Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gyroscopes optiques'
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Gaponov, Dmitry. "Propriétés optiques de fibres optiques microstructurées et laser à fibre de Bragg à grande aire modale." Limoges, 2008. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/2af9d018-b039-4465-886e-0261ba1e73f3/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4067.pdf.
Full textNowadays we observe a constant increasing of the amount of publications connected with Micro-structured Optical Fibers (MOFs). Nevertheless the unclear physical questions are still remaining in this field. From the other hand, applying of such structures is attractive in different fields of science and technology due to their unique optical properties. Our work is devoted to the theoretical analysis of some of the basic MOF types and to the experimental creation of fiber laser based on large mode area (LMA) 1-D photonic bandgap fiber (i. E. Bragg Fiber, BF). In the experimental part we investigated the Yb-doped LMA BF. We created a fiber laser based on this fiber with pumping into the cladding. We obtained the efficient singlemode lasing with low bend sensitivity, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time in such type of fibers
Medjadba, Hocine. "Optimisation d’un gyroscope à fibre optique multimode." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6077.
Full textThe aim of the work presented in this thesis is to develop a new version of a multimode fiber optic gyroscope based on the optimal choice of the optical components and the signal processing. The work is mainly divided to two parts. The first part is devoted to the modeling of multimode Sagnac interferometer and allows the study of the effect of the modes coupling on the gyroscope performances. The modeling results are used to optimize the choice of the gyroscope components. The second part is dedicated to the experimental setup of the new prototype of the gyroscope and for the performances characterization
Grenet, Pierre. "Système de reconstruction cinématique corps entier : fusion et exploitation de données issues de MEMS." Poitiers, 2011. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/26762/2011-Grenet-Pierre-These.pdf.
Full textDemocratization of MEMS has enabled the development of attitude control : group of sensors enabling to measure ones orientation relatively to Earth's frame. There are several types of sensors used in attitude control : accelerometers, magnetometers and gyroscopes. Only the combination accelerometers - magnetmeters - gyros allows a satisfying estimation of the kinematics orientation without any a priori knowledge on the mouvement, that is to say, the estimation of the orientation in presence of an unknown acceleration. The aim of the thesis is, within the context of whole body motion capture, to add a priori knowledge in order to reduce the number of gyroscopes used, or even to eliminate them completely. This a priori knowledge is the fact that sensors are attached to a skeleton and so that their relative motions can only be combination of rotations. To test the efficiency of this method, we first apply it to a simple pendulum with one degree of freedom, then a pendulum with three degrees of freedom, then on groups of segments (shoulder - arm - forearm for example) and finally on a whole body system. This thesis develops the theory and the results obtained for different methodologies of resolution
Mallek-Bouras, Djouher. "Etude de l'effet Brillouin en cavité laser." Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0008.
Full textThis study serves to understand the origin of the instabilities observed experimentally in the high power double cladding fiber lasers. The irnplementation of a kinetic model which describes the spatiotemporal evolution of the intensity of a high power fiber laser in the presence of the scattering Brillouin was studied in the first part. The Fabry-Perot laser cavity was considered. It is established by two rnirrors what drives to the existence of two laser waves which propagate in opposite sense, as well as of two Stokes waves associated with the waves lasers. The presence of al1 these waves under the curve of gain requires the consideration of the saturation crossed between the waves laser and the waves Stokes. The most important original result of this study is that in the presence of the stimulated scattering Brillouin, the ytterbium doped fiber laser presents an auto-impulsive functioning in the case of a cavity to strong losses without any absorbent saturable. For the case of cavity with low losses the dynamics presents a continuous functioning whatever the rate of pumping. The f i e n c e of the stimulated scattering Brillouin in a laser cavity with low losses was studied numerically in the second part, by using the model of the coupled amplitudes and by taking into account the dynamics of the acoustic wave. Rich and complex dynamic are observed
Beaudou, Benoît. "Conception et réalisation de fibres microstructurées à coeur creux optimisées pour l'émission dans l'infrarouge par diffusion Raman stimulée." Limoges, 2009. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a6c1f8f1-ff8e-4e2b-9285-b1aeb54e0bec/blobholder:0/2009LIMO4038.pdf.
