Journal articles: 'H.264/AVC video compression'

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Sharabayko, M. P., and N. G. Markov. "H.264/AVC Video Compression on Smartphones." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 803 (January 2017): 012141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/803/1/012141.

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Sun, Y., Y. Zhou, S. Sun, Z. Feng, and Z. He. "Incremental rate control for H.264/AVC video compression." IET Image Processing 3, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2009.0037.

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Roszkowski, Mikołaj, Andrzej Abramowski, Michał Wieczorek, and Grzegorz Pastuszak. "Architecture Design of The Hardware H.264/AVC Video Decoder." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-010-0039-7.

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Architecture Design of The Hardware H.264/AVC Video DecoderThe need for real-time video compression systems requires a particular design methodology to achieve high troughput devices. The paper describes the architecture of the H.264/AVC decoder able to support SDTV and HDTV resolutions. The design applies many optimization techniques to reduce the resource consumption and maximize the throughput. The archietcture is verified with the software reference model JM16 and synhesized for FPGA technology. The maximal working frequency is 100 MHz for Stratix II devices.

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Sullivan, G. J., and T. Wiegand. "Video Compression - From Concepts to the H.264/AVC Standard." Proceedings of the IEEE 93, no. 1 (January 2005): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2004.839617.

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Rad, Farhad, and Ali Broumandnia. "An Efficient Implementation of the Entire Transforms in the H.264/AVC Encoder using VHDL." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 2, no. 3 (November 1, 2013): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v2.i3.pp116-121.

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The H.264/AVC standard achieves remarkable higher compression performance than the previous MPEG and H.26X standards. One of the computationally intensive units in the MPEG and H.26X video coding families is the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). In this paper, we propose an efficient implementation of the DCT, inverse DCTs and the Hadamard transforms in the H.264/AVC encoder using VHDL. The synthesis results indicate that our implementation of the entire transforms achieves lower power, delay and area consumption compared to the existing architectures in the H.264/AVC encoder.

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Sowmyayani, S., and P. Arockia Jansi Rani. "An Efficient Temporal Redundancy Transformation for Wavelet Based Video Compression." International Journal of Image and Graphics 16, no. 03 (July 2016): 1650015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467816500157.

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The objective of this work is to propose a novel idea of transforming temporal redundancies present in videos. Initially, the frames are divided into sub-blocks. Then, the temporally redundant blocks are grouped together thus generating new frames with spatially redundant temporal data. The transformed frames are given to compression in the wavelet domain. This new approach greatly reduces the computational time. The reason is that the existing video codecs use block matching methods for motion estimation which is a time consuming process. The proposed method avoids the use of block matching method. The existing H.264/AVC takes approximately one hour to compress a video file where as the proposed method takes only one minute for the same task. The experimental results substantially proved that the proposed method performs better than the existing H.264/AVC standard in terms of time, compression ratio and PSNR.

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Milicevic, Zoran, and Zoran Bojkovic. "An approach to selective intra coding and early inter skip prediction in H.264/AVC standard." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 21, no. 1 (2008): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0801107m.

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This paper presents selective intra coding and early inter skip fast mode decision algorithm for H.264/AVC and compares performance of H.264/AVC with prior standards. Video coding standard H.264/AVC provides gains in compression efficiency of up to 50% over a wide range of bit rates and video resolutions compared to previous standards. In order to achieve this, a robust rate-distortion optimization (RDO) technique is employed to select best coding mode and reference frame for each macroblock. Also, the original and modification test models are compared for combined skip and intra prediction method in H.264/AVC encoder, when ? pictures are analyzed. Experimental results show that the coding time is reduced by 35-42% through early identification of macroblocks that are likely to be skipped during the coding process and through reducing the number of candidate modes. .

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A. Suthar, Haresh. "VHDL Implementation of H.264 Video Coding Standard." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 1, no. 3 (November 1, 2012): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v1.i3.pp95-102.

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<p>This Paper contains VHDL implementation of H.264 video coding standard, which is new video coding standard of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group. The main goal of the H.264/AVC standardization effort is to enhance compression performance and provision of a “network-friendly” video representation addressing “conversational” (video telephony) and “no conversational” (storage, broadcast, or streaming) applications.H.264 video coder standard is having fundamental blocks like transform and quantization, Intra prediction, Inter prediction and Context Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC). Each block is designed and integrated to one top module in VHDL.</p>

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Yan, Tao, Xiao Xiong Zhou, Wen Ting Luo, Ze Liang Liu, and Pan Dong Zhang. "Multi-View Video Coding Based on Video Correction." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 3714–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3714.

