Relevant bibliographies by topics / H bond activation

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'H bond activation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "H bond activation"

1

Ilies, Laurean. "Iron-Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 75, no. 8 (2017): 802–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.75.802.

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Liu, Yunyun, and Baoli Zhao. "Step-Economical C–H Activation Reactions Directed by In Situ Amidation." Synthesis 52, no. 21 (May 18, 2020): 3211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707124.

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Owing to the inherent ability of amides to chelate transition-metal catalysts, amide-directed C–H activation reactions constitute a major tactic in directed C–H activation reactions. While the conventional procedures for these reactions usually involve prior preparation and purification of amide substrates before the C–H activation, the step economy is actually undermined by the operation of installing the directing group (DG) and related substrate purification. In this context, directed C–H activation via in situ amidation of the crude material provides a new protocol that can significantly enhance the step economy of amide-directed C–H activation. In this short review, the advances in C–H bond activation reactions mediated or initiated by in situ amidation are summarized and analyzed.1 Introduction2 In Situ Amidation in Aryl C–H Bond Activation3 In Situ Amidation in Alkyl C–H Bond Activation4 Annulation Reactions via Amidation-Mediated C–H Activation5 Remote C–H Activation Mediated by Amidation6 Conclusion
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Shi, Renyi, Lijun Lu, Hangyu Xie, Jingwen Yan, Ting Xu, Hua Zhang, Xiaotian Qi, Yu Lan, and Aiwen Lei. "C8–H bond activation vs. C2–H bond activation: from naphthyl amines to lactams." Chemical Communications 52, no. 90 (2016): 13307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc06358f.

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Pd-catalyzed selective amine-oriented C8–H bond functionalization/N-dealkylative carbonylation of naphthyl amines has been achieved. The amine group from dealkylation is proposed to be the directing group for promoting this process. It represents a straightforward and easy method to access various biologically important benzo[cd]indol-2(1H)-one derivatives.
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Cui, Weihong, and Bradford B. Wayland. "Hydrocarbon C-H bond activation by rhodium porphyrins." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 08, no. 02 (February 2004): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108842460400009x.

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Rhodium porphyrins provide a variety of C-H bond reactions with both aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons that acquire unusual selectivity in part through the steric requirements of the porphyrin ligand. Rhodium(III) porphyrins selectively react with aromatic C-H bonds by electrophilic substitution with the virtual exclusion of aliphatic C-H bond activation. Rhodium(II) porphyrins react by a metal-centered radical pathway with alkyl aromatics and alkanes selectively at the alkyl C-H bond with total exclusion of aromatic C-H bond activation. Reactions of rhodium(II) metalloradicals with alkyl C-H bonds have large deuterium isotope effects, small activation enthalpies and large negative activation entropies consistent with a near linear symmetrical four-centered transition state ( Rh ˙⋯ H ⋯ C ⋯˙Rh). The nature of this transition state and the dimensions of rhodium porphyrins provide steric constraints that preclude aromatic C-H bond reactions and give high kinetic preference for methane activation as the smallest alkane substrate. Rhodium(II) tethered diporphyrin bimetalloradical complexes convert the C-H bond reactions to bimolecular processes with dramatically increased reaction rates and high selectivity for methane activation.
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ROUHI, MAUREEN. "Real-world C-H bond activation." Chemical & Engineering News 75, no. 41 (October 13, 1997): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n041.p004a.

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Shang, Rui, Laurean Ilies, and Eiichi Nakamura. "Iron-Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation." Chemical Reviews 117, no. 13 (April 5, 2017): 9086–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00772.

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Milstein, David. "Metal–ligand cooperation by aromatization–dearomatization as a tool in single bond activation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2037 (March 13, 2015): 20140189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0189.

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Metal–ligand cooperation (MLC) plays an important role in bond activation processes, enabling many chemical and biological catalytic reactions. A recent new mode of activation of chemical bonds involves ligand aromatization–dearomatization processes in pyridine-based pincer complexes in which chemical bonds are broken reversibly across the metal centre and the pincer-ligand arm, leading to new bond-making and -breaking processes, and new catalysis. In this short review, such processes are briefly exemplified in the activation of C–H, H–H, O–H, N–H and B–H bonds, and mechanistic insight is provided. This new bond activation mode has led to the development of various catalytic reactions, mainly based on alcohols and amines, and to a stepwise approach to thermal H 2 and light-induced O 2 liberation from water.
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ROUHI, MAUREEN. "Steps in Si-H bond activation revealed." Chemical & Engineering News 76, no. 41 (October 12, 1998): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v076n041.p017.