Full textApplications such as pollution control or countermeasures have a need in mid infrared sources (2. 5-5μm). Nowadays, compact, robust sources with a good beam quality are not available in this spectral range. To overcome this limitation, we study the conversion of usual sources by stimulated Raman scattering in hollow-core fibre. A proposal uses a hydrogen-filled tapered hollow-core photonic bandgap fibre as a wavelength converter. First results demonstrate the ability to convert the pump toward fifth Stokes order with a monomode beam profile. Then, large pitch hollow-core fibre allowing air-guiding over a broad spectral range are studied. Characterisation of the fabricated fibres paves the way to stimulated Raman scattering with large shift gases
Lesvigne, Christelle. "Conversions non-linéaires et élargissements spectraux dans les fibres optiques microstructurées." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/036f6026-cac8-42d5-b645-850db31e50c6/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4030.pdf.
Full textCurrently, supercontinuum generation is based on the use of a single pump localised near the zero dispersion wavelength of the optical fiber. Thanks to different nonlinear effects, a spectral broadening is obtained. The first part of this work was to develop a innovating nonlinear process, based on a particular intermodal four wave mixing. A systematic study made it possible to highlight the impact of the selective injection, the polarization, the length of the fibre and the opto-geometrical parameters of the guide on the profile of the spectrum. In parallel, we showed that the second harmonic generation, obtained directly inside doped fibres, could contribute to important spectral widenings. Moreover, we also evaluated conversion effects in pure silica microstructured fibres
Chatterjee, Gaurav. "Développement d'une unité de mesure inertielle à base de Smart-MEMS." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT310.
Full textStrapdown inertial navigation units are the most popular systems used for navigation. The system architecture is well established and has been extensively improved over the past decades. However, the core idea remains same where a triad of accelerometers and gyroscopes provide the attitude and heading information.The accuracy of the position estimate depends on the performance grade of the sensors employed. For applications like space launchers requiring very high accuracy, high-grade devices using traditional technologies are used. The advent of accurate MEMS based sensors offer an exciting low-cost alternative with expected reduction in size and power consumption. MEMS fabrication technology, assisted by improved understanding of material properties have led to accelerometers that can compete with traditional devices for tactical applications. However, the MEMS based solutions currently available for gyroscopes can replace only industrial grade applications.This study attempts to investigate if the currently available high-grade accelerometers can be used to improve the gyroscope performance, towards the final goal of a complete MEMS based solution for inertial navigation units. The study begins with a literature review of current status of technology. A brief explanation of linear Kalman filtering technique for data fusion is presented, along with its implementation concerning this work. The theoretical discussion is then followed by presentation of experimental results.The study found that using a pair of high-grade accelerometers, a consumer grade gyroscope can have its performance upgraded for tactical applications. The design and sensing constraints for realizing this system are discussed in detail.Since this research work primarily concerns with angular rate estimation around a single axis of rotation, further research is recommended for extrapolating this approach for a more general 3-D sensing case
Mussot, Arnaud. "Amplification paramétrique dans les fibres optiques pour les télécommunications à haut débit." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008566.
Full textParriaux, Alexandre. "Génération de peignes de fréquences par modulation électro-optique et applications." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d741c734-bc90-4d7b-a8ba-66657dfe685d.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis relates the development of a dual frequency comb spectrometer based on the electro-optic modulation of a continuous wave laser, and its utilisation for spectroscopic applications in the near- and mid-infrared.Since their discovery in the 1960s, frequency combs have revolutionised the physics, especially in metrology but also in spectroscopy, which lead to the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2005. In this domain of applications, dual frequency comb spectrometers are known to be complex to develop and use. A possibility to bypass these constraints is to build the spectrometer with electro-optic modulators. This particular architecture makes the experimental setup easy to use, thanks to the all-fibered feature and the lack of enslavement needed.In this manuscript, the work related describe first the architecture of a dual-comb spectrometer based on electro-optic modulators. We will see the advantages and disadvantages of the technique, especially for spectroscopic applications. We will also see the benefits of nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers to improve the experimental setup. Then, we show how the spectral range of the spectrometer can be extended around 2~µm, either by direct electro-optic modulation, or by frequency conversion in specific optical fibers.Finally, we will see the possibility to reach the mid-infrared by using nonlinear crystals. This last spectral extension will allow us to probe a spectral region highly suitable for spectroscopy, and hence to realise specific applications such as exhaled breath analysis
Badaoui, Noad. "Dynamique et estimation paramétrique pour les gyroscopes laser à milieu amplificateur gazeux." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM058/document.