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In order to enables the video to be displayed on a multitude of different terminals, Multi-view video coding (MVC) demands high compression rates as well as view scalability. A new the inter-view prediction structure with flexibility, MVC compatibility and view scalability is proposed. The proposed scheme first correct views. It then uses the position of the cameras and the relation of inter-views to divide all views into base view and enhancement views. Finally, the views quire by the viewers use scalable Multi-view Video Coding (SMVC). The main bitstream is the same as a H.264/AVC mono-sequence bitstream for H.264/AVC compatibility. The auxiliary bitstream come from enhancement views coding. We proposed SMVC scheme is tested with two Multi-view sequences to determine its flexibly view scalability, high coding efficiency and random access performance.

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Indoonundon, Deevya, Tulsi Pawan Fowdur, and Sunjiv Soyjaudah. "A Concealment Aware UEP scheme for H.264 using RS Codes." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2017): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp671-681.

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<p>H.264/AVC is currently the most widely adopted video coding standard due to its high compression capability and flexibility. However, compressed videos are highly vulnerable to channel errors which may result in severe quality degradation of a video. This paper presents a concealment aware Unequal Error Protection (UEP) scheme for H.264 video compression using Reed Solomon (RS) codes. The proposed UEP technique assigns a code rate to each Macroblock (MB) based on the type of concealment and a Concealment Dependent Index (CDI). Two interleaving techniques, namely Frame Level Interleaving (FLI) and Group Level Interleaving (GLI) have also been employed. Finally, prioritised concealment is applied in cases where error correction is beyond the capability of the RS decoder. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed framework provides an average gain of 2.96 dB over a scheme that used Equal Error Protection (EEP).</p>

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Puri, Atul, Xuemin Chen, and Ajay Luthra. "Video coding using the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression standard." Signal Processing: Image Communication 19, no. 9 (October 2004): 793–849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2004.06.003.

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Madine, Faride, Mohammad Ali Akhaee, and Nematollah Zarmehi. "A multiplicative video watermarking robust to H.264/AVC compression standard." Signal Processing: Image Communication 68 (October 2018): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2018.06.015.

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Li, Chen, Yi Yang, Kai Liu, and Lihua Tian. "A Semi-Fragile Video Watermarking Algorithm Based on H.264/AVC." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (June 20, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8848553.

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With the increasing application of advanced video coding (H.264/AVC) in the multimedia field, a great significance to research in video watermarking based on this video compression standard has been established. We propose a semifragile video watermarking algorithm, which can simultaneously implement frame attack and video tamper detection, herein. In this paper, the frame number is selected as the watermark information, and the relationship of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) nonzero coefficients is used as the authentication code. The 4×4 subblocks, whose DCT nonzero coefficients are sufficiently complex, are selected to embed the watermark. The parities of these nonzero coefficients in the medium frequency are modulated to embed watermarks. The experimental results show that the visual quality of the embedded watermarked video is virtually unaffected, and the algorithm exhibits good robustness. Furthermore, the algorithm can correctly implement frame attack and video tamper detection.

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Zhang, Xing Hui. "An Efficient Motion Estimation Algorithm for H.264/AVC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.997.

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The efficient motion estimation algorithms are the important research hotspot in the real-time video coding-decoding technology. This paper proposes a novel and simple fast motion estimation algorithm based on adaptive search-pattern. The new algorithm includes three schemes: stationary block prediction, predictive search for non-stationary blocks, choosing a starting point and adaptive refinement search in merging process. Experiments show that the efficient motion estimation algorithm proposed can further reduce the computations of block-matching while improve the compression effect.

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Boulakradeche, Mohamed, and Samy Ait Aoudia. "Towards a real-time video compression based on MPEG4 AVC/H.264." International Journal of Computational Vision and Robotics 2, no. 1 (2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcvr.2011.039355.

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Flierl, M., and B. Girod. "Generalized B pictures and the draft H.264/AVC video-compression standard." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 13, no. 7 (July 2003): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2003.814963.

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FAN, Y., J. WANG, T. IKENAGA, Y. TSUNOO, and S. GOTO. "An Unequal Secure Encryption Scheme for H.264/AVC Video Compression Standard." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E91-A, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietfec/e91-a.1.12.

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Jiang, Xinghao, Tanfeng Sun, Yue Zhou, Wan Wang, and Yun-Qing Shi. "A Robust H.264/AVC Video Watermarking Scheme with Drift Compensation." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/802347.

