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Journal articles on the topic 'Gyroscopes'
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1
Usubamatov, Ryspek. "Physics of Gyroscope’s “Antigravity Effect”." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2019 (December 20, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4197863.
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The physics of gyroscopic effects are more complex than presented in existing mathematical models. The effects presented by these models do not match the real forces acting on gyroscopic devices. New research in this area has demonstrated that a system of inertial torques, which are generated by the rotating mass of spinning objects, acts upon a gyroscope. The actions of the system of inertial forces are validated by practical tests of the motions of a gyroscope with one side support. The action of external load torque on a gyroscope with one side support demonstrates that the gyroscope’s upward motion is wrongly called an “antigravity” effect. The upward motion of a gyroscope is the result of precession torque around its horizontal axis. The novelty of the present work is related to the mathematical models for the upward and downward motions of gyroscopes influenced by external torque around the vertical axis. This analytical research describes the physics of gyroscopes’ upward motion and validates that gyroscopes do not possess an antigravity property.
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Kudelin, Igor, Srikanth Sugavanam, and Maria Chernysheva. "Rotation Active Sensors Based on Ultrafast Fibre Lasers." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 3530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103530.
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Gyroscopes merit an undeniable role in inertial navigation systems, geodesy and seismology. By employing the optical Sagnac effect, ring laser gyroscopes provide exceptionally accurate measurements of even ultraslow angular velocity with a resolution up to 10−11 rad/s. With the recent advancement of ultrafast fibre lasers and, particularly, enabling effective bidirectional generation, their applications have been expanded to the areas of dual-comb spectroscopy and gyroscopy. Exceptional compactness, maintenance-free operation and rather low cost make ultrafast fibre lasers attractive for sensing applications. Remarkably, laser gyroscope operation in the ultrashort pulse generation regime presents a promising approach for eliminating sensing limitations caused by the synchronisation of counter-propagating channels, the most critical of which is frequency lock-in. In this work, we overview the fundamentals of gyroscopic sensing and ultrafast fibre lasers to bridge the gap between tools development and their real-world applications. This article provides a historical outline, highlights the most recent advancements and discusses perspectives for the expanding field of ultrafast fibre laser gyroscopes. We acknowledge the bottlenecks and deficiencies of the presented ultrafast laser gyroscope concepts due to intrinsic physical effects or currently available measurement methodology. Finally, the current work outlines solutions for further ultrafast laser technology development to translate to future commercial gyroscopes.
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Bai, Bing, Cun Li, and Yulong Zhao. "Development of V-Shaped Beam on the Shock Resistance and Driving Frequency of Micro Quartz Tuning Forks Resonant Gyroscope." Micromachines 11, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11111012.
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The application of gyroscopes in harsh environments has always been a hot topic. As a high-quality material for manufacturing gyroscopes, quartz crystals need to be designed and optimized to meet the normal operation of gyroscopes in harsh environments. The Micro Electronics Mechanical System(MEMS) quartz tuning forks resonant gyroscope is one of the quartz gyroscopes. The elastic structure (V-shaped beam) between the anchor support point and tuning forks plays a vital role in the MEMS quartz tuning forks resonant gyroscope. This structure determines the natural frequency of the gyroscope, and more importantly, determines the shock resistance of the gyroscope structure. In this article, the MEMS quartz tuning forks gyroscope with different V-shaped beam thicknesses are simulated and analyzed by finite element analysis simulation software. After the modal analysis and shock simulation (the half-cycle sine shock pulse with amplitude of 1500 g (g is the acceleration of gravity) and duration of 2 ms in the six shock directions), the results show that when the beam thickness is 80 μm, the maximum stress is 94.721 MPa, which is less than the failure stress of quartz crystal. The gyroscope’s shock resistance is verified through shock testing.
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Sinel’nikov, A. O., A. A. Medvedev, Yu D. Golyaev, M. E. Grushin, and D. I. Chekalov. "Thermal Zero Drifts in Magneto-Optical Zeeman Laser Gyroscopes." Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya 29, no. 4 (2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17285/0869-7035.0079.
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The paper is devoted to the current problem of gyroscopy in general and its magneto-optical laser branch in particular: further increase in the accuracy of gyroscopes while maintaining their stable operation in real operating conditions. The problem is considered and studied by the example of the magneto-optical Zeeman laser gyroscope, which is one of the effective types of laser gyroscope. The development and improvement of the technolo-gy for creating this type of gyroscopes makes it possible to significantly re-duce the sources of the gyroscope zero drift and yet, retain the other properties and performance parameters. The study and validation of the possibility of a significant reduction in the gyroscope key control currents, such as the pumping currents of the active medium and the control currents of frequency bias, will increase the measuring accuracy of the gyroscope, and, accordingly, the accuracy of navigation systems based on them.
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Chikovani, Valerii, and Serhii Golovach. "The state and prospects of the development of vibration gyroscopy in Ukraine and in the world." MECHANICS OF GYROSCOPIC SYSTEMS, no. 41 (December 28, 2022): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/0203-3771412021269245.
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The work analyzes the development and current state of vibration gyroscopes in Ukraine and in the world. The development of quartz and metallic resonators of various diameters for vibrating gyroscopes is presented and analyzed. In addition, for comparison with world practice, the developments of quartz and metallic resonators of advanced foreign companies, leaders in this field, are given. The block diagrams of the standing wave control system of the vibrating gyroscope in three modes of operation: as the angle rate sensor, as the rate-integrating or whole angle mode sensor and the differential mode are considered. In the perspective, the possibility of combining all three modes in one gyroscope with automatic switching from one mode to another one is shown, for maximum use of the advantages of each mode in dependence of environmental conditions and motion parameters. The test results of gyroscope with a metallic resonator made in Ukraine, on the effect of a wide range of external disturbances are presented. The development prospects of vibrating gyroscopes and systems based on them are evaluated. The paper draws conclusions about the state and prospects for the development of vibrating gyroscopy in Ukraine.
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Xu, Yingyu, Jing Lin, Chunhua He, Heng Wu, Qinwen Huang, and Guizhen Yan. "Design of a Shock-Protected Structure for MEMS Gyroscopes over a Full Temperature Range." Micromachines 15, no. 2 (January 30, 2024): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15020206.
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Impact is the most important factor affecting the reliability of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) gyroscopes, therefore corresponding reliability design is very essential. This paper proposes a shock-protected structure (SPS) capable of withstanding a full temperature range from −40 °C to 80 °C to enhance the shock resistance of MEMS gyroscopes. Firstly, the shock transfer functions of the gyroscope and the SPS are derived using Single Degree-of-Freedom and Two Degree-of-Freedom models. The U-folded beam stiffness and maximum positive stress are deduced to evaluate the shock resistance of the silicon beam. Subsequently, the frequency responses of acceleration of the gyroscope and the SPS are simulated and analyzed in Matlab utilizing the theoretical models. Simulation results demonstrate that when the first-order natural frequency of the SPS is approximately one-fourth of the gyroscope’s resonant frequency, the impact protection effect is best, and the SPS does not affect the original performance of the gyroscope. The acceleration peak of the MEMS gyroscope is reduced by approximately 23.5 dB when equipped with the SPS in comparison to its counterpart without the SPS. The anti-shock capability of the gyroscope with the SPS is enhanced by approximately 13 times over the full-temperature range. After the shock tests under the worst case, the gyroscope without the SPS experiences a beam fracture failure, while the performance of the gyroscope with the SPS remains normal, validating the effectiveness of the SPS in improving the shock reliability of MEMS gyroscopes.
