-Tsung Lin, Chi-Chung Chen, et al. "Molecular characteristics and in vitro effects of antimicrobial combinations on planktonic and biofilm forms of Elizabethkingia anophelis." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, no. 5 (2021): 1205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab018.

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Abstract Objectives To investigate the in vitro activity of antibiotics against clinical Elizabethkingia anophelis isolates and to find a suitable antibiotic combination with synergistic effects to combat antibiotic-resistant E. anophelis and its associated biofilm. Methods E. anophelis isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing; 30 strains with different pulsotypes were identified and the MIC, antibiotic resistance mechanism, antibiotic combination activity and killing effects of antimicrobial agents on biofilms of these strains were determined. Results All E. anophelis isolates were sus

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Abioye, Oluwatayo E., Nolonwabo Nontongana, Charles A. Osunla, and Anthony I. Okoh. "Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes profiling of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus isolates from some seafood collected at the aquatic environment and wet markets in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (2023): e0290356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290356.

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The current study determines the density of Vibrio spp. and isolates V. cholerae and Vibrio mimicus from fish-anatomical-sites, prawn, crab and mussel samples recovered from fish markets, freshwater and brackish water. Virulence and antibiotic resistance profiling of isolates were carried out using standard molecular and microbiology techniques. Vibrio spp. was detected in more than 90% of samples [134/144] and its density was significantly more in fish than in other samples. Vibrio. cholerae and V. mimicus were isolated in at least one sample of each sample type with higher isolation frequenc

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Kavai, Susan M., Winnie C. Mutai, Cecilia Mbae, et al. "Genomic insights into the role of Salmonella Typhi carriers in antimicrobial resistance and typhoid transmission in Urban Kenya." PLOS One 20, no. 5 (2025): e0321879. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321879.

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Typhoid fever cases and carriers can transmit Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) through fecal shedding. It remains unclear whether the S. Typhi shedding by carriers exhibits similar phenotypic and genotypic characteristics to those from acute cases. We investigated multidrug resistance in S. Typhi from individuals residing in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. We recruited participants ≤ 65 years from six health facilities and tested for typhoid infection through blood and stool cultures. The S. Typhi culture-positive cases were treated and followed up after treatment, wh

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Dombroski, Brynn, Andrew Switala, Ayman El-Baz, and Manuel Casanova. "Gyral window mapping of typical cortical folding using MRI." Translational Neuroscience 2, no. 2 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13380-011-0018-1.

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AbstractUsing the NIH Pediatric MRI Data Repository for normative developmental studies, white matter depth within the gyri of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and of the left and right hemisphere was identified for 312 typically developing children and young adults (168 male and 144 female) between 4 and 23 years of age. There was no significant age difference between male and female groups overall (F 1,867 = 0.0002; p = 0.99) or per-visit (F 2,867 = 2.18; p = 0.86). There was significant dependence of gyral window upon age (F 1,6544 = 115, p < 0.0001), lobe (F 3,6544

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WILLIAMS, Emily L., and Manuel F. CASANOVA. "HYPERLEXIA AND DYSLEXIA IN AUTISM: HITTING A MOVING TARGET." August 16, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10215-011-0024-4.

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Lin, Qingchun, Suhui Jin, Guole Yin, et al. "Cortical Morphological Networks Differ Between Gyri and Sulci." Neuroscience Bulletin, July 23, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12264-024-01262-7.

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AbstractThis study explored how the human cortical folding pattern composed of convex gyri and concave sulci affected single-subject morphological brain networks, which are becoming an important method for studying the human brain connectome. We found that gyri-gyri networks exhibited higher morphological similarity, lower small-world parameters, and lower long-term test-retest reliability than sulci-sulci networks for cortical thickness- and gyrification index-based networks, while opposite patterns were observed for fractal dimension-based networks. Further behavioral association analysis re

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Lin, Chien-Ho (Janice), Hsueh-Wen Hsueh, Ming-Chang Chiang, Sung-Tsang Hsieh, and Chi-Chao Chao. "Cortical reorganization in neuropathic pain due to peripheral nerve degeneration: altered cortical surface morphometry and hierarchical topography." Pain, February 18, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003557.

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Abstract Degeneration of peripheral nerves causes neuropathic pain. Previous studies have documented structural and functional brain alterations in peripheral neuropathy, which may be attributed to maladaptive plasticity following chronic neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, the effects of peripheral neuropathic pain on the macroscale organization of the cerebral cortex have not been explored. This study investigated altered surface morphology and topographic hierarchy of the cerebral cortex in patients with neuropathic pain due to peripheral neuropathy. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data

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Niaz, Mohammad Rakeen, Abdur Raquib Ridwan, Yingjuan Wu, Shengwei Zhang, David A. A. Bennett, and Konstantinos Arfanakis. "Interoperability of the MIITRA atlas with complementary atlases: development of a comprehensive array of gray matter labels." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S10 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.081601.

