Journal articles on the topic 'H.N.R. Jackman Collection'

Let ${\mathcal H}$ denote a collection of subsets of {1,2,. . .,n}, and assign independent random variables uniformly distributed over [0,1] to the n elements. Declare an element p-present if its corresponding value is at most p. In this paper, we quantify how much the observation of the r-present (r>p) set of elements affects the probability that the set of p-present elements is contained in ${\mathcal H}$. In the context of percolation, we find that this question is closely linked to the near-critical regime. As a consequence, we show that for every r>1/2, bond percolation on the subgraph of the square lattice given by the set of r-present edges is almost surely noise sensitive at criticality, thus generalizing a result due to Benjamini, Kalai and Schramm.

Two systems are described for the collection of 24 h urine samples from the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus). Using 84 adult animals, 1210 24-h samples were collected. Mean urinary excretion was 14·4±7·5 ml/24h ( n=1210, mean±SD). No differences were observed between sexes (for 52 females, 24 h volume=15·1±8·0 ml; for 32 males, 24 h volume=12·5±6·0 ml). No significant differences were observed between pregnant and non-pregnant females with respect to 24 h urine volume, and bilateral gonadectomy did not influence subsequent urinary excretion in either sex. For 161 pairs of observations, the intake of drinking water (11·7±10·2 ml/24 h) and the volume of urine excreted (12·6±7·1 ml/24 h) showed a positive correlation r=0·406 d.f. 159, P<0·001: y=0·558 x+4·247).

Samples of two differently prepared zeolite rho loaded with different amounts of dimethylamine (DMA) were studied in their hydrated forms by X-ray diffraction. Both zeolites are partially dealuminated, as indicated by nonframework A1 which is assumed to be Al2O3 or AlOOH. Series I was prepared from dry-calcined NHn-rho at 873 K, series II from steam-calcined NHn-rho at 773 K. The samples were loaded with different amounts of DMA. Rietveld refinements yielded the following results for series I: (1) H3.8(H-DMA)5Cs0.2Al9Si39O96.Al2O3.21H2O, X-ray data collection at room temperature, Im\overline 3m, a = 15.0590 (2) Å, R wp = 0.089; (2) (H-DMA)8.8Cs0.2Al9Si39O96.Al2O3.18H2O, X-ray data collection at room temperature, Im\overline 3m, a = 15.0680 (2) Å, R wp = 0.091. Series II: (3) H0.3(H-DMA)5Cs0.7Al6Si42O96.2.5Al2O3.24H2O, X-ray data collection at room temperature, Im\overline 3m, a = 15.0596 (2) Å, R wp = 0.120. DMA resides on the center axis through the \alpha-cage with the N atoms pointing to the single eight-ring and the two methyl groups oriented towards the center of the \alpha-cage.

Samples of two differently prepared zeolites rho loaded with different amounts of trimethylamine (TMA) were studied in their hydrated and dehydrated forms by X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments. Both zeolites are partially dealuminated, as indicated by nonframework Al, which is assumed to be Al2O3 or AlOOH. Series I was prepared from dry-calcined NHn-rho at 873 K, series II from steam-calcined NHn-rho at 773 K. The samples were loaded with different amounts of deuterated TMA. Rietveld refinements yielded the following results for series I: (1) H3.8(H-TMA)5Cs0.2Al9 Si39O96.Al2O3.22H2O, X-ray data collection at room temperature, Im\overline 3m, a = 15.0542 (2) Å, R wp = 0.094; (2) composition as in (1) (anhydrous), neutron data collection at 5 K of dehydrated and deuterated sample, Im3m, a = 15.0467 (4) Å, R wp = 0.034. Series II: (3) H0.3(H-TMA)5Cs0.7Al6Si42O96.2.5Al2O3.22H2O, X-ray data collection at room temperature, Im\overline 3m, a = 15.0574 (2) Å, R wp = 0.118; (4) composition as in (3) (anhydrous), neutron data collection at 5 K of dehydrated and deuterated sample, lm\overline 3m, a = 15.0761 (5) Å, R wp = 0.037. In all determinations the TMA molecules reside with the N and H (D in neutron diffraction analysis) atoms on the central axes (x, 0, 0) pointing towards the center of the single eight-ring, whilst the three methyl groups point away to the center of the \alpha-cage.

Abasi et al. (2014) introduced the following two problems. In the r -S imple k -P ath problem, given a digraph G on n vertices and positive integers r , k , decide whether G has an r -simple k -path, which is a walk where every vertex occurs at most r times and the total number of vertex occurrences is k . In the ( r , k )-M onomial D etection problem, given an arithmetic circuit that succinctly encodes some polynomial P on n variables and positive integers k , r , decide whether P has a monomial of total degree k where the degree of each variable is at most r . Abasi et al. obtained randomized algorithms of running time 4 ( k / r )log r ⋅ n O (1) for both problems. Gabizon et al. (2015) designed deterministic 2 O (( k / r )log r ) ⋅ n O (1) -time algorithms for both problems (however, for the ( r , k )-M onomial D etection problem the input circuit is restricted to be non-canceling). Gabizon et al. also studied the following problem. In the P -S et ( r , q )-P acking P roblem , given a universe V , positive integers ( p , q , r ), and a collection H of sets of size P whose elements belong to V , decide whether there exists a subcollection H ′ of H of size q where each element occurs in at most r sets of H ′ . Gabizon et al. obtained a deterministic 2 O (( pq / r )log r ) ⋅ n O (1) -time algorithm for P -S et ( r , q )-P acking . The above results prove that the three problems are single-exponentially fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) parameterized by the product of two parameters, that is, k / r and log r , where k = pq for P -S et ( r , q )-P acking . Abasi et al. and Gabizon et al. asked whether the log r factor in the exponent can be avoided. Bonamy et al. (2017) answered the question for ( r , k )-M onomial D etection by proving that unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) fails there is no 2 o (( k / r ) log r ) ⋅ ( n + log k ) O (1) -time algorithm for ( r , k )-M onomial D etection , i.e., ( r , k )-M onomial D etection is unlikely to be single-exponentially FPT when parameterized by k / r alone. The question remains open for r -S imple k -P ath and P -S et ( r , q )-P acking . We consider the question from a wider perspective: are the above problems FPT when parameterized by k / r only, i.e., whether there exists a computable function f such that the problems admit a f ( k / r )( n +log k ) O (1) -time algorithm? Since r can be substantially larger than the input size, the algorithms of Abasi et al. and Gabizon et al. do not even show that any of these three problems is in XP parameterized by k / r alone. We resolve the wider question by (a) obtaining a 2 O (( k / r ) 2 log( k / r )) ⋅ ( n + log k ) O (1) -time algorithm for r -S imple k -P ath on digraphs and a 2 O ( k / r ) &sdot ( n + log k ) O (1) -time algorithm for r -S imple k -P ath on undirected graphs (i.e., for undirected graphs, we answer the original question in affirmative), (b) showing that P -S et ( r , q )-P acking is FPT (in contrast, we prove that P -M ultiset ( r , q )-P acking is W[1]-hard), and (c) proving that ( r , k )-M onomial D etection is para-NP-hard even if only two distinct variables are in polynomial P and the circuit is non-canceling. For the special case of ( r , k )-M onomial D etection where k is polynomially bounded by the input size (which is in XP), we show W[1]-hardness. Along the way to solve P -S et ( r , q )-P acking , we obtain a polynomial kernel for any fixed P , which resolves a question posed by Gabizon et al. regarding the existence of polynomial kernels for problems with relaxed disjointness constraints. All our algorithms are deterministic.

Rheocricotopus (Rheocricotopus) reduncusoides sp. n. is described from Bathurst Island, Nunavut, Canada. Its discovery was made while curating and examining specimens deposited by H. V. Danks in 1969 at the Canadian National Collection in Ottawa, Canada. We also report the first Canadian record of Parametriocnemus hamatus (Johannsen, 1934) from Québec, based on previously unsorted material deposited at the Canadian National Collection. In this paper we provide distributional records of the Nearctic species of Rheocricotopus Thienemann and Harnisch and Parametriocnemus Goetghebuer, and present a key to the Nearctic adult males of these genera.

Abstract Comparing a direct radioimmunoassay for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) with an established gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for 6-hydroxymelatonin, we found a good correlation r = 0.94 (P less than 0.001, n = 100). aMT6s was stable, both in urine and plasma samples, without preservative, for at least two years at -20 degrees C and for five days at room temperature. Urinary excretion of aMT6s showed considerable inter-individual differences; however, the aMT6s excretion of any one individual was consistent over a four-day period, as assessed by continuous collection from 18 normal volunteers. Total 24-h urinary excretion of aMT6s was significantly correlated with the area under the curve of the respective profiles for plasma melatonin (r = 0.75, P = 0.0002) and plasma aMT6s (r = 0.70, P = 0.0005) for 22 healthy volunteers. At 24:00 h and 03:00 h, sampling plasma at 30-s intervals provided no evidence for episodic secretion (in short pulses) of either melatonin or aMT6s.