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Ünker, F., and O. Çuvalcı. "Optimum Tuning of a Gyroscopic Vibration Absorber Using Coupled Gyroscopes for Vibration Control of a Vertical Cantilever Beam." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1496727.
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This paper deals with the investigation of optimum values of the stiffness and damping which connect two gyroscopic systems formed by two rotors mounted in gimbal assuming negligible masses for the spring, damper, and gimbal support. These coupled gyroscopes use two gyroscopic flywheels, spinning in opposing directions to have reverse precessions to eliminate the forces due to the torque existing in the torsional spring and the damper between gyroscopes. The system is mounted on a vertical cantilever with the purpose of studying the horizontal and vertical vibrations. The equation of motion of the compound system (gyro-beam system) is introduced and solved to find the response measured on the primary system. This is fundamental to design, in some way, the dynamic absorber or neutralizer. On the other hand, the effect of the angular velocities of the gyroscopes are studied, and it is shown that the angular velocity (spin velocity) of a gyroscope has a significant effect on the behavior of the dynamic motion. Correctness of the analytical results is verified by numerical simulations. The comparison with the results from the derivation of the corresponding frequency equations shows that the optimized stiffness and damping values are very accurate.
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Šklíba, Jan, and Jan Škoda. "About Dynamics Problems of the Vibroisolation System with the Gyroscopic Stabilizer." Solid State Phenomena 164 (June 2010): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.164.116.
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The fundamental condition of the sufficient vibration-isolation is that all natural frequencies of a system are placed outside the interval of exciting frequencies. By the application of a gyroscopic stabilizer depend some natural frequencies on the gyroscope impulse moment. There is described how to reach the fundamental condition by the help of sufficient magnitude of gyroscopes impulse moment.
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Yuan, Zhenkun, Jian Chen, Dingbo Chen, Shuolong Zhu, Junbo Yang, and Zhenrong Zhang. "An Ultra-Low-Loss Waveguide Based on BIC Used for an On-Chip Integrated Optical Gyroscope." Photonics 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2023): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10040453.
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The development of integrated optical technology and the continuous emergence of various low-loss optical waveguide materials have promoted the development of low-cost, size, weight, and power optical gyroscopes. However, the losses in conventional optical waveguide materials are much greater than those in optical fibers, and different waveguide materials often require completely different etching processes, resulting in severely limited gyroscope performance, which is not conducive to the monolithic integration of gyroscope systems. In this paper, an ultra-low-loss Archimedean spiral waveguide structure is designed for an on-chip integrated optical gyroscope by using the high Q value and low-loss optical characteristics of the bound state in the continuum (BIC). The structure does not require the etching of high-refractive-index optical functional materials, avoiding the etching problem that has been difficult to solve for a long time. In addition, the optical properties of the BIC straight and the BIC bent waveguide are simulated using the finite element method (FEM) to find the waveguide structural parameters corresponding to the BIC mode, which is used to design the integrated sensing coil and analyze the gyroscope performance. The simulation results show that the gyroscope’s sensitivity can reach 0.6699°/s. This research is the first time a BIC optical waveguide has been used for an integrated optical gyroscope, providing a novel idea for the monolithic integration of optical gyroscopes.
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Chikovani, Valerii, Sergii Ponomarenko, Sergiy Golovach, and Pavlo Pishchela. "Mutual calibration of the zero offset of two coaxial gyroscopes in motion." MECHANICS OF GYROSCOPIC SYSTEMS, no. 47 (May 15, 2024): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/0203-3771472024307712.
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The paper considers a method for systematic component correction of two coaxial gyroscope biases in motion under the most general assumptions about their models. This method allows combining heterogeneous MEMS and non-MEMS or optical gyroscopes into a single unit. The algorithm that implements this method requires initial calibration at the stop, for example, based on external information. Further, the algorithm uses the combined processing of data from the redundant sensors to provide more accurate angular rate of the so-called “virtual” gyroscope. The accuracy of the “virtual” gyroscope significantly exceeds the usual average value of these gyroscopes’ data. An application of the correction method to the measurement results of two coaxial metallic resonators' vibratory gyroscopes is given.
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Shen, Qiang, Jieyu Liu, Huang Huang, Qi Wang, and Weiwei Qin. "Kurtosis-based IMM filter for multiple MEMS gyroscopes fusion." Sensor Review 37, no. 3 (June 19, 2017): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-08-2016-0147.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore a signal processing method to improve the angular rate accuracy of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope by combining numerous gyroscopes. Design/methodology/approach To improve the dynamic performance of the signal processing method, the interacting multiple model (IMM) can be applied to the fusion of gyroscope array. However, the standard IMM has constant Markov parameter, which may reduce the model switching speed. To overcome this problem, an adaptive IMM filter is developed based on the kurtosis of the gyroscope output, in which the transition probabilities are adjusted online by utilizing the dynamic information of the rate signal. Findings The experimental results indicate that the precision of the gyroscope array composed of six gyroscopes increases significantly and the kurtosis-based adaptive Markov parameter IMM filter (K-IMM) performs better than the baseline methods, especially under dynamic conditions. These experiments prove the validity of the proposed fusion method. Practical implications The proposed method can improve the accuracy of MEMS gyroscopes without breakthrough on hardware, which is necessary to extend their utility while not restricting the overwhelming advantages. Original/value A K-IMM algorithm is proposed in this paper, which is used to improve the angular rate accuracy of MEMS gyroscope by combining numerous gyroscopes.
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Bezvesilna, Olena, Leonid Kolomiets, Yurii Kyrychuk, and Tetiana Tolochko. "TWO-GYROSCOPIC SENSITIVE ELEMENT OF THE STABILIZATION COMPLEX." Key title: Zbìrnik naukovih pracʹ Odesʹkoï deržavnoï akademìï tehnìčnogo regulûvannâ ta âkostì, no. 2(23) (2023): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32684/2412-5288-2023-2-23-30-39.
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The proposed two-gyroscopic SE is designed to measure acceleration and belongs to the area of acceleration measurements on a moving base and can be used in stabilization systems. The purpose of the article is to increase the accuracy of acceleration determination. To do this, it is necessary to eliminate methodical errors of gyroscopic moments-obstacle from the cross angular velocities of the base and from the angular velocity of the Earth's rotation. The proposed two-gyro SE consists of a three-stage gyroscope located in the inner and outer frames, equipped with an inter-frame correction system, which includes an angle sensor located on the axis of the inner frame of the gyroscope, the output of which is connected to a moment sensor located on the axis of the outer frame. What is new in the two-gyro SE stabilizer is the application on the axis of the inner frame of the gyroscope with the possibility of rotating the rotor in the opposite direction of the main gyroscope, equipped with an inter frame correction system, which includes an electric angle sensor located on the axis of the inner frame of the gyroscope, to the output of which the control winding of the electric moment sensor is connected. Located on the axis of the outer frame, and both gyroscopes are equipped with two additional angle sensors located on the axes of the outer frames, the outputs of which are connected to two additional moment sensors located on one axis of the inner frame, the centers of gravity of the two three-stage gyroscopes are equally shifted to one side along the axes of rotation gyroscope rotors relative to the axes of the outer frames.
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Haine, Thomas W. N., and Deepak A. Cherian. "Analogies of Ocean/Atmosphere Rotating Fluid Dynamics with Gyroscopes: Teaching Opportunities." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-12-00023.1.