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AbstractBackgroundIn order to enhance the functionality of the MIITRA atlas and its interoperability with complementary atlases, a comprehensive set of gyral‐based, cytoarchitecture‐based, and functional connectivity‐based gray matter labels were constructed in MIITRA space.MethodT1w images from the 400 older‐adults included in the construction of MIITRA atlas were nonlinearly registered using ANTs SyN to the MNI152 6thgen,MNI Colin, and the ICBM2009c templates, and volumetric labels from Harvard‐Oxford,Julich,AAL3,Buckner,CoBrALab,Hammersmith and Princeton Visual atlases were warped to the sp

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Niaz, Mohammad Rakeen, Abdur Raquib Ridwan, Yingjuan Wu, Shengwei Zhang, David A. A. Bennett, and Konstantinos Arfanakis. "Interoperability of the MIITRA atlas with complementary atlases: development of a comprehensive array of gray matter labels." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S16 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.072818.

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AbstractBackgroundIn order to enhance the functionality of the MIITRA atlas and its interoperability with complementary atlases, a comprehensive set of gyral‐based, cytoarchitecture‐based, and functional connectivity‐based gray matter labels were constructed in MIITRA space.MethodT1w images from the 400 older‐adults included in the construction of MIITRA atlas were nonlinearly registered using ANTs SyN to the MNI152 6thgen,MNI Colin, and the ICBM2009c templates, and volumetric labels from Harvard‐Oxford,Julich,AAL3,Buckner,CoBrALab,Hammersmith and Princeton Visual atlases were warped to the sp

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Chavoshnejad, Poorya, Liam Vallejo, Songyao Zhang, et al. "Mechanical hierarchy in the formation and modulation of cortical folding patterns." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40086-9.

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AbstractThe important mechanical parameters and their hierarchy in the growth and folding of the human brain have not been thoroughly understood. In this study, we developed a multiscale mechanical model to investigate how the interplay between initial geometrical undulations, differential tangential growth in the cortical plate, and axonal connectivity form and regulate the folding patterns of the human brain in a hierarchical order. To do so, different growth scenarios with bilayer spherical models that features initial undulations on the cortex and uniform or heterogeneous distribution of a

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Zhang, Na, Jianfen Zhang, Songming Du, and Guansheng Ma. "Dehydration and rehydration affect brain regional density and homogeneity among young male adults, determined via magnetic resonance imaging: A pilot self-control trial." Frontiers in Nutrition 9 (September 23, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.906088.

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The effects of dehydration and rehydration on brain regional density and homogeneity are unknown and have been infrequently studied. In this pilot self-control study, twelve participants aged 18-25 years were recruited and the brain was scanned using magnetic resonance imaging for three tests under different hydration statuses. In three tests, urine osmolality was determined to assess hydration status. Test 1 was conducted after 12 h of overnight fasting. Test 2 was conducted in a dehydration state induced by 36 h of water deprivation. Test 3 was conducted in a rehydration state, which was ind

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Simoes, Camila, Martín Graña, Soledad Rodriguez, et al. "Novel frameshift mutation in LIS1 gene is a probable cause of lissencephaly: a case report." BMC Pediatrics 22, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03595-6.

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Abstract Background Lissencephaly (LIS) is a cortical malformation, characterized by smooth or nearly smooth cerebral surface and a shortage of gyral and sulcal development, which is caused by deficient neuronal migration during embryogenesis. Neuronal migration involves many gene products, among which is the product of the PAFAH1B1 gene, associated with this disease. LIS is a rare disease, characterized by low population frequency, and with non-specific clinical symptoms such as early epilepsy, developmental delay or cerebral palsy-like motor problems. Given that high-throughput sequencing te

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Liu, Joan, Lawrence Binding, Isha Puntambekar, et al. "Microangiopathy in temporal lobe epilepsy with diffusion MRI alterations and cognitive decline." Acta Neuropathologica 148, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-024-02809-8.

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AbstractWhite matter microvascular alterations in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) may be relevant to acquired neurodegenerative processes and cognitive impairments associated with this condition. We quantified microvascular changes, myelin, axonal, glial and extracellular-matrix labelling in the gyral core and deep temporal lobe white matter regions in surgical resections from 44 TLE patients with or without hippocampal sclerosis. We compared this pathology data with in vivo pre-operative MRI diffusion measurements in co-registered regions and neuropsychological measures of cognitive impairment a

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Vallejo‐Azar, Mariana N., Bautista Arenaza, Bautista Elizalde Acevedo, et al. "Hemispheric asymmetries in cortical grey matter of gyri and sulci in modern human populations from South America." Journal of Anatomy, January 6, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.14001.

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AbstractStructural asymmetries of brain regions associated with lateralised functions have been extensively studied. However, there are fewer morphometric analyses of asymmetries of the gyri and sulci of the entire cortex. The current study assessed cortical asymmetries in a sample of healthy adults (N = 175) from an admixed population from South America. Grey matter volume and surface area of 66 gyri and sulci were quantified on T1 magnetic resonance images. The departure from zero of the differences between left and right hemispheres (L‐R), a measure of directional asymmetry (DA), the varian

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Adwan, G., and G. Omar. "Phenotypic and molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Palestine." Brazilian Journal of Biology 82 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.239868.

