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1
De las Peñas, Ma Louise Antonette N., Agnes D. Garciano, and Debbie B. Verzosa. "Weaving Mat(h)s." Mathematical Intelligencer 36, no. 4 (July 16, 2014): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00283-014-9462-4.
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Dronet, Marie-Alice. "�tre vu ���chec et mat(h)��." Le Carnet PSY N�224, no. 3 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lcp.224.0040.
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Huang, Zong-Zhi, Zebin Mao, Jiaxin Cai, and Shelly C. Lu. "Changes in methionine adenosyltransferase during liver regeneration in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 275, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): G14—G21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.1.g14.
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Liver-specific and non-liver-specific methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) are products of two genes (MAT1A and MAT2A, respectively) that catalyze the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the principal methyl donor. We previously showed that MAT2A expression was associated with more rapid cell growth. Here we examined changes in hepatic MAT gene expression and related consequences after two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. The mRNA levels of both MAT forms increased from 3 to 6 h, but the MAT1A level then fell below baseline from 12 to 24 h, whereas the MAT2A level remained elevated up to 4 days after PH. The increase in the MAT2A mRNA level was due to increased gene transcription and mRNA stabilization. The change in the MAT1A mRNA level was posttranscriptional and did not require de novo protein synthesis. Changes in MAT activity were consistent with an increased amount of MAT isozymes. SAM levels, the ratio of SAM to S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and DNA methylation fell from 6 to 24 h, whereas SAH levels increased slightly at 12 and 24 h after PH. Both increased SAM utilization and MAT2A gene expression likely contributed to the fall in SAM.
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Silbergeld, Ellen K. "Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Chemicals: Organic Compounds. Mat H. Ho , H. Kenneth Dillon." Quarterly Review of Biology 63, no. 2 (June 1988): 254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/415924.
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Burger, Magdalena, Sina Berger, Ines Spangenberg, and Christian Blodau. "Summer fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide from a pond and floating mat in a continental Canadian peatland." Biogeosciences 13, no. 12 (June 30, 2016): 3777–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3777-2016.
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Abstract. Ponds smaller than 10 000 m2 likely account for about one-third of the global lake perimeter. The release of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from these ponds is often high and significant on the landscape scale. We measured CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a temperate peatland in southern Ontario, Canada, in summer 2014 along a transect from the open water of a small pond (847 m2) towards the surrounding floating mat (5993 m2) and in a peatland reference area. We used a high-frequency closed chamber technique and distinguished between diffusive and ebullitive CH4 fluxes. CH4 fluxes and CH4 bubble frequency increased from a median of 0.14 (0.00 to 0.43) mmol m−2 h−1 and 4 events m−2 h−1 on the open water to a median of 0.80 (0.20 to 14.97) mmol m−2 h−1 and 168 events m−2 h−1 on the floating mat. The mat was a summer hot spot of CH4 emissions. Fluxes were 1 order of magnitude higher than at an adjacent peatland site. During daytime the pond was a net source of CO2 equivalents to the atmosphere amounting to 0.13 (−0.02 to 1.06) g CO2 equivalents m−2 h−1, whereas the adjacent peatland site acted as a sink of −0.78 (−1.54 to 0.29) g CO2 equivalents m−2 h−1. The photosynthetic CO2 uptake on the floating mat did not counterbalance the high CH4 emissions, which turned the floating mat into a strong net source of 0.21 (−0.11 to 2.12) g CO2 equivalents m−2 h−1. This study highlights the large small-scale variability of CH4 fluxes and CH4 bubble frequency at the peatland–pond interface and the importance of the often large ecotone areas surrounding small ponds as a source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
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Ni, Henmei, Yadong Yang, Yixuan Chen, Junxiu Liu, Lijuan Zhang, and Min Wu. "Preparation of a poly(DMAEMA-co-HEMA) self-supporting microfiltration membrane with high anionic permselectivity by electrospinning." e-Polymers 17, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2016-0207.
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AbstractA cross-linked microfibrous anion exchange membrane with high ion permselectivity and robust mechanical properties was fabricated by electrospinning. Copolymer, poly N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), was selected as the electrospun material. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1HNMR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the copolymer and microfibrous mat. The electrospinning optimal parameters were determined by orthogonal experiments. Formaldehyde vapor was applied to crosslink the mat. It was observed that the water sorption decreased from 75.7% to 30.4% as the crosslinking time increased from 20 h to 32 h. The robust mat with the high tensile strength of 4.62 MPa and 50% elongation at break was obtained at 24 h. The ion permeability of NO3−, Cl−, SO42− were 94, 91 and 87%.
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Ma, Li-Guo, and Yun Geng. "Determination of the reference genes for qRT-PCR normalization and expression levels of MAT genes under various conditions in Ulocladium." PeerJ 8 (November 23, 2020): e10379. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10379.
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The genus Ulocladium is thought to be strictly asexual. One of the possible reasons for the lack of sexuality in Ulocladium species is the absence of the stimulus of environmental factors. Sexual reproduction in ascomycetes is controlled by a specific region in the genome referred to as mating-type locus (MAT) that consists of two dissimilar DNA sequences in the mating partners, termed MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs. To identify the response of MAT loci to environmental conditions, the mRNA transcription level of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes was tested using qRT-PCR under different temperatures (−20 °C, −10 °C, 0 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C), culture medias (CM, OA, HAY, PCA, PDA and V8), photoperiods (24 h light, 24 h dark, 12 h light/12 h dark, 10 h light/14 h dark and 8 h light/16 h dark), and CO2 concentrations (0.03%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). For obtaining reliable results from qRT-PCR, the most stable internal control gene and optimal number of reference genes for normalization were determined under different treatments. The results showed that there is no universal internal control gene that is expressed at a constant level under different experimental treatments. In comparison to various incubation conditions, the relative expression levels of both MAT genes were significantly increased when fungal mycelia were grown on HAY culture media at 0–10 °C with a light/dark cycle, indicating that temperature, culture media, and light might be the key environmental factors for regulating the sexuality in Ulocladium. Moreover, MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes showed similar expression patterns under different treatments, suggesting that the two MAT genes might play an equally important role in the sexual evolutionary process.
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Visscher, Pieter T., Rachel F. Gritzer, and Edward R. Leadbetter. "Low-Molecular-Weight Sulfonates, a Major Substrate for Sulfate Reducers in Marine Microbial Mats." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 3272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.8.3272-3278.1999.
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ABSTRACT Several low-molecular-weight sulfonates were added to microbial mat slurries to investigate their effects on sulfate reduction. Instantaneous production of sulfide occurred after taurine and cysteate were added to all of the microbial mats tested. The rates of production in the presence of taurine and cysteate were 35 and 24 μM HS− h−1 in a stromatolite mat, 38 and 36 μM HS− h−1 in a salt pond mat, and 27 and 18 μM HS− h−1 in a salt marsh mat, respectively. The traditionally used substrates lactate and acetate stimulated the rate of sulfide production 3 to 10 times more than taurine and cysteate stimulated the rate of sulfide production in all mats, but when ethanol, glycolate, and glutamate were added to stromatolite mat slurries, the resulting increases were similar to the increases observed with taurine and cysteate. Isethionate, sulfosuccinate, and sulfobenzoate were tested only with the stromatolite mat slurry, and these compounds had much smaller effects on sulfide production. Addition of molybdate resulted in a greater inhibitory effect on acetate and lactate utilization than on sulfonate use, suggesting that different metabolic pathways were involved. In all of the mats tested taurine and cysteate were present in the pore water at nanomolar to micromolar concentrations. An enrichment culture from the stromatolite mat was obtained on cysteate in a medium lacking sulfate and incubated anaerobically. The rate of cysteate consumption by this enrichment culture was 1.6 pmol cell−1h−1. Compared to the results of slurry studies, this rate suggests that organisms with properties similar to the properties of this enrichment culture are a major constituent of the sulfidogenic population. In addition, taurine was consumed at some of highest dilutions obtained from most-probable-number enrichment cultures obtained from stromatolite samples. Based on our comparison of the sulfide production rates found in various mats, low-molecular-weight sulfonates are important sources of C and S in these ecosystems.