Samples of two differently prepared zeolite rho loaded with different amounts of monomethylamine (MMA) were studied in their hydrated and dehydrated forms by X-ray and neutron diffraction. Both zeolites are partially dealuminated, as indicated by nonframework alumina, which is assumed to be Al2O3 or AlOOH. Series I was prepared from dry-calcined NH4-rho at 873 K, series II from steam-calcined NH4-rho at 773 K. The samples were loaded with different amounts of deuterated MMA, Rietveld refinements yielded the following results for series I (dry): (1) H3.8(H-MMA)5Cs0.2Al9Si39O2.Al2O3.28H2O, X-ray data collection at room temperature, Im\overline 3m, a = 14.9991 (2) Å, R wp = 0.095; (2) composition as in (1), anhydrous and deuterated, neutron data collected at 5 K, disproportionation into two phases in I\overline 43m, with a = 14.8410 (7) and 14.5273 (11) Å, R wp = 0.038; (3) (H-MMA)8.8Cs0.2Al9Si39O96.Al2O3.25H2O, X-ray data collection at room temperature, I\overline 43m, a = 14.9771 (2) Å, R wp = 0.090. Series II (steam): (4) H0.3(H-MMA)5Cs0.7Al6Si42O96.2.5Al2O3.23H2O, X-ray data collected at room temperature,Im\overline 3m, a = 15.0323 (2) Å, R wp = 0.124; (5) composition as in (4), anhydrous and deuterated, neutron data collected at 5 K, disproportionation into two phases in I\overline 43m with a = 14.9151 (2) and 14.6475(8) Å, R wp = 0.031. In the hydrated samples MMA resides on the center axis in the α-cage with the N atoms pointing to the single eight-ring; upon dehydration it migrates into the double eight-rings.

The two single-enantiomer phosphoric triamides N-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-N′,N′′-bis[(S)-(−)-α-methylbenzyl]phosphoric triamide, [2,6-F2-C6H3C(O)NH][(S)-(−)-(C6H5)CH(CH3)NH]2P(O), denoted L-1, and N-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)-N′,N′′-bis[(R)-(+)-α-methylbenzyl]phosphoric triamide, [2,6-F2-C6H3C(O)NH][(R)-(+)-(C6H5)CH(CH3)NH]2P(O), denoted D-1, both C23H24F2N3O2P, have been investigated. In their structures, chiral one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded architectures are formed along [100], mediated by relatively strong N—H...O(P) and N—H...O(C) hydrogen bonds. Both assemblies include the noncentrosymmetric graph-set motifs R 2 2(10), R 2 1(6) and C 2 2(8), and the compounds crystallize in the chiral space group P1. Due to the data collection of L-1 at 120 K and of D-1 at 95 K, the unit-cell dimensions and volume show a slight difference; the contraction in the volume of D-1 with respect to that in L-1 is about 0.3%. The asymmetric units of both structures consist of two independent phosphoric triamide molecules, with the main difference being seen in one of the torsion angles in the OPNHCH(CH3)(C6H5) part. The Hirshfeld surface maps of these levo and dextro isomers are very similar; however, they are near mirror images of each other. For both structures, the full fingerprint plot of each symmetry-independent molecule shows an almost asymmetric shape as a result of its different environment in the crystal packing. It is notable that NMR spectroscopy could distinguish between compounds L-1 and D-1 that have different relative stereocentres; however, the differences in chemical shifts between them were found to be about 0.02 to 0.001 ppm under calibrated temperature conditions. In each molecule, the two chiral parts are also different in NMR media, in which chemical shifts and P–H and P–C couplings have been studied.

Abstract Objectives Examine and compare the hormones related to satiety in women identified as 1) restrained + disinhibited eaters, 2) restrained, non-disinhibited eaters, or 3) unrestrained, non-disinhibited eaters. We hypothesized restrained eaters with disinhibition would have a different pattern of appetitive hormones involved in food intake regulation. Methods 178 women from a cross-sectional study completed the three factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ), and were classified as restrained + disinhibited eaters (RD, n = 38), restrained, non-disinhibited eaters (R, n = 52), or unrestrained, non-disinhibited eaters (LL, n = 88). Women fasted for 12 h prior to baseline blood collection, and postprandial blood was collected after a meal challenge at 30 min, 3 h, and 6 h. Data were evaluated for outliers and missingness, and transformed and imputed using multivariate normal imputation. Differences in glucose, insulin and ghrelin were analyzed using a linear mixed model comparing groups. Time to peak and nadir for glucose, insulin and ghrelin were calculated from response curves. Chi square tests of proportions were used to determine whether the distribution of participants in the three groups were different in their times to peak and nadir. Results There were no significant differences between groups in ghrelin or insulin concentrations over time. However, overall glucose levels in RD were significantly lower than R and LL groups (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively). Chi-squared tests indicated that a greater proportion of women in the RD group reached peak glucose at 3 h, compared to women in R and LL with peak glucose occurring at 30 min (P = 0.04). Glucose nadir displayed a bimodal distribution in R, with more women at baseline and 3 h compared to RD and LL (P = 0.05). Ghrelin nadir was reached at 3 h for more participants in RD and LL, but occurred later at 6 h in more participants in R (P = 0.04). Conclusions Dietary restraint and disinhibition are associated with circulating glucose and ghrelin concentrations; however, prospective research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship. Funding Sources USDA CRIS 2032-51530-022, 2032-51530-025, and 2032-51530-026-00-D, and a grant from Arla Foods Inc.

Production of cloned nonhuman primate embryos has been reported using mature oocytes obtained from donors treated in vivo with a high dose of recombinant human FSH (r-hFSH, 35 IU per day for 10 days). The disadvantages of this approach are the high cost of hormones and the need to use the oocytes shortly after collection. Our study aimed to investigate the possibility of using initial in vivo treatment with a reduced FSH dose followed by in vitro culture for long periods of up to 3 days to produce mature monkey oocytes as host ooplasts for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Adult female long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys were treated with r-hFSH (Serono, Aubonne, Switzerland, 35 IU per day, i.m.) either for 10 days with an injection of hCG (1000 IU, i/m) 34 h before oocyte collection (G.I) or with only r-hFSH for 7 days (G.II). Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected by follicular aspiration and then cultured in TCM-199 medium (GIBCO) supplemented with estradiol-17β, FSH, LH, and 10% FCS at 39°C in an incubator with 5% CO2 in air. The maturation rate based on the level of cumulus expansion and the presence of the first polar body was recorded at the moment of collection and during 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of in vitro maturation (IVM). For SCNT, the mature Metaphase II oocytes were separated from cumulus cells and selected for enucleation in the presence of cytochalasin B (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). Skin fibroblasts obtained from adult monkeys were cultured in DMEM+ 10% FCS and induced to quiescence in DMEM 0% FCS 2 days before use. A single cell was transferred under the zona of each enucleated oocyte. Couplets were fused with two direct current (DC) pulses of 220 V/mm for 25 μs in Zimmerman medium. Fused oocytes were cultured in medium containing cyclohexamide for 6 h before placing them into monkey culture medium (Cook, Brisbane, Australia). The average number of oocytes collected per animal were 21.2 (n = 18) and 18.6 (n = 12) for the G.I and G.II treatments, respectively. For G.I, the rate of COCs with fully expanded cumulus was 42% at collection and was maximal (80%) at Day 1 of IVM. For G.II, fully expanded cumulus was not observed at the time of collection and during the first 2 days of IVM, but 75% of COCs had full cumulus expansion by Day 3 of IVM. The rates of intact and fused oocytes were 50.3% for G.I and 55.4% for G.II. From the fused oocytes, 67.8% and 64.4% developed to the 4- to 8-cell stages at Days 2–3 after nuclear transfer for G.I and G.II, respectively. From these data, it can be concluded that this approach can be applied to optimize production of mature oocytes for non-human primate SCNT and ART (assisted reproductive technologies) programs. This work was supported by AIRE-Development.

