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Ebeling, Adierson Gilvani. "Caracter?sticas Estruturais da Mat?ria Org?nica em Organossolos H?plicos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1838.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil.
The Histosols have a small geographic extension in the Brazilian territory; however, they are intensively used in family agriculture systems and have a great environmental importance. The drainage of Histosols leads to the subsidence process and other changes in the soil organic matter (SOM), with consequences in their characteristics and potential. The nature of humic substances (HSs) is determinant in the alterations of the Histosols. The characterization of the HSs allows the understanding of processes of SOM transformation in the Histosols, and their environmental impact. The objectives of this study were: to characterize Histosols from different environments and land usage intensity; and to evaluate alterations in humic fractions of SOM, by using elemental composition analyses, spectroscopic, thermal degradation, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The study was developed in eight Histosols, from the States of Rio de Janeiro, Maranh?o and Paran?, in Brazil. Their chemical properties: total organic carbon (TOC), pH, sum of bases (SB), H+, Al3+, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and V%; and physical properties: bulk density (BD), MR, MM, and OMD, were evaluated. Also, the quantitative fractionating of the HSs: fulvic acid (C-FAF), humic acid (CHAF), and humin (C-HUM), and C-FAH/C-FAF relations, C-EA/C-HUM (C-EA = C-FAF + C-FAH). The humic acids were extracted using the method of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS), and evaluated by different techniques. The chemical attributes varied with the intensity of burning and agricultural usage. Though, in general, the Histosols presented low natural fertility, and it was related to the humic acid fraction (high ratio CFAH/ C-FAF). Amongst the SOM fractions the HUM predominated, with an average value of 59.98% of total carbon determined by the CHN; followed by the FAH. The C-FAH/C-FAF ratio diminished with the increase of agriculture usage intensity. The results of the TGI (Thermal Gravimetric Index) suggested strong resistance to thermal degradation of majority of the organic horizons. The elemental composition (%C, %H, %N, %O) of the humic acids showed large amplitude of variation between the horizons, but no pattern was observed between the Histosols. The increase of carbon content, the high values of TGI, and the reduction of oxygen content in the humic acids (HA) might explain the high thermal decomposition resistance found in the HA extracted form the Histosols. A correlation between H/C and TGI was observed, where the lower values of H/C were related to the highest resistance of the humic acids to thermal degradation. The spectroscopic and NMR techniques allowed characterizing compounds and groups of substances in the HA, showing the great potential of these tools in studies of HS from Histosols. The multivariate methods allowed a combined analysis of techniques applied in the study, showing a group of labile and recalcitrance materials in the soils. The results, in general, indicated the fragility of the Histosols areas, in terms of agricultural management and the formation environment. Their importance for the environment should be priority in comparison to agricultural usage, mainly due to their relevant part in the aquifers preservation.
Os Organossolos t?m pequena representatividade geogr?fica no Brasil, entretanto, s?o utilizados intensamente em modelos de agricultura familiar e t?m grande import?ncia ambiental. Por?m, a sua drenagem conduz ao processo de subsid?ncia e outras modifica??es na mat?ria org?nica do solo (MOS), com implica??es nas caracter?sticas dos Organossolos e em sua potencialidade. A natureza das subst?ncias h?micas (SHs) ? determinante nessas altera??es nos Organossolos. A caracteriza??o das SHs permite a compreens?o dos processos de transforma??o da MOS nos Organossolos e seu impacto no ambiente. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: caracterizar Organossolos em v?rios ambientes e intensidade de uso agr?cola e avaliar altera??es nas fra??es humificadas da MO, atrav?s de t?cnicas de an?lise da composi??o elementar, espectrosc?picas, termodegradativas e de resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear (RMN). Foram estudados oito perfis de solos, nos Estados do Rio de Janeiro, Maranh?o e Paran?. Foram avaliadas as suas propriedades qu?micas: carbono org?nico total (COT), pH, soma de bases (SB), H+, Al3+, CTC e V%; e propriedades f?sicas: densidade do solo (Ds), RM, MM e DMO. Al?m do fracionamento quantitativo das SHs: ?cidos f?lvicos (C-FAF), ?cidos h?micos (C-FAH) e humina (C-HUM), e rela??es C-FAH/C-FAF, C-EA/CHUM (C-EA = C-FAF + C-FAH). Os ?cidos h?micos (AH) foram extra?dos pelo m?todo da Sociedade Internacional de Subst?ncias H?micas (IHSS) e avaliados por distintas t?cnicas. Os atributos qu?micos variaram com o efeito das queimadas e da intensidade de uso agr?cola; por?m, em geral, os Organossolos apresentaram baixa fertilidade natural, a qual, em geral, esteve relacionada ? fra??o ?cido h?mico (maior raz?o C-FAH/C-FAF). Dentre as fra??es da MO, a HUM predominou, com valor m?dio de 59,98% do carbono total determinado pelo CHN, seguida da FAH. A rela??o C-FAH/C-FAF diminuiu a medida que o uso agr?cola ? intensificado. Os dados do ITG (?ndice Termogravim?trico) sugeriram forte resist?ncia ? termodegrada??o para a maioria dos horizontes org?nicos. A composi??o elementar (%C, %H, %N, %O) dos ?cidos h?micos apresentou grande amplitude entre os horizontes, por?m sem padr?o diferenciado entre os Organossolos. O aumento do conte?do de carbono, os altos valores de ITG e a diminui??o do conte?do de oxig?nio nos ?cidos h?micos podem explicar a maior resist?ncia a termodecomposi??o dos AH extra?dos dos Organossolos. Foi observada correla??o entre a raz?o H/C e o ITG, onde os menores valores de H/C estiveram relacionados a maior resist?ncia dos AH ? termodegrada??o. As t?cnicas espectrosc?picas e de RMN permitiram caracterizar compostos e grupamentos nos AH, demonstrando o potencial dessas ferramentas nos estudos de SHs provenientes de Organossolos. Os m?todos de an?lise multivariada permitiram uma avalia??o conjunta das t?cnicas utilizadas, mostrando um grupo de amostras l?beis e recalcitrantes nos solos. Os resultados encontrados, em geral, indicam a fragilidade das ?reas de Organossolos, em fun??o do manejo para agricultura e do seu ambiente de forma??o. A sua import?ncia em termos ambientais deveria ser priorizada em rela??o ao uso agr?cola, principalmente pelo papel relevante na preserva??o de aqu?feros.
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SOUZA, Luiz Gilberto Ambr?sio de. "Caracteriza??o estrutural da mat?ria org?nica do solo, glomalina e subst?ncias h?micas de diferentes ambientes e origens." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1907.
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CNPq
Glomalin is regarded as a hydrophobic, heat-stable and recalcitrant glycoprotein produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Such characteristics possibly result in high amounts of this protein in the soils, as well as a reduced rate of decomposition, and it is considered an important fraction of soil organic matter. Humic Substances (HS) have been recognized for a long time as the organic component most widely distributed on the planet, present both in terrestrial and aquatic environments. They are formed from chemical and biological degradation of residues from plants, animal and microbial activity. Although with some progress on structural aspects of glomalin and humic substances, there are few studies that describe their structural differences using a spectroscopic and chemometric approach. To search for answers for these questions, having as a reference the existing environmental and ecological relationships, this study aimed to confirm the structural relationship (differences and similarities) between the glomalin and humic substances obtained from different sources, through the isolation and purification of soil protein fractions related to glomalin (Glo), and the humic substances (HSs) fractions from different environments and composted materials; characterizing glomalin and humic substances obtained by chemical, physical and spectroscopic techniques (elemental composition, UV-vis, FTIR, 13 C CP-MAS RMN, EMS), and by using chemometric techniques (Unscrambler? X 10.3).
A glomalina ? considerada como uma glicoprote?na hidrof?bica, termoest?vel e recalcitrante produzida pelos Fungos Micorr?zicos Arbusculares (FMA). Tais caracter?sticas possivelmente implicam em altas quantidades desta prote?na nos solos bem como uma reduzida taxa de decomposi??o, sendo considerada como uma importante fra??o da mat?ria org?nica do solo. As Subst?ncias H?micas (SH) t?m sido reconhecidas durante muito tempo como o componente org?nico mais amplamente distribu?do no planeta, presentes tanto em ambientes terrestres quanto aqu?ticos. Elas s?o formadas a partir da degrada??o qu?mica e biol?gica de res?duos de plantas, animais e da atividade microbiana. Embora existam alguns avan?os sobre aspectos estruturais da glomalina e as subst?ncias h?micas, ainda s?o escassos os estudos que descrevem as suas diferen?as estruturais utilizando uma abordagem espectrosc?pica e quimiom?trica. Buscando encontrar respostas a estes questionamentos, assumindo como base de estudo a rela??o ambiental e ecol?gica existente, este estudo tem como objetivo confirmar a rela??o estrutural (diferen?as e semelhan?as) existente entre a glomalina e as substancias h?micas de diferentes origens, atrav?s do isolamento e purifica??o das fra??es da prote?na do solo relacionada ? glomalina (Glo) e as fra??es de subst?ncias h?micas (SHs) de diferentes ambientes e materiais compostados; caracterizando a glomalina e as subst?ncias h?micas obtidas atrav?s de t?cnicas qu?micas, f?sicas e espectrosc?picas (composi??o elementar, UV-vis, FTIR, CP-MAS 13C RMN, MEV) e atrav?s da utiliza??o de t?cnicas quimiom?tricas (Unscrambler? X 10.3).
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Maione, Alberto. "Variational convergences for functionals and differential operators depending on vector fields." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/283145.
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In this Ph.D. thesis we discuss results concerning variational convergences for functionals and differential operators on Lipschitz continuous vector fields. The convergences taken into account are gamma-convergence (for functionals) and H-convergence (for differential operators).
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Barral, Uidemar Morais. "Efeito de fontes e doses de ?cidos h?micos na produ??o do feij?o (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." UFVJM, 2015. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/805.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes)
A mat?ria org?nica (MOS) do solo consiste de uma mistura de compostos em v?rios est?gios de decomposi??o, resultante da degrada??o biol?gica de res?duos de plantas e animais, e da atividade de microrganismos, denominados subst?ncias h?micas (SHs). Essas subst?ncias fracionadas em ?cidos f?lvicos (AF), ?cidos h?micos (AH) e humina (H), de acordo com sua solubilidade em meio ?cido ou b?sico. Os AH t?m sido usados como fertilizantes aplicados diretamente no solo ou via foliar, principalmente por influenciarem o metabolismo das plantas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar em feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a influ?ncia de fontes e doses diferentes de AH, na produ??o, crescimento radicular e absor??o de nutrientes e biodisponibilidade de nutrientes no solo. O experimento foi conduzido utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados com 15 tratamentos, sendo estes as fontes de AH (turfa - 1, composto - 2 e produto comercial - 3) e as doses de AH (0, 2, 8, 16 e 32 kg ha-1), com quatro repeti??es. Foram avaliadas: altura das plantas (cm), di?metro do caule (cm), teor de clorofila (?g cm-2) e teor de macro e micronutrientes nas folhas no florescimento do feijoeiro e ao fim do experimento, peso de sementes (g), massa seca da parte a?rea e de ra?zes (g), n?mero de vagem por planta e de sementes por vagem e no solo: pH em ?gua e teores de mat?ria org?nica, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al e H+Al. A aplica??o de AH reduziu o crescimento e produ??o de gr?o, com aumento das doses em cada fonte, seguindo a ordem fonte 3 > fonte 1 > fonte 2. Os teores de P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn nas folhas foram influenciados pelas doses de todas as fontes de AH. Houve redu??o para maioria dos nutrientes quantificados nas folhas com aumento das doses de AH. Os teores de P e K se elevaram no solo, com a aplica??o de AH. Para condi??es testadas, n?o se recomenda utiliza??o de AH para cultura do feijoeiro.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015.