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Wang, Guo-Bo, Xin Zhou, Xian-Feng Ma, and Jun Wu. "Numerical Study on the Seismic Response of Structure with Consideration of the Behavior of Base Mat Uplift." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2030462.
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The foundation might be separated from the supporting soil if the earthquake is big enough, which is known as base mat uplift. This paper proposed a simplified calculation model in which spring element is adopted to simulate the interaction between soil and structure. The load-deformation curve (F-D curve) of the spring element can be designated to represent the base mat uplift, in which the pressure can be applied while tensile forces are not allowed. Key factors, such as seismic wave types, seismic wave excitation directions, seismic wave amplitudes, soil shear velocities, structure stiffness, and the ratio of structure height to width (H/B), were considered in the analysis. It is shown that (1) seismic wave type has significant influence on structure response due to different frequency components it contained; (2) the vertical input of seismic wave greatly affected structure response in vertical direction, while it has little impacts in horizontal direction; (3) base mat uplift is easier to take place in soil with higher shear velocity; (4) structure H/B value has complicated influence on base mat uplift. The outcome of this research is assumed to provide some references for the seismic design of the structure due to base mat uplift.
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Geneve, R. L., S. T. Kester, and J. W. Buxton. "Capillary Mats Alter the Water Content in Medium during Mist Propagation of Dendranthema." HortScience 39, no. 3 (June 2004): 584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.3.584.
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A capillary mat-mist system was developed to provide near constant media water contents at differing quantities of mist. Media water contents were reduced by increasing the capillary mat height above a constant water table maintained at bench level. Increased tensions from 0 to 10 cm above the water table reduced water content in Oasis, rockwool, and peat-perlite by 35.4%, 27.6%, and 17.4%, respectively. There was no difference in water content for each medium when the mist quantity ranged between 600 and 1800 mL·m-2·h-1, except when the capillary mat was at 9 cm above the water table and mist volume was 300 mL·m-2·h-1. Chrysanthemum cuttings rooted best when water content was highest regardless of media. Using the peat-perlite medium, water content had the greatest impact on rooting when the mist volume was low (600 mL·m-2·h-1). Relative water content of cuttings was lowest during the first 5 days of sticking and both reduced media water content and mist quantity resulted in the lowest internal water status for the cuttings.
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Lucente, Sandra. "MAT(H)ERIA costruita, scavata, spaccata: UN VIAGGIO fra(t)tali CITTÀ." Lettera Matematica Pristem 102, no. 1 (October 2017): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10031-017-0037-3.
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Yan, Meixin, Enping Cai, Jianuan Zhou, Changqing Chang, Pinggen Xi, Wankuan Shen, Lingyu Li, Zide Jiang, Yi Zhen Deng, and Lian-Hui Zhang. "A Dual-Color Imaging System for Sugarcane Smut Fungus Sporisorium scitamineum." Plant Disease 100, no. 12 (December 2016): 2357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-16-0257-sr.
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The life cycle of the sugarcane smut fungus Sporisorium scitamineum is a multistep process. Haploid sporidia of compatible (MAT-1 versus MAT-2) mating types fuse to generate pathogenic dikaryotic hyphae to infect the host. Within the host tissues, diploid teliospores are formed and induce a characteristic sorus that looks like a black whip. The diploid teliospores germinate to form haploid sporidia by meiosis. In order to monitor fungal development throughout the whole life cycle, we expressed the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) in S. scitamineum MAT-1 and MAT-2 sporidia, respectively. Observation by epifluorescence microscope showed that conjugation tube formation and sporidia fusion occurred at 4 to 8 h, and formation of dikaryotic filaments was detected at 12 h after mating. The resultant teliospores, with diffused GFP and RFP, underwent meiosis as demonstrated by septated hypha with single fluorescent signal. We demonstrated that GFP- and RFP-tagged strains can be used to study the life cycle development of the fungal pathogen S. scitamineum, including the sexual mating and meiosis events. This dual-color imaging system would be a valuable tool for investigation of biotic and abiotic factors that might affect the fungal life cycle development and pathogenesis.
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GRACIA JR., ARTURO GASCON, LAURENCE PINGOL ALBIOS, and ROMART LLOYD BALBUENA ALVERO. "Faunistic Study on Butterflies in the Lowland Forests of Central Surigao del Sur, Philippines." Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.2548.2021.
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The province of Surigao del Sur is among the areas in the Philippines with limited wildlife studies, especially on lepidopteran fauna. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the butterfly congregation and diversity in Gamut and Mat-e, areas which are underexplored for lepidopteran surveys. It also aimed to assess the conservation and ecological status of the species. Sweep netting for a total of 196 person-hours was carried out to document the species. The results revealed a total of 29 species belonging to four families. Among the families, Nymphalidae was the most represented, comprising 48% of the total richness. The species Gandaca harina mindanaensis and Junonia hedonia ida were the most dominant in both sites representing 12% (each) of the total population. Species richness and diversity (H’) were relatively higher in Mat-e (n=22; H’=1.22) than in Gamut (n=15; H’=1.00). The total endemicity was 31%, but higher endemism was observed in Mat-e (36%) compared with Gamut (20%). The noteworthy findings are the listing of the nationally and globally assessed as rare species (Acrophtalmia leto ochine and Jamides celeno), but were locally assessed as common in Mat-e. One recorded butterfly (Atrophaneura semperi aphtonia) was assessed to be a threatened species. Based on the results, the two habitats showed a poor representation of butterfly assemblage, however, these results are highly affected by the limitations of the observation. Thus, it is recommended that an intensive study on butterflies in the area should be considered.
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Dini, P., O. Bogado, K. Smits, A. VanSoom, and P. Daels. "209 MATURATION KINETICS AFTER HOLDING EQUINE OOCYTES IN EMBRYO HOLDING MEDIUM." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 2 (2016): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv28n2ab209.
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It has been reported that immature, equine oocytes can be maintained in meiotic arrest at 24°C. To evaluate a commercial equine embryo holding medium for storage of equine oocyte at 24°C and to determine the effect of holding on maturation kinetics, cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COC) were recovered from slaughtered mares and placed in Syngro® Embryo Holding Solution at 22–25°C for 18–20 h (OH Group) or placed directly in DMEM-F12-based in vitro maturation (IVM) conditions (D-Mat Group) at 5% CO2 in air at 38.5°C. Maturation rate (metaphase II percentage; MII%) was assessed (presence of polar body under stereomicroscope) after denudation at 22, 24, and 28 h. After assessment, the denuded oocytes that were considered immature were placed back in IVM, reassessed at 24 and 28 h, and MII% was compared with that of oocytes remaining uninterrupted in IVM for 24 and 28 h. One-way ANOVA was used to compare dependent variable in different groups using PROC ANOVA (SAS, version 9.2, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). A random selection of mature oocytes from both groups were fertilised using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). A total of 250 injected oocytes were cultured in DMEM-F12 with 10% FCS. Blastocyst rates in OH and D-mat groups were similar (7.1% v. 6.3%). At 22 h, significantly more oocytes reached the MII stage in the OH group than in the D-Mat group, but MII% was similar in both groups at 24 and 28 h (Table 1). Denuded, immature oocytes reached similar maturation rate as the undenuded oocytes in the same group. Our data suggest that oocytes can be held in Syngro® Embryo Holding Solution at 22–25°C for 18–20 h without compromising oocyte developmental competence. Overnight holding of oocytes accelerates maturation with similar maturation rate at 22, 24, and 28 h of IVM in the OH group. Denudation of immature oocytes after 22 h of IVM and returning the denuded oocytes to IVM does not affect the progression of maturation. In subsequent experiment, overnight held oocytes were fixed and stained (Hoechst 33342) and MII% was evaluated after 20, 22, and 28 h of IVM. Chromatin configuration confirmed that stored oocytes reach the MII stage at 22 h. Maturation rates were significantly lower at 20 h, suggesting that 22 h of IVM is required for stored oocytes. Table 1.Maturation rates (% in MII stage) at 22, 24, and 28 h of IVM for equine oocytes held in Syngro® Embryo Holding Medium before IVM (OH) and oocytes placed directly in IVM (D-Mat) Thanks to I. Lemahieu and P. Van Damme. Study was supported by the Special Research Fund at UGent.