Abstract Introduction: We evaluated a predictive formula for CD34+ cell yield from HPC collections at 2 institutions using different mobilization and machine parameters on the COBE® Spectra (Spectra) and Spectra Optia® (Optia) devices. Patients and Methods: Heidelberg: Data were reviewed for all 67 pts who collected autologous HPC from 2/13/14 to 7/11/14. A total of 89 collection events (n) were analyzed (50 male, 39 female). Diagnoses were myeloma (n=64) and non-myeloma (n=25). Age was 17–74 years (median 60). Mobilization was chemotherapy + G-CSF (5 µg/kg SC daily; n=82) or G-CSF (10 µg/kg SC daily, minimum 4 days; n=7) + plerixafor (240 µg/kg SC) added to G-CSF 15 h before collection in poor mobilizers (n=9). Pts were randomly assigned to collect on either Spectra (n=26) or Optia (n=63). Anticoagulant citrate dextrose (ACD) was used at an inlet:anti-coagulant ratio of 15:1 with inlet flow rate of 40–100 mL/min. A central venous line (n=6) or peripheral access (n=83) was used to process 3–4 blood volumes. UAMS: Data were reviewed for all 52 pts who collected HPC from 8/13/13 to 7/10/14. A total of 155 collection events were analyzed (90 male, 65 female). Diagnoses were myeloma (n=127) and non-myeloma (n=28). Age was 24–79 years (median 64). Mobilization used chemotherapy + G-CSF (5–8 mg/kg SC twice daily; n=116) or G-CSF (5–8 mg/kg SC twice daily; n=39) + plerixafor (240 µg/kg SC) added to G-CSF 15 h before leukapheresis in poor mobilizers (n=41). All pts had central venous lines. Spectra pts (n=133) had 5–40 L blood processed using 1,000 mL ACD and 5,000 U heparin for anticoagulation at an inlet:anti-coagulant ratio of 31:1, inlet flow rate of 150 mL/min. Collection flow rate was set at 1.5 mL/min and 10 mL ACD was added to the component at processed volumes of 10 L, 20 L and 30 L. Optia pts (n=22) had 7–23 L blood processed using ACD at a ratio of 12:1 for the first chamber, changing to 25:1 during first chamber collection phase, with a maximum inlet flow rate of 125 mL/min. Heparinized citrate was used as with the Spectra, with 3 mL of ACD without heparin added to the product bag before start of collection, and 1 mL of ACD was added for every chamber processed during the procedure after every 10 L, with an aim to keep the concentration in the product bag 10% by volume. Pts were collected randomly on Optia one day and Spectra another and if platelet count was ≥80 K/mL were given 81 mg aspirin at start of collection. Both institutions: continuous CaCl₂ infusion was used to prevent side effects of citrate for both machines, and CD34+ cells were quantified by flow cytometry using the ISHAGE protocol. Prediction of CD34+ cells collected/L blood processed was calculated using the formula: (peripheral blood CD34+ cells/µL) × (estimated collection efficiency of 30%) / body weight (kg) (Rosenbaum et al. Cytotherapy, 2012;14:461–466). Predicted CD34+ counts/kg were plotted on the x-axis against corresponding observed counts (y-axis) for all collections and the scatter plots assessed for linear relationship between predicted and observed. Linear regression analyses were performed and the linear correlation coefficients (r-values) were calculated; slope and intercepts of the regression lines were evaluated. The same analyses were performed on the following subgroups: combined data for both institutions, data for Spectra and Optia separately by institution, and Spectra and Optia data separately but combining institutions. Results: Regression analyses performed on all collection events categorized by institution demonstrated very strong linear correlations between predicted and observed values [r=0.88 (y=1.64x - 0.10) and 0.92 (y=1.14x + 0.88), Heidelberg and UAMS, respectively]. For data combined for both institutions, strong linear correlation persisted [r=0.91 (y=1.17x + 1.31); Figure]. Data categorized by machine used (Spectra vs. Optia) both within institution and combining institutional data showed consistently strong linear correlation (r-values all >0.84). Conclusions: This is the first report confirming inter-institutional reproducibility of this formula for predicting the minimum number of CD34+ cells that may be expected for a given number of liters of blood processed for an HPC collection. We also demonstrate that inter-institutional differences in mobilization regimens and collection parameters do not affect efficacy of the prediction, nor does machine type used (Spectra vs. Optia). Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Wuchter: Sanofi: Honoraria; ETICHO: Consultancy, Honoraria. Hundemer:Celgene: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Genzyme: Research Funding. Goldschmidt:Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Ho:Genzyme: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Aim: to describe the views of relatives regarding the care services provided for their elderly relatives receiving pre-dialysis treatment. Method: this was a qualitative-descriptive study, with participants including eight elderly individuals and their families who attended a uremia outpatient clinic. Data collection occurred between March and July 2013 at families’ homes and the study used genograms and circular question interviews. To analyze the data, this study used topic content analysis. Results: besides the regular demands of aging, families need to add pre-dialysis treatment to t h ei r e l d e r l y r e l at i v e s ’ r o u t i n e s . Th e p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i a l ys i s f o r c e s r el a t i v es t o c h an g e their roles and search for other possible solutions to the illness. Discussion: families search for alternatives within both the realm of common sense and in the spiritual world in order to meet the demands of their elderly relatives’ illness. Conclusion: family care for the elderly is fundamental in the fight against renal disease and the dialog between relatives and health professionals can improve care performance.

AbstractWe approach the analysis of the extent of the projectivity of modules from a fresh perspective as we introduce the notion of relative subprojectivity. A module M is said to be N-subprojective if for every epimorphism g : B → N and homomorphism f : M → N, there exists a homomorphism h : M → B such that gh = f. For a module M, the subprojectivity domain of M is defined to be the collection of all modules N such that M is N-subprojective. We consider, for every ring R, the subprojective profile of R, namely, the class of all subprojectivity domains for R modules. We show that the subprojective profile of R is a semi-lattice, and consider when this structure has coatoms or a smallest element. Modules whose subprojectivity domain is as smallest as possible will be called subprojectively poor (sp-poor) or projectively indigent (p-indigent), and those with co-atomic subprojectivy domain are said to be maximally subprojective. While we do not know if sp-poor modules and maximally subprojective modules exist over every ring, their existence is determined for various families. For example, we determine that artinian serial rings have sp-poor modules and attain the existence of maximally subprojective modules over the integers and for arbitrary V-rings. This work is a natural continuation to recent papers that have embraced the systematic study of the injective, projective and subinjective profiles of rings.

The vicuna (Vicugna vicugna) is a wild species of South American camelid (SAC) that lives in the Andean region from Peru to Argentina. It is classified at Low Risk by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN); however, it is a threatened species and conservation-related studies are needed. Assisted reproduction techniques are potentially useful as a conservation tool (Durrant B 2009 Theriogenology 71, 113-122), and the development of a sperm-based genome resource bank for subsequent use in AI in the vicuna is a priority. Although semen cryopreservation has been successfully applied in many species, difficulties have been encountered in SAC species. The aim of the present study was to obtain semen samples, measure testicular volume, and evaluate a protocol for cooling semen of Peruvian vicuna (V. v. mensalis). Six adult males, located at the Zoo Cerrito de la Libertad (Huancayo, Peru; n = 2), and Quimsachata Research Station (Puno, Peru; n = 4) were used. For semen collection, an electroejaculation procedure was carried out under general anesthesia. Semen was collected (n = 16) using a 2-cm-diameter probe with 3 ventral electrodes. Progressive electrical stimulation from 2 V to 12 V was applied in a protocol divided in 3 series: series 1, with 10 stimuli in 2 V, 4 V, and 6 V; series 2, with 10 stimuli in 4 V, 6 V, and 8 V; and series 3, with 10 stimuli in 10 V and 12 V. Fifteen ejaculates were collected. Semen samples (n = 6) were cooled to 4°C in egg yolk-Tris-citrate-glycerol extender and evaluated at 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. Seminal values of the ejaculates were as follows (mean ± SEM): volume = 0.85 ± 0.12 mL; pH = 7.09 ± 0.16; nonprogressive sperm motility = 28.08 ± 3.56%; sperm concentration = 166.29 ± 60.92 × 104 sperm/mL; and sperm normal morphology = 62.77% ± 1.96. Testicular volume was 22.95 ± 2.28 cm3 and did not show a correlation with seminal volume and sperm concentration (r = 0.06 and r = 0.16, respectively; P < 0.05). For cooling, the extender we used was able to maintain viability for 24 h: motility = >30%, viability = >25%, and normal morphology = ≈35%. The present results demonstrate the utility of our improved electroejaculation protocol in the vicuna, and the seminal values were similar to those of a previous study (Giuliano SM et al. 2002 Theriogenology 57, 583 abst) with domestic SAC. Also, we showed that vicuna semen could be successfully cooled and stored for 24 h in an egg yolk-Tris-citrate buffered extender. T. Huanca and M. L. Gonzáles (Quimschata Res. Stat.), G Rojas and L. Bermúdez (Huachipa Zoo), and S. Gonzáles (Zoo Cerrito de la Libertad). Reseach Supported by CONCYTEC (Fellowship to MAE).