Full textGaz ring laser gyroscopes provide a high performance technical solution for inertial navigation. However, for very low rotational speeds, the mirrors imperfections of the optical cavity induce a locking phenomena between the phases of the two counter-propagating Laser beams. Hence, the measurements of the phase difference can no longer be used when the speed is within an area around zero, called lock-in zone, or,if a procedure of mechanical dithering is implemented, dithering lock-in zone. Nevertheless, this work shows that it is possible using filtering and estimation methods to measure the speed even within the lock-in zones. To achieve this result, we exploit a physical modeling of the dynamics that we simplify, using singular perturbation techniques, to obtain a generalization of Lamb's equations. There are four non-linear differential equations describing the dynamics of the intensities and phases of the two counter-propagating beams. A qualitative study by regular perturbation theory, exponential stability of the equilibrium points and Poincaré maps allows a characterisation of the lock-in zones according to the mirrors imperfections. It is then possible to estimate online, with an asymptotic observer based on recursive least squares, these imperfections by considering the additional measurements of the beam intensities. Accurate knowledge of these imperfections enables us to compensate them in the dynamic of the relative phase, and thus to estimate rotational speeds within the lock-in zones. Detailed numerical simulations illustrate the interest of those observers to increase the accuracy of gas ring laser gyroscopes
Ecotière, David. "Le gyromètre acoustique soumis à des vitesses de rotation élevées ou instationnaires." Le Mans, 2001. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2001/2001LEMA1015.pdf.
Full textThis research deals with the theoretical and experimental study of the behaviour of the acoustic rate gyro when strong or unsteady rotation rates occur. An acoustic rate gyro provide output signals that are measures of rotation rates with respect to an inertial frame. The gyrometer under consideration is a cylindrical cavity, filled with gas, excited by a loudspeaker (set on the wall) on its first azimutal mode. When the cavity rotates, the inertial effects generate a coupling between the mode created by the loudspeaker and the orthogonal mode which have the same resonance frequency. Two flush-mounted microphones provide the coupling ratio, which is proportional to the rotation rate of the cavity (permanent regime). The first part of the thesis presents a modelization describing the behaviour of the acoustic rate gyro, for steady or unsteady rotation rates, for low or strong rotation rates. This model describes the acoustic field inside the cavity using a wave equation which takes into account the effects resulting from the unsteady rotation and those resulting from the gradient of the static pressure (strong rotation rate). Then in the second part, this model is developed and applied to unsteady rotation rates by using a suitable description of the unsteady flow motion and an acurate description of the acoustic velocity : the analytical and experimental results highlight the important parameters that govern the transient regime. A second application of the model, presented in the last part, deals with the strong rotation rates : the analytical and experimental results show that, although the acoustic behaviour of the cavity is strongly perturbed, the response of the gyrometer remains linear with respect to the rotation rate, when used at a suitable working point
Descharles, Mélanie. "Microcapteurs résonants et électroniques associées : modélisation conjointe et optimisation." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682582.
Full textLamy, au Rousseau Georges. "Restitution d'attitude d'un satellite à haute manoeuvrabilité par un viseur stellaire à matrice APS : Amélioration de l'autonomie et de la robustesse par couplage gyrométrique." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES047.
Full textThe use of CMOS-APS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor-Active Pixel Sensor) photodetector arrays instead of CCD (Coupled Charge Device) in the star tracker applications is studied. Star trackers associated technologies and methods are first exposed. In a second time, characterisation of an APS imaging is done. The same study concerning the gyros is conducted. A conclusion allows to estimate the necessary modifications concerning the computation operations. The algorithmical approach is then examined. Two star pattern recognition algorithms, noise tolerant, are proposed. Data fusion methods, based on Kalman filter and REQUEST (REcursive QUaternion EStimator) alogithm are studied. Optimal solutions are selected to result to an attitude measurement system composed of an APS imaging array hybridised with an tri-axis gyro bloc. This system is high dynamic robust, delivers a high frequency attitude information, has a low power consumption and uses low cost components
Chatterjee, Debanuj. "A theoretical investigation of fiber phase sensitive amplifiers for applications." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASP008.