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Ivanova, Sofiya, Dimitrichka Dimitrova, and Metodi Petrichev. "Pharmacokinetics of Ciprofloxacin in Broiler Chickens After Single Intravenous and Intraingluvial Administration." Macedonian Veterinary Review 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/macvetrev-2017-0013.
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Abstract The trial was performed on 10 clinically healthy Ross hybrid chickens, 5 from each gender, weighing 2.75-2.84 kg. The tested quinolone was applied at the same dose for both routes of application - 10 mg/kg of body weight. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloridum 5% solution for i.v. and 1% solution for intraingluvial treatment were prepared. In a crossover study design, ciprofloxacin hydrochloridum was administered as 5 % solution for i.v. bolus injection to broiler chickens and after 14 days as 1 % solution for intraingluvial administration into a crop to the same birds. Serum ciprofloxacin concentrations were assayed by HPLC with UV detection at a wavelength of 279 nm. After intravenous injection the following pharmacokinetic parameters were determined: t1/2β = 9.07 h; t1/2α= 0.36 h; MRT = 10.20 h and MRT = 10.75 h; AUC0→∞ = 19.560 μg.h/mL and AUC0→∞ = 19.843 μg.h/mL. After intraingluvial application parameters determined by the two pharmacokinetic models were as: t1/2α= 0.86 h; t1/2β = 7,20 h and t1/2β = 7.89 h; MRT = 12.67 h and MRT = 12.93 h; AUC0→∞ = 11.340 μg.h/mL and AUC0→24 h = 11.973 μg.h/mL; Cmax = 2.841 μg/mL and Cmax = 2.638 μg/mL; Tmax = 0.48 h and Tmax = 0.39 h; t1/2abs. = 0.146 h; MAT = 2.47 h and MAT = 2.18 h; F = 57.91% and F = 63.89%. These results suggested that a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight provides maximum plasma concentration ater intraingluvial administration and is effective in the control of many infectious diseases of poultry.
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Yang, Dan, Jing Zhang, Mingde Wu, Weidong Chen, Guoqing Li, and Long Yang. "Characterization of the Mycelial Compatibility Groups and Mating Type Alleles in Populations of Sclerotinia minor in Central China." Plant Disease 100, no. 11 (November 2016): 2313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-15-1453-re.
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Ninety-five single-sclerotium isolates were obtained from lettuce and weeds in three counties in central China. They were identified belonging to Sclerotinia minor based on colony morphology and the S. minor-specific DNA marker. Mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) and the mating type (MAT) alleles in these isolates were determined using the methods of paired cultures and specific PCR, respectively, and the MCG data were used to calculate Shannon’s H index (H) and Simpson index (S), thereby evaluating diversity of S. minor. Eight MCGs (MCG1 to MCG8) and two MAT alleles (Inv+, Inv–) were identified in these isolates. Low diversity was detected for the total 95 isolates (H = 1.748, S = 0.786). Isolates of different MCGs or with different MAT alleles did not significantly differ (P > 0.05) in mycelial growth rate on potato dextrose agar (PDA, 20°C) or lesion diameter on lettuce leaves (20°C), but slightly differed in the number of sclerotia produced on PDA (20°C). Furthermore, this study reported five new host plants of S. minor in China, including Capsella bursa-pastoris, Oenanthe javanica, Fragaria gracilis, Ranunculus ternatus, and Salvia plebeia, and identified three hypovirulent isolates. These results broaden our understanding about the population biology of S. minor.
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Tauro, Flavia, Paolo Cornelini, Salvatore Grimaldi, and Andrea Petroselli. "Field studies on the soil loss reduction effectiveness of three biodegradable geotextiles." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 49, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2018.799.
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Biodegradable geotextiles have the potential to significantly reduce soil loss and ensure slope stability in areas at risk. Here, we focus on three biodegradable textiles (namely, jute net, jute mat, and wool mat), and study their response in terms of soil loss to diverse precipitation events (average rainfall intensity from 3.7 mmh−1 to 70 mmh−1 and duration from 0.5 h to 11.6 h). Experiments are conducted in an ad hoc developed outdoor steep slope (more than 60%). Soil loss reduction from the treatments is found to be very remarkable (up to 98%), thus supporting the potential of natural materials for soil conservation. Also, experimental findings confirm that the maximum intensity of rainfall events plays an important role in driving soil erosion.
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Bubnick, Meggan, and A. George Smulian. "The MAT1 Locus of Histoplasma capsulatum Is Responsive in a Mating Type-Specific Manner." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 4 (February 23, 2007): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00020-07.
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ABSTRACT Recombination events associated with sexual replication in pathogens may generate new strains with altered virulence. Histoplasma capsulatum is a mating-competent, pathogenic fungus with two described phenotypic mating types, + and −. The mating (MAT) locus of H. capsulatum was identified to facilitate molecular studies of mating in this organism. Through syntenic analysis of the H. capsulatum genomic sequence databases, a MAT1-1 idiomorph region was identified in H. capsulatum strains G217B and WU24, and a MAT1-2 idiomorph region was identified in the strain G186AR. A mating type-specific PCR assay was developed, and two clinical isolates of opposite genotypic mating type, UH1 and VA1, were identified. A known − mating type strain, T-3-1 (ATCC 22635), was demonstrated to be of MAT1-2 genotypic mating type. The clinical isolates UH1 and VA1 were found to be mating compatible and also displayed mating-type-dependent regulation of the MAT transcription factors in response to extracts predicted to contain mating pheromones. These studies support a role for the identified MAT1 locus in determining mating type in H. capsulatum.
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Wilson, C. L., K. J. Heppner, L. A. Rudolph, and L. M. Matrisian. "The metalloproteinase matrilysin is preferentially expressed by epithelial cells in a tissue-restricted pattern in the mouse." Molecular Biology of the Cell 6, no. 7 (July 1995): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.6.7.851.
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To explore the role of the matrix metalloproteinase matrilysin (MAT) in normal tissue remodeling, we cloned the murine homologue of MAT from postpartum uterus using RACE polymerase chain reaction and examined its pattern of expression in embryonic, neonatal, and adult mice. The murine coding sequence and the corresponding predicted protein sequence were found to be 75% and 70% identical to the human sequences, respectively, and organization of the six exons comprising the gene is similar to the human gene. Northern analysis and in situ hybridization revealed that MAT is expressed in the normal cycling, pregnant, and postpartum uterus, with levels of expression highest in the involuting uterus at early time points (6 h to 1.5 days postpartum). The mRNA was confined to epithelial cells lining the lumen and some glandular structures. High constitutive levels of MAT transcripts were also detected in the small intestine, where expression was localized to the epithelial Paneth cells at the base of the crypts. Similarly, MAT expression was found in epithelial cells of the efferent ducts, in the initial segment and cauda of the epididymis, and in an extra-hepatic branch of the bile duct. MAT transcripts were detectable only by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the colon, kidney, lung, skeletal muscle, skin, stomach, juvenile uterus, and normal, lactating, and involuting mammary gland, as was expression primarily late in embryogenesis. Analysis of MAT expression during postnatal development indicated that although MAT is expressed in the juvenile small intestine and reproductive organs, the accumulation of significant levels of MAT mRNA appears to correlate with organ maturation. These results show that MAT expression is restricted to specific organs in the mouse, where the mRNA is produced exclusively by epithelial cells, and suggest that in addition to matrix degradation and remodeling, MAT may play an important role in the differentiated function of these organs.
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Yao, Chun-Hsu, Shau-Pei Yang, Yueh-Sheng Chen, and Kuo-Yu Chen. "Electrospun Poly(γ–glutamic acid)/β–Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Fibrous Mats for Bone Regeneration." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020227.