ABSTRACT The soil organic matter (SOM) consists of a mixture of compounds in many decomposition stages, the result of biological degradation of residues of plants and animals, and microorganisms activity, called humic substances (HS). These substances are fractionated into fulvic acids (FA), humic acids (HA) and humin (H), according to their solubility in acidic or basic medium. HA have been used as fertilizers directly applied to the soil or via foliar, mainly because they influence plants metabolism. The main goal of this study was evaluating, in bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the influence of sources and different doses of HA in production, root growth, nutrients absorption and bioavailability of nutrients in the soil. The experiment was conducted using randomized block design with 15 treatments, which are the sources of HA (peat ? 1, compound ? 2 and commercial product ? 3) and doses of HA (0, 2, 8, 16 e 32 kg ha-1), with four repetitions. Evaluations were made on: plants height (cm), stem diameter (cm), chlorophyll content (?g cm-2) and content of macro and micronutrients in the leaves in the flowering stages and in the end of the experiment, seeds weight (g), dry matter of the aerial part and roots (g), number of pods per plant and seeds per pod, and in the soil: pH in water and contents of organic matter, P, K, Ca, Mg, Al and H+Al. Application of HA reduced bean growth and production, with increase of doses in each source, following order: source 3 > source 1 > source 2. Contents of P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in the leaves were influenced by the doses of all HA sources. Most of the nutrients quantified in the leaves were reduced with increasing HA doses. Contents of P and K were increased in the soil with application of HA. For tested conditions, the use of HA for bean culture is not recommended.
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Fontana, Ademir. "Fracionamento da mat?ria org?nica e caracteriza??o dos ?cidos h?micos e sua utiliza??o no Sistema Brasileiro de Classifica??o de Solos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/317.
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Previous issue date: 2009-04-03Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The importance of soil organic matter in pedology and especially soil classification studies can be substantiated by the use of attributes such as organic carbon content, degree of organic matter decomposition from the fibers content. Recent studies in Brazil with humic substances report establishment of standards that could be used to differentiate soil horizons (diagnostic attributes), soil horizon classification and the relationship with properties that connote soil fertility. This study had as objectives: to characterize humic substances and humic acids of different diagnostic soil horizons of Brazilian soils; b) to propose the utilization of attributes related to humic substances in the characterization of the lower hierarchical levels (family and series) of the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS). The soil material utilized material from 169 diagnostic horizons or epipedons, identified as: 13 O histic, 30 H histic, 42 A mollic, 39 A umbric, and 45 B spodic horizons. In these horizons there were evaluated the chemical properties: TOC, pH, H+, SB (sum of bases), CEC and V% (base saturation); physical properties: sand, silt and clay contents; quantitative fractionating of humic substances: fulvic acid fraction (C-FAF), humic acid fraction (C-HAF) and humin (C-HUM), C-HAF/C-FAF, C-AE/C-HUM, and C-AE/COT ratio (C-AE = C-FAF + C-HAF), and the %FAF, %HAF, %HUM and %AE. In the purified humic acid (HA) spectroscopic analyses were performed on visible and infrared regions, elemental composition and termogravimetric analyses; in addition to that the alkaline extract (AE) was analyzed by spectroscopy on visible region. The quantitative fractionating of humic substances showed differential distribution between the types of diagnostic soils horizons, highlighting the O and H histic horizons, where the predominance of humin showed average around 53% and 39%, respectively, and followed by humic acids. Also, for the H histic horizon there were high values of the C-HAF/C-FAF ratio (average of 5.6). On the mollic epipedon it was observed predominance of humin with average around 71%, and low values of C-AE/C-HUM ratio (average of 0.2), and on the umbric epipedon humin predominance averaging 47%, followed by humic acids. On the spodic horizon there was predominance of fulvic and humic acids with average around 30% and 44%, respectively. On this horizon, the values of the C-HAF/C-FAF ratio were high, with average around 9.9 (most of them higher than 1.0), and the C-AE/C-HUM ratio averaged 16.5 (majority higher than 2.0). The evaluation of variables related to visible and infrared spectroscopic, elemental composition and termogravimetric of HA, and visible region for AE, showed similar characteristics and absence of a pattern independent ly of soils genesis. According to the distribution of humic substances the following differential characteristics were proposed to the SiBCS: Stable Organic Matter (surface mineral horizons) C-AE/C-HUM = 0.5, Iluvial Organic Matter (subsurface mineral horizons) - C-AE/C-HUM = 2.0, and Leaching Potential (system or soil) - C-HAF/C-FAF and C-AE/C-HUM = 1.0. Also, the establishment of classes according to humic substances was efficient to identify distinct groups based on their chemical properties. This result validates the proposal of using these variables to classify these horizons on the family and series levels, and contribute to structure the SiBCS in the lower hierarchical levels (5th and 6th).
A import?ncia da mat?ria org?nica do solo nos estudos de pedologia e em especial na classifica??o de solos pode ser constatada pela utiliza??o de atributos como os teores de carbono org?nico e grau de decomposi??o da mat?ria org?nica a partir do teor de fibras. Alguns trabalhos desenvolvidos recentemente no Brasil com subst?ncias h?micas em solos buscaram estabelecer padr?es que poderiam ser utilizados na separa??o de horizontes (atributo diagn?stico), classifica??o dos horizontes ou mesmo rela??es com propriedades ed?ficas que conotam fertilidade dos solos. Este trabalho teve como objetivos: caracterizar diferentes horizontes diagn?sticos de solos por meio das subst?ncias h?micas e dos ?cidos h?micos; e propor o uso de atributos relacionados ?s subst?ncias h?micas na categoriza??o dos n?veis hier?rquicos inferiores (fam?lia e s?rie) do SiBCS. Foram utilizados materiais de solo de 169 horizontes diagn?sticos, sendo: 13 O h?stico, 30 H h?stico, 42 chernoz?mico, 39 A h?mico, 45 B esp?dico. Foram avaliadas as propriedades qu?micas: COT, pH, SB, H+, Al3+, CTC e V%; propriedades f?sicas: areia, silte e argila; fracionamento quantitativo das subst?ncias h?micas: fra??o ?cidos f?lvicos (C-FAF), fra??o ?cidos h?micos (C-FAH) e fra??o humina (C-HUM), rela??es C-FAH/C-FAF, C-EA/C-HUM e C-EA/COT (C-EA = C-FAF + C-FAH) e a %FAF, %FAH, %HUM, % EA. Em ?cidos h?micos (AH) purificados foram realizadas an?lises espectrosc?picas na regi?o do vis?vel e infravermelho, composi??o elementar e termogravim?trica; al?m de, no extrato alcalino (EA) an?lise espectrosc?pica na regi?o do vis?vel. O fracionamento quantitativo das subst?ncias h?micas apresentou distribui??es diferenciadas entre os tipos de horizontes diagn?sticos de solos, destacando-se no O h?stico e H h?stico o predom?nio da humina com m?dia de 53% e 39%, respectivamente, seguido dos ?cidos h?micos e ainda para o ?ltimo, altos valores da rela??o C-FAH/C-FAF (m?dia de 5,6). No A chernoz?mico observou-se o predom?nio absoluto da humina com m?dia de 71% e baixos valores da rela??o C-EA/C-HUM (m?dia de 0,2) enquanto no A h?mico houve predom?nio da humina (m?dia de 47%), seguida dos ?cidos h?micos. No B esp?dico o predom?nio dos ?cidos f?lvicos e h?micos com m?dia de 30% e 44%, respectivamente, e altos valores da rela??o C-FAH/C-FAF com m?dia de 9,9 (maioria superiores 1,0) e C-EA/C-HUM com m?dia de 16,5 (maioria superiores 2,0). Pela avalia??o das vari?veis relacionadas ? espectroscopia do vis?vel e infravermelho, composi??o elementar e termogravimetria dos AH, e na regi?o do vis?vel para o EA, observou-se caracter?sticas semelhantes e aus?ncia de padr?o diferencial independente da g?nese dos solos. Com base na distribui??o das subst?ncias h?micas foram feitas as seguintes propostas de caracter?sticas diferenciais no SiBCS: Mat?ria Org?nica Est?vel (horizontes minerais superficiais) - C-EA/C-HUM = 0,5, Mat?ria Org?nica Iluvial (horizontes minerais subsuperficiais) - C-EA/C-HUM = 2,0 e, Potencial de Lixivia??o (sistema ou solo) - C-FAH/C-FAF e C-EA/C-HUM = 1,0. O estabelecimento de classes com os valores das subst?ncias h?micas tamb?m foi eficiente para individualizar grupos pela compara??o das propriedades qu?micas, o que valida a proposta de utiliza??o dessas vari?veis para a classifica??o desses horizontes nos n?veis de fam?lia ou s?rie e podem contribuir para a estrutura??o do SiBCS nos n?veis hier?rquicos inferiores (5? e 6?).
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Freire, Rafaela Dias de Arag?o. "Efeito de subst?ncias h?micas extra?das da mat?ria org?nica de turfeiras e de composto org?nico de res?duos da ind?stria t?xtil na reten??o de ?gua." UFVJM, 2013. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/490.
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A mat?ria org?nica do solo (MOS) relaciona-se intimamente com a capacidade de reten??o de ?gua pelo solo. As turfeiras e os compostos org?nicos s?o materiais ricos em MOS. O objetivo do trabalho foi quantificar a capacidade de reten??o de ?gua da humina (H) e dos ?cidos h?micos (AH) da mat?ria org?nica (MO) de turfeiras e de composto org?nico proveniente de res?duos da ind?stria t?xtil, puros e em mistura com areia. O fracionamento dos materiais seguiu uma adapta??o da metodologia da Internacional Humic Substances Society. Obtiveram-se os substratos advindos das seguintes propor??es de subst?ncias h?micas (SH), provenientes de turfeira e de composto, e areia (fina e m?dia): 0 % SH e 100 % de areia fina (AF) e m?dia (AM); 100 % SH e 0 % de areia AF ou AM; 75 % SH e 25 % AF ou AM; 50 % SH e 50 % AF ou AM; 25 % SH e 75 % AF ou AM. Com o aux?lio do extrator de Richards foram determinados os teores de ?gua retida nas tens?es de 0 (CMRA), 10, 100, 300, 500, 700 kPa, para todos os substratos. Foi feita a an?lise de vari?ncia. N?o se observou diferen?as estat?sticas entre substratos com 100 % de AF e AM. Analisando-se as diferen?as de reten??o de ?gua dos substratos com 100% de AH e da H, e as diferen?as de origem (composto e turfeira), encontrou-se as maiores reten??es para os substratos com AH e para os substratos com SH provenientes de turfeira. A humina ? a SH que predomina amplamente no composto de res?duos de industria t?xtil e de turfeira. A maior reten??o de ?gua, na CMRA e nas tens?es 10, 100, 300, 500 e 700 kPa, foi obtida pelo substrato com 100% de AH em rela??o aos substratos com 100% de H. Os substratos com diferentes propor??es de AH e areia apresentaram reten??o de ?gua semelhante aos substratos com diferentes propor??es de H e areia. O substrato que obteve as maiores reten??es de ?gua foi 75 % de SH e 25 % de AF. Os AH e a H apresentam hidrofilia e tem potencial para a fabrica??o do hidrorretentor org?nico sustent?vel. Pela modelagem de reten??o de ?gua, a perda de ?gua pelos substratos ? base de H ? bem mais evidente na CMRA. Para os substratos ? base de AH a perda de ?gua com o aumento da press?o aplicada se torna mais evidente nas propor??es de 75 % de SH e principalmente, na CMRA.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013.