Full textFiber optic parametric amplifiers (FOPA) are promising for tomorrow's communication systems. In particular, fiber phase sensitive amplifiers offer attractive functionalities like low noise and high gain which makes it a potential candidate for applications in microwave photonic links. This thesis provides a theoretical investigation of such fiber phase sensitive amplifiers aimed towards applications.The first part of the thesis is dedicated towards development of an analytical model for propagation of seven CW waves through a FOPA. The system was solved exactly when nonlinear effects of the fiber are not strong. The developed model unravelled the important role of the higher order waves in determining the amplification performance of the FOPA. Strategies were formulated to enhance the amplification and the possibility of a phase sensitive frequency conversion with just two pump waves was also predicted.In the second part of this thesis, the possibility of introducing a fiber phase sensitive amplifier in a microwave photonic link for analog signal distribution was investigated. A numerical model was utilized to simulate how the RF nonlinearities in a microwave photonic link are amplified by the FOPA. The performance of the link when the FOPA attains a gain saturation was also studied. The study revealed the possibility of RF nonlinearity mitigation using the fiber nonlinearity. Implementation of such techniques could lead to realization of long-range and highly linear microwave photonic links for antenna remoting applications
Ghawas, Muhammad. "Sources picosecondes et femtosecondes à base de fibre dopées Ytterbium et applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0463.
Full textUltrashort laser pulses in both industrial and research applications progressively rely on fiber laser technology, guided by its intrinsic benefits, for instance, stability, compact nature, excellent beam quality, robustness, and easy operation. In this work, a detailed study has been done to investigate picosecond fiber laser working in an all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) regime for the application of parametric generation in photonic crystal fiber. In summary, we have developed a high-power fiber laser source delivering picosecond pulses with tunability both in central wavelength and spectral width. It incorporates a combination of a large-mode-area rod-type ytterbium fiber, a slit, and a transmission grating inside the ring laser cavity configuration. At the central wavelength of ∼ 1030 nm and with a repetition of 78 MHz, this laser delivers picosecond pulses with an average power of up to 25 W. The pulse duration can be continuously adjusted from ∼ 1.8 ps to ∼ 4.5 ps and pulse energy from ∼ 320 nJ and ∼ 225 nJ, respectively. Additionally, we have also demonstrated that the central wavelength of the laser pulse can be finely tuned from ∼ 1010 nm to ∼ 1060 nm while keeping the pulse energy above ∼ 150 nJ. We have also proposed a numerical model to account for the ensemble of our experimental data and the simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data. The output of this fiber oscillator is propagated through the photonic crystal fiber for the parametric generation of the signal (higher frequencies than the pump) and idler (lower frequencies than the pump). The fiber OPO singly-resonant cavity was built in such a way that only signal wavelengths are allowed to propagate through it. The conversion efficiency for the signal was close to 20 % in the fiber OPO. Based on the dispersion profile of the photonic crystal fiber and our homebuilt tunable pump laser, the signal wavelength (resp. idler) was tuned from ∼ 770 nm to ∼ 1000 nm (∼ 1130 nm to ∼ 1590nm) for the corresponding pump wavelengths of ∼ 1024 nm to ∼ 1059 nm
Maisonnet, Jérôme. "Optimisation et réalisation d'un micro-gyromètre deux axes à poutres vibrantes en silicium." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476857.
Full textMignot, Augustin. "Gyrolaser semi-conducteur à cavité externe." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004908.
Full textLemouchi, Cyprien. "Moteurs Moléculaires Cristallins Photo-pilotés." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801226.