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A poly(γ–glutamic acid)/β–tricalcium phosphate (γ–PGA/β–TCP) composite fibrous mat was fabricated using the electrospinning technique as a novel bone substitute. The mat was then cross-linked with cystamine in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide to improve its water-resistant ability. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the γ–PGA/β–TCP fibers had a uniform morphology with diameters ranging from 0.64 ± 0.07 µm to 1.65 ± 0.16 µm. The average diameter of the fibers increased with increasing cross-linking time. Moreover, increasing the cross-linking time and decreasing the γ–PGA/β–TCP weight ratio decreased the swelling ratio and in vitro degradation rate of the composite fibrous mat. In vitro experiments with osteoblast-like MG-63 cells demonstrated that the mat with a γ–PGA/β–TCP weight ratio of 20 and cross-linked time of 24 h had a higher alkaline phosphatase activity and better cell adhesion. Furthermore, the rat cranial bone defect was created and treated with the γ–PGA/β–TCP composite fibrous mat to evaluate its potential in bone regeneration. After 8 weeks of implantation, micro computed tomography showed that the γ–PGA/β–TCP composite fibrous mat promoted new bone growth. These observations suggest that the γ–PGA/β–TCP composite fibrous mat has a potential application in bone tissue engineering.
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Finlay, M., M. Wilson, J. A. Erwin, D. A. Hansen, M. E. Layton, R. M. Quock, and H. Van Dongen. "0730 Individuals Receiving Methadone For Medication-Assisted Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder Show Evidence Of Respiratory Depression." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.726.
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Abstract Introduction A well-established consequence of opiate use is respiratory depression during sleep, with a high prevalence of central sleep apneas. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is a widely used therapy for opioid use disorder (OUD) designed to reduce withdrawal symptoms and drug cravings. We investigated the presence of respiratory depression during sleep in patients receiving methadone-based opioid replacement treatment as part of a MAT program for OUD. Methods N=6 individuals (5 females, ages 43.8±12.8y, BMI 27.2±4.1kg/m2), who were within 90 days of methadone initiation, underwent in-laboratory overnight polysomnography (8h TIB, 22:00-06:00). Apneaic and hypopneic events were determined using AASM criteria. Results The average Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) was 16.5±9.0 events/h, with 2 individuals exceeding the threshold of moderate sleep apnea (>15 events/h). 89.5% of the observed apnea-hypopnea events occurred during NREM sleep. Of all events, 57.1±16.3% were central apneas; and of all obstructive, central, and mixed apnea events, 93.0±14.3% were central apneas. Conclusion Individuals with OUD receiving methadone-based MAT may be at risk of respiratory depression during sleep, as evidenced by the frequent occurrence of central sleep apneas. Such risk could be a contributing factor in opioid overdose deaths. Currently, performing respiratory assessments during sleep is not considered standard of care in MAT programs. Our preliminary data suggest that monitoring and treatment of respiratory depression during sleep may be indicated in OUD patients on methadone-based MAT. Support Supported in part by a seed grant from the Washington State University Office of Research Advancement and Partnerships.
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Guo, Chenyan, Haitong Ma, Qingtong Zhang, Mingfu Li, Hongrui Jiang, Changzhou Chen, Shuangfei Wang, and Douyong Min. "Nano MnO2 Radially Grown on Lignin-Based Carbon Fiber by One-Step Solution Reaction for Supercapacitors with High Performance." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030594.
Full textAbstract:
MnO2-deposited lignin-based carbon fiber (MnO2-LCF) mats are fabricated for supercapacitor applications. LCF mats are produced from alkali lignin via electrospinning followed by stabilization and carbonization. The carbonization process is carried out at 800, 900, and 1000 °C, and the corresponding mats are denoted as MnO2-LCF-800, MnO2-LCF-900, and MnO2-LCF-1000, respectively. The LCF mats are immersed in a KMnO4 solution at room temperature for 72 h to obtain MnO2-LCF mats. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirm the deposition of MnO2 on the LCFs. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy reveal that MnO2-LCF-800 mat possesses a large number of mesopores and Mn vacancies as compared to MnO2-LCF-900 mat and MnO2-LCF-1000 mat. Consequently, MnO2-LCF-800 mat possesses the best electrochemical properties with a specific capacitance of 131.28 F∙g−1, an energy density of 14.77 Wh∙kg−1, and a power density of 135.01 W∙kg−1 at a specific current of 0.3 A∙g−1. Hence, MnO2-LCF-800 mat shows high potential to be used as a high-performance supercapacitor.
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Nah, C., S. K. Kwak, N. Kim, M. Y. Lyu, B. S. Hwang, B. Akle, and D. J. Leo. "Ionic Liquid Nafion Nanofiber Mats Composites for High Speed Ionic Polymer Actuators." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 1001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.1001.
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A new attempt is made for application of the NafionTM nanofiber mat prepared by the electrospinning process to solve the main disadvantage of slow response speed of ionomer-ionic liquid transducers. The measured conductivities of water hydrated Nafion electro-spun fibers are 16.8 mS/cm, which are lower than the nominal 110 mS/cm that of H+ Nafion membranes. The uptake is measured to be around 250 wt % compared to 58 wt % obtained in Nafion films. The ionic conductivity of 110 wt % swollen ionic liquids-Nafion mat composite is computed to be 0.9 mS/cm compared to 0.3 mS/cm in ionic liquid-Nafion membrane composite. The speed of response in actuators with an ionic liquid- NafionTM mat is 1.34 %/s compared to 0.88 %/s for that in ionic liquid NafionTM film transducers.
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Suthar, Bhivraj, Tanmay Shrivastava, and Lamyanba Heisnam. "Validation of End Effector Matrix for Robotic Kit OWI-535 using Matlab and Robo Analyzer." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v5i1.pp54-60.
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This paper presents the validation of the end effector matrix having D-H parameter of the 4 DOF educational manipulator OWI-535 by MAT-LAB and Robo Analyzer. Transformation matrix of order 4x4 which describes end effecter’s position and orientation with respect to the base reference frame. MAT-LAB programming which gives details about the translation steps of the manipulator simultaneously. Forward kinematics of OWI 535 robotic kit has been calculated by Mat-lab as well as Robo Analyzer. We had calculated the End effector matrix in both software and compare it. We found that the results are similar up to three digit in some elements and up to two digits from decimal in few elements and it was different after three digit from the decimal in end effector matrix.
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Fraser, James A., Jason E. Stajich, Eric J. Tarcha, Garry T. Cole, Diane O. Inglis, Anita Sil, and Joseph Heitman. "Evolution of the Mating Type Locus: Insights Gained from the Dimorphic Primary Fungal Pathogens Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 4 (March 2, 2007): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00018-07.
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ABSTRACT Sexual reproduction of fungi is governed by the mating type (MAT) locus, a specialized region of the genome encoding key transcriptional regulators that direct regulatory networks to specify cell identity and fate. Knowledge of MAT locus structure and evolution has been considerably advanced in recent years as a result of genomic analyses that enable the definition of MAT locus sequences in many species as well as provide an understanding of the evolutionary plasticity of this unique region of the genome. Here, we extend this analysis to define the mating type locus of three dimorphic primary human fungal pathogens, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii, using genomic analysis, direct sequencing, and bioinformatics. These studies provide evidence that all three species possess heterothallic bipolar mating type systems, with isolates encoding either a high-mobility-group (HMG) domain or an α-box transcriptional regulator. These genes are intact in all loci examined and have not been subject to loss or decay, providing evidence that the loss of fertility upon passage in H. capsulatum is not attributable to mutations at the MAT locus. These findings also suggest that an extant sexual cycle remains to be defined in both Coccidioides species, in accord with population genetic evidence. Based on these MAT sequences, a facile PCR test was developed that allows the mating type to be rapidly ascertained. Finally, these studies highlight the evolutionary forces shaping the MAT locus, revealing examples in which flanking genes have been inverted or subsumed and incorporated into an expanding MAT locus, allowing us to propose an expanded model for the evolution of the MAT locus in the phylum Ascomycota.
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Danchev, Peter. "Isomorphism Characterization of Divisible Groups in Modular Abelian Group Rings." gmj 16, no. 1 (March 2009): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gmj.2009.49.