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Labinger, Jay A., and John E. Bercaw. "Understanding and exploiting C–H bond activation." Nature 417, no. 6888 (May 2002): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/417507a.

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Chen, Ke, Albert Eschenmoser, and Phil S Baran. "Strain Release in CH Bond Activation?" Angewandte Chemie International Edition 48, no. 51 (November 24, 2009): 9705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200904474.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "H bond activation"

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Wiley, Jack Scott. "C-H bond activation in iridium complexes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8510.

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Vastine, Benjamin Alan. "Understanding mechanisms for C-H bond activation." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2679.

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Gao, Longhui. "C-H bond activation catalyzed by Ruthenium nanoparticles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS348/document.

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Les molécules marquées par des isotopes de l’hydrogène possèdent de nombreuses applications dans divers domaines tels que la chimie, la biologie ou en science des matériaux. Dans le domaine de la recherche de nouveaux médicaments, les études liées à la pharmacocinétique nécessitent un accès rapide à des molécules marquées afin de ne pas impacter les coûts et les délais de développement. Le développement de la métabolomique a aussi entrainé une augmentation du besoin en molécules marquées isotopiquement. En effet, les molécules deuterées peuvent être utilisées en tant qu’étalons internes pour la quantification rapide des métabolites présents dans des tissus ou des fluides biologiques. La première partie de cette thèse concerne le développement d’une méthode générale de marquage de motifs de type thioéther dans des molécules complexes à l’aide d’une nouvelle réaction d’échange isotopique (catalysée par des nanoparticules de Ruthénium). D’un point de vue fondamental cette transformation représente le premier exemple de (Csp³)-H activation dirigée par un atome de soufre. En termes d’application, cette nouvelle réaction permet la synthèse rapide d’étalons internes pour la quantification LC-MS/MS et le marquage tritium de molécules complexes. La seconde partie de cette thèse relate le développement d’une nouvelle méthode d’homocouplage de phénylpyridines catalysée par Ru/C. Différents substrats comportant des substituants riches et pauvres en électron ont été couplés avec de bons rendements. Ces dimères ont ensuite été utilisés pour synthétiser de nouveaux complexes de bore dont les propriétés photophysiques ont été étudiées. Dans une troisième partie, la mise au point d’une réaction palladocatalysée permettant d’obtenir des molécules polycycliques contenant un motif de type pyridine est développée
Deuterated and tritiated compounds are widely used in numerous applications in chemistry, biology and material science. In the drug discovery and development process, ADME studies require quick access to labelled molecules, otherwise the drug development costs and timeline are significantly impacted. The rapid development of metabolomics has also increased the need for isotopically labelled compounds. In particular, deuterated molecules are used as internal standards for quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of metabolites in biological fluids and tissues. In this context, a general method allowing the deuterium and tritium labelling of bioactive thioethers using a HIE reaction is described in the first chapter. From a fundamental point of view, this transformation is the first example of (Csp³)-H activation directed by a sulfur atom. In terms of application, this new reaction has been proved to be useful for the preparation of deuterated LC-MS/MS reference materials and tritiated pharmaceuticals owning high specific activity.In the second chapter of this manuscript, the development of a method allowing the cross-dehydrogenative homocoupling of 2-arylpyridines catalyzed by Ru/C is developed. Various substrates with different substituents were efficiently coupled to give the desired dimers in good yield. In terms of application, a series of pyridine-boron complexes derived from the phenyl pyridine dimers were also synthesized and their photophysical properties were studied.In the third chapter, a regioselective palladium catalyzed intramolecular arylation reaction allowing the synthesis of pyridine containing polycyclic compounds is described
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Torkelson, Jeffrey Robert. "C-H bond activation and C-C bond formation at adjacent metals." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ34848.pdf.

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Ebe, Yusuke. "Iridium-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Reactions via C-H Bond Activation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225417.

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Guo, Xiangyu. "Ruthenium-catalyzed C-C bond formation via functional-group directed C-H bond activation." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110570.