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The dynamics of the rotating shallow-water (RSW) system include geostrophic f low and inertial oscillation. These classes of motion are ubiquitous in the ocean and atmosphere. They are often surprising to people at first because intuition about rotating f luids is uncommon, especially the counterintuitive effects of the Coriolis force. The gyroscope, or toy top, is a simple device whose dynamics are also surprising. It seems to defy gravity by not falling over, as long as it spins fast enough. The links and similarities between rotating rigid bodies, like gyroscopes, and rotating fluids are rarely considered or emphasized. In fact, the dynamics of the RSW system and the gyroscope are related in specific ways and they exhibit analogous motions. As such, gyroscopes provide important pedagogical opportunities for instruction, comparison, contrast, and demonstration. Gyroscopic precession is analogous to geostrophic flow and nutation is analogous to inertial oscillation. The geostrophic adjustment process in rotating fluids can be illustrated using a gyroscope that undergoes transient adjustment to steady precession from rest. The controlling role of the Rossby number on RSW dynamics is reflected in a corresponding nondimensional number for the gyroscope. The gyroscope can thus be used to illustrate RSW dynamics by providing a tangible system that behaves like rotating fluids do, such as the large-scale ocean and atmosphere. These relationships are explored for their potential use in educational settings to highlight the instruction, comparison, contrast, and demonstration of important fluid dynamics principles.
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Alpert, Sofiia. "Main characteristics and perspectives of development of laser gyroscopes." Ukrainian journal of remote sensing 8, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36023/ujrs.2021.8.1.186.
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Nowadays unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) are applied for solution numerous remote sensing tasks. They give a new opportunites for conducting environmental monitoring and give images with a very high resolution. Unmanned aerial vehicles are applied for solution numerous agricultural problems. They give a detail picture of fields. Unmanned aerial vehicles are used to help increase crop production. With technology constantly improving, imaging of the crops will need to improve as well.Digital images obtained by unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) can be used in forestry, they are used for environmental monitoring, plant health assessment and analysis of natural disasters. Unmanned aerial vehicles are also used for mining, they are applied for mapping deposit sites, exploring for oil and gas, surveying mines.Laser gyroscope is an essential component of a drones flight control system. Laser gyroscopes provides orientation control of drone and essential navigation information to the central flight control systems. Laser gyroscopes provide navigation information to the flight controller, which make drones easier and safer to fly. Laser gyroscope is one of the most important components, allowing the drone to fly smooth even in strong winds. The smooth flight capabilities allows us to get images with high precision.Nowadays the main function of gyroscope technologies is to improve the unmanned aerial vehicles flight capabilities. It was described a structure and main characteristics of laser gyroscopes. It was noted, that laser gyroscope is operated on the principle of the Sagnac effect. Sagnac effect is a phenomenon encountered in interferometry that is elicited by rotation. It were described main advantages and disadvantages of laser gyroscopes. A comparative analysis of mechanical and laser gyroscopes was carried out too.It also was noted, that laser gyroscopes are applied in different areas, such as: inertial navigation systems, aircraft, ships, unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) and satellites. Nowadays laser technology is developed further. There are all prerequisites for improving the precision and other technical characteristics of laser gyroscopes.
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Malyutin, D. M. "Structural Solutions that Increase the Dynamic Accuracy of a Wave Solid-State Gyroscope." Devices and Methods of Measurements 12, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2021-12-2-146-155.
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The development of wave solid-state gyroscopes (VTG) is one of the promising areas of development of gyroscopic angular velocity sensors. VTG from the standpoint of manufacturing technology, tuning and control systems, as well as accuracy characteristics, has a number of advantages compared to other types of gyroscopes. When developing VTG, they strive to reduce the gyroscope's own care, zero signal bias, and the non-linearity of the scale factor in the operating temperature range However, when creating the device, due attention is often not paid to the existing opportunities to improve the dynamic accuracy of the gyroscope by developing promising structural solutions for building control circuits and information processing. The solution to this problem was the goal of the work.Using the methods of the theory of automatic control, the dynamics of a wave solid-state gyroscope with a metal resonator and piezoelectric elements in the closed-loop mode of Сoriolis acceleration compensation are studied. Piezoelectric elements perform the functions of displacement and force sensors.Two promising structural solutions for constructing VTG control and information processing circuits are proposed and considered. Relations are established for selecting the parameters of the links of these contours, which provide an increase in the dynamic accuracy of the gyroscope. In the first case, the proposed structure for constructing the VTG allows us to significantly reduce the dynamic errors caused by the difference in the scale coefficient of the VTG at different frequencies of the measured angular velocity in the bandwidth. Such a structure for constructing a VTG can be recommended when solving a measurement problem in which it is necessary to accurately measure the angular velocity, and the phase lag of the output signal in relation to the measured angular velocity is of secondary importance. In the second case, the proposed structure of the VTG construction corresponds to the transfer function of the relative measurement error with secondorder astatism, and the absolute measurement error in the frequency band of 10 Hz does not exceed 0.1 %.
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Chikovani, Valeri, and Serhii Golovach. "Vibratory Gyroscope Scale Factor and Bias on-Run Self-calibration." Electronics and Control Systems 3, no. 69 (December 21, 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/1990-5548.69.16423.
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А new method for on-run periodic scale factor and bias self-calibration of vibratory gyroscopes in an inertial measurement unit with a redundant number of sensors is proposed. Self-calibration uses predefined virtual positive and negative angle rates to calibrate the SF, and the bias of the gyroscope that is in calibration mode, while the others, at least three gyroscopes of an inertial measurement unit, whose sensitivity axes do not lie in the same plane, operate in the measurement mode to measure the real angle rate of a vehicle. The projection of the current angle rate onto the sensitivity axis of the gyroscope being calibrated is computed from the results of measuring the full angle rate vector by the other three gyroscopes, creating conditions for the calibration procedure. In contrast to known methods, such as single-axis or multi-axis rotation of an inertial measurement unit and vibration modes reversal, the proposed method does not use mechanical rotation, which requires additional devices, and does not require a reorientation of the vibrating wave, which entails the need to align the parameters of the two measuring channels. The scale factor and bias calibration procedure using this method is the same for any gyroscope of an inertial measurement unit and can be applied to several gyroscopes at the same time. Therefore, the proposed method has great potential for an application not only for small-sized 4-gyro inertial measurement unit based on vibratory gyroscopes but also for multi-gyro inertial measurement unit based on micro-electro-mechanical gyroscopes. Experimentally shown that using the proposed method a gyro requirements mitigation coefficient can be substantially increased and can provide high accuracy for autonomous navigation systems based on low-cost, small-sized, and micro-electro-mechanical gyroscopes.
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Basarab, M. A., B. S. Lunin, E. A. Chumankin, and A. V. Yurin. "Finite-Element Simulation of the Eigen Frequency Spectrum of the Cylindrical Resonator with Geometrical Imperfectness." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Instrument Engineering, no. 3 (132) (September 2020): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3933-2020-3-52-65.
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The solid-state wave gyroscope belongs to the class of the so-called Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes. They are industrially produced, as a rule, in two versions: precise solid-state wave gyroscopes with expensive fused quartz resonators, and devices of low accuracy with metal resonators. The use of metal for the manufacture of a solid-state wave gyroscope resonator for inertial systems of medium and low accuracy can significantly simplify the design of the device and reduce its cost, however, the low-quality factor of the metal resonator and the instability of its dissipative characteristics limit the accuracy characteristics of the solid-state wave gyroscope. The use of high-quality precision fused quartz glass resonators in such solid-state wave gyroscopes is unacceptable because of their high cost. The purpose of the work is to study the characteristics of inexpensive quartz resonators made from industrially produced fused quartz tubes, with the aim of creating a medium-accuracy solid-state wave gyroscope. Using the finite element method, the main types of geometric heterogeneities arising from the production of such resonators and their influence on their spectral characteristics are investigated. The experimental results allow us to draw conclusions about the most significant defects affecting the performance and accuracy of the solid-state wave gyroscopes
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Wu, Junjie, Yufei Sun, Peng Guo, Lihui Feng, Yongbin Zhang, and Youqi Zhang. "Effect of Resonance Interference on MEMS Gyroscopes and Filtering Algorithm Elimination." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2224, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2224/1/012128.