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Campos, Jos? Ricardo da Rocha. "Caracteriza??o, mapeamento, volume de ?gua e estoque de carbono da turfeira da ?rea de prote??o ambiental Pau-de-Fruta em Diamantina ? MG." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, 2009. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/551.
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A turfeira ? formada pelo ac?mulo em sucess?o de restos vegetais, em locais que apresentam condi??es que inibem a atividade de microrganismos decompositores, como excesso de umidade, baixo pH, escassez de oxig?nio e temperaturas amenas. Em Diamantina, esse pedoambiente ? encontrado na ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental - APA Pau-de-Fruta, situada a 6 km da sede do munic?pio, a uma altitude m?dia de 1366 m. A APA est? inserida na Serra do Espinha?o Meridional, sua litologia ? predominantemente quartz?tica e a vegeta??o ? t?pica de campo rupestre, com pequenas ilhas de cerrado denominadas cap?es, que se adaptaram ao ambiente hidrom?rfico. O ambiente ? oligotr?fico e apresenta elevados teores de Al3+ e valores de satura??o por alum?nio. As turfeiras formadas nessa ?rea apresentam verticalmente uma estrutura bem definida, sendo que as camadas mais superficiais foram classificadas, de acordo com seu est?gio de decomposi??o, como f?bricas, as intermedi?rias como h?micas e as camadas mais profundas, como s?pricas. A turfeira, por ser um ambiente de ac?mulo de mat?ria org?nica em condi??es de baixa atividade de O2, favorece a forma??o e a manuten??o de subst?ncias h?micas, sobretudo as fra??es menos sol?veis, de forma que o teor de humina ? maior que os teores de ?cidos h?micos que, por sua vez, s?o maiores que o teor de ?cidos f?lvicos. A turfeira, devido ao seu comportamento tipo esponja, apresenta grande import?ncia na din?mica da ?gua nessa regi?o, de forma que, nos per?odos chuvosos, ela armazena ?gua em seus poros e a libera de forma gradativa com o passar do tempo. A turfeira da APA Pau-de-Fruta ocupa 81,75 ha, armazena cerca de 629.782 m3 de ?gua e estoca em torno de 33.129 toneladas de carbono. Dessa forma, a turfeira da APA Pau-de-Fruta representa um consider?vel reservat?rio natural de ?gua, bem como o importante ambiente de sequestro de carbono e ? fundamental para o abastecimento de ?gua da cidade de Diamantina.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2009.
ABSTRACT The Peat Bog is formed by the accumulation in succession of crop residues in places with conditions that inhibit the activity of microbial decomposers, such as excessive moisture, low pH, lack of oxygen and mild temperatures. In Diamantina, this is found in the Environmental Protection Area - EPA Pau-de-Fruta, situated 6 km from the headquarters of the city, at an average altitude of 1,366 m. The EPA is inserted in the Serra do Espinha?o Meridional, its lithology is predominantly quartz and its vegetation is typical of rocky field, with small islands of ?cerrado? (vegetation of the Brazilian interior) called ?cap?es?, which are adapted to the hydromorphic environment. The environment is oligotrophic and offers high levels of Al3+ and the values of saturation by aluminum. The bogs formed in this area have a vertically well-defined structure and, according to their stage of decomposition, the more superficial layers were classified as ?f?bricas?, the intermediate layers as ?h?micas?, and the deeper layers as ?s?pricas?. The bog, being an environment of accumulation of organic material under conditions of low activity of O2, promotes the formation and maintenance of wet substances, especially the less soluble fractions, so that the content of humin is greater than the levels of humic acids which in turn are greater than the content of fulvic acids. The bog, because of its behavior type sponge, has great importance in the dynamics of water in this region, so that in rainy periods it stores water in its pores and releases it gradually over the time. The bog of the EAP Pau-de-Fruta occupies 81.75 ha, stores about 629,782 m3 of water and stocks around 33,129 tonnes of carbon. Thus, the bog of of the EAP Pau-de-Fruta is a considerable natural reservoir of water, and an important environment of carbon sequestration and it is essential for the supply of water for the city of Diamantina.
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Harris, Scott H. ""The Great Unappreciated Man": A Political Profile of Alexander H H Stuart of Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625475.
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Rocha, Anne Kelly Freire da. "Caracteriza??o espacial de reservat?rios do semi?rido em fun??o da qualidade da ?gua atrav?s do uso de componentes principais." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16010.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-11A regi?o semi?rida sofre escassez h?drica. A fim de regularizar a disponibilidade h?drica nos per?odos de estiagem, s?o constru?das barragens. No entanto, a qualidade da ?gua armazenada tem sofrido os efeitos do descarte irregular de res?duos no meio ambiente e das atividades antr?picas exercidas nas bacias hidrogr?ficas. A degrada??o h?drica pode ser constatada a partir do monitoramento dos par?metros de qualidade da ?gua. Estes dados podem ser analisados atrav?s de m?todos estat?sticos tais como a An?lise de Componentes Principais e a an?lise de agrupamento, que seleciona indiv?duos com caracter?sticas semelhantes. O objetivo deste trabalho ? realizar oagrupamento dos reservat?rios do Rio Grande do Norte, com base nos par?metros de qualidade da ?gua, para a identifica??o de grupos homog?neos de reservat?rios em termos de fontes de polui??o. Ser?o objeto desse estudo as bacias Piranhas-A?u, Apodi-Mossor?, Trair?, Potengi e Cear?-Mirim. Os par?metros merc?rio, chumbo, cromo, f?sforo total, nitrog?nio total e zinco contribu?ram para a forma??o da primeira componente principal, que pode indicar polui??o por metais pesados; s?lidos totais, DBO, OD e cobre, para a segunda componente, que pode ser indicativo de polui??o por mat?ria org?nica e atividades antr?picas; e clorofila a , c?dmio e n?quel, para a terceira componente, que pode indicar eutrofiza??o e polui??o por metais pesados. De posse das componentes principais se procedeu o agrupamento dos reservat?rios, formando-se quatro grupos distintos. Os grupos 1 e 2 s?o constitu?dos por reservat?rios da Bacia Piranhas-A?u, que apresentou maiores valores de metais pesados. O grupo 3, constitu?do por reservat?rios das bacias Cear?-Mirim, Potengi e Trair?, apresentou maiores valores de DBO e s?lidostotais e o grupo 4 ? formado por reservat?rios da Bacia Apodi-Mossor?. Nas Bacias do Trar? e Piranhas-A?u deve ser coibido o lan?amento desordenado de efluentes e fontes de polui??o difusas, e implantado um sistema de coleta de esgoto para minimizar a polui??o por mat?ria org?nica
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Iwano, Masahiro. "Characteristics of gastric MALT lymphoma resistant to eradication of H. pylori." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124330.
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Buenaflor, Judith L. "Ursula Brangwen the lady of the dance /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1998. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1998.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2842. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves [1]-2. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-84).
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Patrón, Costa Pepi. "Acción política y banalidad del mal en el pensamiento de H. Arendt." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112898.
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Riedo, Roger. "Origin of the specific H reflex facilitation preceding a voluntary movement in man /." [S.l : s.n.], 1985. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Arvola, S. (Satu). "Kysymyksen jälkeiset vuoronalkuiset no(o)(h)-partikkelit Kiti Põldin näytelmässä Mata mind kaunilt." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201702231205.
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Bispo, Di?go Faustolo Alves. "Caracteriza??o qualiquantitativa dos recursos h?dricos e da din?mica do carbono de turfeiras das cabeceiras do Rio Ara?ua?" UFVJM, 2013. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/311.
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As turfeiras s?o importantes reguladores dos fluxos de ?gua e de elementos, principalmente do carbono, entre os compartimentos terrestres e aqu?ticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar qualiquantitativamente os Organossolos e os recursos h?dricos das turfeiras das cabeceiras do Rio Ara?ua? quanto ? disponibilidade h?drica e a din?mica do carbono no sistema solo-?gua. Coletou-se oito testemunhos representantes de quatro perfis de solo do Campo Limpo ?mido e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual de duas turfeiras nas cabeceiras de afluentes do Rio Ara?ua? (C?rrego Cachoeira dos Borges e Rio Preto), descritos e caracterizados f?sica, qu?mica, elementar e morfologicamente. Em tr?s pontos do curso d??gua de cada afluente e duas ?pocas (chuvosa e seca) foram coletadas amostras de ?gua e analisados os seus atributos f?sicos e qu?micos. Procedeu-se o mapeamento das turfeiras e o c?lculo dos volumes e fluxos de ?gua e de carbono. Empregou-se an?lise de vari?ncia para atestar o efeito das fitofisionomias, profundidades de amostragem e das intera??es destes fatores sobre as vari?veis do solo. Para os atributos da ?gua atestaram-se efeitos dos locais (afluentes), ?pocas de amostragem e das intera??es entre estes fatores. Boa parte dos atributos caracterizadores da mat?ria org?nica e a composi??o elementar do solo apresentaram diferen?as significativas entre os locais, fitofisionomias e profundidades de amostragem e variaram em fun??o da composi??o e grau de evolu??o do material org?nico. A maioria dos atributos f?sico-qu?micos das ?guas n?o diferenciou entre os locais e nem entre as ?pocas, mas foram influenciados pelos atributos dos Organossolos de onde se originam. A turfeira do Rio Preto estoca 4.299,39 t de C (206,70 t ha-1) e 227.258,15 m3 de ?gua (10.925,87 m3 ha-1) e a turfeira do C?rrego Cachoeira dos Borges estoca 14.781,09 t de C (184,10 t ha-1) e 745.950,30 m3 de ?gua (9.290,70 m3 ha-1). A vaz?o do Rio Preto foi de 0,023 m3 s-1 e do C?rrego Cachoeira dos Borges foi de 0,067 m3 s-1 no per?odo chuvoso. No per?odo seco estes cursos d??gua apresentaram vaz?o m?nima constante, demonstrando a capacidade das turfeiras de suas cabeceiras de perenizar a vaz?o. Estimou-se o lan?amento de uma carga m?dia de 360,84 t ano-1 de N e 6.812,73 t ano-1 de C e de 917,32 t ano-1 de N e 33.516,16 t ano-1 de C, respectivamente para o Rio Preto e C?rrego Cachoeira dos Borges. As turfeiras das cabeceiras dos afluentes do Rio Ara?ua? influenciam significativamente na vaz?o e na qualidade de suas ?guas, sendo urgente a necessidade de preserva??o destes pedoambientes.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013.