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A robust H.264/AVC video watermarking scheme for copyright protection with self-adaptive drift compensation is proposed. In our scheme, motion vector residuals of macroblocks with the smallest partition size are selected to hide copyright information in order to hold visual impact and distortion drift to a minimum. Drift compensation is also implemented to reduce the influence of watermark to the most extent. Besides, discrete cosine transform (DCT) with energy compact property is applied to the motion vector residual group, which can ensure robustness against intentional attacks. According to the experimental results, this scheme gains excellent imperceptibility and low bit-rate increase. Malicious attacks with different quantization parameters (QPs) or motion estimation algorithms can be resisted efficiently, with 80% accuracy on average after lossy compression.

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Yang, Xiao Yuan, Li Yi Zhao, and Ke Niu. "An Efficient Video Steganography Algorithm Based on Sub-Macroblock Partition for H.264/AVC." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 5384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5384.

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In this paper, a simple video steganography algorithm based on the tree structured motion compensation of the H.264 video compression standard is proposed. In the proposed method, the head data of macroblock in P/B-frames was used as a cover, the 8x8 partition modes which represent the detailed areas are selected, and information hiding is implemented by modifying the partition modes of the sub-macroblock. Experiments are designed to prove the feasibility of the proposed scheme by using different kinds of test videos. Simulation results show that, in our scheme, a high data hiding rate is obtained with a little increase on bit rate, and it also has the characteristics of high computational efficiency and imperceptibility.

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ZARGARI, FARZAD, and SEDIGHE GHORBANI. "FAST CALCULATION OF 8 × 8 INTEGER DCT IN THE SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF H.264/AVC." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 05 (May 8, 2014): 1450069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500698.

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In order to achieve higher compression performance the fidelity range extension (FRExt) amendment was added to the H.264 advanced video coding (AVC) standard. It uses both 4 × 4 and 8 × 8 integer discrete cosine transform (DCT) adaptively in the high profiles. This led to additional complexity of the initial version of the H.264/AVC encoder which had substantially high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm which reduces the computational complexity for software implementation of horizontal 8 × 8 integer DCT by more than 25%. Simulation results indicate 22% reduction in the computation time by using the proposed algorithm.

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Li, Xiao Ni, He Xin Chen, and Da Zhong Wang. "Research on Audio-Video Synchronization Coding Based on Mode Selection in H.264." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.701.

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An embedded audio-video synchronization compression coding approach is presented. The proposed method takes advantage of the different mode types used by the H.264 encoder during the inter prediction stage, different modes carry corresponding audio information, and the audio will be embedded into video stream by choosing modes during the inter prediction stage, then synchronization coding is applied to the mixing video and audio. We have verified the synchronization processing method based on H.264/AVC using JM Model and experimental results show that this method has achieved synchronization between audio and video at small embedded cost, and the same time, audio signal can be extracted without distortion, besides, this method has hardly effect on the quality of video image.

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Van der Auwera, Geert, Prasanth T. David, Martin Reisslein, and Lina J. Karam. "Traffic and Quality Characterization of the H.264/AVC Scalable Video Coding Extension." Advances in Multimedia 2008 (2008): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/164027.

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The recent scalable video coding (SVC) extension to the H.264/AVC video coding standard has unprecedented compression efficiency while supporting a wide range of scalability modes, including temporal, spatial, and quality (SNR) scalability, as well as combined spatiotemporal SNR scalability. The traffic characteristics, especially the bit rate variabilities, of the individual layer streams critically affect their network transport. We study the SVC traffic statistics, including the bit rate distortion and bit rate variability distortion, with long CIF resolution video sequences and compare them with the corresponding MPEG-4 Part 2 traffic statistics. We consider (i) temporal scalability with three temporal layers, (ii) spatial scalability with a QCIF base layer and a CIF enhancement layer, as well as (iii) quality scalability modes FGS and MGS. We find that the significant improvement in RD efficiency of SVC is accompanied by substantially higher traffic variabilities as compared to the equivalent MPEG-4 Part 2 streams. We find that separately analyzing the traffic of temporal-scalability only encodings gives reasonable estimates of the traffic statistics of the temporal layers embedded in combined spatiotemporal encodings and in the base layer of combined FGS-temporal encodings. Overall, we find that SVC achieves significantly higher compression ratios than MPEG-4 Part 2, but produces unprecedented levels of traffic variability, thus presenting new challenges for the network transport of scalable video.

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HA, LeThanh, Chun-Su PARK, Seung-Won JUNG, and Sung-Jea KO. "An Improved Method to CABAC in the H.264/AVC Video Compression Standard." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E92-A, no. 12 (2009): 3355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e92.a.3355.

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Kaminsky, E., D. Grois, and O. Hadar. "Dynamic computational complexity and bit allocation for optimizing H.264/AVC video compression." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 19, no. 1 (January 2008): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2007.05.002.