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Abstract The mechanical structure of MEMS gyroscope is a spring-mass-damper system, which is susceptible to interference near the resonant frequency. This work compared the interference effects of mechanical vibrations and high frequency sound waves on MEMS gyroscopes. Three MEMS gyroscopes ADXRS620 were interfered by vibrations and sound waves near the resonant frequency. The error outputs increased linearly with the increase of interference intensity. The maximum error output could reach 88.95 °/s, which seriously affect the normal operation of the gyroscope. The waveforms of gyroscope outputs under acoustic and vibration interference were almost coincident, which showed the similarity of acoustic and vibration interference. However, to produce the same effect on gyroscopes, the power required of vibration interference was much less than that of acoustic interference. Taking one of the gyroscopes for example, when the SPL of acoustic interference was up to 90 dB, the maximum error was only 3.37 °/s. But when the acceleration amplitude of vibration interference reached 0.050 g, the maximum error was 3.42 °/s. In addition, the effectiveness against vibration interference of the filtering algorithm based on orthogonal demodulation was verified by testing the self-developed gyroscope. Vibration interference could be reduced by 98.88% at most.
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Kukhlyvskyi, S. V., V. M. Kupras, and B. M. Bondarenko. "AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT SYSTEM OF THE CURVATURE OF THE RAIL TRACK BASED ON GYRO." Science and Transport Progress, no. 18 (October 25, 2007): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2007/17427.
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Offered automated system of measuring of curvature of railway way on the basis of gyroscope, including with the use of modern laser gyroscopes. It is suggested to use a circular laser gyroscope (СLG), so-called quantum gyroscope created on the basis of laser with a circular resonator, in which on the reserved optical contour electromagnetic head-seas spread simultaneously. To dignities of laser gyroscopes it is necessary to deliver absence of the revolved rotor and bearings creating force of friction foremost, and also high exactness of measuring.
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Li, Song, Xiao Feng He, Mei Ping Wu, and Xiao Ping Hu. "A Mitigation Method for Temperature Error Based on MEMS Gyroscopes Array." Applied Mechanics and Materials 742 (March 2015): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.742.598.
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In order to decrease the temperature error of MEMS gyroscopes, a mitigation method based on gyroscope array was proposed. Angular rate of MEMS gyroscope fluctuates dramatically with the change of gyro temperature when gyroscope starts up. The temperature characteristic error of MEMS gyroscope has become one of the major errors in the practical application. A mitigation method for temperature error was presented based on MEMS gyroscope array utilizing high correlation of temperature errors in the same batch of MEMS gyroscopes. This method was designed to improve environmental adaptability and shorten the startup time of MEMS based inertial measurement unit. Experimental results showed that the method was feasible and effective.
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Lysenko, I. E., M. A. Denisenko, and A. S. Isaeva. "Design and Simulation of the Two-Axis Micromachined Angular Rate Sensor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2086, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012176.
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Abstract Micromechanical inertia sensors - accelerometers, gyroscopes, multisensor modules and systems based on them - are widely used in navigation, for compensation of other instruments (accelerometers, inclinometers) or stabilization (gyroscopes). The paper presents the designed construction of a MEMS angular rate sensor with two sensitivity axes, topology of gyroscope is presented; modal and static analysis is performed using ANSYS CAD; simulation results of micromechanical gyroscope operation under the action of angular velocities using VHDL-AMS are presented.
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Feng, Rui, An Ping Qiu, Qin Shi, and Yan Su. "A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Temperature Dependent Characteristics of Silicon MEMS Gyroscope Drive Mode." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4237.
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The prototype of the silicon micro gyroscope is introduced. Temperature is the key factor that affects the performance of the gyroscope. In this paper, temperature dependent characteristics of silicon micro gyroscope drive mode is analyzed. The theoretical results show that temperature coefficient of the Young’s modulus is the most critical factor that affects temperature characteristics of the silicon micro gyroscope’s drive modal frequency and the frequency is proportional to the temperature. The results are verified by finite element simulations. The silicon micro gyroscopes are experimented in a high accurate thermostat. The drive modal frequency and temperature are measured and sampled. These experimental results show that the temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus is the key factor and the frequency is proportional to the temperature. The theoretic analyses are also validated by the experiments.
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Li, Liliang, Chuan Liu, Yanzhao Zhang, Zhenhua Wang, and Yi Shen. "Gyroscope fault accommodation based on dedicated Kalman filters." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 234, no. 2 (July 8, 2019): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019861188.
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To improve the reliability of the attitude determination system with redundant gyroscopes, this article proposes a gyroscope fault accommodation method using a bank of dedicated Kalman filters. The redundant gyroscopes are divided into several groups and then a dedicated Kalman filter is designed for each group of gyroscopes. The residuals generated by the dedicated Kalman filters indicate the consistency levels between the measurements of the star sensor and the gyroscopes. Based on the estimation results provided by the Kalman filters, a fault accommodation method using online selection strategy is proposed to attenuate the effect of the fault. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Koršunovs, Aleksandrs, Valters Vēciņš, and Vilnis Juris Turkovs. "Distance Sensor and Wheel Encoder Sensor Fusion Method for Gyroscope Calibration." Applied Computer Systems 26, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acss-2021-0009.
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Abstract MEMS gyroscopes are widely used as an alternative to the more expensive industrial IMUs. The instability of the lower cost MEMS gyroscopes creates a large demand for calibration algorithms. This paper provides an overview of existing calibration methods and describes the various types of errors found in gyroscope data. The proposed calibration method for gyroscope constants provides higher accuracy than datasheet constants. Furthermore, we show that using a different constant for each direction provides even higher accuracy.
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YUHARA, TOSHIYA, TATSUYA KUMAGAI, HIROKAZU SOEKAWA, and HIROSHI KAJIOKA. "FIBER-OPTIC GYROSCOPES FOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 05, no. 01 (March 1995): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126695000035.
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We review recent developments in interferometric fiber-optic gyroscopes for automotive applications. These gyroscopes use only elliptical-jacket or elliptical-core polarization-maintaining fibers to make their optical systems immune to environmental effects, and all of them use open-loop phase-modulation signal processing circuitry. We have begun mass-production of a gyroscope for automotive navigation and location systems. Another gyroscope employing an application specific integrated circuit developed for reducing size, cost and power consumption outputs the rotation rate as an analog voltage, and can be used for automotive chassis control and navigation systems. A more accurate gyroscope and a three-axis FOG system combined with clinometers can be applied to motion measurement systems for chassis development and testing. For further enhancement in terms of size, cost, and accuracy, we have developed an integrated optical circuit and a gyroscope that uses it.
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Kononov, Yurii, and Yaroslav Sviatenko. "On the subject of influence of dissipative and constant of moments on the stability of uniform rotations of non-free two elastically connected gyroscopes of Lagrange." Proceedings of the Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics NAS of Ukraine 34 (April 24, 2021): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37069/1683-4720-2020-34-6.