Abstract Background Dalbavancin (DALBA) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (2014) and European Medicines Agency (2015) for treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. Dalbavancin activity was assessed against a large collection of S. aureus clinical isolates with decreased susceptibility (S) to key antimicrobial agents used to treat severe S. aureus infections. Methods The organism collection included isolates with decreased S to vancomycin (VAN; MIC ≥2 μg/mL; n = 1,141), daptomycin (DAPTO; MIC ≥2 μg/mL [resistant (R) per CLSI and EUCAST]; n = 48), telavancin (TLV; MIC ≥0.12 μg/mL; n = 73), teicoplanin (TEICO; MIC ≥4 μg/mL [non-S (NS) per EUCAST]; n = 143), and/or linezolid (LNZ; MIC ≥8 μg/mL [R per CLSI and EUCAST]; n = 25). Isolates were selected among 59,903 US isolates tested in 2002–2016. S testing was performed by CLSI methods and MIC results were interpreted per CLSI and EUCAST criteria. Results Only 8 of 59,903 (0.01%) S. aureus isolates tested were categorized as DALBA-NS (MIC, >0.25 μg/mL). DALBA retained activity against 99.3% of isolates with VAN MICs of ≥2 μg/mL (Table), whereas DAPTO (MIC50/90, 0.5/1 μg/mL) and LNZ (MIC50/90, 1/2 μg/mL) were active against 96.8% and 99.6% of isolates, respectively. DALBA (Table) and VAN (MIC50/90, 2/2 μg/mL) retained activity against 95.8% of DAPTO-NS S. aureus. When tested against TEICO-NS (EUCAST) isolates, S rates for DALBA, DAPTO, VAN, and LNZ were 95.1%, 95.8%, 97.9%, and 100.0%, respectively; and DALBA was 4- to 32-fold more potent than these comparator agents. All LNZ-R isolates (100.0%) were S to DALBA (MIC50/90, 0.06/0.06 μg/mL), DAPTO (MIC50/90, 0.5/0.5 μg/mL), and VAN (MIC50/90, 1/2 μg/mL), but DALBA was 8- and 16- to 32-fold more potent than DAPTO and VAN, respectively. MRSA rates ranged from 71.2–96.0% among these R subsets. Conclusion DALBA retained potent in vitro activity against S. aureus isolates, displaying decreased susceptibility to agents commonly used to treat serious infections and was consistently more potent than comparator agents. Disclosures H. S. Sader, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. E. Mendes, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant; L. R. Duncan, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant; M. A. Pfaller, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. K. Flamm, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant

Fouladi Sabet A, Paighambari SY, Pouladi M, Raeisi H, Abbaspour Naderi R. 2018. Bycatch composition of cutlassfish trawlers during fishing season in Bushehr and Hormozgan, Persian Gulf, Iran. Biodiversitas 19: 2275-2282. This investigation was conducted to determine the bycatch composition of cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus) trawlers in Bushehr and Hormozgan waters during fishing season 2013. Data collection was carried out in the summer for Bushehr and in the autumn for Hormozgan province for one month. All trawler vessels were equipped with a 36 m head rope and 75 mm stretched mesh size in the codend and 90 to 200 mm stretched mesh size in the panel. 47 species included 35 species of teleosts, 9 species of elasmobranches and 3 species of invertebrates were identified in Bushehr. Also, 48 species included 38 species of teleosts, 7 species of elasmobranches and 3 species of invertebrates were identified in Hormozgan. The weight and numerical averages of bycatch species were 25.41 (kg h-1) and 205.9 (n h-1) in Bushehr, and 92.58 (kg h-1) and 440.4 (n h-1) in Hormozagan. I. megaloptera, S. tumbil, N. japonicus, D. acuta, C. sexfasciatus, L. equulus in Bushehr and P. sextarius, I. megalopteran, M. cinereus, P. macrophthalmus, N. japonicus and S. tumbil in Hormozgan had highest catch weight. Based on the weight and number, PCA and nMDS methods were indicative of two different assemblages in hunting places. Furthermore, ANOSIM similarity analysis confirmed the results of PCA and nMDS and showed a significant difference in the catch composition of two fishing zones.

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important species for the European and Romanian fruit growing, but, despite its resilience, it can be attacked by specific diseases such as bacteriose (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Pierce) Dye) and anthracnose (Gnomonia leptostyla D.C. Trav) which due to the climatic changes became more active than in the past decades. This paper presents results on the behavior of 48 walnut varieties preserved into the new collection established at RIFG Pitesti Romania to the field infections with these pathogens, their resilience in juvenile phase and their overall classification. The data collected reveal that the microclimate conditions during years of the study (2018-2020) were very favorable for the walnut diseases attack. The correlations monthly average temperatures (*C) -- average leaf wetness hours sum (h/month) and monthly average precipitation sum (mm) -- average leaf wetness hours sum (h/month), contributed to the infections speed and diseases development on the studied biologic material. For these the coefficients R2=0.6086*** (r=0.7801***, n=35) and R2=0.5584*** (r=0.7472***, n=35) were calculated. Under such circumstances, the best behavior on the walnut blight had the varieties: 'Făleşti', 'Geoagiu 453', 'Jupâneşti', 'Miroslava', 'Novaci', 'Timval', 'Valcor', 'Valrex', 'Velniţa', 'Victoria' and 'Vlădeşti' with damages degree DD% on leaves no higher than 0,03. Also, The most resilient on anthracnose attack on leaves were the varieties: 'Argeşean', 'Gemenea 20', 'Pestişani', 'Pecianski', 'Schinoasa', (DD%=0.13), 'Valcris' (DD%=0.11), 'Codrene', 'Secular RM', 'Sibişel 265' (DD%=0.10) and 'Valrex' (DD%=0.05).

Grazing Merino wethers were given 4 consecutive treatments of lupin seed, alone and with oaten g r a i n , using 2 methods of supplementation: trailing over the ground, and stationary feeder. Intake of lupin seed was estimated from ytterbium (Yb) levels in faeces following 24 h during which seed labelled with Yb acetate was offered. Considerable variation in supplement intake was observed between sheep, whether the supplement was trailed (CV 47%) or offered from a feeder (CV 78% over 3 treatments). This was not associated with initial liveweight and should be considered when rations are being prepared. The Yb acetate marker technique was suitable for measuring intake of supplement under field conditions provided animals can be yarded for faecal collection.

Abstract Introduction. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) - a relatively rare developmental defect due to a failure of pleuroperitoneal canal closure. The size of the defect between abdominal and thoracic cavities may be variable and it may have a significant impact on the clinical manifestation and prognosis. In this study we set out additional factors to determine if they affect the outcome of the newborns with CDH. Aim of the Study. To investigate and analyze the influence of selected postnatal prognostic factors for predicting the outcome. The primary outcome measure was survival. Material and methods. The present study is retrospective including the data collection and analysis of medical documentation of patients born with CDH and treated in the Children’s Clinical University hospital between 2012 and 2017. The selected prognostic factors included antenatal diagnostics, Apgar score at 1' and 5', need for an early intubation (≤ 3 h after birth), initial blood gases in first 24 h of life, time interval between delivery and surgical therapy, the stomach and liver presence in the thorax, additional congenital abnormalities, a type and duration of invasive ventilatory support. Outcome parameters were compared between survivors (S) and non-survivors (NS). Results. 19 patients (pts) were identified - 14 S and 5 NS. Total mortality rate - 26%. 17/19 had left-sided, 2/19 - right-sided CDH. 17/19 pregnancies were monitored, prenatal diagnosis was made in 8 pts - 3 of them NS. The mean Apgar score at 1’ in S group was 5,5, NS - 5,0. At 5’ - 6,7 and 5,6. Need for an early intubation was 64% for S, 100% - NS. Initial blood gases in S (n=11) and NS (n=5) showed the mean pH value of 7,18 and 7,02. Mean PaCO2 - 62,92 and 77,42 mm Hg. 16/19 underwent the operation. 2 pts died before and 3 after surgical therapy. The average time interval between delivery and surgical therapy in S group was 31,6 hours, NS - 73,7 h. The intrathoracic liver was observed in 3 pts, 2 of them died, the intrathoracic stomach - 2, none of them died. 14/16 pts had a primary surgical repair (PR), 2/16 - Silo closure before total repair. 6 pts had additional congenital defects - 2/14 S and 4/5 NS. 5 out of all 6 had cardiac anomalies. The average required conventional ventilation time in S (n=9) was 175,9 h, NS (n=3) - 25,7 h. High-frequency oscillatory ventilation for S (n=6) was applied for 255 h, NS (n=5) 157,3 h. The results showed statistically significant relationship between the outcome and additional abnormalities (r(17)=.623, p=0.017) and time interval between delivery and surgical therapy (r(11)=.768, p=.014). Conclusions. The possible predictors of outcome were additional abnormalities and time interval between delivery and surgical therapy.