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Abstract Fluoroquinolones are important antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Pseudomonas infections. A total of 11 isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from different clinical samples from different medical centers in the North West Bank-Palestine during 2017. In this study, resistance to fluoroquinolones and secretions of β-lactamases were detected by phenotypic methods, while presence of β-lactamase gene sequences and other virulence factors were detected by PCR technique. PCR product for gyrA, parC and parE genes were sequenced for further analyses. The phylogenetic analyses, popul

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Sharifi, Saeed, Bita Bakhshi, and Shahin Najar-peerayeh. "Significant contribution of the CmeABC Efflux pump in high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli clinical isolates." Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 20, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12941-021-00439-6.

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Abstract Background Campylobacter resistance to antimicrobial agents is regarded as a major concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the CmeABC efflux pump and the RAPD-PCR pattern in drug-resistant Campylobacter isolates. Methods A total of 283 stool specimens were collected from children under the age of five with diarrhea. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was determined by broth microdilution method and E-test, respectively. Detection of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin determinants was done by amplification of t

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Zhu, Feng, JICHUN WANG, Yulin Jia, et al. "Bacillus subtilis GB519 Promotes Rice Growth and Reduces the Damages Caused by Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae." PhytoFrontiers™, May 17, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phytofr-12-20-0041-r.

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Rice blast disease caused by fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae) is one of the most damaged diseases of rice reducing plant production worldwide. In the present study, Bacillus subtilis strain GB519 was identified from the rhizosphere based on predicted signatures of 16S rDNA and gyrA gene and morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics. Treated with B. subtilis GB519, rice plant exhibited increased germination rate, vigor index, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight coupled with more production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), organic (Porg) and inor

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Rasper-Hössinger, Melina, Michael Biggel, Roger Stephan, Frauke Seehusen, and Simone Scherrer. "Strain diversity in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-positive bovine fecal samples collected in Switzerland." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 10 (April 26, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1154516.

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Paratuberculosis or Johne’s disease is a chronic intestinal disease in domestic and wild ruminants. It affects global dairy economy and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The objective of this study was to analyze strain diversity in MAP-positive fecal samples by using a particular single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distinguishing between cattle (C-) and sheep (S-) type MAP and analysis of SNPs within gyrA and gyrB genes differentiating between Types I, II, and III. Moreover, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit and variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR)

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Welekidan, Letemichael Negash, Solomon Abebe Yimer, Eystein Skjerve, et al. "Whole Genome Sequencing of Drug Resistant and Drug Susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates From Tigray Region, Ethiopia." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (December 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.743198.

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Background: Tuberculosis, mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an ancient human disease that gravely affects millions of people annually. We wanted to explore the genetic diversity and lineage-specific association of Mtb with drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Methods: Sputum samples were collected from pulmonary tuberculosis patients at six different healthcare institutions in Tigray, Ethiopia, between July 2018 and August 2019. DNA was extracted from 74 Mtb complex isolates for whole-genome sequencing (WGS). All genomes were typed and screened for mutation

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Pitart, Cristina, Gabriel Taltavull, Carla López-Causapé, et al. "Analysis of intrahospital and global dissemination and resistome dynamics of NDM-1-producing ST773 Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk clone." JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance 7, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlaf063.

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Abstract Objectives To analyse the intrahospital and global dissemination and resistome dynamics of the concerning NDM-1 MBL-producing ST773 P. aeruginosa high-risk clone. Methods A total of 17 NDM-1-producing P. aeruginosa isolates recovered in 2022–24 from 10 patients at Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Spain, were studied through susceptibility testing and WGS. Expression of resistance genes was analysed through quantitative (real-time) RT–PCR. Forty ST773 genomes from isolates recovered worldwide were also incorporated in the phylogenetic and resistome analysis. Results All HCB NDM-1-pr

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Charrier, Cédric, Anne-Marie Salisbury, Victoria J. Savage, et al. "Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Potent Broad-Spectrum Activity against Drug-Resistant Bacteria." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 61, no. 5 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02100-16.

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ABSTRACT The novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor class is an investigational type of antibacterial inhibitor of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV that does not have cross-resistance with the quinolones. Here, we report the evaluation of the in vitro properties of a new series of this type of small molecule. Exemplar compounds selectively and potently inhibited the catalytic activities of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV but did not block the DNA breakage-reunion step. Compounds showed broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative p

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Naudin, Sarah A., Aude A. Ferran, Pedro Henrique Imazaki, et al. "Development of an in vitro biofilm model for the study of the impact of fluoroquinolones on sewer biofilm microbiota." Frontiers in Microbiology 15 (March 27, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1377047.

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Sewer biofilms are likely to constitute hotspots for selecting and accumulating antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study aimed to optimize culture conditions to obtain in vitro biofilms, mimicking the biofilm collected in sewers, to study the impact of fluoroquinolones (FQs) on sewer biofilm microbiota. Biofilms were grown on coupons in CDC Biofilm Reactors®, continuously fed with nutrients and inoculum (1/100 diluted wastewater). Different culture conditions were tested: (i) initial inoculum: diluted wastewater with or without sewer biofilm, (ii)

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