Full textDutta, Indranil. "Stability improvement of a sagnac cold atom interferometer : towards continuous operation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066572/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at pushing the performances of a cold atom interferometer principally sensitive to rates of rotation in a particular axis. In our experiment, Cesium atoms are laser cooled, trapped and launched in a fountain configuration. According to the Sagnac effect, the sensitivity of the interferometer to rotation is proportional to the area enclosed by the interferometer arms. We use stimulated Raman transitions to split the atoms in two paths and to form a folded Mach-Zehnder-like interferometer architecture using four Raman pulses. With an interrogation time of the atoms of 800 ms, we achieve a Sagnac area as high as 11 cm^2. The thesis describes the improvements to the experimental setup to operate the gyroscope with such a high Sagnac area. A procedure for the relative alignment of the Raman beams at the microrad level is presented, which is critical to meet the interference condition of the cold atoms at the interferometer output. The characterization and mitigation of the vibration noise, affecting the gyroscope, is also demonstrated. We finally demonstrate a short term rotation stability of 160 nrad/s at 1 s and a long term stability of 1.8 nrad/s after 10 000 s of integration time. This stability level represents a factor 5 improvement compared to the previous SYRTE gyroscope experiment of 2009 and a factor 15 compared to other published results. The thesis work also presents a new method of interrogation to operate the gyroscope without dead times, which is important for various applications of cold atom sensors in inertial navigation, geophysics and in fundamental physics
Kock, Guillaume. "Étude et réalisation de gyromètres à détection thermique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS043/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with both study and fabrication of micro-sensors dedicated to the measurement of angular velocity, these devices are based on heat exchanges. Two types of gyroscopes have been developed, one using a jet of gas being deflected by the rotation, the other one using thermal expansion of a gas. Under rotation, heat transfers in a locally heated fluid is modified by the Coriolis force and induces a change in temperature distribution. Using a fluid as seismic mass enhances performances in terms shock (> 10 000g) and vibration resistances compared with standard mechanical gyroscopes.The aim of this work has been to study, develop and characterize these two gyroscopes. For this purpose, numerical studies have been carried out in order to improve our understanding of physical and thermal phenomena involved in the device. Effects of thermo-physical parameters, sensor size and gas flow velocity on both sensitivity and measuring range were analyzed.On the other hand, prototypes of both gyroscopes were manufactured and characterized. The proof of concept has been validated and encouraging results have been found. Comparison of measure and simulation have shown that improvements have to be made on the numerical model
Tackmann, Gunnar. "Interférométrie Raman avec des atomes en chute libre et piégés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966091.
Full textLe gyromètre CASI est basé sur un double interféromètre Raman aux trajectoires atomiques contrapropageantes. Cet ouvrage présente des études sur la stabilité du capteur et une amélioration de la sensibilité aux rotations d'un ordre de grandeur par rapport a l'état précédent. Une sensibilité de 2×10-8 rad/s après 4000 s de moyennage a été démontrée en exploitant, pour le corriger, la corrélation du signal de rotation avec le temps d'arrivée des échantillons atomiques.
L'expérience FORCA-G vise à réaliser des mesures de forces a faible distance à l'aide d'interféromètres Raman basés sur un effet tunnel induit par laser dans un réseau optique. Des mesures avec une sensibilité aux accélérations de 2×10-5 g/√Hz sont présentées. La sensibilité obtenue après une intégration de 150 s permettra de réaliser des mesures de la force de Casimir-Polder avec une incertitude statistique de 1 % à une distance atome-surface de l'ordre de 5 µm. Par ailleurs, l'implémentation d'un transport cohérent des atomes dans des réseaux optiques accélérés a été effectuée, qui sera utile pour les mesures futures.
Savoie, Denis. "Fonctionnements continu et entrelacé d'un gyromètre à atomes froids et amélioration de sa stabilité." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066585/document.
Full textSagnac atomic gyroscopes have great potential due to their high sensitivity to rotation. The SYRTE atomic gyroscope uses laser cooled cesium atoms. Thank to stimulated Raman transitions, we form a folded Mach-Zehnder type interferometer. The instrument allows interrogation times up to 800~ms, which corresponds to a 11~cm$^2$ Sagnac area, the largest demonstrated for atom interferometers. This is a major step toward the use of such instruments in inertial navigation. I describe the methods implemented to push the short-term sensitivity and performed the first detailed study of systematics, such as those linked to light-shifts due to the preparation and the detection of the atoms and those linked to misalignment of parallelism of the mirrors and of the trajectories of the atoms. I demonstrated a short-term stability of 30~nrad.s$^{-1}$.Hz$^{-1/2}$ in triple interleaved joint interrogation which improves the state of the art by a factor 3. The state of the art has also been improved by a factor 5 in long-term with a 0,2~nrad.s$^{-1}$ stability in 30~000~s
Ravaille, Alexia. "Gyromètre optique basé sur une cavité résonante passive en fibre à cœur creux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS411/document.