Evgeniy Pavlovich Fedorov (1909–1986) was President of Commission 19 of the IAU in 1955–1961. In this period the future of the ILS was discussed very actively and the plan for future study of the polar motion was elaborated. E. Fedorov was the organizer and the leader of these preparatory works.He was editor of the collection of papers “On the present state and the future of latitude investigations” (1960, Moscow). In this collection well-known scientists discussed their opinions on the state latitude observations and their improvement. Among them where: H. Spencer Jones, P. Melchior, T. Hattori, I. Fleckenstein, N. Sekiguchi, W. Munk, R. Vicente, A. Young, E. Fedorov, M. Torao, N. Stoyko. In that time Fedorov wrote on the problem of the ILS. The inception of the ILS was preceded by a period of thorough discussion of various aspects of latitude work. By the end of the 19th century polar motion had become a problem of vital importance in astronomy and geophysics. Many efforts were made at that time to find the best means for obtaining the most accurate polar coordinates. As a result a plan of international cooperation for the study of polar motion was worked out.

Abstract Background: Plasma “redox” status can be assessed by measurements of reduced (r)-, free (f)-, oxidized (ox)-, and protein-bound (b)-homocysteine (Hcy) plus the related aminothiols cysteine, cysteinylglycine (CysGly), and glutathione (GSH), but sample collection has been complex. The redox status has not been determined in ischemic stroke patients and may provide increased understanding of its role in pathogenesis. We wished to examine the feasibility of this measurement in samples collected in readily available acidic sodium citrate. Methods: We measured aminothiols and their stability in stabilized protein-free filtrate using acidic sodium citrate (BioPool® StabilyteTM, pH 4.3) vs EDTA whole blood. Before analysis, plasma samples were also ultrafiltered to obtain a protein-free filtrate. The concentrations of total Hcy (tHcy), fHcy, and rHcy and their related aminothiols, cysteine, cysteinylglycine, and glutathione were simultaneously determined on acidic sodium-citrated blood using reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. Bound and oxidized aminothiols were calculated by difference using the concentrations of the total, free, and reduced fractions. Using this approach, we compared the redox status in newly diagnosed ischemic stroke patients (n = 20) and healthy age- and sex-matched subjects (n = 20). Results: tHcy, tCys, tCysGly, and tGSH concentrations in whole blood with Stabilyte were stable for 8 h; the reduced fraction of each aminothiol was stable for 4 h. Recovery in the protein-free filtrate was 90–100% for all reduced thiols in acidified sodium-citrated blood. Patients with ischemic stroke had higher plasma tHcy, fHcy, bHcy, rHcy, and oxHcy (P <0.0005) and higher plasma t-, f-, r-, and oxCys (P <0.05). t-, b-, and rCysGly concentrations were lower in the stroke patients (P <0.05), as were t-, b-, and oxGSH (P <0.005). Conclusions: Collection of blood in acidic sodium citrate (BioPool Stabilyte) permits the determination of the redox status of Hcy and its related aminothiols, which may add to the understanding of their relationship to the etiology of cerebrovascular disease.

Ilse, B. R., O'Neil, M. R., Lardy, G. P., Reynolds, L. P. and Vonnahme, K. A. 2012. Impacts of linseed meal and estradiol-17β on cellularity, angiogenic and vasoactive factor mRNA expression, and vascularity of the uterus in ovariectomized ewes. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 297–306. The objective of the current study was to determine the estrogenic potential of the phytoestrogen secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) found in linseed meal (LSM) on uterine cell proliferation, vascularity, and angiogenic factor mRNA expression. Ovariectomized ewes (n=48) were fed a diet containing 12.5% LSM for 0, 1, 7, or 14 d and implanted with estradiol-17β (E2) for 0, 6, or 24 h before tissue collection. There was an interaction of LSM×E2 on uterine mass (grams; P=0.03; percentage change; P<0.003). Uterine mass increased (P≤0.02) after 24 h of E2 exposure on days 1, 7, and 14 of LSM feeding, with the greatest mass occurring in ewes exposed to E2 for 24 h and 1 d LSM feeding. Regardless of days fed LSM, after 24 h of E2 exposure uterine mass was greatest. The greatest percentage increase in uterine mass occurred in ewes exposed to E2 for 24 h and fed 1 d of LSM. Cell proliferation within the uterine luminal epithelium was greatest (P<0.01) with 24 h of E2 exposure compared with 0 h and 6 h. When expressed as the percentage change in uterine cell proliferation, feeding LSM for 14 d negated these effects. Only length of E2 exposure impacted vascularity with capillary number density at 6 h of E2 exposure being greater (P=0.02) than at 24 h. While mRNA expression of several angiogenic factors was influenced by E2, there was a LSM×E2 interaction (P≤0.03) only on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2C. It appears that growth and angiogenesis of E2 sensitive tissues may be influenced by the duration of LSM feeding.

Abstract Introduction: With an estimated 15 million patients and no drug that addresses its etiology, sickle cell disease (SCD) remains an area of unmet need. Vaso-occlusive pain crisis (VOPC), the hallmark of SCD, is initiated by sickle RBCs (sRBCs) recruiting leukocytes and platelets to potentiate vessel occlusion. ADP released by sRBCs is a potent activator of platelets, and sickle cell patients are known to have activated platelets in circulation both at steady state and during VOPC. However, the mechanism underlying platelet dysfunction in SCD is not fully understood. Platelet activation mediated by the protease activated receptors (PAR1 and PAR4 in humans, PAR3 and PAR4 in mice), triggers PLC-β activation resulting in calcium mobilization. The increased calcium flux leads to activation of GPIIbIIIa/aIIbb3, GP1b, and P-selectin involved in platelet aggregation, adhesion, and rolling. Prior evidence has established a role of the calcium-activated cysteine protease, calpain-1 in platelet activation. Washed platelets from calpain-1 knockout C57BL/6 mice demonstrated impaired platelet aggregation. However, due to the critical contribution of sRBCs to platelet dysfunction in SCD, whole blood (impedance) aggregometry represents a physiological assessment of platelet aggregation. Methods: Townes SCD mice (SS) were backcrossed with calpain-1 knockout (CKO) mice to generate SCD mice lacking calpain-1 (SSCKO). Humanized mice (AA) were used as controls. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated in vivo platelet activation following stimulation with ADP and Thrombin GPRP. Platelet counts were obtained via ADVIA 120 and flow cytometry. For platelet aggregation, 500 μL of blood was harvested from the vena cava of AA, SS, SSCKO, and CKO mice. Whole blood aggregation in response to PAR4 stimulation was assessed using the Roche Multiplate Analyzer. A separate group of mice were challenged with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment (3 hours of 10.5% O2, followed by 4 hours of 21% O2) prior to platelet aggregation testing. SCD mice are characterized by tissue infarcts suggestive of thrombus formation. To examine whether H/R treatment induces formation of fibrin thrombi, we harvested brain, lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, and spleen following blood collection, and performed histology. Results: Compared to AA, SS and SSCKO mice are thrombocytopenic. Similar to Berkeley, Townes mouse platelets are activated in vivo, demonstrated by activated GPIIbIIIa on circulating platelets. At steady state, PAR4 agonist-induced platelet aggregation is similar in AA and SS mice (64 U v. 53 U, n = 6-10/group, p = 0.3). As depicted in Fig 1., SSCKO mice show significantly reduced platelet aggregation compared to SS mice (13 U v 53 U, p<0.001, n = 6-10 per group). As expected, H/R treatment induces platelet hyperactivity in SS, but not AA mice (71 U v. 59 U, p = 0.04, n = 6/group). Interestingly, the H/R-induced platelet hyperactivity partially relieves the calpain-1-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation in SSCKO mice at steady state (Fig 2) (53 U v. 13 U, p<0.001, n = 6-8/group). Furthermore, CKO mice do not show defective platelet aggregation at both steady state, and following H/R treatment, indicating an important role for sRBCs and adhesion in whole blood aggregation. Despite attenuated platelet aggregation, SSCKO platelets at steady state show comparable expression of activated GPIIbIIIa relative to their AA and SS counterparts, indicating that the impaired aggregation at steady state is not due to defective integrin translocation. Since the Roche Multiplate Analyzer takes platelet adhesion into account in determining aggregation, we hypothesize that defective SSCKO whole blood aggregation at steady state is due to reduced cell adhesion. Finally, while silent infarcts were detected in all tissues, fibrin thrombi were not detected, a finding consistent with studies in the Berkeley model reporting minimal thrombi formation in tissues. In summary, we report that calpain-1 is required for platelet aggregation in steady state SCD but not following H/R treatment. This is the first study of H/R-induced platelet dysfunction in the Townes model, and raises the possibility of targeting calpain-1 as a treatment for platelet hyperactivity in SCD. Figure 1. Impaired steady state whole blood platelet aggregation in SSCKO mice (panel 3). Figure 1. Impaired steady state whole blood platelet aggregation in SSCKO mice (panel 3). Figure 2. H/R relieves calpain-1-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation in SS-CKO mice (panel 3). Figure 2. H/R relieves calpain-1-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation in SS-CKO mice (panel 3). Disclosures Jakubowski: Eli Lilly and Company: Employment, Equity Ownership. Frelinger:GL Synthesis: Research Funding; Celerion: Research Funding; Megakaryon: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Sysmex: Research Funding; Eisai: Research Funding; Baxalta: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; GE Global Research: Research Funding; NIH: Research Funding.