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AbstractRuthenium-Catalyzed C-C Bond Formation via Functional-Group Directed C-H Bond ActivationXiangyu GuoAdvisor: Prof. Chao-Jun LiMcGill UniversityThis thesis is an investigation on the formation of carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds in the presence of ruthenium catalyst.In the first part of this thesis, oxidative dehydrogenative coupling reactions for carbon-carbon (C-C) bond formation are described. A ruthenium-catalyzed dimerization of 2-phenylpyridine derivatives is demonstrated to synthesize biaryls using iron(III) chloride as the terminal oxidant. In addition, the oxidative cross coupling of arenes and cycloalkanes is also illustrated, achieving a unique para-selectivity.In the second part of the thesis, a ruthenium-catalyzed olefination via decarbonylative addition of aldehydes to terminal alkynes is described. Conjugated and isolated C=C bonds can be chemoselectively generated in two catalytic systems starting from aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. The method provides an alternative synthesis of C=C bonds from direct C-H bond addition to triple bonds.
RésuméRuthenium-Catalyzed C-C Bond Formation via Functional-Group Directed C-H Bond ActivationXiangyu GuoSuperviseur: Prof. Chao-Jun LiUniversité McGillCette thèse est le résultat de la recherche sur la formation de liaisons carbone-carbone (C-C), catalysé par le ruthénium. La première partie de cette thèse expose les résultats sur la formation de liaison carbone-carbone (C-C) par la réaction de couplage oxydant par déshydrogénation. La synthèse de composés biaryl par l'utilisation d'un catalyseur de ruthénium a permis la dimérisation des dérivés de la 2-phénylpyridine en présence de chlorure de fer (III) comme oxydant terminal. En outre, l'oxydative cross-coupling entre arènes et cycloalcanes, a montrer une notable, para-sélectivité. La seconde partie de cette thèse, décrit les résultats obtenue sur la réaction d'oléfination decarbonylative entre un aldéhyde et un alcyne vrai, catalyser par le ruthénium. En partant d'aldéhydes aromatiques ou aliphatiques et par l'utilisation de deux systèmes catalytiques, la synthèse chemioselective de double liaison C=C conjuguée ou isolée ont pu être réalisé. Cette réaction fournit ainsi, une intéressante alternative à la synthèse de doubles liaisons C=C par la directe addition de liaison C-H sur une triple liaison.
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Duin, Marcel Adrianus. "Nucleophilic and electrophilic platinum compounds for C-H bond activation." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/75218.

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Black, Stephen Ian. "Synthetic and mechanistic studies related to C-H bond activation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46966.

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Nako, Adi Edmund. "E-H bond activation by d⁰ and d¹⁰ metal centres." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44041.

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In recent years there has been a drive to study the catalytic dehydrocoupling of various protic and hydridic partners that contain E-H bonds (E = C, N, P, B, Si, Sn). This is in part due to the high atom-efficiency of these reactions as well as their ability to release dihydrogen in a controlled and potentially reversible manner. Transition metal complexes have historically been employed as catalysts for these reactions. Nevertheless, in recent years there has been growing interest in using complexes of the rare earth and main group metals to the same end. For these redox reluctant metals, the lack of multiple stable oxidation states makes σ-bond metathesis the predominant mechanistic step. This contrasts with the common two-electron and one-electron pathways often observed for transition metals. A diverse selection of mechanistic pathways have emerged with complementary activities and selectivities often reported for transition metal and non-transition metal systems. This thesis describes the activation of various E-H (E = C, Si, N, Al, Zn) bonds by do and d10 metal centres in both catalytic and stoichiometric regimes. The [Y{N(SiMe3)2}3] catalysed C-H silylation of triphenylphosphonium methylide with phenylsilane to give Ph3PCHSiH2Ph is reported. This is the first known example of C-H silylation of an ylide, and was found to be highly dependent on the nature of the pre-catalyst. Whilst exploring the reaction chemistry of the same yttrium complex, the first known example of the catalytic dehydrocoupling of Al-H/N-H bonds was discovered. This latter reaction offers a new synthetic route to form Al-N σ-bonds from sterically hindered alane and amine partners. The yttrium mediated dehydrocoupling of Si-H/N-H bonds is also documented with an emphasis on the potential for ligand acceleration of catalysis by a cyclometalated phosphonium ylide complex. As part of these studies, the synthesis of a series of structurally diverse aluminium hydride complexes is discussed. These complexes were not only investigated in the aforementioned dehydrocoupling reaction, but also as ligands for transition metals in their own right. The coordination of both Al-H and related Zn-H σ-bonds to copper(I) was observed in both solution and the solid state and this interaction was characterised by a number of spectroscopic techniques.
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Coxon, Thomas. "Investigating rhodium-catalysed hydroacylation and carbon-carbon bond activation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:26111304-1563-4c18-956e-67636b87983a.