Full textIn this manuscript, we report the theoretical and experimental developments at TRT, TAV and LAC, aiming the realization of a hollow-core passive resonant fiber optical gyroscope that can achieve navigation grade performances. We mathematically describe the Sagnac effect, which is a relativistic effect used to optically probe mechanical rotations. Then, we detail the state of the art in passive resonant fiber optical gyroscope development. We identify their limitations, and explain why the hollow core fiber seems to be the best solution to cope with the actual limitations of such gyroscopes. We then focus on two different types of hollow core fibers: Kagome and photonic bandgap. We evaluate their performances in terms of transmission, polarization holding and backscattering. We describe the first measurement of a lock in region in a hollow core fiber passive optical gyroscope, i.e the range of rotation rates that cannot be measured because of backscattering. A mathematical model is propounded to link the lock in to the backscattering of the cavity. We then discuss the experimental protocol that we implemented to circumvent this limitation. Finally, we characterize the performances of our gyroscope based on these features
Meunier, Matthieu. "Etude d'un gyromètre à ondes de matière de très grande aire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053196.
Full textLaneurit, Jean. "Perception multisensorielle pour la localisation d'un robot mobile en environnement extérieur, application aux véhicules routiers." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/69/20/34/PDF/2006CLF21658.pdf.
Full textLaneurit, Jean. "Perception multisensorielle pour la localisation d'un robot mobile en environnement extérieur, application aux véhicules routiers." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692034.
Full textHUBER, BERTOLD. "Methode d'exploitation d'un gyroscope a fibre optique pour la navigation autonome d'un vehicule." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13078.
Full textApriyanto, Haris. "Study, analysis and experimental validation of fiber refractometers based on single-mode, multimode and photonic crystal fibers for refractive index measurements with application for the detection of methane." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0022.
Full textRefractive index measurement has been studied since Ernest Abbé initially designed a refractometer in 1869, which is named the Abbé refractometer. Since then, numerous types of refractometers have been developed by employing either the optical prism-based refractometer or the optical fiber-based refractometer, due to their wide-ranging applications such as for sensingvarious physical, biological and chemical parameters. Recently, a large number of researchers have been developing refractometers based on optical fibers, exploiting mechanisms such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), multimode interference, fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), long period gratings (LPG), tapered optical fibers, and striped-cladding multimode fibers (MMF), for their advantages in immunity against electromagnetic interference, electrical passivity at the sensing probe, and capability to long term in-situ measurement. This thesis concerns the development of comprehensively functional and accurate models for optical fiber refractometers based on optical intensity modulation, in particular for stripped-cladding MMF refractometry as well as hybrid systems involving a combination of single-mode-multimode fiber refractometery and the all-fiber hybrid refractometer using photonic crystal fibers. A key objective of this work is to characterize the performance of these intensity-based optical fiber refractometers in terms of their power response, sensitivity, resolution, and dynamic range. The simulation results which are corroborated experimentally demonstrate very high sensitivity being obtained in Zone II (i.e. the sensing regime typically employed for measuring a sensing medium index higher than the cladding index but less than or equal to the core index) for all three types of refractometers. However, the sensitivity in Zone III (i.e. the sensing regime for which the sensing medium index is higher than the core index) is very low. A hybrid single-mode fiber - multimode fiber configuration is used to improve the sensitivity in Zone III. On other hand, the sensitivity for Zone I (i.e. the sensing regime typically employed for measuring a sensing medium index lower than the cladding index) has been improved by increasing evanescent wave absorption using the all-fiber hybrid refractometer based on solid-core photonic crystal fibers. As a further potential of the fiber refractometer for applications in biochemical sensing, the proof-of-concept for a methane gas sensor has been demonstrated using supramolecular cryptophane-A which enables to trap the methane molecules. Cryptophane-A incorporated into a functionalized film of StyreneAcrylonitrile (SAN) host is applied to a de-cladded region of the sensor as the sensitive region. The refractive index of this functionalized layer increases proportionally with increasing methane concentration, subsequently inducing variations in the transmitted optical power along the fiber sensor
FISCHER, SYLVAIN. "Etude de la retrodiffusion de brillouin dans une fibre optique monomode. Application a un gyroscope a fibre optique a effet brillouin." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13247.
Full textGuillaumond, Didier. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'une source à fibre optique dopée erbium pour un gyromètre à fibre optique hautes performances." Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET4009.
Full textIgbonacho, Bici Chinauyi Junior. "Génération de molécules de solitons, régulation de puissance, régénération et sculpture des profils d'impulsion au sein d'un laser à fibre multifonction." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK024/document.