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The conditions for asymptotic stability of uniform rotations in a resisting medium of two heavy Lagrange gyroscopes connected by an elastic spherical hinge are obtained in the form of a system of three inequalities. The bottom gyroscope has a fixed point. The rotation of the gyroscopes is maintained by constant moments in the inertial coordinate system. The influence of the elasticity of the hinge on the stability conditions is estimated. It is shown that for a sufficiently high rigidity of the hinge, the asymptotic stability conditions are determined by only one inequality, which coincides with the inequality obtained for the case of a cylindrical hinge. When the angular velocities of the gyroscopes' own rotations coincide, this inequality coincides with the well--known condition for one gyroscope. Cases of degeneration of an elastic spherical hinge into a spherical inelastic, cylindrical and universal elastic hinge (Hooke's hinge) are considered. For the Hooke hinge, it is shown that there is no asymptotic stability at a sufficiently high angular velocity of gyroscopes rotation.
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Patel, Chandradip, F. Patrick McCluskey, and David Lemus. "Temperature and Humidity Effects on MEMS Vibratory Gyroscope." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (January 1, 2011): 001361–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-wa22.
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MEMS vibratory gyroscopes are increasingly used in applications ranging from consumer electronics to aerospace and are now one of the most common MEMS products after accelerometers. Despite their widespread use, the performance of MEMS gyroscopes in harsh environments is still under question. While some studies have been conducted to understand the temperature dependent performance of MEMS gyroscopes, the effects of sustained exposure to temperature combined with other harsh environment stresses have not been well researched. Thus, it is necessary to quantify MEMS vibratory gyroscope performance under such conditions. This paper will focus on the combined effects of temperature and humidity only. Performance of the MEMS vibratory gyroscope will be evaluated over time at high temperature and high humidity conditions by conducting an aging test on a COTS (commercial of the shelf) single axis MEMS vibratory gyroscope having an operating temperature range from −40°C to 80°C. The gyroscope sensor will be exposed to 60 °C and 90% RH (Relative humidity) for 500 hours. In-situ data will be monitored to track any shifts in device output. Any permanent changes in the output signal will be traced back to their fundamental root cause damage mechanism.
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Qin, Zhengcheng, Yang Gao, Jia Jia, Xukai Ding, Libin Huang, and Hongsheng Li. "The Effect of the Anisotropy of Single Crystal Silicon on the Frequency Split of Vibrating Ring Gyroscopes." Micromachines 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10020126.
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This paper analyzes the effect of the anisotropy of single crystal silicon on the frequency split of the vibrating ring gyroscope, operated in the n = 2 wineglass mode. Firstly, the elastic properties including elastic matrices and orthotropic elasticity values of (100) and (111) silicon wafers were calculated using the direction cosines of transformed coordinate systems. The (111) wafer was found to be in-plane isotropic. Then, the frequency splits of the n = 2 mode ring gyroscopes of two wafers were simulated using the calculated elastic properties. The simulation results show that the frequency split of the (100) ring gyroscope is far larger than that of the (111) ring gyroscope. Finally, experimental verifications were carried out on the micro-gyroscopes fabricated using deep dry silicon on glass technology. The experimental results are sufficiently in agreement with those of the simulation. Although the single crystal silicon is anisotropic, all the results show that compared with the (100) ring gyroscope, the frequency split of the ring gyroscope fabricated using the (111) wafer is less affected by the crystal direction, which demonstrates that the (111) wafer is more suitable for use in silicon ring gyroscopes as it is possible to get a lower frequency split.
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Lian, Jiangkai, Jianhua Li, and Lixin Xu. "The Effect of Displacement Constraints on the Failure of MEMS Tuning Fork Gyroscopes under Shock Impact." Micromachines 10, no. 5 (May 24, 2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10050343.
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Displacement constraints such as stops are widely used in engineering to improve the shock resistance of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) tuning fork gyroscopes. However, in practical applications, it has been found that unexpected breakage can occur on MEMS tuning fork gyroscopes with stops. In this paper, the effects of two displacement constraints on the failure mode of MEMS tuning fork gyroscopes are studied. The MEMS tuning fork gyroscope is simplified to a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) model, then finite element analysis (FEA) is used to study the effects of displacement constraint on the gyroscope. The analysis proves that even if the displacement constraint of direct contact with the weak connecting beam is not established, the equivalent stiffness of the gyroscope can be enhanced by limiting the displacement of the movable mass, thereby improving the shock resistance of the gyroscope. However, under the shock of high-g level, displacement constraint with insufficient spacing will cause multiple collisions of the small-stiffness oscillating frame and lead to an increase in stress. The cause of failure and shock resistance of a MEMS tuning fork gyroscope are verified by the shock test. By comparing the results, we can get a conclusion that is consistent with the theoretical analysis.
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Chen, Wei Ping, Yu Gang Guo, Xiao Liang Chen, Hong Chen, and Zhen Gang Zhao. "Analysis of Temperature Effects on a Fully-Symmetrical Micromachined Gyroscope." Advanced Materials Research 60-61 (January 2009): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.60-61.31.
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This paper researches on the temperature effects of a fully-symmetrical micromachined gyroscope. The Young’s modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of silicon vary with the environment temperature, which affects the modes’ resonant frequencies of micromachined gyroscopes. The effects of temperature fluctuation on the modes’ resonant frequencies is simulated by the FEM software ANSYS. The simulation results show that the fully-symmetrical gyroscope’s resonance frequencies decrease with the increase of temperature and the decrease degree nearly 0.256Hz/°C, but the two modes’ resonance frequencies matches well. The micromachined gyroscope’s dynamic characteristics are tested. The resonant frequencies and the quality factor are reduced with the increase of temperature and the decrease degree of the fit linear about the resonant frequencies is 0.276 Hz/°C. The test results are in good accordance with the simulation results.
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Haider Ali Muse, Al-Sudani. "Principles of constructing gyroscopes based on photonic crystal (band-gap) fibers." Radiotekhnika, no. 205 (July 2, 2021): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2021.2.205.10.
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The gyroscope is a device that makes it possible to measure the change in the orientation angles associated rotation of the body relative to an inertial coordinate system. Photonic crystal fiber gyroscopes are a kind of optical gyroscopes that offer many new features beyond that conventional fiber optic gyroscopes can offer. In any case, the properties of the optical fiber can play a large role in determining the characteristics of the gyroscope. The principle of operation of most optical gyroscopes is based on the Sagnac effect or the Sagnac interferometer, the essence of which is as follows. If two light waves propagate in a closed optical circuit in opposite directions, then in the case of an immovable circuit, the phase incursions of both waves that have passed the entire circuit in opposite directions will be the same. When the contour rotates around an axis normal to the contour plane, the phase incursions of the waves become unequal, and their difference in the general case will be proportional to the angular velocity of the contour rotation, the area covered by the contour, and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave (EMW). Since the area and frequency of the EMW remain unchanged during the operation of the gyroscope, the phase shift will be proportional only to the angular velocity. The use of photonic crystal fiber to increase the sensitivity is very promising; it significantly reduces the drift through thermal polarization, resistance, and the Kerr effect. This article suggests the use of photonic-crystal (hollow-core) fiber in optical gyroscope instead of conventional fibers.
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Saraporn, C., T. Dolwichai, J. Srisertpol, and K. Teeka. "Signal Conditioning of Low-Cost Gyroscope Using Kalman Filter and Nonlinear Least Square Method." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1519.