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The work described in this thesis documents the development of new rhodium(I)-catalysed methodologies within two areas of research. The first examines the use of carbonyls as chelating groups in hydroacylation to produce synthetically valuable ketones and enones. The second area explores new carbon-carbon bond activation methodologies. Chapter 1 presents a literature review of the historical development of rhodium-catalysed hydroacylation, with a focus on chelating groups that can currently be used to suppress decarbonylation. A brief review of methodologies that avoid the requirement for a tether is also included. Chapter 2 describes the development of a novel hydroacylation methodology employing carbonyl-based functional groups as tethers on aldehyde substrates. The chapter begins with the optimisation studies for the hydroacylation of β-formyl amides with terminal and internal alkynes, allenes and terminal alkenes, and subsequently explores the substrate scope for each case. The chapter then outlines the investigations undertaken with 1,4-dicarbonyl and 1,5-dicarbonyl systems, N-formyl amides, β-formyl esters and finally β-formyl ketones. A detailed description of the routes undertaken to synthesise each starting material is also presented. Chapter 3 presents a short review surveying the key milestones in the development of carbon-carbon activation methodologies. The chapter begins with a theoretical comparison to carbon-hydrogen activation and a discussion of the unique challenges that are faced. An overview of the major strategies employed to enact these processes is subsequently presented for both strained and unstrained substrates. Chapter 4 outlines the attempts undertaken to develop a novel carbon-carbon bond activation methodology. The work evaluates sulfur-, nitrogen- and alkene-based chelating groups, known to be successful in hydroacylation, in analogous ketone substrates. Chapter 5 discusses the conclusions from this work and the potential for further work. Chapter 6 presents the experimental procedures and data.
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Books on the topic "H bond activation"

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Dixneuf, Pierre H., and Henri Doucet, eds. C-H Bond Activation and Catalytic Functionalization I. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24630-7.

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Dixneuf, Pierre H., and Henri Doucet, eds. C-H Bond Activation and Catalytic Functionalization II. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29319-6.

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Matsumoto, Arimasa. Iron-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Aromatic Compounds via C–H Bond Activation. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54928-4.

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Goldberg, Karen I., and Alan S. Goldman, eds. Activation and Functionalization of C—H Bonds. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2004-0885.

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C-H Bond Activation in Organic Synthesis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Dixneuf, Pierre H., and Henri Doucet. C-H Bond Activation and Catalytic Functionalization II. Springer, 2018.

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Dixneuf, Pierre H., and Henri Doucet. C-H Bond Activation and Catalytic Functionalization I. Springer, 2018.

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Matsumoto, Arimasa. Iron-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Aromatic Compounds via C-H Bond Activation. Springer, 2014.

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Activation and functionalization of C-H bonds. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2004.

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Marx, David Earl. Studies in organometallic photochemistry: Bring-closure of M (CO)b5sL intermediates (M=Cr, Mo, W) and intermolecular C-H bond activation reactions with (np5s-Cb5sRb5s)M(CO)b2 s(M=Co, Rh, Ir; R=H, Chb3s). 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "H bond activation"

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Bouffard, Jean, and Kenichiro Itami. "Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Bond Arylation of Arenes." In C-H Activation, 231–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2009_12.

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Liu, Guosheng, and Yichen Wu. "Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic C–H Bond Functionalization of Olefins." In C-H Activation, 195–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2009_16.

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Ackermann, Lutz, and Rubén Vicente. "Ruthenium-Catalyzed Direct Arylations Through C–H Bond Cleavages." In C-H Activation, 211–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2009_9.

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You, Shu-Li, and Ji-Bao Xia. "Palladium-Catalyzed Aryl–Aryl Bond Formation Through Double C–H Activation." In C-H Activation, 165–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2009_18.

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Beck, Elizabeth M., and Matthew J. Gaunt. "Pd-Catalyzed C–H Bond Functionalization on the Indole and Pyrrole Nucleus." In C-H Activation, 85–121. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2009_15.

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Tomin, Anna, Seema Bag, and Béla Török. "Catalytic CH Bond Activation Reactions." In Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, 67–97. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470711828.ch4.

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Ilies, Laurean, and Eiichi Nakamura. "Iron-Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation." In Topics in Organometallic Chemistry, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3418_2015_129.