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Abstract Suppose G is an abelian group with a p-subgroup H and R is a commutative unitary ring of prime characteristic p with trivial nil-radical. We give a complete description up to isomorphism of the maximal divisible subgroups of 1 + I(RG;H) and (1 + I(RG;H))=H, respectively, where I(RG;H) denotes the relative augmentation ideal of the group algebra RG with respect to H. This paper terminates a series of works by the author on the topic, first of which are [Danchev, Rad. Mat. 13: 23–32, 2004] and [Danchev, Bull. Georgian Acad. Sci. 174: 238–242, 2006].
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Connolly, B., C. I. White, and J. E. Haber. "Physical monitoring of mating type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 6 (June 1988): 2342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.6.2342.
Full textAbstract:
The kinetics of mating type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be followed at the DNA level by using a galactose-inducible HO (GAL-HO) gene to initiate the event in synchronously growing cells. From the time that HO endonuclease cleaves MAT a until the detection of MAT alpha DNA took 60 min. When unbudded G1-phase cells were induced, switched to the opposite mating type in "pairs." In the presence of the DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea, HO-induced cleavage occurred but cells failed to complete switching. In these blocked cells, the HO-cut ends of MATa remained stable for at least 3 h. Upon removal of hydroxyurea, the cells completed the switch in approximately 1 h. The same kinetics of MAT switching were also seen in asynchronous cultures and when synchronously growing cells were induced at different times of the cell cycle. Thus, the only restriction that confined normal homothallic switching to the G1 phase of the cell cycle was the expression of HO endonuclease. Further evidence that galactose-induced cells can switch in the G2 phase of the cell cycle was the observation that these cells did not always switch in pairs. This suggests that two chromatids, both cleaved with HO endonuclease, can interact independently with the donors HML alpha and HMRa.
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Connolly, B., C. I. White, and J. E. Haber. "Physical monitoring of mating type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 6 (June 1988): 2342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.6.2342-2349.1988.
Full textAbstract:
The kinetics of mating type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be followed at the DNA level by using a galactose-inducible HO (GAL-HO) gene to initiate the event in synchronously growing cells. From the time that HO endonuclease cleaves MAT a until the detection of MAT alpha DNA took 60 min. When unbudded G1-phase cells were induced, switched to the opposite mating type in "pairs." In the presence of the DNA synthesis inhibitor hydroxyurea, HO-induced cleavage occurred but cells failed to complete switching. In these blocked cells, the HO-cut ends of MATa remained stable for at least 3 h. Upon removal of hydroxyurea, the cells completed the switch in approximately 1 h. The same kinetics of MAT switching were also seen in asynchronous cultures and when synchronously growing cells were induced at different times of the cell cycle. Thus, the only restriction that confined normal homothallic switching to the G1 phase of the cell cycle was the expression of HO endonuclease. Further evidence that galactose-induced cells can switch in the G2 phase of the cell cycle was the observation that these cells did not always switch in pairs. This suggests that two chromatids, both cleaved with HO endonuclease, can interact independently with the donors HML alpha and HMRa.
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Rose, Miranda L., David Copland, Lyndsey Nickels, Leanne Togher, Marcus Meinzer, Tapan Rai, Dominique A. Cadilhac, et al. "Constraint-induced or multi-modal personalized aphasia rehabilitation (COMPARE): A randomized controlled trial for stroke-related chronic aphasia." International Journal of Stroke 14, no. 9 (September 7, 2019): 972–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493019870401.
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Rationale The comparative efficacy and cost-effectiveness of constraint-induced and multi-modality aphasia therapy in chronic stroke are unknown. Aims and hypotheses In the COMPARE trial, we aim to determine whether Multi-Modal Aphasia Treatment (M-MAT) and Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy Plus (CIAT-Plus) are superior to usual care (UC) for chronic post-stroke aphasia. Primary hypothesis: CIAT-Plus and M-MAT will reduce aphasia severity (Western Aphasia Battery-Revised Aphasia Quotient (WAB-R-AQ)) compared with UC: CIAT-Plus superior for moderate aphasia; M-MAT superior for mild and severe aphasia. Sample size estimates A total of 216 participants (72 per arm) will provide 90% power to detect a 5-point difference on the WAB-R-AQ between CIAT-Plus or M-MAT and UC at α = 0.05. Methods and design Prospective, randomized, parallel group, open-label, assessor blinded trial. Participants: Stroke >6 months; aphasia severity categorized using WAB-R-AQ. Computer-generated blocked and stratified randomization by aphasia severity (mild, moderate, and severe), to 3 arms: CIAT-Plus, M-MAT (both 30 h therapy over two weeks); UC (self-reported usual community care). Study outcomes WAB-R-AQ immediately post-intervention. Secondary outcomes: WAB-R-AQ at 12-week follow-up; naming scores, discourse measures, Communicative Effectiveness Index, Scenario Test, and Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 g immediately and at 12 weeks post-intervention; incremental cost-effectiveness ratios compared with UC at 12 weeks. Discussion This trial will determine whether CIAT-Plus and M-MAT are superior and more cost-effective than UC in chronic aphasia. Participant subgroups with the greatest response to CIAT-Plus and M-MAT will be described.
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Zhang, Ying, Dian-Ming Ju, Zhen-lei Xing, Hao Zong, Long-Hai Li, Hai-Tao Chen, Shuang Liu, Rui Li, and Sheng-Ming Zhang. "Optimization of wheat straw pretreatment process parameters for straw mulch mat." BioResources 16, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 3827–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3827-3839.
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Straw mulch mat is a promising alternative to petroleum-based plastic mulching film. The straw pretreatment process parameters influence the mechanical properties of the mat. To explore the effect of pretreatment process parameters on physical properties of wheat straw mulch mat, a five-factor and five-level central composite design (CCD) methodology was studied. With response surface methodology (RSM) analysis, the effects of parameters (soaking water temperature, soaking time, processing speed, manufacturing temperature, and manufacturing pressure) on dry tensile index and wet tensile index of original film, and initial beating degree of the straw pulp were reported. The optimal technical parameters were optimized as soaking water temperature 90 °C, soaking time 1.5 h, manufacturing pressure 1.5 MPa, processing speed 83.5 to 87.8 r/min, and manufacturing temperature 95 to 100 °C. With the optimal condition, the dry tensile index, wet tensile index, and initial beating degree were higher than 8 N·m/g, 4 N·m/g, and 17 °SR, respectively. With this pretreatment of raw materials, the wheat straw mulch mat would meet the demands of mechanical properties for agriculture mulching after adding chemical additives.
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Omoregie, Enoma O., Lori L. Crumbliss, Brad M. Bebout, and Jonathan P. Zehr. "Determination of Nitrogen-Fixing Phylotypes in Lyngbya sp. and Microcoleuschthonoplastes Cyanobacterial Mats from Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 2004): 2119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.4.2119-2128.2004.
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ABSTRACT In many environments, biological nitrogen fixation can alleviate nitrogen limitation. The high rates of N2 fixation often observed in cyanobacterial mats suggest that N2 fixation may be an important source of N. In this study, organisms expressing nifH were identified in a Lyngbya sp.- and two Microcoleus chthonoplastes-dominated cyanobacterial mats. The pattern of nitrogenase activity was determined for the Lyngbya sp. mat and a Microcoleus chthonoplastes mat sampled directly in Guerrero Negro, Mexico. Their maximum rates were 23 and 15 μmol of C2H4 m−2 h−1, respectively. The second Microcoleus mat, which was maintained in a greenhouse facility, had a maximum rate of 40 μmol of C2H4 m−2 h−1. The overall diel pattern of nitrogenase activity in the three mats was similar, with the highest rates of activity occurring during the dark period. Analysis of nifH transcripts by reverse transcription-PCR revealed that several different organisms were expressing nifH during the dark period. nifH phylotypes recovered from these mats were similar to sequences from the unicellular cyanobacterial genera Halothece, Myxosarcina, and Synechocystis, the filamentous cyanobacterial genera Plectonema and Phormidium, and several bacterial nifH groups. The results of this study indicate that several different organisms, some of which were not previously known to fix nitrogen, are likely to be responsible for the observed dark-period nitrogenase activity in these cyanobacterial mats.