ABSTRACT The peatlands are important regulators of water flows and elements between terrestrial and aquatic compartments, especially of the carbon. The objective of this study was to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the Histosols and water resources of headwater from peatlands of the Rio Ara?ua? as to hydric availability and carbon dynamics in the soil-water system. Been collected eight testimonies representatives from four soil profiles of moist meadow and semi-deciduous seasonal forest in two peatlands in the headwaters of affluents of the Rio Ara?ua? (C?rrego Cachoeira dos Borges e Rio Preto), described and characterized physics, chemistry, elementary and morphologically. In three points of each watercourse affluent and two seasons (wet and dry) water samples were collected and analyzed their physical and chemical attributes. Been done the mapping of peatlands and the calculation of volumes and flows of water and carbon. It was used analysis of variance to attested effect of vegetation types, sampling depths and the interactions of these factors over soil variables. For the attributes of water attested effects of local (affluents), sampling periods and the interactions between these factors. Much of the attributes that characterize the organic matter and elemental composition of the soil, showed significant differences between the sites, vegetation types and depths of sampling and varied according to the composition and degree of evolution of the organic material. Most physical and chemical attributes of the water did not differ between the sites and between sampling periods, but were influenced by the attributes of the Histosols of where they originate. The peatland from Rio Preto stocks 4,299.39 tons of C (206.70 tons ha-1) and 227,258.15 m3 (10,925.87 m3 ha-1) of water and peatland from the C?rrego Cachoeira dos Borges stocks 14,781.09 tons of C (184.10 tons ha-1) and 745.950,30 m3 (9.290,70 m3 ha-1) of water. The flow of water of the Rio Preto was 0.023 m3 s-1 and of the C?rrego Cachoeira dos Borges was 0.067 m3 s-1 in the rainy season. These watercourses showed constant minimum flow in the dry season, demonstrating the capacity of peatlands its headwaters to maintain water flow. It has been estimated the launch of a load average of 360.84 tons year-1 of N and 6812.73 tons year-1 of C and of 917.32 tons year-1 of N and 33516.16 tons year-1 of C respectively for the Rio Preto and C?rrego Cachoeira dos Borges. The peatlands from the headwaters of the affluents of the Rio Ara?ua? have a significant influence the flow and quality of its waters, and the urgent need to preservation these pedological environments.
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Schneider, Achim [Verfasser]. "H∞-calculus for cone pseudodifferential operators and the Dirichlet to Neumann map / Achim Schneider." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122663501/34.
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Silva, Allan Rodrigues. "Energia e?lica em alto mar: distribui??o dos recursos e complementaridade h?drica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20631.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
A estabiliza??o da oferta de energia no Brasil tem sido um desafio para o planejamento do Sistema Interligado Nacional, diante das varia??es hidrol?gicas e clim?ticas. Termoel?tricas s?o utilizadas como fonte emergencial no per?odo de escassez h?drica. Por?m a utiliza??o de combust?veis f?sseis tem elevado o custo de produ??o, da energia el?trica. Por outro lado, a energia e?lica em alto mar (offshore) vem ganhando import?ncia no cen?rio internacional, e tornando-se competitiva a ponto de tornar-se uma possibilidade futura de gera??o no Brasil. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal desta tese foi investigar a magnitude e distribui??o dos recursos e?licos offshore, verificando tamb?m possibilidades de complementaridade com a fonte h?drica. Para isto, foi utilizado uma s?rie de dados de precipita??o do Climatic Research Unit (CRU) e conjunto de dados satelit?rios de velocidade de vento do projeto Blended Sea Winds da National Climatic Data Center (NCDC/NOAA). De acordo com crit?rios estat?sticos foi encontrado tr?s tipos de complementaridade presentes no territ?rio brasileiro: h?drica h?drica, e?lica e?lica e h?drica e?lica. Notou-se que houve complemento bastante significativo (r=-0,65) entre as fontes, h?drica e e?lica, principalmente das bacias hidrogr?ficas do sudeste e centro oeste com os ventos do Nordeste. Com intuito de refinar a extrapola??o dos ventos sobre o oceano, foi utilizado m?todo baseado na teoria de Monin-Obukhov para modelar a estabilidade da camada limite atmosf?rica. Foi utilizado o conjunto de dados de fluxos de calor, temperatura e umidade do Projeto Objectively Analized Air-Sea Flux (OAFLUX), al?m de dados de press?o ao n?vel do mar do projeto NCEP/NCAR e o modelo de relevo global ETOPO1 da National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC/NOAA). Verificou-se um bom recurso em ?guas rasas, entre 0-20 metros, estimados em 559 GW. A contribui??o do recurso e?lico em um reservat?rio, foi investigada com um modelo h?brido e?lico-hidr?ulico simplificado que permitiu o c?lculo do n?vel dos reservat?rios a partir de dados de vaz?o afluente, defluente e produ??o de turbina. Notou-se que o sistema h?brido evita os per?odos de estiagem, poupando continuamente ?gua dos reservat?rios atrav?s da produ??o e?lica. Assim, a partir dos resultados obtidos, ? poss?vel afirmar que os bons ventos das costa brasileira podem, al?m de diversificar a matriz el?trica, estabilizar as flutua??es h?dricas evitando racionamentos e apag?es, reduzindo o uso das t?rmicas que eleva o custo de produ??o e emite gases poluentes. Pol?ticas p?blicas voltadas ao incentivo da energia e?lica offshore ser?o necess?rias para seu pleno desenvolvimento.
The stabilization of energy supply in Brazil has been a challenge for the operation of the National Interconnected System in face of hydrological and climatic variations. Thermoelectric plants have been used as an emergency source for periods of water scarcity. The utilization of fossil fuels, however, has elevated the cost of electricity. On the other hand, offshore wind energy has gained importance in the international context and is competitive enough to become a possibility for future generation in Brazil. In this scenario, the main goal of this thesis was to investigate the magnitude and distribution of offshore wind resources, and also verify the possibilities of complementing hydropower. A data series of precipitation from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Blended Sea Winds from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC/NOAA) were used. According to statistical criteria, three types of complementarity were found in the Brazilian territory: hydro ? hydro, wind ? wind and hydro ? wind. It was noted a significant complementarity between wind and hydro resources (r = -0.65), mainly for the hydrographical basins of the southeast and central regions with Northeastern Brazil winds. To refine the extrapolation of winds over the ocean, a method based on the Monin-Obukhov theory was used to model the stability of the atmospheric boundary layer. Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Flux (OAFLUX) datasets for heat flux, temperature and humidity, and also sea level pressure data from NCEP/NCAR were used. The ETOPO1 from the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC/NOAA) provided bathymetric data. It was found that shallow waters, between 0-20 meters, have a resource estimated at 559 GW. The contribution of wind resources to hydroelectric reservoir operation was investigated with a simplified hybrid wind-hydraulic model, and reservoir level, inflow, outflow and turbine production data. It was found that the hybrid system avoids drought periods, continuously saving water from reservoirs through wind production. Therefore, from the results obtained, it is possible to state that the good winds from the Brazilian coast can, besides diversifying the electric matrix, stabilize the hydrological fluctuations avoiding rationing and blackouts, reducing the use of thermal power plants, increasing the production cost and emission of greenhouse gases. Public policies targeted to offshore wind energy will be necessary for its full development.
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Zeitouni, Anthony G. "A study of tonic otolithic and neck reflex stimulation on the H-reflex in man." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23952.
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At present, despite considerable interest there is no commonly used clinical test of otolith function. The aim of this study was to develop an otolith test which could be used in a clinical setting. Otolith stimulation was provided by Y-axis static head yawing while the subject was supine. Modulation of the H-reflex recruitment ratio was measured. Ten normal subjects and five patients who had suffered an acute vestibular lesion were tested. Since this rotation involved otolith and neck inputs, a control experiment assessed the contribution of neck inputs separately. Neither otolith and neck inputs combined nor neck inputs alone had a demonstrable effect on alpha motorneuron pool excitability. These observations contradict results in the literature. However, there exist important differences between this study and those in the literature. The findings reported here should motivate further work into the effects of otolith and neck inputs on lumbar motorneurons.
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Tömösközi, Mate [Verfasser], Frank H. P. [Gutachter] Fitzek, Michele [Gutachter] Zorzi, and Sergio [Gutachter] Palazzo. "Next Generation Header Compression / Mate Tömösközi ; Gutachter: Frank H. P. Fitzek, Michele Zorzi, Sergio Palazzo." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232410675/34.
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Clemens, Peter Ethan. "The intelligent man on the spot, Captain James H. Hausman in South Korea, 1946-1948." Kansas State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36182.
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Barboza, Rafael Silva. "Caracteriza??o das Bacias A?reas e Avalia??o da Chuva Oculta T nos Contrafortes da serra do Mar - RJ." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1251.
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Instituto Terra de Prote??o Ambiental, ITPA, Brasil.
The air basin is a three-dimensional space that conduct and distribute the winds over the drainage basin. In Rio de Janeiro?s state, 48% of the territory is constituted by Atlantic slope, where were registered 16 air basins with specific environmental features, distributed in 20% of the area. Based on the conformation of morphometrics parameters the air basins were grouped, by Multivariate Analysis - Cluster, with Euclidean distance of 48%, significance level of 95% and correlation coefficient of 0.7132, in 5 groups with similar forms. To evaluate the hydrologic effects within the air basins, it was used as a study case, the air basin of Angra dos Reis, where the magnitude of the interception of clouds was measured in the escape zone from the topographic divide of the Pirai river basin (leeward), in different distance away, with and without natural barriers, during the winter and summer. It was used vertical intercept sampling area equivalent to 0.45% of the forests in the region. The variation of the removal of the topographic divide occurred until 500 m of altitude, this limit may be the end of the escape zone and the beginning of the air basin distribution zone. The effect of air basin represented additional of 44% of the volume of rain in topographic divide (point 1), 39% at 4.5 km (point 2) and 42% at 7.5 km (point 3) of the point 1, in concordant direction of the flow. The effect of the orography in the trajectory of the winds, varied in an irregular way in winter and in summer, maintaining differential of 23% and 77% in point A (obstruction of 85% of the cross section) and 32% and 68% in point B (obstruction of 80% of the cross section). In areas under the influence of air basins, the variables and environmental processes can be crucial to offer environmental services in drainage basins.
A Bacia A?rea ? um espa?o tridimensional que conduz e distribui os ventos sobre as bacias hidrogr?ficas. No Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 48% do territ?rio ? composto pela vertente Atl?ntica, onde foram registradas 16 bacias a?reas com caracter?sticas ambientais espec?ficas, distribu?das em 20% da ?rea. Baseado na conforma??o de par?metros morfom?tricos as bacias a?reas foram agrupadas, atrav?s de An?lise Multivariada ? Cluster, com dist?ncia Euclidiana de 48%, n?vel de signific?ncia de 95% e coeficiente de correla??o de 0,7132 em 5 grupos com formas similares. Para avaliar os efeitos hidrol?gicos dentro das bacias a?reas, utilizou-se como estudo de caso a bacia a?rea de Angra dos Reis, onde a magnitude da vari?vel intercepta??o das nuvens foi medida na zona de escape, a partir do interfl?vio da bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Pirai (sotavento), em dist?ncias de afastamento distintas, com e sem barreiras orogr?ficas, durante o inverno e ver?o. Utilizou-se ?rea amostral de intercepta??o vertical equivalente a 0,45% das florestas da regi?o. A varia??o do afastamento do interfl?vio ocorreu at? desn?vel de 500 m em altitude, podendo ser este limite o fim da zona de escape e in?cio da zona de distribui??o da bacia a?rea. O efeito da bacia a?rea representou adicional de 44% em volume de chuva no interfl?vio (ponto 1), 39% a 4,5 km (ponto 2) e 42% a 7,5 km (ponto 3) do ponto 1 em dire??o concordante ao sentido do fluxo. O efeito da orografia no corredor variou de forma irregular no inverno e no ver?o, mantendo diferencial de 23% e 77% no ponto A (obstru??o de 85% da se??o transversal) e 32% e 68% , no ponto B (obstru??o de 80% da se??o transversal). Em ?reas sob influ?ncia de bacias a?reas, as vari?veis e processos ambientais podem ser determinantes para ofertar servi?os ambientais nas bacias hidrogr?ficas.