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Li, Bi-Jie, and Zhang-Jie Shi. "Homogeneous Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization." In Homogeneous Catalysis for Unreactive Bond Activation, 441–573. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788981.ch6.

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Goldman, Alan S., and Karen I. Goldberg. "Organometallic C—H Bond Activation: An Introduction." In ACS Symposium Series, 1–43. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2004-0885.ch001.

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Shubina, Elena, Natalia Belkova, Oleg Filippov, and Lina Epstein. "Weak Interactions and M-H Bond Activation." In Advances in Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis, 97–109. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118742952.ch8.

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Conference papers on the topic "H bond activation"

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Nyambo, Silver, Dong-Sheng Yang, and Yuchen Zhang. "PROBING SELECTIVE BOND ACTIVATION IN ALKYLAMINES: LANTHANUM-MEDIATED C-H AND N-H BOND ACTIVATION STUDIED BY MATI SPECTROSCOPY." In 73rd International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2018.fb01.

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Kim, Jong, and Dong-Sheng Yang. "SPECTROSCOPIC IDENTIFICATION OF Y(C4H6) ISOMERS FORMED BY YTTRIUM-MEDIATED C-H BOND ACTIVATION OF BUTENES." In 71st International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2016.mh09.

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Nyambo, Silver, Dong-Sheng Yang, Yuchen Zhang, Priya Karna, and Jong Kim. "MATI SPECTROSCOPY OF Ln(OH)2 (Ln = La AND Ce) FORMED BY O-H BOND ACTIVATION OF WATER." In 74th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2019.wj10.

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Kim, Jong, and Dong-Sheng Yang. "YTTRIUM-ASSISTED C-H AND C-C BOND ACTIVATION OF ETHYLENE PROBED BY MASS-ANALYZED THRESHOLD IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY." In 71st International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2016.ri06.

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Khan, Shahriar, and Evangelos Miliordos. "ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE GROUND AND EXCITED STATES OF RhO2+: ITS ROLE IN THE C-H BOND ACTIVATION OF METHANE." In 2020 International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2020.fd05.

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Tokunaga, F., T. Miyata, T. Nakamura, T. Morita, and S. Iwanaga. "LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-SENSITIVE SERINE-PROTEASE ZYMOGEN (FACTOR C) OF LIMULUS HEMOCYTES: IDENTIFICATION AND ALIGNMENT OF PROTEOLYTIC FRAGMENTS PRODUCED DURING THE ACTIVATION SHOW THAT IT IS A NOVEL TYPE OF SERINE-PROTEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644609.

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Limulus clotting factor, factor C, is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-sensitive serine-protease zymogen present in the hemocytes. It is a two-chain glycoprotein (M.W. = 123,000) composed of a heavy chain (M.W. = 80,000) and a light chain (M.W. = 43,000) T. Nakamura et al. (1986) Eur. J. Biochem. 154, 511-521 .On further studies of this zymogen, a single-chain factor C (M.W. = 123,000) was identified by Western blotting technique. The heavy chain had an NH2-terminal sequence of Ser-Gly-Val-Asp-, which was consistent with the NH2-terminal sequence of the single-chain factor C, indicating that the heavy chain is located in the NH2-terminal part of the zymogen. The light chain had an NH22-terminal sequence of Ser-Ser-Gln-Pro-. Incubation of the two-chain zymogen with LPS resulted in the cleavage of a Phe-Ile bond between residues 72 and 73 of the light chain. Concomitant with this cleavage, the A (72.amino acids) and B chains derived from the light chain was formed. The complete amino acid sequence of the A chain was determined by automated Edman degradation. The A chain contained a typical segment which is similar structuraly to those a family of repeats in human β2 -glycoprotein I, complement factors B, Clr, Cls, H, C4b-binding protein, 02, coagulation factor XIII b subunit, haptoglobin a chain, and interleukin 2 receptor. The NH2-terminal sequence of the B chain was Ile-Trp-Asn-Gly-. This chain contained the serine-active site sequence of -ASP-Ala-Cys-Ser-Gly-Asp-SER-Gly-Gly-Pro-.These results indicate that limulus factor C exists in the hemocytes in a single-chain zymogen form and is converted to an active serine-protease by hydrolysis of a specific Phe-Ile peptide bond. The correlation of limulus factor C and mammalian complement proteins was also suggested.
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Meusburger, S., R. Beckmann, J. Wojta, and B. R. Binder. "RELATION OP FIBRIN STIMULATION OF tPA MEDIATED PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATION AND FIBRIN BINDING TOWARDS FIBRONEKTIN AS REVEALED BY A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (MAB) AGAINST FCB-2 FIBRINOGEN FRAGMENTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644403.