Dietary intake tools are used in epidemiological and interventional studies to estimate nutritional intake. The past-month Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II (CDHQII) has not yet been validated. This study aimed to assess the validity of the CDHQII in adults by comparing dietary results from the CDHQII to the same participants’ 24-h recalls consisting of two weekdays and one weekend day. The recalls were collected using the validated multiple-pass method. Participants were asked to complete both tools at baseline, and again at 3-month follow-up. The study further aimed to determine which dietary intake tool was preferred by study participants by comparing completion rates. Data collection occurred at baseline (pre-intervention) and 3-month follow-up (post-intervention). Paired sample t-tests were conducted to compare means for the following nutrients (grams and %kcal): calories, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fat, unsaturated fat and sodium. Intraclass correlation coefficients of agreement and coefficients of variation were further calculated. Chi-square tests were used to determine the dietary assessment method with the greatest participant completion rate. At baseline (n = 104), there were no significant differences between the results of the CDHQII and three 24-h recalls (averaged), with overall moderate correlation coefficients. At 3-months (n = 53), there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between dietary intake collection methods for all nutrients assessed in this study, except for saturated fat (%kcal), unsaturated fat (%kcal), protein (%kcal) and sodium (mg). Correlation coefficients were moderate. A significantly greater proportion of participants completed the three 24-h recalls compared to the CDHQII after 3 months (completion rates of 67.2% vs. 50.8% of the sample, respectively). The CDHQII provided estimates of mean nutritional intake (calories, macronutrients and sodium) that were comparable to mean intake established from three 24-h recalls, at baseline and was validated in a sample of primarily middle-aged, college-educated, Caucasian female adults with overweight and obesity for mean baseline or cross-sectional measurement only but not for assessing individual/patient dietary intake in clinical practice (r = 0.30–0.68). This tool was not validated at 3-month follow-up. Additionally, participants preferred the three 24-h recalls to the online, past-month CDHQII.

SUMMARYIn ruminants, the urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) reflects the absorption of microbial purines and can be used as an index of microbial protein supply. The objective of this study, carried out in Aberdeen, 1992, was to examine whether PD concentrations in spot urine or plasma samples vary diurnally during a given feeding regime and if they reflect differences in daily PD excretion induced by varying feed intake. Sixteen sheep were offered ad libitum one of four diets (fresh weight basis, the rest of each diet being minerals and vitamins): (1) 99·9% lucerne (pelleted); (2) 50% hay, 30% barley, 9% fishmeal and 10% molasses; (3) 72% straw, 7% molasses and 20% molassed sugarbeet pulp; and (4) 97% barley. Measurements were made for 1 week after a 2-week adaptation period. Urine was collected daily on days 1–4 and hourly on days 5–7. Hourly urine collection was achieved using a fraction collector. Plasma samples were collected hourly from 09·00 to 17·00 h on day 4. Feed intake varied considerably (347–1718 g DM/day) between diets and between animals. Daily excretion of PD (7·1–22·6 mmol/day) was linearly related to DM intake (r = 0·85, n = 16), and so was the microbial N supply (3·9–19·5 g N/day) estimated from daily PD excretion (r = 0·87). In hourly urine samples, the ratio of PD:creatinine concentrations showed no significant difference between sampling times, and was linearlycorrelated with the daily PD excretion (r = 0·92). Similarly, plasma PD concentration also showed little diurnal fluctuation. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased with feed intake. Plasma PD was not well correlated with daily PD excretion in urine (r = 0·57). The tubular load of PD (plasma PD × GFR) was better correlated with the daily excretion (r = 0·80). It appears that when sheep are fed ad libitum, PD in spot urine may provide a practical indicator of microbial protein supply status.

Granulated polyamide (PA) was tested for use as an external marker to estimate faecal DM (FDM) excretion of Zebu cattle (Bos indicus). The study was conducted in Mali, using seven and eighteen animals respectively in four field trials and six indoor experiments. Cattle ate fresh or dry pasture vegetation and half the animals were additionally supplemented with crop byproducts. Gelatine capsules containing 35, 40 or 45 g PA were administered orally at 12 h intervals. Estimates of FDM were based on the average marker concentration in faeces and were correlated with the actual excretion measured by total faecal collection. The pre-measurement period required to establish equilibrium for regular marker dosing was determined at 4 d. Except for diets with a N content of less than 9·26 g/kg organic matter, marker recovery averaged 98·1 (se 0·93) % (n 62), and was not influenced by diet composition and the quantity of feed ingested (P > 0·05). Estimates of FDM based on average PA concentrations in faecal samples were correlated to the actual excretion with r 0·98 (n 62; P ≤ 0·001). Since the PA concentration in individual faecal grab-samples is not correlated with either sample mass or sampling time, accurate estimates of FDM require a grab-sampling schedule that covers the 24 h day. However, estimates of FDM were found to be acceptable if calculations are based on the average PA concentration in the sub-total of samples collected during the day or during night respectively (r 0·95, n 29; P ≤ 0·001 in both cases). It is concluded that the use of PA marker is a simple and inexpensive method resulting in reliable estimates of FDM. Since sophisticated analytical procedures are not required to recover PA in faecal samples, the marker is particularly suitable for application in extensive grazing systems and in studies conducted in less-developed countries.

There is evidence that deleterious effects of heat shock (HS) on fertility are less pronounced in breeds tolerant to high temperatures, due mainly to differences in their thermoregulatory capacity. In vitro experiments have shown that Bos indicus embryos are more resistant to HS than Bos taurus. In order to better understand the differences related to HS resistance between Bos indicus and Bos taurus, the main objective of this study was to determine if tolerance to HS is caused by genetic contribution from the oocyte, spermatozoa, or both. Additionally, the influence of the time between collection of ovaries in the abattoir and oocyte aspiration in the laboratory on early embryo development was ascertained. In experiment 1, oocytes from Nellore and crossbreed Holstein cows (cHOL) were collected in a local abattoir, matured and fertilized using semen (n = 6 for each breed) from Nellore (NEL), Angus (ANG), Brahman (BRA,) and Gir (GIR) bulls. In experiment 2, oocytes from Nellore and Holstein (HOL) cows were collected in an abattoir and the oocytes were aspirated in the laboratory 4 (group 4 h) or 6.5 h (group 6.5 h) later, matured and fertilized using semen (n = 6 for each breed) from NEL, GIR, and HOL. In both experiments, 96 h post-insemination (hpi), embryos with > 16 cells were separated in 2 groups: control and HS. In the control group the embryos were cultured at 39°C, whereas in the HS group the embryos were submitted to 41°C for 12 h, and then returned to 39°C. In experiments 1 and 2 the results were analyzed by ANOVA (Proc MIXED, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). In experiment 1, there was no effect of HS on blastocyst and hatched blastocyst rates in all breeds studied. The percentage of oocytes that cleaved and reached the morula stage was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in cHOL × GIR compared with the other breeds. Additionally, blastocyst rate was higher in cHOL × NEL than in cHOL × ANG and cHOL × GIR (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, cleavage, morula, and blastocyst rates in group 4 h were higher (P < 0.05) compared with group 6.5 h. The HS decreased blastocyst rates in all breeds (NEL × NEL, HOL × HOL, and HOL × GIR), and in both time intervals (4 and 6.5 h). The breed NEL × NEL had higher cleavage rate (P < 0.05) for both time intervals compared with HOL × HOL and HOL × GIR. In addition, Nellore oocytes fertilized with Nellore semen (NEL × NEL) originated higher blastocyst rates (P < 0.05) in control and HS group than the other breeds. We conclude that (a) embryos from Holstein are more susceptible to HS than embryos from crossbred Holstein; (b) the oocyte is more important than the spermatozoa for the development of thermotolerance, because the breed of the bull did not influence embryo development after HS; (c) in vitro early embryonic development was impaired by increasing (from 4 to 6.5 h) the time interval between ovary collection and oocyte aspiration. Fellowships to T. Nabhan from CAPES and to R. A. Satrapa, R. A. L. Simoes, and E. M. Razza from FAPESP. Funding from FAPESP (Sao Paulo, Brazil).