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CUSSAC, JEAN-MICHEL. "Devenir des patients hospitalises a la sortie du c. H. R. U. De saint-etienne : etude sur mai 1982 et mai 1983." Saint-Etienne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STET6030.
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ASSUN??O, Shirlei Almeida. "Efeitos nas fra??es da mat?ria org?nica do solo pela aplica??o de N- fertilizante em cana crua com deposi??o da palhada." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1409.
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CAPES
Faperj
Brazil is the biggest sugarcane producer of the world with cultivated area superior to nine millions hectares. To reach economically viable productivity levels it is necessary to make use of high amounts of N fertilizers. These fertilizers are high cost and they also can contribute to emission of greenhouse gases and pollution of watercourses, as well as, to influence directly on the decomposition of the soil organic matter (SOM). In this context to understand how interactions between nitrogen and SOM occurs in sugarcane fields is important from both economic and environmental points of view. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate quantity and quality of soil carbon when different doses of nitrogen are added in the form of ammonium sulphate in a sugarcane raw agro-ecosystem in an ultisol from Coastal Plains. The experiment was conduced in sugarcane fields renovated in 2009 in area of the company LASA alcohol distillery, in Linhares - ES, in an Ultisol with sandy to medium texture, from Coastal Plain environment. The variety of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) used was RB918639. There were evaluated five treatments of N ammonium sulphate doses: 0 (control), 80, 100, 120 and 160 kg of N per ha-1 with four repetitions, established under experimental design of randomized blocks. Each experimental unit (plot) was 70 m? (5 lines with 10 m, spaced by 1.4 m between lines). Samples of plant and soil were collected in September 2013 and 2014, corresponding to 4th and 5th harvest. The results indicated that among the N doses evaluated, the doses of 100 and 120 kg were the most efficient on accumulating carbon on the humic fractions, particle size, densimetric and oxidizable carbon fractions. The dose of 160 kg was the less effective to carbon accumulation on the humic fractions, particle size, densimetric and oxidizable carbon fractions. Total nitrogen, natural abundance of 13C and 15N, stem and straw production were not influenced by N rates, with no differences on any of the seasons. About the elemental composition of humic acids (HA), the quantities of chemicals were very similar between doses and coherent with results in the literature for the HA. In the E4/E6 ratio, the dose of 160 kg of N was the one with the lowest E4/E6 ratio. Regarding the infrared with Fourier transformation it was observed the predominance of aliphatic groups, and the analysis of major components enabled the clear separation of the effects from different N doses. In the 13CNMR prevailed larger amounts of aliphatic carbons, it was confirmed with the aliphaticity index of the samples, the results were above 80% for all samples. It was also verified through the 13 CNMR that the control area and the dose of 160 kg had the lowest aromaticity rates. Therefore, it was concluded that different fractionations of organic matter along with spectroscopic techniques were effective on evaluating the influence of different nitrogen doses to the decomposition of SOM.
O Brasil ? o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-a??car, com ?rea plantada que ultrapassa os nove milhoes de hectares. Para obter produtividade economicamente vi?vel da cultura, s?o utilizadas elevadas doses de fertilizantes nitrogenados. Tais fertilizantes possuem elevados custos economicos, podem contribuir para emiss?o de gases do efeito estufa e para polui??o de cursos de ?gua, al?m de infuenciarem de forma direta na decomposi??o da mat?ria org?nica do solo (MOS). Neste contexto, entender como ocorre a intera??o entre o nitrog?nio e a MOS no cultivo da cana ? importante tanto do vista economico quanto ambiental. Assim sendo o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a quantidade e qualidade do carbono do solo em fun??o de diferentes doses de nitrog?nio adicionado na forma de sulfato de am?nio no agroecossistema cana-de-a??car crua em Argissolo Amarelo de Tabuleiro Costeiro. O experimento foi instalado em canavial renovado em 2009, em ?rea cedida pela Usina LASA, no munic?pio de Linhares ? ES, em Argissolo Amarelo de textura arenosa/m?dia, no ambiente de Tabuleiros Costeiros. A variedade da cana-de-a??car (Saccharum spp.) utilizada foi a RB918639. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos/doses de N-sulfato de am?nio quais sejam: 0 (testemunha), 80, 100, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de N com quatro repeti??es, estabelecidos segundo delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso. Cada unidade experimental (parcela) tinha 70 m? (5 linhas com 10 m, espa?adas 1,4 m). As amostras de planta e terra foram coletadas no m?s de setembro de 2014, correspondendo ? 4? soca. Os resultados indicaram que as doses de 100 e 120 kg, foram as mais eficientes para acumular o carbono nas fra??es h?micas, granulom?tricas, densim?tricas e nas fra??es do carbono oxid?vel. A dose de 160 kg foi a menos eficiente para acumular o carbono nas fra??es h?micas, granulom?tricas, densim?tricas e nas fra??es do carbono oxid?vel. O nitrog?nio total, a abund?ncia natural de 13C e 15N e a produtividade de colmo e palhada n?o apresentaram diferen?as significativas. Na composi??o elementar dos ?cidos h?micos (AH), as quantidades dos elementos qu?micos foram bem semelhantes entre as doses e coerentes com resultados na literatura para os AH. Para o coeficiente E4/E6 a dose de 160 kg de N foi a que apresentou o menor coeficiente E4/E6. Em rela??o ao infravermelho com transforma??o de Fourier verificou-se o predom?nio de grupamentos alif?ticos, e a analise de componentes principais possibilitou a separa??o clara do efeito das diferentes doses de N. No RMN C prevaleceram maiores quantidades de carbonos alif?ticos, isto foi confirmado com o ?ndice de alif?ticidade das amostras que foram superiores a 80 % para todas as amostras. Verificou-se tamb?m atrav?s do RMN 13C que a testemunha e a dose de 160 kg foram as que apresentaram menores ?ndices de aromaticidade. Portanto, conclui-se que os diferentes fracionamentos bem com as t?cnicas espectrosc?picas foram eficientes para avaliar a influencia das diferentes doses de N na decomposi??o da MOS.
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Tombs, George 1956. "Man the machine : a history of a metaphor from Leonardo da Vinci to H. G. Wells." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84203.
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During the Italian Renaissance, artists and anatomists compared man to various mechanical devices, in an attempt to uncover knowledge about the structure and processes of the human body. In so doing, they drew on ancient Greek notions of instrumentality and proportion. During the early Scientific Revolution, the metaphor of Man the machine played a key role in the development of mechanistic philosophy. During the Enlightenment, it served views on materialism and atheism. By the nineteenth century, when the Industrial Revolution was in full swing, a fundamental change in the relationship of man to machine had come about. Whereas, for Protagoras, man had been the measure of all things, now suddenly the machine was the standard by which the capacities and limits of man were judged. Man the machine was a key feature in the development of the totalitarian ideology of Communism. Moreover, for over a century now, the technocratic viewpoint has guided many technological innovations. Tracing a history of this metaphor, through Leonardo, Vesalius, Harvey, Descartes, Hobbes, Leibniz, La Mettrie, d'Holbach, Marx and Wells, places man's relationship with technology and his gradual loss of identity since the Renaissance in a new context.
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Linser, Rasmus Jan. "Development and application of new methodology for 1 H-detected MAS solid-state NMR on biomolecules." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16199.
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In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit werden neuartige Festkörper-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Experimente vorgestellt, die eine direkte Detektion von Protonen einbeziehen. Die Technik basiert auf einer weitgehenden Verdünnung der Protonen durch Deuteronen in vollständig isotopenmarkierten, rekombinant exprimierten Proteinen und ermöglicht Festkörper-NMR mit sehr schmalen Linienbreiten aller standardmäßig erfassbaren Kerne (Protonen, Stickstoff, Kohlenstoff) ohne Hochleistungsentkopplung. Zusätzlich werden Methoden für ein besonders hohes Signal-zu-Rausch durch Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (PRE) entwickelt. Die so präparierten Proteine erweisen sich tauglich für eine stark verbesserte NMR-Charakterisierung durch eine Vielzahl neuer Struktur- und Zuordnungsexperimente, in denen Techniken aus Festkörper- und Lösungs-NMR vereint werden. Dabei können hier erstmals auch Bereiche im Protein mit einbezogen werden, die langsame Dynamik vollziehen. Die Experimente finden Anwendung auf die SH3-Domäne von alpha-Spektrin, das Alzheimer-Peptid Abeta1-40 und das Membranprotein Omp G.In this work, novel solid-state NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) experiments are presented that imply direct detection of protons. The technique is based on extensive dilution of protons with deuterons in uniformly labelled, recombinantly expressed proteins and allows for solid-state NMR providing very narrow lines of all commonly accessible nuclei (protons, nitrogen, carbon) without high-power decoupling. In addition, methods are developed that yield a particularly high signal-to-noise through Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (PRE). The accordingly prepared proteins are shown to be applicable for a significantly improved NMR-characterization by manifold new experiments for assignment and structure elucidation, in which techniques from solid-state and solution NMR are united. For the first time, also those regions in a protein can be accessed that undergo slow dynamics. The experiments are employed on the SH3-domain of alpha-spectrin, Alzheimer’s peptide Abeta1‑40, and the membrane protein Omp G.
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GUILLIER, MALASSIGNE VALERIE. "Infections nosocomiales et antibiotherapie au c. H. R. U. D'angers : enquete de prevalence (mai-juin 1989)." Angers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ANGE1066.
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Allaby, Geoffrey M. "Till provenance and glacial history of the Petitcodiac (NTS 21 H/14) map area, southeastern New Brunswick." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0027/MQ62111.pdf.
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Eckel, Isabella [Verfasser], Richard H. G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Bamler, Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Wunderlich, and Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] Burgard. "Particle Filters for Airborne Tracking and Lane-Level Map-Matching of Vehicles / Isabella Eckel. Betreuer: Richard H. G. Bamler. Gutachter: Thomas Wunderlich ; Richard H. G. Bamler ; Wolfram Burgard." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077867417/34.
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Ben, Jamaa-Joussemet Salma. "Codage-décodage source-canal conjoint des codes arithmétiques : application au décodage robuste des vidéos codées H.264." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112331.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte du codage/décodage source-canal conjoint (CSCC/DSCC) des codes arithmétiques (CA). Nous nous intéressons au décodage robuste des trames codées par CABAC, une version du CA adoptée dans des standards tels que le H. 264. Nous proposons un estimateur au sens du maximum a posteriori, sans approximations, prenant compte les contraintes d'une implémentation réaliste du CA. Pour l'évaluation de cet estimateur, nous utilisons les techniques de décodage séquentiel, qui posent, en revanche, des problèmes de complexité. Nous développons alors un critère objectif de décision permettant d'ajuster le compromis complexité-efficacité. Ensuite, nous nous intéressons à la caractérisation analytique de la robustesse des schémas de CSCC utilisant le CA. Dans ce but, nous représentons le CA par une machine à états finis pour générer un treillis bi-dimensionnel adapté à un décodage Viterbi. Ce treillis permet de calculer la distance libre et le spectre des distances du CA. Les outils analytiques développés sont exploitées pour concevoir un schéma de CSCC optimisé de manière à minimiser asymptotiquement la probabilité d'erreur symboleThis thesis deals with joint source-channel coding and decoding (JSCC/JSCD) schemes involving arithmetic codes (AC). First, we develop a JSCD technique based on MAP estimation of CABAC encoded data. This estimator is considered to be exact as it is evaluated without approximations and with respect of the constraints imposed by an actual implementation of AC. The evaluation of the proposed MAP estimator is achieved using an improved sequential decoding technique, allowing to adjust the decoder complexity-efficiency trade-off. The purpose of the second part of this thesis is to provide analytical tools to predict and evaluate the effectiveness of the redundancy introduced by the JSCC schemes into AC. Integer binary AC is then modelled by a reduced-state automaton to obtain a bit-clock trellis. Distance spectra are then derived. The obtained distance properties provide an objective criteria that are then exploited to design efficient error-correcting arithmetic codes
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Spielau, Claudia [Verfasser], D. [Akademischer Betreuer] Scheel, U. [Akademischer Betreuer] Johanningmeier, and H. P. [Akademischer Betreuer] Braun. "Isolierung pathogen-induzierter MAP Kinase-Signalkomplexe aus Arabidopsis thaliana / Claudia Spielau. Betreuer: D. Scheel ; U. Johanningmeier ; H.-P. Braun." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1024937879/34.