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Fibrin binds to the finger domain of fibronektin via the C-terminal end of the chain and it was reported previously by us that in a fluid phase assay fibronektin inhibits fibrin enhancement of plasminogen activation by tPA. However, other have shown that tPA binds to fibronectin thereby possibly mediating enhanced matrix bound plasmin formation. In the present study we tried to further characterize the interaction between fibronectin and fibrin in regard to fibrin dependent enhancement of plasminogen activation by tPA. For fibrin binding to fibronectin we have developed an ELISA system using fibronectin coated plates and antibodies against fibrin(ogen) to quantify bound fibrin. For determination of plasminogen activation we used a coupled spectrophotometric fluid phase assay with Glu-plasminogen as substrate and H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA to quantify the formed plasmin. Fibrin binding to coated fibronectin was linear between 500ng and 1 mg/ml for fibrin monomers (reptilase), FCB-2 fragments and thrombin (3.3 U/ml) treated fibrinogen, respectively. A monoclonal antibody directed against the FCB-2 fibrinogen fragment which also could be shown to recognize fibirn but not fibrinogen did not recognize fibronectin bound fibrin and inhibited also the fibrin stimulatory effect on plasminogen activation indicating that the epitope against which the antibody is directed is closely related to both the fibronectin binding site and the site involved in t-PA stimulation.
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8

Anders, E., J. U. Alles, U. Delvos, B. Pötzsch, K. T. Preissner, W. Speiser, and G. Müller-Berghaus. "HUMAN OMENTAL TISSUE MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS (HOTMEC): ISOLATION AND NEW ASPECTS OF CHARACTERIZATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643349.

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To study the function of microvascular endothelial cells in comparison to large vessel endothelial cells, HOTMEC were enzymatically isolated from human omental tissue and plated on petri dishes precoated with an extracellular matrix prepared from isolated fibroblasts of the same tissue or precoated with fibronectin. The culture medium was supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum; growth factors were not needed. HOTMEC were subcultured in a split ratio of 1:3 and maintained in culture for up to 3 month. Cultured HOTMEC were identified and discriminated from other non-endothelial cells by different characteristics and functions. 1. The cells demonstrated the typical polygonal shape as known for endothelial cells isolated from umbilical veins. In comparison to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), however, HOTMEC showed prominant nuclei with several nucleoli and presented a pronounced granulation of the perinuclear cytoplasm. 2. A monoclonal antibody specific for endothelial cells was bound to cultured HOTMEC. 3. Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) antigen was demonstrated within the cells by immunofluorescence staining; measurable amounts of vWF were only found in HUVEC in contrast to HOTMEC using an ELISA. 4. The addition of purified human protein C to HOTMEC preincubated with thrombin led to the activation of the zymogen as demonstrated by a chromogenic assay system. The kinetics of protein C activation were identical for HOTMEC and HUVEC. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity were detected in the culture supernatant of HOTMEC. After incubation period of 12 h in serum-free medium, the conditioned medium of confluent HOTMEC contained 100-fold higher levels of tPA than that of HUVEC. The data demonstrate that the cells isolated from human omental tissue have morphological as well as functional characteristics typical for endothelial cells. Furthermore, the study indicates that HOTMEC and HUVEC present quantitative differences in coagulant and fibrinolytic activities.
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Tans, G., J. Rosing, M. Berrettini, B. Lammle, and J. H. Griffin. "AUTOACTIVATION OF HUMAN PLASMA PREKALLIKREIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642898.