Abstract We describe a laser-immunonephelometric method for quantifying urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in large numbers of samples. For a 150-microL sample incubated at room temperature for 45 min with 40 microL of antiserum specific for human serum albumin, the assay range for albumin was 0.34 to 43.0 mg/L. For samples analyzed undiluted and diluted 10-fold, the range of measurable albumin was from 0.34 to 430.0 mg/L. With an automated version of this method, one can assay 240 samples per hour. Intra- and interassay CVs were less than 6% and 9%, respectively. Measurements by this method (y) correlated well with those obtained by a RIA method (x): y = 1.00x + 0.163 mg/L (n = 233; r = 0.996). The day-to-day CV for UAE was determined for three consecutive determinations done on each of 60 controls according to the time of collection and in 212 diabetics according to the amount of 24-h UAE. For controls, UAE was 8.0 +/- 8.1 mg/24 h (mean +/- SD), CV 44 +/- 23%. The CV was similar for diurnal (50 +/- 28%) and overnight (58 +/- 32%) collections from controls; and for diabetics with normal values for UAE: 35 +/- 32%, with slight albuminuria (25-300 mg/24 h):37 +/- 28%, or with macroalbuminuria (greater than 300 mg/24 h): 47 +/- 42%.

This study aimed to explore lipoprotein metabolism in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). We studied 15 men with severe OSA [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥30 events/hour] and 12 age-, BMI-, and waist circumference-matched volunteers without OSA (AHI <5 events/hour). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was determined by a blind examiner. After 12 h fasting, a triglyceride-rich chylomicron-like emulsion, labeled with [14C]cholesteryl oleate and [3H]triolein, was injected intravenously followed by blood sample collection at preestablished times. Fractional clearance rate (FCR) of the radiolabeled lipids was estimated by compartmental analysis of radioisotope decay curves. Compared with controls, patients with OSA showed a significant delay in both cholesteryl ester FCR (0.0126 ± 0.0187 vs. 0.0015 ± 0.0025 min−1; P = 0.0313) and triglycerides FCR (0.0334 ± 0.0390 vs. 0.0051 ± 0.0074 min−1; P = 0.0001). CIMT was higher in the OSA group: 620 ± 17 vs. 725 ± 29 µm; P = 0.004. Cholesteryl ester FCRs were inversely related to total sleep time <90% (r = −0.463; P = 0.029) and CIMT (r = −0.601; P = 0.022). The triglyceride FCR was inversely correlated with AHI (r = −0.537; P = 0.04). In a subgroup of patients treated with CPAP for 3 months (n = 7), triglyceride FCR increased 5-fold (P = 0.025), but the cholesteryl ester FCR was unchanged. In conclusion, severe OSA decreased lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and delayed removal of remnants. CPAP treatment may be effective to restore the lipolysis rates.

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate whether prenatal transportation stress (PNS) affects the weight of endocrine and immune tissues of calves. Mature Brahman cows inseminated to a single Brahman sire in 2018 were assigned to be either Control (n = 35; not transported) or PNS (n = 37; 2 h of transportation at 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 ± 5 d of gestation). Of the calves born in 2019, 16 Control (8 bulls and 8 heifers) and 16 PNS (8 bulls and 8 heifers) calves were studied. Pen score, body weight, and blood samples were obtained from calves at 25 ± 2 d of age. At that time, calves were euthanized by barbiturate overdose in order to collect tissues (brain, pituitary and adrenal glands, spleen and thymus). Tissues were trimmed and weighed. Serum cortisol was determined by RIA. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, GLM, and CORR procedures of SAS with body weight at sample collection as a covariate. Whole pituitary weight tended (P = 0.08) to be greater in females compared to males, whereas anterior pituitary weight tended (P = 0.06) to be greater in PNS. Whole brain weight was greater (P < 0.01) in males. The interaction of treatment and sex on whole brain weight of PNS tended (P = 0.09) to fall between that of the Control females and Control males. Whole pituitary weight was positively correlated with total adrenal weight (r = 0.32; P = 0.08). Total thymus weight positively correlated with whole brain and total adrenal weight (r = 0.43 and 0.41, respectively; P < 0.05). Serum cortisol was negatively correlated with spleen weight and total immune tissue weight (r = -0.37 and -0.38, respectively; P < 0.05). Results suggest next steps should include a closer look at function of immune tissues by studying PNS effect on thymus response to immunization.

Abstract Background The in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and many comparator agents were tested against various resistant subsets of organisms selected among 36,380 Enterobacteriaceae and 7,868 P. aeruginosa isolates. Methods Isolates were consecutively collected from 94 US hospitals in 2013–2016 and tested for susceptibility by reference broth microdilution methods in a central monitoring laboratory (JMI Laboratories) as part of the International Network for Optimal Resistance Monitoring (INFORM) program. Enterobacteriaceae strains with elevated CAZ-AVI MIC values (≥16 μg/mL) were evaluated for the presence of genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases, KPC, NDM, and transferable AmpC enzymes. Results CAZ-AVI inhibited >99.9% of all Enterobacteriaceae at the susceptible (S) breakpoint of ≤8 μg/mL and was active against multidrug-resistant (MDR; n = 2,953; MIC50/90, 0.25/1 μg/mL; 99.2%S, extensively drug-resistant (XDR; n = 448; MIC50/90, 0.5/2 μg/mL; 97.8%S), and carbapenem-resistant isolates (CRE; n = 513; MIC50/90, 0.5/2 μg/mL; 97.5%S). Only 82.2% of MDR Enterobacteriaceae and 64.2% of ceftriaxone-nonsusceptible (NS) Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1,063) were meropenem-S. Among Enterobacter cloacae (n = 3,740; 22.2% ceftazidime-NS), 99.8% of isolates, including 99.3% of ceftazidime-NS isolates, were CAZ-AVI-S. Only 22 of 36,380 Enterobacteriaceae (0.06%) isolates were CAZ-AVI-NS, including 8 MBL-producers (0.02%) and 2 KPC-producing strains with porin alteration; the remaining 12 strains showed negative results for all β-lactamases tested. CAZ-AVI showed potent activity against P. aeruginosa (n = 7,868; MIC50/90, 2/4 μg/mL; 97.1% S), including meropenem-NS (n = 1,471; MIC50/90, 4/16 μg/mL; 87.2%S) and MDR (n = 1,562; MIC50/90, 4/16 μg/mL; 86.5%S) isolates, and inhibited 71.8% of isolates NS to meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ceftazidime (n = 628). Conclusion CAZ-AVI demonstrated potent activity against a large US collection (n = 44,248) of contemporary gram-negative bacilli, including organisms resistant to most currently available agents, such as CRE and meropenem-NS P. aeruginosa. Disclosures H. S. Sader, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant; M. Castanheira, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant; D. Shortridge, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. E. Mendes, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. K. Flamm, Allergan: Research Contractor, Research grant

Heterobranch specimens of the genus Roxania collected during the Russian expedition (1894) aboard the Turkish steamship Selânik to the Sea of Marmara are found in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Saint Petersburg). One of the aims of the expedition was investigation of the fauna of the Sea of Marmara including its deepest zone to compare with the Black Sea. In 1896 A.A. Ostroumoff published a report on the expedition. Heterobranch mollusks of the genus Roxania are represented in our material by two lots from the first voyage of the expedition to the archipelago of the Prince Islands. The specimens were identified by K.O. Milaschewitsch as Roxania utriculus (Brocchi, 1814) and “Cryptaxis imperforatus n. sp.”, but a description of the last taxon has not been published. In this study, the specimens labeled by Milachewitch as Cryptaxis imperforatus n. sp. were identified as belonging to Roxania monterosatoi Dautzenberg et H. Fischer, 1896. The species is recorded for the Sea of Marmara for the first time; the description and illustrations of the species are presented. Most species of gastropod mollusks collected during the expedition including all samples of Roxania were represented by empty shells. Taxonomical value of the columella morphology in Roxania species is discussed. Based on this character the species of the genus can be divided into two groups: R. utriculus species group (mouth channeled) and R. monterosatoi species group (mouth without a channel). Morphological and molecular phylogenetic investigations are needed to clarify the status of these two groups.