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Gyroscopes are important sensors in motion control in equipment such as airplanes, missiles and Segway. Low-cost gyroscopes have problems in signals such as bias, noise and scaling factor that decrease the efficiency of motion control. Therefore this paper is to present signal conditioning of low-cost gyroscopes using a Kalman filter to remove unwanted noise and nonlinear least square method to estimate parameters for compensation errors to the model by comparison with the encoder. The experimental results is shown that Kalman filter and nonlinear least square method can be used in signal conditioning of low-cost gyroscope for a more accurate signal.
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MOJAHEDI, M., M. T. AHMADIAN, and K. FIROOZBAKHSH. "EFFECTS OF CASIMIR AND VAN DER WAALS FORCES ON THE PULL-IN INSTABILITY OF THE NONLINEAR MICRO AND NANO-BRIDGE GYROSCOPES." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 14, no. 02 (January 5, 2014): 1350059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455413500594.
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The influence of Casimir and van der Waals forces on the instability of vibratory micro and nano-bridge gyroscopes with proof mass attached to its midpoint is studied. The gyroscope subjected to the base rotation, Casimir and van der Waals attractions is actuated and detected by electrostatic methods. The system has two coupled bending motions actuated by the electrostatic and Coriolis forces. First a system of nonlinear equations for the flexural-flexural deflection of beam gyroscopes is derived using the extended Hamilton's principle. In modeling, the nonlinearities due to mid-plane stretching, electrostatic forces, including fringing field, Casimir and van der Waals attractions, are considered. The method of homotopy perturbation is used to solve the equations of equilibrium, with the solution validated by numerical methods. In addition, the effect of nondimensional parameters on the instability and deflection of the gyroscope is investigated. The data presented can be used in the design of vibratory micro/nano gyroscopes.
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Patel, Chandradip, and Patrick McCluskey. "Performance of MEMS Vibratory Gyroscope under Harsh Environments." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, DPC (January 1, 2012): 000633–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2012dpc-ta34.
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Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscope is a sensor that measures the rate of change in an angular position of an object. MEMS vibratory gyroscopes are increasingly used in applications ranging from consumer electronics to aerospace and are now one of the most common MEMS products after accelerometers.With advances in fabrication technologies, the low-cost MEMS gyroscope has opened up a wide variety of applications with environmental conditions ranging from medium to harsh. Despite their widespread use, the performance of MEMS gyroscopes in harsh environments is still under question. While some studies have been conducted to understand the effects of high mechanical shock, high frequency vibration and high frequency acoustic environment on the MEMS gyroscopes,the effects of sustained exposure to temperature combined withother harsh environment stresseshave not been well researched.Thus, it is necessary to quantify MEMS vibratory gyroscope performance under such conditions.This research reviews current harsh environment studies anddemonstrates the effects of an elevated temperature and sustained exposure to temperature combined humidity on the MEMS vibratory gyroscope. In order to quantify such effects, several tests have been performed. A short-term temperature effect on MEMS gyroscope was examined through temperature characterization test forfive thermal cycles at wider temperature ranges. A long-term temperature effect on the MEMS gyroscope was inspected through 500 thermal cycles; while, combined effects of temperature and humidity was studied through temperature humidity bias(THB) test and highly accelerated stress test (HAST).
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Zhou, Xuan, Chi Min Zhang, Tian Xu, Yi Xin Sun, and Jian Fu. "Design and Build of a Nine-Axis Digital Output Gyroscope-Based Percutaneous Puncture Ultrasonic Navigation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.111.
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In this work we reported the design and build of a nine-axis digital output gyroscope-based percutaneous puncture ultrasonic navigation system. The proposed system includes three types of sensing elements: three-axis gyroscopes, three-axis accelerometers and three-axis magneto-resistivemagnetometers. Gyroscopes are used to measure the absolute angular rate of the carrier. Theaccelerometers are used to determine the initial attitude of system and to correct for gyroscope drift in the tilt angles (pitch, roll) determination. The magnetometers are used to determine the initial alignment in heading and to correct for gyroscope drift in the heading. The nine-axis digital output gyroscope combined with ultrasound probe can accurately collect triaxial angle changes of the ultrasound probe, Then guide the orientation of the puncture needle in the ultrasonic navigationpercutaneous puncture. The system can increase puncture accuracy.
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Youssef, Ahmed A., and Naser El-Sheimy. "Particle Imaging Velocimetry Gyroscope." Sensors 19, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 4734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214734.
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Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are typically classified as per the performance of the gyroscopes within each system. Consequently, it is critical for a system to have a low bias instability to have better performance. Nonetheless, there is no IMU available commercially that does not actually suffer from bias-instability, even for the navigation grade IMUs. This paper introduces the proposition of a novel fluid-based gyroscope, which is referred to hereafter as a particle imaging velocimetry gyroscope (PIVG). The main advantages of the PIVG include being nearly drift-free, a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in comparison to commercially available high-end gyroscopes, and its low cost.
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Si, Chao Wei, Guo Wei Han, Jin Ning, Wei Wei Zhong, and F. H. Yang. "Quality Factor Optimization Techniques for MEMS Gyroscopes of Frame Structures." Advanced Materials Research 590 (November 2012): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.590.173.
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MEMS gyroscopes of frame structures are capable of isolating the quadrature error between the drive motion and the sense motion, which is often utilized in current gyroscope design. But quality factors of previous reported gyroscopes of frame structure are hardly over 1000, which are far more less than that of gyroscopes manufactured before with only one mass block for sensing and driving. Although the effectiveness of isolating quadrature errors is proved, the sensitivity is decreased as well as the power consumption is increased for higher drive voltage. Reasons why MEMS gyroscopes of frame structure has low quality factors is pointed out here with a method of anchor loss mechanism, and the energy dissipation is modeled with a 2 degree of vibration system, which tells the relationship between the mass ratio of the inner mass and the outer frame and the spring factor ratio for supporting masses, and the quality factor assess techniques is proposed here. Therefore the admissible parameters of the mass ratio and the spring factor ratio are given, which makes MEMS gyroscopes of frame structures have advantages of quadrature error isolation as well as high sensitivity. In the end, gyroscopes with optimized parameters and reported parameters are manufactured on SOI wafer, and variations of the quality factors as expected proves the rationality of the proposed energy dissipation model in this paper. For Process limitations, quality factors of gyroscopes of frame structures are improved lower than expected, but far more improved than previous reported gyroscopes, and better results should be realized in more mature and stabilized process.
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Yicun, Xie, Jiang Qiang, Wu Yao, Shen Zhiqiang, Liu Chuang, Li Dong, Liu Kexin, and Li Xinying. "Design and Application of Micro-vibration Test Platform for Control Moment Gyroscope of Space Station." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2784, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2784/1/012024.
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Abstract In order to obtain the disturbance force and torque of large control moment gyroscopes used in China space station, a calculation method of the resultant force and moment at the product center of mass was studied. A disturbance force testing system for large control moment gyroscopes was designed, and structural modal testing and disturbance force and torque testing were carried out on the rigid installation and isolator installation states of the control moment gyroscopes. By analyzing the root mean square values of disturbance force and torque, as well as the isolation efficiency at the operating frequency of the control torque gyroscope, it can be concluded that the isolator has a good isolation effect.
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Kaewkannate, Kanitthika, Gyucheol Han, Sung Min Kim, and Soochan Kim. "The Characteristic Comparison of the Accelerometer and the Gyroscope Using the Pendulum Model of Body Sway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.406.
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The accelerometer and gyroscope are used to identify the postural control disease as regards to the posturographic or sway analysis. For example, a gyroscope attached on the waist or head provides the several information such as sway area, sway velocity and others. However, prevalent methods did not describe the optimal position or reliable sensor for analysis. The purpose of this study is to observe and compare characteristics of accelerometers and gyroscopes according to attached positions because it can give the different results. We are assuming a pendulum model when the body sway, the 3-axis calibrated sensor accelerometer and gyroscope were attached on the different positions. From the experimental results, we have confirmed that the reliability of the accelerometers is depends on the position of the pendulum model contrast for the gyroscopes.