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Koli, S. M., R. G. Purandare, S. P. Kshirsagar, V. V. Gohokar, R. S. Kadam, S. S. Dusane, and S. A. Kauthalkar. "Improved Compression Performance of H.264/MPEG4-AVC for Digital Video Using DVDP." Wireless Personal Communications 77, no. 3 (January 23, 2014): 1659–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-1600-y.

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Di Laura, Christian, Diego Pajuelo, and Guillermo Kemper. "A Novel Steganography Technique for SDTV-H.264/AVC Encoded Video." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6950592.

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Today, eavesdropping is becoming a common issue in the rapidly growing digital network and has foreseen the need for secret communication channels embedded in digital media. In this paper, a novel steganography technique designed for Standard Definition Digital Television (SDTV) H.264/AVC encoded video sequences is presented. The algorithm introduced here makes use of the compression properties of the Context Adaptive Variable Length Coding (CAVLC) entropy encoder to achieve a low complexity and real-time inserting method. The chosen scheme hides the private message directly in the H.264/AVC bit stream by modifying the AC frequency quantized residual luminance coefficients of intrapredicted I-frames. In order to avoid error propagation in adjacent blocks, an interlaced embedding strategy is applied. Likewise, the steganography technique proposed allows self-detection of the hidden message at the target destination. The code source was implemented by mixing MATLAB 2010 b and Java development environments. Finally, experimental results have been assessed through objective and subjective quality measures and reveal that less visible artifacts are produced with the technique proposed by reaching PSNR values above 40.0 dB and an embedding bit rate average per secret communication channel of 425 bits/sec. This exemplifies that steganography is affordable in digital television.

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Zhang, Zhenzhen, Changbo Liu, Zhaohong Li, Lifang Yu, and Huanma Yan. "Detection of Transcoding from H.264/AVC to HEVC Based on CU and PU Partition Types." Symmetry 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11111343.

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High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is a worldwide popular video coding standard due to its high coding efficiency. To make profits, forgers prefer to transcode videos from previous standards such as H.264/AVC to HEVC. To deal with this issue, an efficient method is proposed to expose such transcoded HEVC videos based on coding unit (CU) and prediction unit (PU) partition types. CU and PU partitioning are two unique syntactic units of HEVC that can reflect a video’s compression history. In this paper, CU and PU partition types of I pictures and P pictures are firstly extracted. Then, their mean frequencies are calculated and concatenated as distinguishing features, which are further sent to a support vector machine (SVM) for classification. Experimental results show that the proposed method can identify transcoded HEVC videos with high accuracy and has strong robustness against frame-deletion and shifted Group of Pictures (GOP) structure attacks.

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Wang, Xiao Li, and Long Zhao. "Improvements on Motion Estimation Algorithms in Video Coding for H.264/AVC." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 3455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3455.

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Motion estimation is the most important step in video compression. By using high precision motion vector in the H.264 encoder, the calculation is rapidly increased, but in the whole process of coding, motion estimation occupies about 80%. Although many motion estimation algorithms have been proposed to reduce the computational complexity of motion estimation, it still cannot meet the strict real-time demand. In this paper, based on the analysis of UMHexagonS algorithm, dynamic searching window is chosen in the UMHexagonS algorithm, then according to the motion activity, it uses different template to reduce the motion estimation time and improve video coding efficiency. Proved by the experiments on various test sequences, compared with the UMHexagonS algorithm, the motion estimation time of the proposed algorithm average saves 17.7525% in the case of the quality of the reconstructed image and rate close. It not only reduces the complexity of the algorithm, but also improves the real-time performance of the encoder.

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Bahari, Asral, Tughrul Arslan, and Ahmet T. Erdogan. "Interframe Bus Encoding Technique and Architecture for MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Video Compression." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 18, no. 5 (May 2010): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2009.2015324.

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Marpe, D., H. Schwarz, and T. Wiegand. "Context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding in the H.264/AVC video compression standard." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 13, no. 7 (July 2003): 620–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2003.815173.

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Heo, Jin, and Yo-Sung Ho. "Efficient Differential Pixel Value Coding in CABAC for H.264/AVC Lossless Video Compression." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 31, no. 2 (July 27, 2011): 813–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-011-9338-1.

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Minallah, Nasru, Khadem Ullah, Jaroslav Frnda, Korhan Cengiz, and Muhammad Awais Javed. "Transmitter Diversity Gain Technique Aided Irregular Channel Coding for Mobile Video Transmission." Entropy 23, no. 2 (February 18, 2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23020235.