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Noll, Christian. "Die Wirkung von LDL und H2O2 auf den Na+/H+- Austauscher in humanen Thrombozyten via p38 MAP Kinase-Kaskade." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966555007.
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Leit?o, Eduardo Jos? Pereira de S? "Augusto Matraga: um h?r?i al?m do bem e do mal - uma perpectiva tr?gico-ntol?gica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16290.
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Previous issue date: 2006-12-19The present dissertation analyses the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) and the short story written by Jo?o Guimar?es Rosa (1908-1967), A hora e vez de Augusto Matraga (1946) seeking to point out the possibility of the philosophic application of some Nietzschean ideas to enlarge the aesthetic value of the short story. It has been especially aimed at applying the concept of the noble superior being described by Nietzsche, the ubermensch, to the hero s ontological nature, Augusto Matraga. Nietzsche s postulates of the will to power, the elements suggested of the trial between Dionysus and Apollo and the ascetic ideal, will be especially relevant to this work, which intends to establish until what point the hero can be conceived as a good ascetic person, in so far as his noble ontological nature trespass the Christian morality, bringing him closer to the man who, according to Nietzsche, is beyond good and evil. Some Heideggerian concepts will also be relevant in order to reinforce the idea that the judgment created about Matraga is just an appearance that does not contemplate his essential Being, contributing to veil his real tragic-ontological valour, what implies that the aesthetic power of the short has been under valued
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo comparar a filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) e o conto de Jo?o Guimar?es Rosa (1908-1967), A hora e vez de Augusto Matraga (1946), no intuito de revelar a possibilidade da aplica??o da filosofia nieztscheana para expandir o valor est?tico do conto e possibilitar a compreens?o do protagonista, Augusto Matraga, como o prot?tipo do ser superior nobre descrito por Nietzsche, o ubermensch. Considerando os conceitos do fil?sofo sobre a vontade de pot?ncia, os elementos dionis?aco e apol?neo, bem como o ideal asc?tico, pretende-se estabelecer at? que ponto o protagonista pode ser concebido como um bom asceta, na medida em que, devido a sua natureza ontol?gica nobre, transgride a moral crist? e se aproxima do conceito do homem que est? al?m do bem e do mal. Al?m da filosofia de Nietzsche, usar-se-? alguns postulados filos?ficos de Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) para refor?ar a id?ia de que o ju?zo criado sobre Matraga ? apenas uma apar?ncia que n?o contempla a ess?ncia do seu Ser, contribuindo para camuflar seu car?ter tr?gico-ontol?gico, o que implica na diminui??o da for?a est?tica do conto
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Newell, Marique H. "Lady of courage." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3154.
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Thesis (M.A.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 103. Thesis director: Stephen Goodwin. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 18, 2008). Also issued in print.
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Robu, Bogdan. "Active vibration control of a fluid/plate system." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1103/.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse au problème du contrôle actif des vibrations structurelles d’une aile d’avion induites par le ballottement du carburant dans les réservoirs qu’elle contient. L'étude proposée ici est concentrée sur l'analyse d'un dispositif expérimental composé d'une longue plaque rectangulaire en aluminium équipée d'actionneurs et de capteurs piézoélectriques et d'un réservoir cylindrique. La difficulté principale réside dans le couplage complexe entre les modes de vibration de l’aile et les modes de ballottement du liquide. Un modèle de ce dispositif à l’aide d’équations aux dérivées partielles est tout d’abord construit. Ce modèle de dimension infinie couple une équation des plaques avec l'équation de Bernoulli pour le mouvement du fluide dans le réservoir. En analysant la contribution énergétique des modes, une approximation en dimension finie, de type espace d'état est alors construite. Après une méthode de recalage fréquentiel du modèle, un contrôle est réalisé en utilisant dans un premier temps une méthode par placement de pôle et dans un deuxième temps, la théorie de la commande robuste H-infini. La dimension du modèle et les performances demandées imposent le calcul d’un contrôleur H-infini d'ordre réduit, conçu en utilisant la librairie HIFOO 2. 0 et testé sur le dispositif expérimental pour différents niveaux de remplissage. Finalement, le problème de la correction simultanée avec un correcteur HIFOO d'ordre réduit est aussi analyséWe consider the problem of the active reduction of structural vibrations of a plane wing induced by the sloshing of large masses of fuel inside partly full tank. This study focuses on an experimental device composed of an aluminum rectangular plate equipped with piezoelectric actuators/sensors at the clamped end and with a cylindrical tip-tank, more or less filled with liquid, at the opposite free end. The control is performed through piezoelectric actuators and the main difficulty comes from the complex coupling between the flexible modes of the wing and the sloshing modes of the fuel. First, a partial derivative equation model is computed by coupling a plate equation with a Bernoulli equation for the fluid motion. After analyzing the energetic contribution of each mode, a state space approximation is established. After a model matching procedure, a control is computed by using the pole placement method and the H-infinity theory. Due to the large scale of the synthesis model and to the simultaneous performance requirements, a reduced-order H-infinity controller is computed using the HIFOO 2. 0 package and tested on the experimental device for different filling levels. Finally, the problem of simultaneous control with a reduced order HIFOO controller is tackled. Experimental results of this non-convex optimization problem are given and commented
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Yang, Ping [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Graner, and Rod [Akademischer Betreuer] Snowdon. "Map-based cloning of susceptibility factors for Bymovirus in barley (H. vulgare L.) / Ping Yang. Betreuer: Andreas Graner ; Rod Snowdon." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047796503/34.
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Tekdal, Veysel. "The Role Of Intellectuals In Policy-making In The Post-mao China: Case Of Labor Contract Law." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615714/index.pdf.
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This research aims to examine the role of Chinese intellectuals in policymaking through the case of Labor Contract Law. Chinese intellectuals have played an important role in shaping of the post-Mao China. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leadership have always benefited from their expertise in formulation and development of the reform policies. Also, the fact that the CCP still need intellectuals&rsquosupport for ideological justification for its policies contributes to importance of intellectuals. In addition, intellectuals have affected the policy agenda-setting of the CCP leadership through their effects on the Chinese public opinion which has increasingly become influential since the 1990s. Furthermore, intellectual debates could function as a substitute for party politics in China&rsquo
s one-party system. These all jointly enhance the role of intellectuals in Chinese politics and make it a crucial subject to study. The case of this research, namely the Labor Contract Law, is selected not only for it received a high level of public attention, but also for it is closely related with one of the central matters of contemporary Chinese politics, i.e. economic development path and social justice. This inquiry into the making of the Labor Contract Law lead the author to emphasize that tension and animosity between liberal intellectuals and the authoritarian state, on which the existing literature largely focuses, is just one aspect of the intellectual politics in China. In the context of re-configuration of power and wealth due to the marketization, intellectuals&rsquo
position in the society has dramatically changed and patterns of the Party-intellectual relation have diversified. Thus, it is argued in this research that by taking into account the emergent market with its ideological effects and as an institutional force that is linked to intellectuals through ties with the new economic elite inside or outside the Party, parameters of intellectuals politics in China can be more accurately understood.
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Fonseca, Roberto Silva. "Religião e interioridade: o bem e o mal na vida de Martinho Lutero com o enfoque psicanalítico de Erik H. Erikson." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2496.
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Previous issue date: 2008-02-20The aim of his paper is to analyze Martin Luther s life, from the psychoanalytic view-point, by studying Erik Erikson s book Young Man Luther , A Study in Psychoanalysis and History. It is a very challenging bibliographic research, due to the amount of material produced up to now on Luther s life. A psycho-biography that aspires developing a profound and comprehensive study of a person whose magnitude of references is so vast is not an easy task. The first chapter s goal is to set up historical-scientific approach of the two protagonists. An exposition of Martin Luther s personal life is detailed firstly, beginning with his parents, reaching his individuality and his relationships with his wife and children. After that, a section will also be dedicated to Erik Erikson s life and thoughts, since he is taken as the point of theoretical reference to this piece of work. The second chapter consists in A Critical Dialogue With Erikson s Theory About Luther, elaborating a critical analysis of Erikson s book, Young Man Luther. This appreciation will be made on basis of the author of this paper s own thoughts, of ideas expressed by Luther himself, and of what other biographers have exhaustively spoken and written about his life. Finally, a critical appreciation and particular conclusions about the main characters will be expressed.
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a vida de Martinho Lutero do ponto de vista psicanalítico, através do estudo do livro de Erik Erikson, Young Man Luther, A Study in Psychoanalysis and History. É uma pesquisa bibliográfica muito difícil, devido a quantidade de material produzido até aqui sobre a vida de Lutero. Uma psicobiografia que aspire desenvolver um estudo profundo e compreensível de uma pessoa cuja magnitude de referências é tão vasta, não é uma tarefa fácil. O primeiro capítulo tem como meta fazer uma Aproximação Histórico-Científica dos Dois Protagonistas. Primeiramente será apresentada uma exposição detalhada da vida pessoal de Martinho Lutero, começando pelos seus pais, chegando na individualidade dele, e seu relacionamento com sua esposa e filhos. Depois disto, haverá também uma parte dedicada à vida e pensamento de Erik Erikson, que é o referencial teórico deste trabalho. O segundo capítulo consiste em um Diálogo Crítico Com A Teoria De Erikson Sobre Lutero, elaborando uma análise crítica do livro de Erikson Young Man Luther. Esta apreciação será feita com base em pensamentos próprios do autor desta dissertação, no que o próprio Lutero disse, e no que outros biógrafos falaram e escreveram exaustivamente a respeito de sua vida. Finalmente, uma apreciação crítica, e conclusões pessoais a respeito dos protagonistas.
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Pastrello, Maria. "Le problème du mal et la question de Dieu après Auschwitz : J. Maritain, G. Marcel, E. Lévinas, P. Ricoeur, H. Jonas." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040190.