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Incubation of purified human plasma prekallikrein with sulfatides or dextran sulfate resulted in spontaneous activation of prekallikrein as judged by the appearance of amidolytic activity towards the chromogenic substrate H-D-pro-phe-arg-p-nitroanilide (S 2302). The time course of generation of amidolytic activity was sigmoidal with an apparent lag phase followed by a rapid activation until finally a plateau was reached. Soybean trypsin inhibitor completely blocked prekallikrein activation whereas corn, limabean and ovomucoid trypsin inhibitor did not. The Ki of the reversible inhibitor, benzamidine, for autoactivation (240 uM) was identical to the Ki of benzamidine for kallikrein. Thus, spontaneous prekallikrein activation and kallikrein showed the same specificity for a number of serine protease inhibitors, indicating that prekallikrein is activated by its own enzymatically active form, kallikrein. Immunoblotting analysis showed that, concomitant with the appearance of amidolytic activity, prekallikrein was cleaved. However, prekallikrein was not quantitatively converted into two-chain kallikrein since other polypeptide products were visible on the gels. This accounts for the observation that in amidolytic assays not all prekallikrein present in the reaction mixture was measured as active kallikrein. Kinetic analysis showed that prekallikrein activation can be described by a second-order reaction mechanism in which prekallikrein is activated kallikrein. The apparent second order rate constant was 27000 M-ls-1 (pH 7.2, 50 uM sulfatides, ionic strength 1=0.06, at 37°C). Autocatalytic prekallikrein activation was strongly dependent on the ionic strength, since there was a considerable decrease in the rate of the reaction at high salt concentrations. Our data support a prekallikrein autoactivation mechanism in which surface-bound kallikrein activates surface-bound prekallikrein. The rate constant of autoactivation is considerably lower than the rate constants reported for Factor Xlla dependent prekallikrein formation. Autocatalytic prekallikrein activation may, however, contribute to kallikrein formation during the initiating phase of contact activation.
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10

Berrettini, M., M. J. Heeb, and J. H. Griffin. "ISOLATION AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF MONOMERIC BLOOD COAGULATION FACTOR XI." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642803.

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To evaluate the significance of the normal dimeric structure (160,000 MW) of blood coagulation Factor XI (F.XI), a monomeric form (80,000 MW) was produced by mild reduction and alkylation of native F.XI. Since initial efforts to reduce and alkylate F.XI in solution inactivated the molecule, F.XI was bound to high MW kininogen (HMWK) to stabilize the native structure. Purified F.XI was bound to HMWK-Sepharose, and the column was washed for 2 h with 40 μM dithiothreitol in 4mM acetate buffer, 2mM EDTA, 1mM benzamidine, pH 7.8, and then for 2 h with 50 μM iodoacetamide in the same buffer. Elution with 0.5 M NaCl gave a preparation containing ∼ 85% F.XI monomer and ∼ 15% dimer, as judged by nonreduced SDS-PAGE and by gel filtration of the radiolabeled preparation. The monomeric F.XI preparation had only 10% of the clotting activity of dimeric F.XI (per mole of enzymatic site) as measured in APTT clotting assays using F.XI deficient plasma. After activation with β-Factor XIIa in solution, the monomer F.XIa preparation exhibited 85% of the clotting activity of native F.XIa in unactivated PTT assays using F.XI deficient plasma. In addition, when compared to native F.XIa, monomeric F.XIa gave 65% amidolytic activity against the substrate, S-2366, and 75% activity against Factor IX in assays of the release of the activation peptide from 3H-Factor IX. Polystyrene tubes were coated with HMWK then blocked with 1% BSA to study the binding of 125I-F.XI to HWMK. When the binding of the 125I-labeled preparations of monomeric and dimeric forms of F.XI to HMWK was studied, two distinct components were identified in the association of dimeric F.XI, one with high affinity (Kd ∼ 2.5 X 10-9M) and one with less affinity (Kd ∼ 1.7 X 10-8M), while the binding of monomeric F.XI occurred with a single low affinity component (Kd ∼ 1.1 X 10-8M). These observations suggest that the dimeric structure of F.XI is required for efficient binding of the molecule to HMWK and for normal activation by the contact activation system in plasma, but that the dimeric structure of F.XIa does not play a role in the expression of the enzymatic activity against Factor IX in fluid phase.
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Reports on the topic "H bond activation"

1

Lees, Alistair J. Photochemistry of Intermolecular C-H Bond Activation Reactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/761218.

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2

Asplund, M. C. Time resolved infrared studies of C-H bond activation by organometallics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/290889.

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3

Lees, A. J. [Photochemistry of intermolecular C-H bond activation reactions]. Progress report, [September 15, 1994--March 15, 1995]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/35271.

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4

Chemistry of oxygenates on transition metal surfaces: Activation of C- H, C-C, and C-O bonds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7202787.

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5

Chemistry of oxygenates on transition metal surfaces: Activation of C- H, C-C, and C-O bonds. Progress report, December 15, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10182066.

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