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The reliable transmission of multimedia information that is coded through highly compression efficient encoders is a challenging task. This article presents the iterative convergence performance of IrRegular Convolutional Codes (IRCCs) with the aid of the multidimensional Sphere Packing (SP) modulation assisted Differential Space Time Spreading Codes (IRCC-SP-DSTS) scheme for the transmission of H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) compressed video coded stream. In this article, three different regular and irregular error protection schemes are presented. In the presented Regular Error Protection (REP) scheme, all of the partitions of the video sequence are regular error protected with a rate of 3/4 IRCC. In Irregular Error Protection scheme-1 (IREP-1) the H.264/AVC partitions are prioritized as A, B & C, respectively. Whereas, in Irregular Error Protection scheme-2 (IREP-2), the H.264/AVC partitions are prioritized as B, A, and C, respectively. The performance of the iterative paradigm of an inner IRCC and outer Rate-1 Precoder is analyzed by the EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) Chart and the Quality of Experience (QoE) performance of the proposed mechanism is evaluated using the Bit Error Rate (BER) metric and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)-based objective quality metric. More specifically, it is concluded that the proposed IREP-2 scheme exhibits a gain of 1 dB Eb/N0 with reference to the IREP-1 and Eb/N0 gain of 0.6 dB with reference to the REP scheme over the PSNR degradation of 1 dB.

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Peña, Raul, Alfonso Ávila, David Muñoz, and Juan Lavariega. "A Data Hiding Technique to Synchronously Embed Physiological Signals in H.264/AVC Encoded Video for Medicine Healthcare." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/514087.

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The recognition of clinical manifestations in both video images and physiological-signal waveforms is an important aid to improve the safety and effectiveness in medical care. Physicians can rely on video-waveform (VW) observations to recognize difficult-to-spot signs and symptoms. The VW observations can also reduce the number of false positive incidents and expand the recognition coverage to abnormal health conditions. The synchronization between the video images and the physiological-signal waveforms is fundamental for the successful recognition of the clinical manifestations. The use of conventional equipment to synchronously acquire and display the video-waveform information involves complex tasks such as the video capture/compression, the acquisition/compression of each physiological signal, and the video-waveform synchronization based on timestamps. This paper introduces a data hiding technique capable of both enabling embedding channels and synchronously hiding samples of physiological signals into encoded video sequences. Our data hiding technique offers large data capacity and simplifies the complexity of the video-waveform acquisition and reproduction. The experimental results revealed successful embedding and full restoration of signal’s samples. Our results also demonstrated a small distortion in the video objective quality, a small increment in bit-rate, and embedded cost savings of −2.6196% for high and medium motion video sequences.

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Liu, Haojie, Han Shen, Lichao Huang, Ming Lu, Tong Chen, and Zhan Ma. "Learned Video Compression via Joint Spatial-Temporal Correlation Exploration." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (April 3, 2020): 11580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6825.

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Traditional video compression technologies have been developed over decades in pursuit of higher coding efficiency. Efficient temporal information representation plays a key role in video coding. Thus, in this paper, we propose to exploit the temporal correlation using both first-order optical flow and second-order flow prediction. We suggest an one-stage learning approach to encapsulate flow as quantized features from consecutive frames which is then entropy coded with adaptive contexts conditioned on joint spatial-temporal priors to exploit second-order correlations. Joint priors are embedded in autoregressive spatial neighbors, co-located hyper elements and temporal neighbors using ConvLSTM recurrently. We evaluate our approach for the low-delay scenario with High-Efficiency Video Coding (H.265/HEVC), H.264/AVC and another learned video compression method, following the common test settings. Our work offers the state-of-the-art performance, with consistent gains across all popular test sequences.

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Barr, Mohammad. "A Fast Encoding Scheme for High Efficiency Video Coding." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 6 (November 4, 2020): 933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096513666191227102559.

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Background: High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is a recent video compression standard. It provides better compression performance compared to its predecessor, H.264/AVC. However, the computational complexity of the HEVC encoder is much higher than that of H.264/AVC encoder. This makes HEVC less attractive to be used in real-time applications and in devices with limited resources (e.g., low memory, low processing power, etc.). The increased computational complexity of HEVC is partly due to its use of a variable size Transform Unit (TU) selection algorithm which successively performs transform operations using transform units of different sizes before selecting the optimal transform unit size. In this paper, a fast transform unit size selection method is proposed to reduce the computational complexity of an HEVC encoder. Methods: Bayesian decision theory is used to predict the size of the TU during encoding. This is done by exploiting the TU size decisions at a previous temporal level and by modeling the relationship between the TU size and the Rate-Distortion (RD) cost values. Results: Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a reduction of the encoding time of the latest HEVC encoder by 16.21% on average without incurring any noticeable compromise on its compression efficiency. The algorithm also reduces the number of transform operations by 44.98% on average. Conclusion: In this paper, a novel fast TU size selection scheme for HEVC is proposed. The proposed technique outperforms both the latest HEVC reference software, HM 16.0, as well as other state-of-the-art techniques in terms of time-complexity. The compression performance of the proposed technique is comparable to that of HM 16.0.