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De quelle facon la philosophie aborde-t-elle le probleme du mal et la question de dieu apres auschwitz ? cette problematique constitue le point de depart du present travail. Si on considere auschwitz comme un lieu et un nom qui renvoie a des evenements precis, et symbolise en meme temps le mal dans ses formes extremes, en particulier la souffrance innocente, au xxe siecle, face a auschwitz, s'estimposee a la philosophie la tache de penser "autrement", en renoncant a la pretention d'expliquer le mal et de justifier dieu a travers la theodicee. Par consequent, c'est l'insuffisance des theories traditionnelles qui est venue au premier plan: les evenements, avec toute leur pesanteur, ont apporte un dementi aux tentatives de depasser le mal par une logique de retribution et de theodicee. Ce mouvement de la pensee contemporaine est illustre par le livre de job: les explications des amis de job face a sa souffrance se revelent insuffisantes et celui-ci, en renoncant a tout comprendre, noue finalement une relation differente avec dieu. Cette hypothese est verifiee en suivant la reflexion de quelques philosophes contemporains: j. Maritain, g. Marcel, e. Levinas, p. Ricoeur, h. Jonas, qui,d'une maniere differente et a partir de traditions philosophiques diverses, ont essaye d'affronter le defi et le drame d'auschwitz, en realisant ou en proposant, sans y reussir completement, comme dans le cas de maritain et de jonas, le depassement de la theodicee. Leur pensee nous permet de frayer un chemin dans la philosophie, pour montrer ses developpements face a l'experience de possibilites extremes de l'action humaine. Or, ce qui apparait c'est le deplacement de la raison du niveau theorique au niveau pratique: si on ne peut pas expliquer le mal, il s'agit de le combattre. Cela ne signifie pas renoncer a la tache de penser, mais faire ressortir un devoir ethique qui est symbolise par le mot de responsabilite. Etre responsable, comme le montrent bien levinas, ricoeur et jonas, est lepropre d'un etre fragile qui se prend soin de la fragilite d'un autre homme et du monde. Dans ce paradoxe se cache la reponse qui est action et devoir, et en meme temps une maniere differente de penser dieu.
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COINTRE, DECRE ISABELLE. "Epidemiologie de l'infection urinaire a e. Coli au service des urgences du c. H. U. De nantes (mars-avril-mai 1989)." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT066M.
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Pauw, Christiaan Johannes. "Die sistematies-teologiese betekenis van menslike behoeftes." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09292006-141208/.
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Thesis (D.D.(Dogmat.)--Universiteit van Pretoria, 2005.Title page in English. Used title page and an extra page with Afrikaans title for cataloging. Thesis in Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references (p. 359-368).
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Ramantswana, Hulisani. "Dominion, glory and the kingdom of "One like the Son of Man" : an exegetical study of Daniel 7:13-14 / H. Ramantswana." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/264.
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Daniel 7 has a twofold aim, on the one hand, it offers consolation of believers in the
midst of their tribulations under foreign kingdoms an invitation to them to show courage
and perseverance and on the other hand, giving them a future hope of an everlasting
kingdom. Daniel 7 contributes in telling of the supernatural intervention into human
affairs and furthermore verses 13-14 pictures an unusual phenomenon in the Old
Testament by picturing a humanlike figure intervening in the heavenly affairs for the sake
of people, with the heavenly realm becoming the center of events.
The full realization of the everlasting kingdom will come through the One like the Son of
Man. One like the Son of Man is regarded in the first place as a Representative
Individual: as a Representative, One like the Son of Man represents the saints of the Most
High (remnant of Israel) and as an Individual, One like the Son of Man is a heavenly
king. As king One like the Son of Man represents his own kingdom. In the second place
One like the Son of Man is regarded as the Most High. For to One like the Son of Man
belongs dominion, glory and the kingdom:
Dominion: ultimate supreme power;
Glory: ultimate imperial honour;
Kingdom: God's everlasting sovereignty.
In the person of Jesus can be noted the progressive revelation regarding the kingdom,
dominion and glory. In Jesus, the Son of Man, God fulfilled the core of the Old
Testament expectation. The complete realization of these three aspects in the person of
Jesus the Messiah is still in the future. Jesus, the Messiah, the Son of Man is the ultimate
authority over all, whether on earth or in heaven. The Kingship of Jesus, the glorified
king is present here and now, and yet its full realization is still to come.Thesis (M.Th. (Old Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Dantas, Sebasti?o Gilton. "Crescimento inicial e morfologia foliar em plantas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. E Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth, sob estresse h?drico." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13517.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-28The Caatinga is the predominant vegetation type in semi-arid region of Brazil, where many inhabitants depend on hunting and gathering for survival, obtaining resources for: food and feed, folk medicine, timber production, etc. It‟s the dry ecosystem with highest population density in the world. The early stages of development are the most critical during the life cycle of a flowering plant and they‟re primordial to its establishment in environments exposed to water stress. Information about adjustments to the growth of the species, correlated with their studies of distribution in Serid? oriental potiguar, are an important ecological and economic standpoint, because they provide subsidies for the development of cultivation techniques, to programs of sustainable use and recovery of degraded areas. This thesis aimed to study the initial growth and foliar morphology in plants like Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. (tamboril) and Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth (mulungu), species of occurrence in the Caatinga, under water stress. After sowing and emergency, the seedlings were exposed to three water regimes: 450 (control), 225 (moderate stress) and 112.5 (severe stress) mm of water slide for 40 days. Seeding occurred in bags of 5 kg and after the establishment of seedlings thinning was carried out leaving a plantlet per bag. At the beginning the waterings occurred daily with distilled water, passing to be on alternate days after thinning. Twenty and forty days after the thinning seedlings collections were held to be done analysis of growth and biomass partition. When compared to the control group, the treatments with water stress showed reduction in the growth of the aerial part, growth of the greater root, number of leaves and leaflets, dry leaf area and total phytomass in both species, but in general, this effect was most marked for E. velutina. Regarding the partition of biomass, there were few changes throughout the experiment. Morphological changes in the leaves as a function of stress were not significant, however, there was a trend, in both species, to produce narrower leaves, that facilitate heat loss to the environment. It has not been possible to establish a positive relationship between inhibition of growth and distribution of species, whereas E. velutina is a species of most common occurrence in Serid? oriental potiguar. In this way, other aspects should be taken into account when studying the adaptation of species the dry environments, such as salinity, presence of heavy metals, wind speed, etc
A Caatinga ? o tipo vegetacional predominante no semi?rido do Brasil, onde muitos habitantes dependem do extrativismo para sobreviv?ncia, obtendo recursos para: alimenta??o humana e animal, medicina popular, produ??o madeireira, etc. ? o ecossistema seco com maior densidade populacional no mundo. Os est?dios iniciais de desenvolvimento s?o os mais cr?ticos durante o ciclo de vida de um vegetal, sendo primordiais para seu estabelecimento em ambientes sujeitos a estresse h?drico. Informa??es, sobre adapta??es do crescimento das esp?cies, correlacionadas com estudos de sua distribui??o no Serid? Oriental potiguar, s?o importantes do ponto de vista ecol?gico e econ?mico, pois fornecem subs?dios para o desenvolvimento de t?cnicas de cultivo, para programas de explora??o sustent?vel e de recupera??o de ?reas degradadas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o crescimento inicial e a morfologia foliar em plantas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. (tamboril) e Erythrina velutina Mart. ex Benth (mulungu), esp?cies de ocorr?ncia na Caatinga, sob estresse h?drico. Ap?s a semeadura e emerg?ncia, as pl?ntulas foram submetidas a tr?s regimes h?dricos: 450 (controle), 225 (estresse moderado) e 112,5 (estresse severo) mm de l?mina de ?gua por 40 dias. A semeadura ocorreu em sacos de 5 kg e ap?s o estabelecimento das pl?ntulas, foi realizado desbaste deixando uma pl?ntula por saco. No in?cio as regas ocorreram diariamente com ?gua destilada, passando a serem em dias alternados ap?s o desbaste. Vinte e quarenta dias ap?s o desbaste foram realizadas coletas de pl?ntulas para serem feitas an?lises de crescimento e parti??o de biomassa. Quando comparadas ao grupo controle, os tratamentos com estresse h?drico apresentaram redu??o no crescimento da parte a?rea, crescimento da maior raiz, fitomassa seca total, n?mero de folhas e fol?olos e ?rea foliar em ambas as esp?cies, sendo que em geral, este efeito foi mais marcante para E. velutina. Quanto ? parti??o de biomassa, ocorreram poucas altera??es ao longo do experimento. As altera??es morfol?gicas nas folhas em fun??o do estresse n?o foram significativas, por?m, houve uma tend?ncia, em ambas as esp?cies, de produ??o de folhas mais estreitas, que facilitam a perda de calor para o meio. N?o foi poss?vel estabelecer uma rela??o positiva entre inibi??o do crescimento e distribui??o das esp?cies, visto que E. velutina ? esp?cie de ocorr?ncia mais comum no Serid? Oriental. Desta forma, outros aspectos devem ser levados em considera??o ao se estudar a adapta??o das esp?cies a ambientes secos, tais como: salinidade, presen?a de metais pesados, velocidade do vento, etc
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Saik, Oy Mooi. "A critique of Maslow's theory of work motivation in light of the biblical view of man with implications for educational ministry in the local church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
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Quintino, Erika Patr?cia. "Ecologia e comportamento do bugio vermelho (Alouatta puruensis) em um fragmento florestal em Rolim de Moura, Rond?nia." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5979.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Forest loss and fragmentation affect habitat quality for arboreal species. Among New World monkeys, howlers (Alouatta spp.) stand out for their ability to survive in fragmented and human-altered forests. This dissertation reports the results of the first study on the ecology and behavior of the Pur?s red howler monkey (Alouatta puruensis). A social group composed of seven individuals (an adult male, three adult females, a subadult male, a juvenile male, and an infant male) was observed from dawn to dusk during six 15-day periods (=90 days of sampling effort or 1,044 hours of observation) from April to October 2013 in a 2,2-ha forest fragment in Rolim de Moura, state of Rond?nia, Brazil. The behavior of the study subjects was recorded using the instantaneous scan sampling method. The study group spent most of the day resting (69% of records), followed by moving (17%) and feeding (12%), and fed on a predominantly folivorous diet (61% of feeding records) that was complemented with flowers (23%) and fruits (15%) belonging to, at least, 36 species. The group ranged over the entire area of the fragment and traveled between 257 and 860 m each day. Quadrupedal walking was by far the most common locomotor mode (97% of records) and sitting was the most common feeding (53%) and resting (57%) posture. The type of food influenced the use of feeding postures. The howlers also adopted a thermoregulatory behavior during resting, increasing the use of heat dissipating postures and the selection of shady places with increasing ambient temperatures. This research also produced the first report of a predation event of a howler monkey by a snake (boa Boa constrictor). In sum, Pur?s red howler monkeys (A. puruensis) show a behavioral pattern characteristic of the genus.
A perda e a fragmenta??o das florestas alteram a qualidade do habitat para as esp?cies arbor?colas. Dentre os primatas do Novo Mundo, os bugios (Alouatta spp.) destacam-se por apresentar uma grande capacidade de sobreviver em ambientes fragmentados e alterados pelo homem. Este trabalho relata os resultados do primeiro estudo sobre a ecologia e o comportamento do bugio-vermelho-do-Pur?s (Alouatta puruensis). Um grupo social composto por sete indiv?duos (um macho adulto, tr?s f?meas adultas, um macho subadulto, um macho jovem e um macho infante) foi observado do amanhecer ao p?r-do-sol durante seis per?odos de 15 dias (=90 dias de esfor?o amostral ou 1.044 horas de observa??o) de abril a outubro de 2013 em um fragmento florestal com 2,2 ha em Rolim de Moura, Rond?nia, Brasil. O comportamento dos animais foi registrado pelo m?todo de varredura instant?nea. O grupo de estudo alocou a maior parte do dia em descanso (69% dos registros), seguido por locomo??o (17%) e alimenta??o (12%), e utilizou uma dieta predominantemente fol?vora (61% dos registros de alimenta??o) complementada com flores (23%) e frutos (15%) de, pelo menos, 36 esp?cies. O grupo utilizou todo o fragmento como ?rea de vida e o percurso di?rio variou de 257 a 860 m. A caminhada quadr?pede foi o principal tipo de locomo??o (97% dos registros) e a postura sentado foi a mais utilizada durante a alimenta??o (53%) e o descanso (57%). A postura de alimenta??o foi influenciada pelo tipo de alimento explorado. Os bugios apresentaram um comportamento de termorregula??o durante o descanso, aumentando o uso de posturas dissipadoras de calor e a sele??o de locais ? sombra com o aumento da temperatura ambiente. Por fim, esta pesquisa produziu o primeiro relato de preda??o de um bugio por uma serpente (jiboia Boa constrictor). Em suma, o bugio-vermelho-do-Pur?s (A. puruensis) apresenta um padr?o comportamental caracter?stico do g?nero.