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Shalymov, E. V., T. M. Akhmadiev, and V. B. Davydov. "Application of PT-symmetry properties to increase the limiting sensitivity of resonator optical gyroscopes." Quantum Electronics 52, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel18020.
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Abstract We propose and describe the use of a system with PT-symmetry properties in resonator optical gyroscopes. It is shown that this makes it possible to increase the limiting sensitivity and does not introduce disadvantages typical of PT-symmetric laser gyroscopes. In the example considered in the paper, the inclusion of a system with PT-symmetry properties in the composition of a resonator optical gyroscope allows one to increase the limiting sensitivity by a factor of 750.
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Filatov, Yurii V., Daniil G. Gilev, Polina S. Goncharova, Victor V. Krishtop, Alexander S. Kukaev, Konstantin A. Ovchinnikov, Alexander A. Sevryugin, Egor V. Shalymov, and Vladimir Yu Venediktov. "Experimental Investigation of an Optical Resonator Gyroscope with a Mach–Zehnder Modulator and Its Sensitive Elements." Photonics 10, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10010004.
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Today, the task of developing microoptical gyroscopes is topical. Usually, tunable lasers with a built-in frequency stabilization system are used in such gyroscopes. They are comparatively bulky, which hinders the real miniaturization of optical gyroscopes. We propose a new approach implemented by using a Mach–Zehnder modulator with a passive ring resonator connected to one of its arms. This makes it possible to obtain a mutual configuration and makes the use of a tunable laser optional. Two ring resonators made of the polarization-maintaining fiber, suitable for use as sensitive elements of a gyroscope, were realized and investigated. Their Q-factor is equal to 14.5 × 106 and 28.9 × 106. The maximum sensitivity of the proposed method when using the described resonators is 3.2 and 1.8 °/h, respectively. The first experimental setup of a resonator gyroscope implementing this approach has been manufactured and analyzed. When measuring the rotation speed by the quasi-harmonic signal span and its phase, the measurement accuracy was approximately 11 and 0.4 °/s, respectively.
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Gill, Waqas Amin, Ian Howard, Ilyas Mazhar, and Kristoffer McKee. "A Review of MEMS Vibrating Gyroscopes and Their Reliability Issues in Harsh Environments." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 7405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197405.
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Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) vibrating gyroscopes have gained a lot of attention over the last two decades because of their low power consumption, easy integration, and low fabrication cost. The usage of the gyroscope equipped with an inertial measurement unit has increased tremendously, with applications ranging from household devices to smart electronics to military equipment. However, reliability issues are still a concern when operating this inertial sensor in harsh environments, such as to control the movement and alignment of mini-satellites in space, tracking firefighters at an elevated temperature, and assisting aircraft navigation in gusty turbulent air. This review paper focuses on the key fundamentals of the MEMS vibrating gyroscopes, first discussing popular designs including the tuning fork, gimbal, vibrating ring, and multi-axis gyroscopes. It further investigates how bias stability, angle random walk, scale factor, and other performance parameters are affected in harsh environments and then discusses the reliability issues of the gyroscopes.
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DAVIES, NATHAN, HUY VU, ANTONIO PALACIOS, VISARATH IN, and PATRICK LONGHINI. "COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR OF A COUPLED GYROSCOPE SYSTEM WITH COUPLING ALONG THE DRIVING- AND SENSING-MODES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 23, no. 01 (January 2013): 1350006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127413500065.
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A critical component of many Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) is the gyroscope — a device used for detecting rotation rates and orientation. Gyroscopes are subject to material imperfections and manufacturing defects, potentially reducing their ability to detect signals and to minimize phase drift. This manuscript explores the idea of performance enhancement by combining the input–output response of an ensemble of gyroscopes coupled bidirectionally, through the driving- and sensing-modes, in a ring fashion. Numerical simulations and bifurcation analysis via perturbation methods show the existence of a stable synchronization state in which all gyroscopes vibrate with the same phase and amplitude. In this state, the sum output of the sensing modes is significantly larger than any individual sensing mode, which leads to significant reductions in phase drift caused by material imperfections, fabrication variations, and system noise. Similarities and differences with respect to a system of gyroscopes coupled only along the driving-axis are discussed in great detail as well.
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Podchezertsev, V. P., and D. D. Nguyen. "Increasing the Dynamic Accuracy of a Gyroscope with Internal Elastic Gimbal in the Angular Rate Sensor Mode." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Instrument Engineering, no. 4 (137) (December 2021): 188–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3933-2021-4-188-207.
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Orientation and navigation systems increasingly use gyroscopes with internal elastic gimbal, due to their advantages in comparison with traditional gyroscopes: small mass-size characteristics, absence of dry friction, high enough accuracy. It is necessary to research not only static but also dynamic characteristics of gyroscope as an important link of this automatic control system, in order to ensure the functionality and to get the best characteristics of gyroscope systems in the process of operation. All this requires a detailed study of design and technological factors influence on the dynamic accuracy of the gyroscope, as well as the system as a whole. The paper deals with two-component angular rate sensor based on a gyroscope with an internal elastic gimbal. The design and technological factors determining the dynamic accuracy of this type of gyroscope are investigated. The numerical evaluation of each considered factor influence on the accuracy of the two-component device is given. A variant of compensation of the angle sensors inaccuracy influence and torque sensors influence on the dynamic accuracy of gyroscope is proposed and its efficiency is numerically evaluated
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Baranov, Pavel, Tamara Nesterenko, Evgenii Barbin, Aleksej Koleda, Shuji Tanaka, Takashiro Tsukamoto, Ivan Kulinich, Dmitry Zykov, and Alexander Shelupanov. "A novel multiple-axis MEMS gyroscope-accelerometer with decoupling frames." Sensor Review 39, no. 5 (September 16, 2019): 670–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-05-2018-0133.
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Purpose Technological capabilities of manufacturing microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes are still insufficient if compared to manufacturing high-efficient gyroscopes and accelerometers. This creates weaknesses in their mechanical structure and restrictions in the measurement accuracy, stability and reliability of MEMS gyroscopes and accelerometers. This paper aims to develop a new architectural solutions for optimization of MEMS gyroscopes and accelerometers and propose a multi-axis MEMS inertial module combining the functions of gyroscope and accelerometer. Design/methodology/approach The finite element modeling (FEM) and the modal analysis in FEM are used for sensing, drive and control electrode capacitances of the multi-axis MEMS inertial module with the proposed new architecture. The description is given to its step-by-step process of manufacturing. Algorithms are developed to detect its angular rates and linear acceleration along three Cartesian axes. Findings Experimental results are obtained for eigenfrequencies and capacitances of sensing, drive and control electrodes for 50 manufactured prototypes of the silicon electromechanical sensor (SES). For 42 SES prototypes, a good match is observed between the calculated and simulated capacitance values of comb electrodes. Thus, the mean-square deviation is not over 20 per cent. The maximum difference between the calculated and simulated eigenfrequencies in the drive channel of 11 SES prototypes is not over 3 per cent. The same difference is detected for eigenfrequencies in the first sensing channel of 17 SES prototypes. Originality/value This study shows a way to design and optimize the structure and theoretical background for the development of the MEMS inertial module combining the functions of gyroscope and accelerometer. The obtained results will improve and expand the manufacturing technology of MEMS gyroscopes and accelerometers.