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Bachu, Srinivas, and N. Ramya Teja. "Fuzzy Holoentropy-Based Adaptive Inter-Prediction Mode Selection for H.264 Video Coding." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 10, no. 2 (April 2019): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmcmc.2019040103.

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Due to the advancement of multimedia and its requirement of communication over the network, video compression has received much attention among the researchers. One of the popular video codings is scalable video coding, referred to as H.264/AVC standard. The major drawback in the H.264 is that it performs the exhaustive search over the interlayer prediction to gain the best rate-distortion performance. To reduce the computation overhead due to exhaustive search on mode prediction process, this paper presents a new technique for inter prediction mode selection based on the fuzzy holoentropy. This proposed scheme utilizes the pixel values and probabilistic distribution of pixel symbols to decide the mode. The adaptive mode selection is introduced here by analyzing the pixel values of the current block to be coded with those of a motion compensated reference block using fuzzy holoentropy. The adaptively selected mode decision can reduce the computation time without affecting the visual quality of frames. Experimentation of the proposed scheme is evaluated by utilizing five videos, and from the analysis, it is evident that proposed scheme has overall high performance with values of 41.367 dB and 0.992 for PSNR and SSIM respectively.

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Zhang, Duo Li, Chuan Jie Wang, Yu Kun Song, Gao Ming Du, and Xian Wen Cheng. "Design and Memory Optimization of Motion Estimation Module for H.264/AVC Encoder." Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (January 2011): 1350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.1350.

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H.264/AVC standard has been widely used in video compression at various kinds of application domain. Motion estimation takes the most calculation workload of H.264/AVC encoder. Memory optimization has played an even more important role in encoder design. Firstly, dependency relation between motion vectors was analyzed and removed at a little cost of estimation accuracy decrement, and then a 3-stage macro-block level pipeline architecture was proposed to increase parallel process ability of motion estimation. Then an optimized memory organization strategy of reference frame data was put forward, aiming at avoiding row changing frequently in SDRAM access. Finally, based on the 3-stage pipeline structure, a shared cyclic search window memory was proposed: 1) data relativity between adjacent macro-block was analyzed, 2) and search window memory size was elaborated, 3) and then a slice based structure and the work process were discussed. Analysis and experiment result show that 50% of on chip memory resource and cycles for off chip SDRAM access can be saved. The whole design was implemented with Verilog HDL and integrated into a H.264 encoder, which can demo 1280*720@30 video successfully at frequency of 120MHz under a cyclone III FPGA development board.

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Zhang, Mengmeng, Hongyun Lu, and Zhi Liu. "Quality Scalability Compression on Single-Loop Solution in HEVC." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/149859.

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This paper proposes a quality scalable extension design for the upcoming high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard. In the proposed design, the single-loop decoder solution is extended into the proposed scalable scenario. A novel interlayer intra/interprediction is added to reduce the amount of bits representation by exploiting the correlation between coding layers. The experimental results indicate that the average Bjøntegaard delta rate decrease of 20.50% can be gained compared with the simulcast encoding. The proposed technique achieved 47.98% Bjøntegaard delta rate reduction compared with the scalable video coding extension of the H.264/AVC. Consequently, significant rate savings confirm that the proposed method achieves better performance.

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Santos, Lucana, Sebastián Lopez, Gustavo M. Callico, José F. Lopez, and Roberto Sarmiento. "Performance Evaluation of the H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard for Lossy Hyperspectral Image Compression." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 5, no. 2 (April 2012): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2011.2173906.

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Sripal Reddy, K., and B. Leelaram Prakash. "HSV, Edge Preserved and Huffman Coding based Intra Frame High Efficient video Compression for Multimedia Communication." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.17767.

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High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is another pressure standard for high resolution video content, which just needs 50% of the bit rate of H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) at the same perceptual quality. Be that as it may, the computational intricacy is increments dramatically to adopt quad-tree organized Coding Unit (CU). In this document a new Hue Saturation Lightness (HSV), Edge Preserving and Huffman coding (HC) based intra frame high efficient video compression algorithm is introduced which is named as HSV-EPHC-IFHEVC. To increase the compression ratio of the video frames Huffman and Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) encodings are used. To improve the de-compressed frame quality in compression Sharpening filter based Edge preserving technique is used. This HSV-EPHC-IFHEVC algorithm provides much better performance compared to existing systems. The performance measurement is in the terms of MSE, PSNR, RMSE and Execution time.