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Zhong, Shuai, Zhiwen Han, Aimin Li, and Heqiang Du. "Research on the Application of Palm Mat Geotextiles for Sand Fixation in the Hobq Desert." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 1751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061751.
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Traditional sand fixation measures have many limitations. For example, engineering sand fixation measures using barriers cannot completely stabilize sand dunes. Biological sand fixation measures utilizing planted vegetation are very difficult to build during the early stages of desertification control. Chemical sand fixation measures spray chemically bonded materials on sand dunes to form a consolidated layer to prevent sand flow, but the cost of the materials used is relatively high. Therefore, new sand fixation technologies and methods urgently need to be developed. This study demonstrates a new sand fixation method, which uses palm mat geotextiles to stabilize sand dunes and to plant grass. We investigated the physical properties of these palm mat geotextiles in the laboratory and observed vegetation growth in the Hobq Desert. The results showed the following: (1) Palm mat geotextiles are lighter and tougher than common straw mat geotextiles. The average weight, thickness, and tensile strength of palm mat geotextiles are 2023 g/m2, 20.14 mm, and 842–860 kPa, respectively. After a year of field observations, the tensile strength decreased by only 2%. (2) Palm mat geotextiles have excellent water retention capacity and scouring resistance; the maximum water content reached 227%, and the substrate lost 2.9% after laboratory simulation of heavy rainfall for three hours with a rainfall intensity of 30 mm h−1. (3) Palm mat geotextiles significantly decreased the soil temperature and increased moisture in summer. The results showed that the palm mat geotextiles had the largest influence on soil temperature in the upper 5 cm of soil and the largest influence on soil moisture in the upper 10 cm of soil. (4) The field experimental results showed that, by the end of the experiment, the vegetation coverage and the biomass of the palm mat geotextiles with dimensions of 2 × 2 m were 3.9 times and 4.1 times that of the control group and 1.7 times and 1.8 times that of the group of high-banded Salix psammophila sand barriers, which are widely used in the Hobq Desert at present. Palm mat geotextiles are a promising material for sand fixation in the Hobq Desert.
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Taib, Razaina Mat, Dody Ariawan, and Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak. "Alkali Treatment of Kenaf Fiber Mat and its Influence on the Performance of Unsaturated Polyester/Kenaf Fiber Mat Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1024 (August 2014): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1024.171.
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Non-woven kenaf fiber mats were prepared from untreated and alkali treated fibers by using a carding machine followed by needle punching. The alkali treatment was carried out by immersing the fiber mats in 6% NaOH solution for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h at room temperature. The untreated and alkali treated fiber mats were impregnated with unsaturated polyester resin via a resin transfer molding technique to form composites. Maximum improvements of flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites were observed when the fiber mat was alkali treated for 3 h. The improved of both properties can be attributed to better fiber-matrix adhesion between the alkali treated kenaf fiber and the unsaturated polyester matrix most probably via mechanical interlocking. Water absorption tests were conducted by immersing the composite samples in distilled water at room temperature. The water absorption patterns of all the composites were found to follow Fickian behavior. The tendency of the composites to absorb water decreased when the alkali treated fiber mats were used.
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Westall, Frances, Cornel E. J. de Ronde, Gordon Southam, Nathalie Grassineau, Maggy Colas, Charles Cockell, and Helmut Lammer. "Implications of a 3.472–3.333 Gyr-old subaerial microbial mat from the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa for the UV environmental conditions on the early Earth." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1474 (September 11, 2006): 1857–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1896.
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Modelling suggests that the UV radiation environment of the early Earth, with DNA weighted irradiances of about three orders of magnitude greater than those at present, was hostile to life forms at the surface, unless they lived in specific protected habitats. However, we present empirical evidence that challenges this commonly held view. We describe a well-developed microbial mat that formed on the surface of volcanic littoral sediments in an evaporitic environment in a 3.5–3.3 Ga-old formation from the Barberton greenstone belt. Using a multiscale, multidisciplinary approach designed to strongly test the biogenicity of potential microbial structures, we show that the mat was constructed under flowing water by 0.25 μm filaments that produced copious quantities of extracellular polymeric substances, representing probably anoxygenic photosynthesizers. Associated with the mat is a small colony of rods–vibroids that probably represent sulphur-reducing bacteria. An embedded suite of evaporite minerals and desiccation cracks in the surface of the mat demonstrates that it was periodically exposed to the air in an evaporitic environment. We conclude that DNA-damaging UV radiation fluxes at the surface of the Earth at this period must either have been low (absorbed by CO 2 , H 2 O, a thin organic haze from photo-dissociated CH 4 , or SO 2 from volcanic outgassing; scattered by volcanic, and periodically, meteorite dust, as well as by the upper layers of the microbial mat) and/or that the micro-organisms exhibited efficient gene repair/survival strategies.
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Lu, Hua Xi, Hai Feng Jiang, Ping Ying Liang, and Bi Tao Wu. "Influence of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction on Fundamental Period for Frame Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 1618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1618.
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By using of the approximate value of T proposed in FEMA450, the equations of the approximate effective fundamental period are derived for circular mat foundations supported at the surface, embedded foundations of circular shape and embedded foundations of arbitrary shapes, respectively. It is found that the limit values of of Veletsos are not uniform, and excessive for structures with h/r > 9, but too small for embedded deeply foundations. In this paper the uniform limit value of is 1.10 for all structures, and the conditions of consideration of SSI are given for ordinary reinforced concrete frame structures with circular mat foundations supported at the surface, embedded foundations of circular shape, and embedded foundations of arbitrary shapes, respectively.
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Parcianello, Carolina Fogliarini, Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti, Maristela Machado Araujo, Gabriel Alberto Sans, Vanessa Marques Soares, Vanessa Viera Trindade de Oliveira, Vinícius Wille Alves, et al. "Root System Morphology of Ipê-Roxo Tree Grown in Soil Subjected to Phosphorus Application in Subtropical Climate Region." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081563.
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Phosphorus (P) availability in subtropical soils does not often meet the nutritional demand of native tree species such as the ipê-roxo tree (Handroanthus heptaphyllus); therefore, it is necessary to supply P at planting. However, the impact of P on root system growth remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of P application on root morphology of H. heptaphyllus plants over a 36-month period in a subtropical climate region. During the experiment, the plants subjected to fertilization with 40 kg P ha−1 were compared to untreated control. Plant roots were scanned through minirhizotron system 18 and 36 months after transplant (MAT), and generated images were used to determine total root length, mean root diameter and total root volume. Plant height and leaf P concentrations were also evaluated. Phosphorus application enhanced root and whole plant growth with a more evident effect at 36 MAT, when soil P availability decreased. The results give important information on the cultivation of H. heptaphyllus plants in soils presenting low P availability.
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Kaback, D. B., and L. R. Feldberg. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits a sporulation-specific temporal pattern of transcript accumulation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 4 (April 1985): 751–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.4.751.
Full textAbstract:
Cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are heterozygous for the mating type (MATa/MAT alpha) undergo synchronous meiosis and spore formation when starved for nitrogen and supplied with a nonfermentable carbon source such as acetate. Haploid and homozygous MAT alpha/MAT alpha and MATa/MATa diploid cells incubated under the same conditions fail to undergo meiosis and are asporogenous. It has not yet been firmly established that gene expression during sporulation is controlled at the level of transcript accumulation. To examine this question, we used cloned genes that encode a variety of "housekeeping" functions to probe Northern blots to assay the appearance of specific transcripts in both sporulating and asporogenous S. cerevisiae. In sporulating cells, each transcript showed a characteristic pattern of accumulation, reaching a maximum relative abundance at one of several different periods. In contrast, in both asporogenous haploid MATa and diploid MAT alpha/MAT alpha cells, all transcripts accumulated with similar kinetics. These results suggest a sporulation-specific pattern for transcript appearance. During these studies, high levels of several different transcripts were observed at unexpected times in sporulating cells. Histone (H)2A and (H)2B1 transcripts, although most abundant during premeiotic DNA synthesis, remained at one-third to one-half maximal levels after its end and were found in mature ascospores. Their appearance at this time is in sharp contrast to vegetative cells in which these histone transcripts are only found just before and during the period of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, transcripts from GAL10 and CDC10 genes, which are believed to be dispensable for sporulation, were much more abundant in sporulating cells than in asporogenous cells and vegetative cells grown on glucose or acetate. The presence of these transcripts did not appear to be due to a general activation of transcription because each accumulated with different kinetics. In addition, the transcript for at least one gene, HO, that is also dispensable for sporulation was not detected. The increased abundance of transcripts from some genes not required for sporulation leads us to propose that genes preferentially expressed during sporulation need not be essential for this differentiation.