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Li, Yan, Yuanyuan Qu, Yunjiu Zhang, and Qingling Li. "Dynamic characteristics of resonant vibratory gyroscopes based on the damped Mathieu equation." Sensor Review 37, no. 4 (September 18, 2017): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-05-2017-0081.
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Purpose This paper aims to develop resonant vibratory gyroscopes for high sensitive detection. The dynamic characteristics of resonant vibratory gyroscopes are investigated. Design/methodology/approach Firstly, the working principle and the dynamic output characteristics of the resonant vibratory gyroscope could be described by the damped Mathieu equation. Moreover, an approximate analytical method based on the small parameter perturbation has been used for the purpose of investigating the approximate solution of the damped Mathieu equation. Finally, to verify the feasibility of the approximate analytical method of the damped Mathieu equation, dynamic output characteristics’ experiments of the resonant vibratory gyroscope are built. Findings The theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the approximate solution of the damped Mathieu equation is close to the dynamic output characteristics of the resonant vibratory gyroscope. On the other hand, it is concluded from the tested result that there exists a correlation between the theoretical curve and the experimental data processing result, meaning the damped dynamics analytical method is effective in building resonant vibratory gyroscopes. Originality/value This paper seeks to establish a foundation for optimizing and testing the performance of the resonant vibratory gyroscope. To this end, the approximate analytical method of the damped Mathieu equation was discussed. The result of this research has proved that the dynamic characteristics based on the damped Mathieu equation is an effective approach and is instructional in the practical resonant sensor design.
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Ge, Fei, Liye Zhao, and Yang Zhang. "Design and Optimization of a Novel SAW Gyroscope Structure Based on Amplitude Modulation with 1-D Phononic Crystals." Micromachines 12, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121485.
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Surface acoustic wave gyroscopes (SAWGs), as a kind of all-solid-state micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes, can work normally under extremely high-impact environmental conditions. Among the current SAWGs, amplitude-modulated gyroscopes (AMGs) are all based on the same gyro effect, which was proved weak, and their sensitivity and intensity of the output are both lower than frequency-modulated gyroscopes (FMGs). However, because FMGs need to process a series of frequency signals, their signal processing and circuits are far less straightforward and simple than AMGs. In order to own both high-sensitivity and simple signal processing, a novel surface acoustic traveling wave gyroscope based on amplitude modulation is proposed, using one-dimensional phononic crystals (PCs) in this paper. In view of its specific structure, the proposed gyroscope consists of a surface acoustic wave oscillator and a surface acoustic wave delay line within a one-dimensional phononic crystal with a high-Q defect mode. In this paper, the working principle is analyzed theoretically through the partial wave method (PWM), and the gyroscopes with different numbers of PCs are also designed and studied by using the finite element method (FEM) and multiphysics simulation. The research results demonstrate that under a 1 V oscillator voltage output, the higher sensitivity of −23.1 mV·(rad/s)−1 in the linear range from −8 rad/s to 8 rad/s is reached when the gyro with three PC walls, and the wider linear range from −15 rad/s to 17.5 rad/s with the sensitivity of −6.7 mV·(rad/s)−1 with only one PC wall. Compared with the existing AMGs using metal dots to enhance the gyro effect, the sensitivity of the proposed gyro is increased by 15 to 112 times, and the linear range is increased by 4.6 to 186 times, even without the enhancement of the metal dots.
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Hyyti, Heikki, and Arto Visala. "A DCM Based Attitude Estimation Algorithm for Low-Cost MEMS IMUs." International Journal of Navigation and Observation 2015 (November 30, 2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/503814.
Full textAbstract:
An attitude estimation algorithm is developed using an adaptive extended Kalman filter for low-cost microelectromechanical-system (MEMS) triaxial accelerometers and gyroscopes, that is, inertial measurement units (IMUs). Although these MEMS sensors are relatively cheap, they give more inaccurate measurements than conventional high-quality gyroscopes and accelerometers. To be able to use these low-cost MEMS sensors with precision in all situations, a novel attitude estimation algorithm is proposed for fusing triaxial gyroscope and accelerometer measurements. An extended Kalman filter is implemented to estimate attitude in direction cosine matrix (DCM) formation and to calibrate gyroscope biases online. We use a variable measurement covariance for acceleration measurements to ensure robustness against temporary nongravitational accelerations, which usually induce errors when estimating attitude with ordinary algorithms. The proposed algorithm enables accurate gyroscope online calibration by using only a triaxial gyroscope and accelerometer. It outperforms comparable state-of-the-art algorithms in those cases when there are either biases in the gyroscope measurements or large temporary nongravitational accelerations present. A low-cost, temperature-based calibration method is also discussed for initially calibrating gyroscope and acceleration sensors. An open source implementation of the algorithm is also available.
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Mahmoudian, Mehrdad, Joel Filho, Rui Melicio, Eduardo Rodrigues, Mojgan Ghanbari, and Paulo Gordo. "Three-Dimensional Performance Evaluation of Hemispherical Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020254.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, the oscillation patterns and characteristics of gyroscopic reaction to rotation-induced Coriolis force and phase relations are reviewed by examining the main principles of operation of Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes based on the dynamic relations and proposed improvements in performance using parameter changes. Coriolis vibratory gyroscopes (CVGs) are among the most modern applicable gyroscopes in position detection that have replaced traditional gyroscopes due to some great features of the design of vibrating proof mass and elastic suspension. Given the key characteristics of capacitive versus piezoelectric excitation technologies for determining the vibration type in sensors, their operating principles and equations have completely changed. Therefore, two-dimensional finite element analysis is required to evaluate their optimal performance. Since the sensor space is constantly vibrating, a general equation is presented in this paper to explain the impact of parameters on the frequency of different operating modes. The main purposes of building vibrating gyroscopes are replacing the constant spinning of the rotor with a vibrating structure and utilizing the Coriolis effect, based on which the secondary motion of the sensitive object is generated according to the external angular velocity.
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Matveev, V. V., I. A. Behler, E. I. Ponitkov, and M. G. Pogorelov. "Methods for Assessing the Accuracy of Video Camera Gyroscopic Stabilization Systems on a Moving Object." Devices and Methods of Measurements 15, no. 1 (April 12, 2024): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2024-15-1-3039.
Full textAbstract:
Video camera, are installed on platforms of gyroscopic stabilization systems in order to improve the quality of visual information and provide the required orientation of the optical axis. The goal of the work was to develop a mathematical description that allows evaluating accuracy of gyroscopic stabilization systems for a video camera on a moving object, built on micromechanical sensors for primary information. A biaxial system for gyroscopic stabilization of a video camera on a moving object is considered. A mathematical description of the channel of the stabilization system with control over angle and angular velocity is given. Measuring the angle of deviation of the platform from the horizontal plane and its angular velocity is provided by micromechanical accelerometers and gyroscopes, respectively. Physical nature of the synchronous errors' occurrence in the stabilization system during angular vibrations of a moving object is explained. An assessment of the synchronous error of the stabilization system when the object oscillates with a frequency of 30 Hz is given. An analytical relationship is presented for estimating of the stabilization system errors is caused by random errors of gyroscopes and accelerometers. It is shown that if the platform is stabilized only by gyroscope signals containing random errors such as white noise in the measurements, this will lead to the platform drifting with a standard deviation proportional to the square root of time. In this case, the constant disturbing moment is not processed. A mathematical description of the “blurring” of the video camera image during platform vibrations caused by random errors in inertial sensors is given. Effect of image blur for various platform oscillation parameters is illustrated.