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Chao, Jianshu, Robert Huitl, Eckehard Steinbach, and Damien Schroeder. "A Novel Rate Control Framework for SIFT/SURF Feature Preservation in H.264/AVC Video Compression." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 25, no. 6 (June 2015): 958–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsvt.2014.2367354.

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Pourazad, Mahsa, Colin Doutre, Maryam Azimi, and Panos Nasiopoulos. "HEVC: The New Gold Standard for Video Compression: How Does HEVC Compare with H.264/AVC?" IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 1, no. 3 (July 2012): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mce.2012.2192754.

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Raj, Geethu, and M. Kannan. "Video Compression Standards for High Definition Video: A Comparative Study of High Efficiency Video Coding and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC." i-manager's Journal on Communication Engineering and Systems 2, no. 4 (October 15, 2013): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jcs.2.4.2474.

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Corrêa, Guilherme, Daniel Palomino, Cláudio Diniz, Sergio Bampi, and Luciano Agostini. "Low-Complexity Hierarchical Mode Decision Algorithms Targeting VLSI Architecture Design for the H.264/AVC Video Encoder." VLSI Design 2012 (May 14, 2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/748019.

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In H.264/AVC, the encoding process can occur according to one of the 13 intraframe coding modes or according to one of the 8 available interframes block sizes, besides the SKIP mode. In the Joint Model reference software, the choice of the best mode is performed through exhaustive executions of the entire encoding process, which significantly increases the encoder's computational complexity and sometimes even forbids its use in real-time applications. Considering this context, this work proposes a set of heuristic algorithms targeting hardware architectures that lead to earlier selection of one encoding mode. The amount of repetitions of the encoding process is reduced by 47 times, at the cost of a relatively small cost in compression performance. When compared to other works, the fast hierarchical mode decision results are expressively more satisfactory in terms of computational complexity reduction, quality, and bit rate. The low-complexity mode decision architecture proposed is thus a very good option for real-time coding of high-resolution videos. The solution is especially interesting for embedded and mobile applications with support to multimedia systems, since it yields good compression rates and image quality with a very high reduction in the encoder complexity.

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Prof. Naveen Jain. "FPGA Implementation of Hardware Architecture for H264/AV Codec Standards." International Journal of New Practices in Management and Engineering 2, no. 01 (March 31, 2013): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijnpme.v2i01.11.

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The proposed work is a modern hardware based architecture for performing transformation, quantisation and prediction is designed which is used for H.264/AVC video standards. This designed hardware find its importance in advanced H264 encoders which are repeatedly find its application in HDTV applications. The H264/AV Codec does video compression and video decompression for prospect broadband and wireless networks. A low complexity discrete cosine transform is used by DSP embedded multiplier. An intra-prediction equation are employed to get low latency, high throughput, efficient utilization of resources. The proposed architecture also employs both pipeline & parallel process methods. The proposed architecture is implemented using VHDL and synthesised for Virtex 5, and the device is 5vlx50tff665.

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Sayadi, Fatma Ezzahra, Marwa Chouchene, Haithem Bahri, Randa Khemiri, and Mohamed Atri. "Parallel Full Search Algorithm for Motion Estimation on Graphic Processing Unit." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 12, no. 4 (August 23, 2019): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096511666180703114137.

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Background: Advances in video compression technology have been driven by everincreasing processing power available in software and hardware. Methods: The emerging High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard aims to provide a doubling in coding efficiency with respect to the H.264/AVC high profile, delivering the same video quality at half the bit rate. Results: Thus, the results show high computational complexity. In both standards, the motion estimation block presents a significant challenge in clock latency since it consumes more than 40% of the total encoding time. For these reasons, we proposed an optimized implementation of this algorithm on a low-cost NVIDIA GPU developed with CUDA language. Conclusion: This optimized implementation can provide high-performance video encoder where the speed reaches about 85.