Full textThe work of this thesis strives to provide a solution to the persistent problem of poverty of mode-locked fiber lasers, in terms of functionality and flexibility. The thesis proposes a fiber-laser cavity having the specificity of being multifunctional. The cavity is equipped with tunable components, which provide the flexibility to realize functions ranging from the generation of pulses with complex profiles (solitons, bi-solitons, tri-solitons, etc.) up to the carving of pulse profiles, passing through the regulation of peak powers, and the regeneration of severely degraded intensity profiles. The laser cavity that we propose has the specificity of being controlled by a key component, which is a multifunctional nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM). We have designed this NOLM by making structural modifications in the usual architecture of this device, and by adding to it: a dispersion compensating fiber, a bandpass filter with tunable bandwidth, and an amplifier (preceded by a gain flattening filter, as needed) with tunable gain. These two parameters make it possible to adjust its transfer function, and thus to increase its functionalities and its flexibility. Thus, in addition to its role as a trigger for mode locking, this NOLM performs essential optical functions such as the regeneration of strongly degraded intensity profiles; which contributes to strengthening the stability of the laser.We also show the possibility of regulating the pulse peak power by locking it around a predefined value. Finally, we show that the multifunction laser offers the possibility to carve pulse profiles, that is, to generate pulses endowed with a peak power and a temporal width set in advance through an appropriate adjustment of the NOLM control parameters. The applications targeted by this multifunction laser are those requiring pulses with finely tunable peak power and temporal width. These activities, include the pulse reshaping in Telecoms, operations of compression or stretching of pulse profiles, optical component diagnostics, and non-destructive control of transmission lines
Macé, Jean-Sébastien. "Modélisation du fonctionnement d’un gyrolaser He-Ne de très haute précision." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112160/document.
Full textRing laser gyros (RLG) are inertial sensors whose reliability and accuracy have been recognised since the mid-1980s. Their high sensitivity enables them to measure angular velocity with an accuracy of 10⁻³ °/ h in aeronautics. However, because of a complex functioning based on a rich and varied physics, their performances are highly dependent on the working conditions and on any modification in the manufacturing process. In this case, a numerical modelling is pertinent since it allows both a clear understanding of the ring laser physics and parametric studies which are not experimentally feasible. The global modelling of a He-Ne RLG has been the main objective of the collaboration between Sagem (Safran group), which is one of the world leader in the inertial sensors field, and the Gas and Plasma Physics Laboratory (LPGP).This modelling is “multi-physics” since RLG physics involves several disciplines (plasma, atomic and laser physics). Therefore we have developed three models specifically adapted to each field. The first one describes the modelling of the positive column of the glow discharge following a fluid approach. This model allows a quantitative description of the plasma and gives access to fundamental quantities like the electron density or the electron energy distribution function. These quantities are the required inputs for the second model which treats the kinetics of the excited states inside the He-Ne plasma. For this, a collisional-radiative model in a radial geometry (1D-CRM) has been developed. The radial geometry is justified by the importance of the transport processes of atoms and radiations which can influence the radial profile of the population inversion. Notably, the radiative transfer by self-absorption of the resonant radiative transitions has been modelled by solving the Holstein-Biberman equation by a Monte-Carlo method. This aspect is a major component of this PhD work. Diffusion of excited atoms inside the plasma has also been taken into account by solving the diffusion equation with different boundary conditions at the capillary surface. From the populations and the kinetic rates computed by 1D-CRM, the laser amplification inside the cavity has been modelled using a two-level Maxwell-Bloch approach (NADIA) taking into account the inhomogeneous gain saturation, which means to consider the thermal speed of the atoms in the direction of propagation of the laser beams. The kinetics of NADIA has been optimized and transport processes in the phase space have also been implemented. This model has been used to study the performances of the RLG linked to the amplifying medium and to derive the physical parameters needed for the development of a simulator.Concerning this simulator, a simplified physical model from NADIA has been coupled to system modules in order to reproduce the operating signal of a RLG. This allows to conduct parametric studies on the quantities defining the RLG performance in particular the dynamic bias and the so-called “Random Walk”. We showed notably that the results of our simulator are in good agreement with experimental measurements in operating conditions. Moreover, our results show that this simulator is a powerful tool for analysing experimental data
Bernhardt, Sylvie. "Gyromètre a fibre a double conjugaison de phase - étude d'un nouveau matériau photorefractif - réalisation d'un démonstrateur." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00715875.
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