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Kaback, D. B., and L. R. Feldberg. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibits a sporulation-specific temporal pattern of transcript accumulation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 4 (April 1985): 751–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.4.751-761.1985.
Full textAbstract:
Cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are heterozygous for the mating type (MATa/MAT alpha) undergo synchronous meiosis and spore formation when starved for nitrogen and supplied with a nonfermentable carbon source such as acetate. Haploid and homozygous MAT alpha/MAT alpha and MATa/MATa diploid cells incubated under the same conditions fail to undergo meiosis and are asporogenous. It has not yet been firmly established that gene expression during sporulation is controlled at the level of transcript accumulation. To examine this question, we used cloned genes that encode a variety of "housekeeping" functions to probe Northern blots to assay the appearance of specific transcripts in both sporulating and asporogenous S. cerevisiae. In sporulating cells, each transcript showed a characteristic pattern of accumulation, reaching a maximum relative abundance at one of several different periods. In contrast, in both asporogenous haploid MATa and diploid MAT alpha/MAT alpha cells, all transcripts accumulated with similar kinetics. These results suggest a sporulation-specific pattern for transcript appearance. During these studies, high levels of several different transcripts were observed at unexpected times in sporulating cells. Histone (H)2A and (H)2B1 transcripts, although most abundant during premeiotic DNA synthesis, remained at one-third to one-half maximal levels after its end and were found in mature ascospores. Their appearance at this time is in sharp contrast to vegetative cells in which these histone transcripts are only found just before and during the period of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, transcripts from GAL10 and CDC10 genes, which are believed to be dispensable for sporulation, were much more abundant in sporulating cells than in asporogenous cells and vegetative cells grown on glucose or acetate. The presence of these transcripts did not appear to be due to a general activation of transcription because each accumulated with different kinetics. In addition, the transcript for at least one gene, HO, that is also dispensable for sporulation was not detected. The increased abundance of transcripts from some genes not required for sporulation leads us to propose that genes preferentially expressed during sporulation need not be essential for this differentiation.
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Rawal, Amit, Ayush Paharia, and Vijay Kumar. "Enhancing the mechanical properties of virgin and damaged jute/polypropylene hybrid nonwoven geotextiles via mild alkali treatment of jute fibers." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 18 (May 3, 2018): 2132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518773377.
Full textAbstract:
Nonwoven geotextiles made from hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers can potentially offer distinct advantages in terms of uniformity and improved mechanical properties. To further enhance the mechanical properties of hybrid nonwoven geotextiles, natural fibers such as jute must be treated with a minimal amount of alkali, such that the treatment process becomes scalable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Herein, we report a comparative analysis of physical and mechanical properties between the corresponding samples of untreated (UT) jute/polypropylene (PP) and mild alkali-treated (MAT) jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles in both virgin and damaged conditions. The constituent jute fibers were treated with 0.5 wt.% of sodium hydroxide solution under ambient temperature conditions for 24 h duration. Such mild treatment of jute fibers with alkali solution resulted in considerable improvement in the mechanical properties of MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles corresponding to the sets of UT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles. Various types of damage, including circular holes, horizontal cuts, vertical cuts and inclined cuts at an angle of 45°, were artificially induced in hybrid nonwoven geotextiles to investigate the reduction in tensile properties. Further, the Poisson's ratio in virgin and damaged states was determined to make a comparison between the UT and MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles. In general, lower Poisson's ratio values were observed for mechanically damaged MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles corresponding to the samples of UT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles. Surprisingly, the vertical cuts induced in MAT jute/PP nonwoven geotextiles yielded tensile strength comparable to that of virgin samples.
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Hall, M., D. D. Mickey, A. S. Wenger, and L. M. Silverman. "Adenylate kinase: an oncodevelopmental marker in an animal model for human prostatic cancer." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1689–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.10.1689.
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Abstract Data are presented demonstrating that adenylate kinase (AK; EC 2.7.4.3) is an oncodevelopmental enzyme in the prostate of Copenhagen rats. We selected the Dunning tumor (dorsal rat prostate) as a model system because it most nearly approximates the human pathology. Four sublines of the tumor (R3327-H, R3327-AT, MAT Lu, and MAT LyLu) were studied. The tumor sublines were maintained as solid tumors in syngeneic rats and as monolayers in tissue culture. AK activity appeared in conjunction with malignant transformation of the dorsal prostate. We also determined the normal developmental enzyme pattern: AK was present in prostates of newborns, but was undetectable in prostates of adults. However, AK increased after castration. Therefore, we propose AK as a potential oncofetal tumor marker in prostatic cancer.
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Biswas, Md Jamil Hossain, Bishwo Mainali, Soo Jean Park, Phillip Taylor, and Polychronis Rempoulakis. "Electrophysiological Responses to Cuelure of Raspberry Ketone-Fed Queensland Fruit Flies." Journal of Economic Entomology 113, no. 6 (October 28, 2020): 2832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa242.
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Abstract The sterile insect technique (SIT) and male annihilation technique (MAT) are important tools for the control of Queensland fruit fly (Q-fly), Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a major insect pest of horticultural crops in Australia. In MAT, mature Q-fly males are attracted to a toxic bait using Cuelure, a synthetic analog of raspberry ketone (RK). Substantial improvements in control could be achieved by simultaneous use of SIT and MAT, but this requires suppression of the Cuelure response in released sterile flies. Recent studies report that prerelease feeding with RK during the first 48 h after emergence can reduce the response of mature Q-fly males to Cuelure, but the mechanism underpinning this is unknown. Here, to test whether reduced sensory sensitivity to Cuelure is involved, we evaluated the effects of RK supplements, adult diet (yeast-supplemented diet throughout adult stage vs yeast-supplemented diet only for 48 h), and age on electroantennogram (EAG) and electropalpogram (EPG) responses of Q-flies to Cuelure stimuli. EAG responses did not vary with RK supplements, sex, or age of Q-flies fed yeast-supplemented diet throughout the adult stage, but the responses of Q-flies fed other diet regime decreased with age. EPG responses of both sexes of Q-flies were affected by RK supplements, age, and their interaction, but without patterns that might indicate reduced maxillary palp response of RK supplemented flies to Cuelure. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that reduced Cuelure response of male Q-flies fed RK supplements is explained by reduced electrophysiological response in antennae or maxillary palps.
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Gompertz, David. "Mat H. Ho and H. Kenneth Dillon (Editors). Biological monitoring of exposure to chemicals — organic compounds. John Wiley, Chichester, 1987; 352 pp. £59.65." Journal of Applied Toxicology 8, no. 3 (June 1988): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.2550080315.
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Shao, Linjun, Baowei Hu, Pengdu Dong, Weixin Ji, and Chenze Qi. "Electrospinning Fe(III)porphyrin/TiO2/poly(styrene) mixture: formation of a novel nanofiber photocatalyst for the photodegradation of methyl orange." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 14, no. 11 (November 2010): 993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424610002823.
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TiO2/PS, Fe(III) tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPP)/PS and TiO2/FeTPP/PS nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning a mixture solution of corresponding compounds in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The absorbance of FeTPP was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy. The surface morphologies of these electrospun mats were evaluated with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their photocatalytic activities were examined with the photodegradation reaction of methyl orange in aqueous solution under the irradiation of visible light. The result shows that the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/FeTPP/PS mat is higher than that of FeTPP/PS mats, which in turn is better than that of TiO2/PS mats in the photodegradation of methyl orange. The degradation percent of methyl orange could be up to 97.8% in 3 h by the FeTPP/TiO2/PS mat photocatalyst.