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Wichner, Dominik [Verfasser], Timo H. J. [Gutachter] Niedermeyer, Jörg [Gutachter] Degenhardt, and Yvonne Jasmin [Gutachter] Mast. "Isolation and characterization of novel anti-infective specialized metabolites from Actinobacteria / Dominik Wichner ; Gutachter: Timo H. J. Niedermeyer, Jörg Degenhardt, Yvonne Jasmin Mast." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233286498/34.
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Brito, Marcos Roberto Monteiro de. "Efeitos da fragmenta??o de h?bitat sobre borboletas frug?voras (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) em remanescentes de Mata Atl?ntica no Rio Grande do Norte." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ECOLOGIA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23594.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
A perda de h?bitat e a fragmenta??o est?o entre as maiores amea?as a biodiversidade, podendo levar a decl?nios de comunidades biol?gicas. As respostas a essas perturba??es dependem de fatores da paisagem e tamb?m de fatores intr?nsecos aos fragmentos, al?m de poderem ser diferentes entre esp?cies. O presente trabalho avalia como a ?rea do fragmento, isolamento, forma, qualidade da matriz e a dist?ncia para o curso de ?gua permanente (rio ou lago) mais pr?ximo afetam a riqueza e a abund?ncia de borboletas frug?voras em fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica no nordeste brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado em 15 fragmentos com ?reas entre 1,7 e 27,4 hectares, inseridos em uma matriz dominada por planta??es de cana-de-a??car e distantes da ?gua entre 0 e cerca de 2000 metros. A riqueza de esp?cies e abund?ncia declinaram com o aumento da dist?ncia para ?gua. A sele??o de modelos sugeriu que a dist?ncia para ?gua ? o principal fator influenciando riqueza e abund?ncia, mas qualidade da matriz tamb?m apareceu como importante fator para a riqueza, enquanto forma do fragmento aparece como fator importante para abund?ncia. Nossos resultados destacam a import?ncia da dist?ncia para um curso de ?gua na manuten??o de comunidades de borboletas frug?voras em ambientes fragmentados de Mata Atl?ntica.
Habitat loss and fragmentation are the biggest threats to biodiversity, contributing to declines in biological communities. The response of species and communities to these disturbances depend on landscape features and characteristics of each fragment, and can also vary among different species. Our study test how fragment area, isolation, shape, matrix quality and distance to the nearest permanent course of water (river or pond) affect fruit-feeding butterfly communities in the northeastern portion of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We used 15 fragments, surrounded by a heterogeneous matrix, consisting predominantly of sugarcane crop fields, ranging from 1,7 to 27,4 hectares, spread in distance classes to a permanent course of water ranging from zero to 2000 meters. Species richness and abundance decreased with increased distance to water. Model selection suggested distance to the water as the main factor affecting species richness and abundance, but matrix quality is also an important predictor for species richness, while fragment shape is important for abundance. Our results highlight the importance of distance to a water course in maintaining fruit-feeding butterflies communities in fragmented landscapes in the Atlantic Forest.
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Stone, Lucian W. "Blessed perplexity : the Topos of H[dotbelow]ayrat in Farid al-Din 'At[dotbelow]t[dotbelow]ar's Mant[dotbelow]iq al-t[dotbelow]ayr /." Available to subscribers only, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1240704141&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Santos, Vanessa Sardinha dos. "Morfoanatomia dos órgãos vegetativos de Chrysolaena simplex (Less) Dematt. E Lessingianthus buddleiifolius (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob. (Asteraceae) em ambientes rupestres da Serra Dourada, Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3698.
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Asteraceae is one of the most common families of cerrado herbs and subshrubs. Plants in this family vary widely in structure in response to environmental conditions. The present study aimed to characterize the morphoanatomy and histochemistry of aerial and underground organs of Chrysolaena simplex (Less.) Dematt and Lessingianthus buddleiifolius (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob., assess the occurrence of certain classes of secondary metabolites through phytochemical analyses, and study the effects of seasonality on morpho-anatomical and physiological traits. The study was carried out in an area of campo rupestre in the Reserva Biológica Prof. José Ângelo Rizzo of Universidade Federal de Goiás, inside Parque Estadual da Serra Dourada (PESD). Adult individuals of C. simplex and L. buddleiifolius were collected in the dry and rainy seasons. Samples were analyzed using standard techniques of plant anatomy and scanning electron microscopy. Fresh material was used for histochemical tests. The phytochemical analysis used standard reactions to detect classes of secondary metabolites. C. simplex e L. buddleiifolius had similar anatomical traits, such as amphistomatic leaves, monostratified epidermis, thin cuticle, glandular and non-glandular trichomes, anisocytic stomata, dorsiventral mesophyll, collateral vascular bundles and hydathodes. Histochemical tests identified the presence of lipophilic substances and phenolic compounds in the studied species. Phytochemical screening of leaf and stem samples detected the presence of steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and coumarins in both species. In contrast, saponins were only found in L. buddleiifolius. Seasonality affected the morpho-anatomy of the species studied, revealing their great phenotypic plasticity. The underground system of C. simplex was a rhizophore, while the system of L. buddleiifolius was a xylopodium. Secretory ducts were found in the adventitious roots of C. simplex, whereas the roots of L. buddleiifolius had secretory endodermis. Both species had lipophilic substances and inulin crystals. Crystals were observed in the entire rhizophore of C. simplex, but exclusively in the roots of L. buddleiifolius. The phytochemical analysis of the underground systems revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins and coumarins, but steroids and triterpenoids were only detected in C. simplex.
A família Asteraceae destaca-se como uma das mais frequentes entre as espécies do estrato herbáceo e subarbustivo do Cerrado e apresenta uma ampla variação estrutural em resposta às condições ambientais. O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar a morfoanatomia e investigar a presença de algumas classes de metabólitos secundários pela análise fitoquímica e histoquímica, bem como avaliar os efeitos da sazonalidade nas características morfoanatômicas e fisiológicas dos órgãos vegetativos aéreos e subterrâneos de Chrysolaena simplex (Less.) Dematt. e Lessingianthus buddleiifolius (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob. O estudo foi realizado em área rupestre, na Reserva Biológica da Universidade Federal de Goiás “Prof. José Ângelo Rizzo”, situado no Parque Estadual da Serra Dourada (PESD). As coletas foram realizadas durante a estação seca e chuvosa em indivíduos adultos de C. simplex, e L. buddleiifolius. As amostras foram submetidas às técnicas usuais em anatomia vegetal e eletrônica de varredura. Testes histoquímicos foram realizados em material fresco. Na análise fitoquímica foram empregadas as reações clássicas de identificação das classes de metabólitos secundários. C. simplex e L. buddleiifolius apresentam caracteres anatômicos em comum, tais como folhas anfiestomáticas, epiderme uniestratificada, cutícula delgada, tricomas glandulares e tectores, estômatos anisocíticos, mesofilo dorsiventral, feixes vasculares colaterais e a presença de hidatódios. Testes histoquímicos evidenciaram substâncias lipofílicas e compostos fenólicos nas espécies estudadas. A prospecção fitoquímica realizada em amostras da folha e caule revelou a presença de esteróides, triterpenoides, flavonóides e cumarinas em ambas as espécies. A presença de saponinas foi detectada apenas em L. buddleiifolius. A sazonalidade influenciou na morfoanatomia das plantas estudadas, demonstrando assim a grande plasticidade fenotípica dessas espécies. O sistema subterrâneo de C. simplex foi identificado como rizóforo, enquanto o de L. buddleiifolius um xilopódio. Foram identificados canais secretores nas raízes adventícias de C. simplex. Endoderme secretora foi observada nas raízes de L. buddleiifolius. Substâncias lipofílicas e cristais de inulina ocorreram nas duas espécies. Em C. simplex os cristais foram observados em todo o rizóforo, enquanto em L. buddleiifolius, foram observados apenas nas raízes. A análise fitoquímica dos sistemas subterrâneos revelou a presença de flavonóides, saponinas e cumarinas, sendo que esteróides e triterpenóides foram encontrados apenas em C. simplex.
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Sharif, Mohd Farid bin Mohd. "Concept of jihād and baghy in Islamic law : with special reference to Ibn Taymiyya." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8231.
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This thesis is about Ibn Taymiyya's thinking on jihād and baghy. It aims to make an important contribution to the study of early Islamic political thought. It considers how the terms jihād and baghy have developed and been expanded from the structure established by the Qur'an and hadith. It also examines the relationship between jihād and baghy in Islamic law and reveals the pivotal role of the imām in politics. The main focus of this study is Ibn Taymiyya's thinking on jihād and the fatwās that resulted from it, using hitherto overlooked printed materials. It also seeks to explain why Ibn Taymiyya upheld jihād against the Mongols, the Franks and the heretic Shī'a. The thesis is divided into four chapters and structured as follows. The first chapter deals with the life of Ibn Taymiyya. This chapter moves beyond conventional biography to relate the story of Ibn Taymiyya's life to the main events that occurred during the Mongols' incursion. The second chapter identifies what Meccan and Medinan Qur'anic texts say about jihād, and examines whether jihād is a mechanism of self defense or an act of aggression; it also explains the relationship between jihād and the establishment of dār al-Islām, dār al-ḥarb and dār al-'ahd. The third chapter considers Ibn Taymiyya's view on jihād. The fourth chapter analyses Ibn Taymiyya's view on baghy, and aims to arrive at a clearer picture of the relationship between Ibn Taymiyya's concepts of jihād and baghy.
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Subramanian, Vivek. "Content-aware Video Compression." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254394.
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In a video there are certain regions in the image that viewers focus on more than others, which are called the salient regions or RegionsOf-Interest (ROI). This thesis aims to improve the perceived quality of videos by improving the quality of these ROis while degrading the quality of the other non-ROI regions of a frame to keep the same bitrate as would have been the case otherwise. This improvement is achieved by using saliency maps generated using an eye tracker or a deep neural network and providing this information to a modified video encoder. In this thesis the open source x264 encoder was chosen to make use of this information. The effects of ROI encoding are studied for high quality 720p videos by encoding them at low bitrates. The results indicate that ROI encoding can improve subjective video quality when carefully applied.I en video £inns <let vissa delar av bilden som tittarna fokuserar mer pa an andra, och dessa kallas Region of Interest". Malet med den har uppsatsen ar att hoja den av tittaren upplevda videokvaliteten genom att minska kompressionsgraden ( och darmed hoja kvaliteten) i de iogonfallande delarna av bilden, samtid som man hojer kompressionsgraden i ovriga delar sa att bitraten blir den samma som innan andringen. Den har forbattringen gors genom att anvanda Saliency Mapsssom visar de iogonfallande delarna for varje bildruta. Dessa Saliency Maps"har antingen detekterats med hjalp av en Eye Tracker eller sa har de raknats fram av ett Neuralt Natverk. Informationen anvands sedan i en modifierad version av den oppna codecen x264 enligt en egendesignad algoritm. Effekten av forandringen har studerats genom att koda hogkvalitativa kallfiler vid lag bitrate. Resultaten indikerar att denna metod kan forbattra den upplevda kvaliteten av en video om den appliceras med ratt styrka.