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Cicala, L., C. V. Angelino, G. Ruatta, E. Baccaglini, and N. Raimondo. "A SENSOR AIDED H.264/AVC VIDEO ENCODER FOR AERIAL VIDEO SEQUENCES WITH IN THE LOOP METADATA CORRECTION." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3/W5 (August 20, 2015): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-w5-483-2015.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are often employed to collect high resolution images in order to perform image mosaicking and/or 3D reconstruction. Images are usually stored on board and then processed with on-ground desktop software. In such a way the computational load, and hence the power consumption, is moved on ground, leaving on board only the task of storing data. Such an approach is important in the case of small multi-rotorcraft UAVs because of their low endurance due to the short battery life. Images can be stored on board with either still image or video data compression. Still image system are preferred when low frame rates are involved, because video coding systems are based on motion estimation and compensation algorithms which fail when the motion vectors are significantly long and when the overlapping between subsequent frames is very small. In this scenario, UAVs attitude and position metadata from the Inertial Navigation System (INS) can be employed to estimate global motion parameters without video analysis. A low complexity image analysis can be still performed in order to refine the motion field estimated using only the metadata. In this work, we propose to use this refinement step in order to improve the position and attitude estimation produced by the navigation system in order to maximize the encoder performance. Experiments are performed on both simulated and real world video sequences.

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Zhu, Shiping, Dongyu Zhao, and Ling Zhang. "A Novel High Efficiency Fractal Multiview Video Codec." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/613714.

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Multiview video which is one of the main types of three-dimensional (3D) video signals, captured by a set of video cameras from various viewpoints, has attracted much interest recently. Data compression for multiview video has become a major issue. In this paper, a novel high efficiency fractal multiview video codec is proposed. Firstly, intraframe algorithm based on the H.264/AVC intraprediction modes and combining fractal and motion compensation (CFMC) algorithm in which range blocks are predicted by domain blocks in the previously decoded frame using translational motion with gray value transformation is proposed for compressing the anchor viewpoint video. Then temporal-spatial prediction structure and fast disparity estimation algorithm exploiting parallax distribution constraints are designed to compress the multiview video data. The proposed fractal multiview video codec can exploit temporal and spatial correlations adequately. Experimental results show that it can obtain about 0.36 dB increase in the decoding quality and 36.21% decrease in encoding bitrate compared with JMVC8.5, and the encoding time is saved by 95.71%. The rate-distortion comparisons with other multiview video coding methods also demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme.

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Uhrina, Miroslav, Anna Holesova, Juraj Bienik, and Lukas Sevcik. "Impact of Scene Content on High Resolution Video Quality." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 2872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082872.

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This paper deals with the impact of content on the perceived video quality evaluated using the subjective Absolute Category Rating (ACR) method. The assessment was conducted on eight types of video sequences with diverse content obtained from the SJTU dataset. The sequences were encoded at 5 different constant bitrates in two widely video compression standards H.264/AVC and H.265/HEVC at Full HD and Ultra HD resolutions, which means 160 annotated video sequences were created. The length of Group of Pictures (GOP) was set to half the framerate value, as is typical for video intended for transmission over a noisy communication channel. The evaluation was performed in two laboratories: one situated at the University of Zilina, and the second at the VSB—Technical University in Ostrava. The results acquired in both laboratories reached/showed a high correlation. Notwithstanding the fact that the sequences with low Spatial Information (SI) and Temporal Information (TI) values reached better Mean Opinion Score (MOS) score than the sequences with higher SI and TI values, these two parameters are not sufficient for scene description, and this domain should be the subject of further research. The evaluation results led us to the conclusion that it is unnecessary to use the H.265/HEVC codec for compression of Full HD sequences and the compression efficiency of the H.265 codec by the Ultra HD resolution reaches the compression efficiency of both codecs by the Full HD resolution. This paper also includes the recommendations for minimum bitrate thresholds at which the video sequences at both resolutions retain good and fair subjectively perceived quality.

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Ferroukhi, Merzak, Abdeldjalil Ouahabi, Mokhtar Attari, Yassine Habchi, and Abdelmalik Taleb-Ahmed. "Medical Video Coding Based on 2nd-Generation Wavelets: Performance Evaluation." Electronics 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8010088.

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The operations of digitization, transmission and storage of medical data, particularly images, require increasingly effective encoding methods not only in terms of compression ratio and flow of information but also in terms of visual quality. At first, there was DCT (discrete cosine transform) then DWT (discrete wavelet transform) and their associated standards in terms of coding and image compression. The 2nd-generation wavelets seeks to be positioned and confronted by the image and video coding methods currently used. It is in this context that we suggest a method combining bandelets and the SPIHT (set partitioning in hierarchical trees) algorithm. There are two main reasons for our approach: the first lies in the nature of the bandelet transform to take advantage of capturing the geometrical complexity of the image structure. The second reason is the suitability of encoding the bandelet coefficients by the SPIHT encoder. Quality measurements indicate that in some cases (for low bit rates) the performance of the proposed coding competes with the well-established ones (H.264 or MPEG4 AVC and H.265 or MPEG4 HEVC) and opens up new application prospects in the field of medical imaging.

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Journal articles on the topic 'H.264/AVC video compression'

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