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Kregel, K. C., C. M. Tipton, and D. R. Seals. "Thermal adjustments to nonexertional heat stress in mature and senescent Fischer 344 rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 1337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.4.1337.
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The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the rise in colonic temperature (Tc) during nonexertional heat stress is exaggerated in senescent (SEN, 24 mo, n = 12) vs. mature (MAT, 12 mo, n = 15) conscious unrestrained Fischer 344 rats. On 2 separate days (48 h apart) each SEN and MAT animal was exposed to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 42 degrees C (relative humidity 20%) until a Tc of 41 degrees C was attained and then cooled at a Ta of 26 degrees C until Tc returned to the initial control level. Control Tc was similar in the two groups for both trials. The rate of Tc change during heating was 63% greater (0.070 +/- 0.005 vs. 0.043 +/- 0.004 degrees C/min, P less than 0.05) and the time to 41 degrees C reduced by 36% (54 +/- 6 vs. 85 +/- 10 min, P less than 0.05) in MAT vs. SEN animals during the first exposure, although the cooling rate was slower in the MAT (0.048 +/- 0.004 degrees C/min) vs. SEN (0.062 +/- 0.006 degrees C/min) animals (P less than 0.05). The heating rate was unchanged in MAT animals between trials 1 and 2. However, SEN animals had a 95% increase in heating rate in trial 2 compared with trial 1 (P less than 0.05), and the corresponding time to 41 degrees C was decreased by 44% (P less than 0.05). As a result, rate of heating and time to 41 degrees C were similar in the two groups during trial 2. The cooling rate was similar between trials within each group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Takeshita, T., Y. Goto, K. Tada, K. Nagata, H. Asao, and K. Sugamura. "Monoclonal antibody defining a molecule possibly identical to the p75 subunit of interleukin 2 receptor." Journal of Experimental Medicine 169, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 1323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.169.4.1323.
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A mouse hybridoma cell line, TU27, producing an mAb was established. TU27 mAb reacted with various human and Gibbon ape T cell lines bearing the IL-2R p75 (IL-2Rp75), but not with cell lines expressing only Tac antigen, IL-2Rp55, and numbers of its binding sites on cell surfaces were similar to those of high-affinity IL-2R. Radioimmunoprecipitation with TU27 mAb defined a molecule with a molecular mass of 75 kD on the surface of IL-2Rp75 bearing cells. TU27 mAb completely blocked IL-2 binding to IL-2Rp75 and to the high-affinity IL-2R but not to IL-2Rp55 composing the low-affinity IL-2R. The IL-2-dependent growth of a human T cell line, ILT-Mat, was significantly inhibited by TU27 mAb only at low concentrations of IL-2, and combination of TU27 mAb and H-31 mAb specific for IL-2Rp55 completely inhibited the cell growth even at high concentrations of IL-2. These data strongly suggest that TU27 mAb is specific for the human IL-2Rp75.
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Crambert, Gilles, Ciming Li, Dirk Claeys, and Käthi Geering. "FXYD3 (Mat-8), a New Regulator of Na,K-ATPase." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 5 (May 2005): 2363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-10-0878.
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Four of the seven members of the FXYD protein family have been identified as specific regulators of Na,K-ATPase. In this study, we show that FXYD3, also known as Mat-8, is able to associate with and to modify the transport properties of Na,K-ATPase. In addition to this shared function, FXYD3 displays some uncommon characteristics. First, in contrast to other FXYD proteins, which were shown to be type I membrane proteins, FXYD3 may have a second transmembrane-like domain because of the presence of a noncleavable signal peptide. Second, FXYD3 can associate with Na,K- as well as H,K-ATPases when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. However, in situ (stomach), FXYD3 is associated only with Na,K-ATPase because its expression is restricted to mucous cells in which H,K-ATPase is absent. Coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes, FXYD3 modulates the glycosylation processing of the β subunit of X,K-ATPase dependent on the presence of the signal peptide. Finally, FXYD3 decreases both the apparent affinity for Na+ and K+ of Na,K-ATPase.
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Maret, W. "Biological Monitoring of Exposure to Chemicals: Metals. Edited by H. Kenneth Dillon and Mat H. Ho. Wiley, New York, 1991. Xvii + 280 pp., $80.00." Analytical Biochemistry 208, no. 1 (January 1993): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/abio.1993.1034.
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Xu, Hai Long, Yan Cao, Wei Hong Wang, and Qing Wen Wang. "Creep Model of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite." Materials Science Forum 850 (March 2016): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.86.
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The flexural performance, 24 h creep-24 h recovery of the Populus alba wood fiber reinforced high-density polyethylene composites prepared by forming mat-compression molding method is investigated. Two-parameter power law model, Findley’s power law model and Burgers model are used to describe the 24 h creep curve of wood fiber reinforced polymer composite. Through model testing and parameter testing, and comparing the sum squared error of three models found that four elements Burgers model is successfully simulated with the creep resistance performances of resulted wood fiber reinforced polymer composites, and the two-parameter power law model is the worst. In summary, the four elements Burgers model is suitable for describing the creep performances of wood fiber reinforced polymer composites and predicting the safety and stability during application.
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Achstetter, T. "Regulation of alpha-factor production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a-factor pheromone-induced expression of the MF alpha 1 and STE13 genes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 10 (October 1989): 4507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.10.4507.
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Production of the mating pheromone alpha-factor was examined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAT alpha cells that had been exposed to the mating pheromone a-factor. A 2-h treatment with a-factor caused a significant increase in alpha-factor concentration in the medium as demonstrated by a halo assay. MF alpha 1 is one of the two genes coding for a precursor of alpha-factor. A Northern (RNA) analysis of total RNA from a-factor-treated MAT alpha cells revealed a rapid two- to threefold increase in MF alpha 1 transcript levels, reaching maximum within 60 min of exposure to the pheromone. Pheromone induction did not require ongoing protein synthesis. a-Factor-induced MF alpha 1 expression was quantitated by analysis of an MF alpha 1::SUC2 fusion gene whose product was assayed for invertase activity. Expression of the MF alpha 1::SUC2 gene in MAT alpha cells responded to the a-factor signal like the chromosomal version of MF alpha 1. Maturation of the alpha-factor precursor involves three proteolytic activities which are encoded by the KEX1, KEX2, and STE13 genes, respectively. Two of these genes, namely, KEX2 and STE13, were examined for pheromone-induced expression. Only the STE13 gene exhibited pheromone induction at the transcriptional level.
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Achstetter, T. "Regulation of alpha-factor production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a-factor pheromone-induced expression of the MF alpha 1 and STE13 genes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 10 (October 1989): 4507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.10.4507-4514.1989.
Full textAbstract:
Production of the mating pheromone alpha-factor was examined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAT alpha cells that had been exposed to the mating pheromone a-factor. A 2-h treatment with a-factor caused a significant increase in alpha-factor concentration in the medium as demonstrated by a halo assay. MF alpha 1 is one of the two genes coding for a precursor of alpha-factor. A Northern (RNA) analysis of total RNA from a-factor-treated MAT alpha cells revealed a rapid two- to threefold increase in MF alpha 1 transcript levels, reaching maximum within 60 min of exposure to the pheromone. Pheromone induction did not require ongoing protein synthesis. a-Factor-induced MF alpha 1 expression was quantitated by analysis of an MF alpha 1::SUC2 fusion gene whose product was assayed for invertase activity. Expression of the MF alpha 1::SUC2 gene in MAT alpha cells responded to the a-factor signal like the chromosomal version of MF alpha 1. Maturation of the alpha-factor precursor involves three proteolytic activities which are encoded by the KEX1, KEX2, and STE13 genes, respectively. Two of these genes, namely, KEX2 and STE13, were examined for pheromone-induced expression. Only the STE13 gene exhibited pheromone induction at the transcriptional level.