Abstract Background CABP is the number one reason for death by infectious diseases worldwide and emerging resistance complicates its treatment. Lefamulin is the first semi-synthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic for IV and oral use in humans. It is currently in Phase 3 trials for the treatment of CABP in adults. Lefamulin effectively and selectively inhibits bacterial translation by binding to the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) via four H-bonds and other interactions at the A- and P-site resulting in an “induced fit.” This study investigated the activity of lefamulin and comparators against a contemporary set of bacterial pathogens associated with community-acquired respiratory infections collected worldwide. Methods Unique patients’ isolates (n = 2817) were collected globally in US (19.7%), Europe (36.9%), Latin America (5.7%) and Asia-Pacific region (37.6%) (30 countries, 116 sites) from adult and pediatric patients with respiratory tract infection (88.0%), bloodstream infections (5.5%) and other infections (2.4%). Lefamulin and comparators were tested by CLSI broth microdilution and susceptibility was determined using the CLSI (2017) breakpoints. Results LEF was the most potent compound tested, with 99.7% of all S. pneumoniae isolates being inhibited at a concentration of ≤0.25 mg/L (MIC50/90 values of 0.06/0.12 mg/L) and its activity was not affected by resistance to other antibiotic classes. S. pneumoniae isolates were largely susceptible to levofloxacin (99.1%) and ceftriaxone (96.5%), while 34.5%, 23.3% and 16.8% of isolates were resistant to macrolides, tetracycline and clindamycin, respectively. Lefamulin also showed potent activity against H. influenzae (MIC50/90 of 0.5/1 mg/L), including 22.0% of ß-lactamase producing strains, and M. catarrhalis (0.06/0.12 mg/L). Conclusion Lefamulin demonstrated potent in vitro activity against this global collection of contemporary respiratory pathogens and its activity was unchanged regardless of resistance phenotype to the other antibiotic classes including macrolides, ß-lactams, tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones. These data support the continued clinical development of lefamulin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, including CABP. Disclosures S. Paukner, Nabriva Therapeutics: Employee and Shareholder, Salary; H. S. Sader, Nabriva Therapeutics: Research Contractor, Research grant; J. M. Streit, Nabriva Therapeutics: Research Contractor, Research grant; R. K. Flamm, Nabriva Therapeutics: Research Contractor, Research grant; S. P. Gelone, Nabriva Therapeutics: Employee and Shareholder, Salary

В диффузионно-релаксационном режиме кристаллизации 50% двухкомпонентных металлических расплавов в модели переходной двухфазной зоны оценены термодинамические параметры, при которых возможно образование полностью разупорядоченной двухкомпонентной кристаллической фазы с простой кубической элементарной решеткой стехиометрического состава. Исследована область вблизи точки разупорядочения кристаллической фазы и установлен закон стремления параметра дальнего порядка к нулю при достижении критической температуры (переохлаждения) системы двухкомпонентный расплав-кристалл. Установлены кинетические особенности роста кристаллической фазы в точке разупорядочения. Установлен закон восстановления упорядоченной двухкомпонентной кристаллической фазы во времени. Оценены возможные значения времен релаксации при переходе из разупорядоченной двухкомпонентной кристаллической фазы с простой кубической элементарной ячейкой к полностью упорядоченной. Установлены кинетические особенности образования полностью упорядоченного двухкомпонентного кристалла.
 
 
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Abstract Background LEF, a novel pleuromutilin antibiotic for IV and oral use, recently completed a phase 3 trial for the treatment of CABP in adults where it demonstrated noninferiority to moxifloxacin ± linezolid. LEF selectively inhibits bacterial translation. This study investigated the activity of LEF and comparators against contemporary bacterial respiratory pathogens collected from APAC and LA. Methods Unique isolates were collected from patients with pneumonia/respiratory (n = 551), blood stream (n = 169), skin and soft tissue (n = 244), and other (n = 55) infections in seven countries in APAC (n = 587) and four countries in LA (n = 432). LEF and comparators were tested by CLSI broth microdilution methods, and susceptibility was determined using CLSI (2018) breakpoints. Results In both APAC and LA, LEF showed potent in vitro activity against this collection of respiratory pathogens, with 100% of Streptococcus pneumoniae inhibited at ≤0.25 μg/mL. S. pneumoniae isolates were largely susceptible to moxifloxacin (98.2% APAC, 100.0% LA), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (84.3% APAC, 89.4% LA), and ceftriaxone (85.2% APAC, 93.6% LA), but less susceptible to azithromycin (56.6% APAC, 68.1% LA) and penicillin (48.2% APAC, 67.0% LA). LEF was also active against Staphylococcus aureus with 99.6% of all isolates from both APAC and LA being inhibited at 0.25 µg/mL. 29.5% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in APAC and 24.7% in LA showed particularly high resistance rates to erythromycin (59.3% APAC, 64.2% LA), moxifloxacin (49.4% APAC, 53.7% LA), and clindamycin (39.5% APAC, 59.7% LA). 98.2% and 97.9% of Haemophilus influenzae (in APAC and LA, respectively) were inhibited at LEF ≤2 μg/mL, and 100.0% of Moraxella catarrhalis were inhibited at LEF ≤0.12 μg/mL in both APAC and LA. Both organisms were largely susceptible to the comparators, except for ampicillin (49.1% and 74.5% susceptible among H. influenzae in APAC and LA, respectively) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (54.4% and 68.1% susceptible among H. influenzae) (figure). Conclusion In APAC and LA, LEF was highly active against pathogens collected from CABP patients in 2016, and its activity was not affected by resistance to other antibiotic classes. These data support the ongoing development of LEF for the treatment of CABP. Disclosures S. Paukner, Nabriva: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. R. K. Flamm, Nabriva Therapeutics: Research Contractor, Research support. S. P. Gelone, Nabriva Therapeutics: Employee, Equity, Shareholder and Salary. Achaogen: Shareholder, Equity, Shareholder. H. S. Sader, Nabriva Therapeutics: Research Contractor, Research support.

Abstract Background: Oxidative stress is pivotal in atherogenesis. Although the most widely used indirect assay to quantify oxidative stress is LDL oxidative susceptibility, direct assays such as urinary F2-isoprostanes have shown great promise. Methods: We evaluated the utility of both a direct measure of oxidative stress (urinary F2-isoprostanes) and an indirect measure of copper-catalyzed, LDL oxidation in a model of increased oxidative stress (diabetes). We also evaluated an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method for urinary F2-isoprostanes with a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Results: Excellent intraassay and interassay CVs of <4% were obtained with our EIA method. A good correlation was obtained between the two methods (r = 0.80; n = 68) of F2-isoprostane measurement. An excellent correlation for F2-isoprostane concentrations was obtained between a timed collection vs 24-h urine (r = 0.96; n = 46). Baseline F2-isoprostane concentrations by EIA were significantly higher in both type 2 diabetics with and without macrovascular complications compared with controls (P <0.001). Supplementation with α-tocopherol led to a significant reduction in F2-isoprostane concentrations in all diabetic patients compared with baseline values (2.51 ± 1.76 compared with 1.69 ± 1.32 ng/mg creatinine; P <0.001). There were no significant differences in LDL oxidation in both diabetic groups compared with controls. α-Tocopherol supplementation led to significant increases in the lag phase of oxidation as measured by 3 indices in all groups. Conclusions: The measurement of urinary F2-isoprostanes provides a direct measure of in vivo lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress and appears to be superior to an indirect measure, e.g., LDL oxidative susceptibility, in type 2 diabetes.

Covid-19 has changed the learning process from class attendance to distance learning using the Internet. Early childhood education is threatened to enter into the lost generation, due to distance learning, which causes confusion for teachers and parents to be able to provide the best stimulation for them. Therefore, the Indonesian government made a new policy on online learning. The objectives of this research are to find how effective at online learning policy formulation, how productive it is in policy implementation, and what are the obstacles of the implementation at Early-Childhood Education (ECE). This qualitative research uses a mixed method approach with an iterative analysis design, conducted in Central Java Province in 35 districts / cities with 1,899 respondents. Data collection techniques with open-closed questionnaires, study from 15 documentation, and in-depth interviews. Data analysis uses quantitative-qualitative software Nvivo12+, with Miles and Huberman models. The results showed the policy formulation of online learning at ECE has been effective. However, the implementation of online learning policy at ECE still takes a lot of effort to become more powerful in preventing a decline in learning. There are five obstacles in in applying this in the field, namely the ability of teachers, the ability of parents, economic capability, facility constraints, and pedagogical constraints.
 Keywords: Online Learning Policy; Children Engagement; Learning Management System
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Child Distance Learning (CDL) during the pandemic has led to an optimal development of children and effective teaching and learning processes in kindergartens. To overcome this, teachers need to apply a teaching approach in accordance with the principles of kindergarten education. In addition, teachers' self-efficacy of their ability to teach is also important for developing children's skills. This study aims to describe the teaching approach and the efficacy of kindergarten teachers during the CDL process and to identify the relationship between the two. The research method used is quantitative through document analysis as a source of data findings. A total of 116 Public Kindergarten (PK) teachers in DKI Jakarta participated in filling out the Classroom Management Scale and Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale online. All data were processed using descriptive statistics and correlation. Furthermore, there is a document analysis carried out on the Daily / Weekly Learning Program Design in PK Jakarta. The findings identified that the teaching approach of kindergarten teachers during CDL included only two principles of kindergarten education, namely thematic teaching and developing life skills. Furthermore, PK teachers in the Jakarta area showed low self-efficacy during CDL. The teaching approach and self-efficacy were caused by teachers' unpreparedness in facing challenges during CDL. In addition, other findings indicate that there is a relationship between teaching approaches and teacher self-efficacy. Another CDL model Interventions to increase teacher self-efficacy and the extent to which the relationship between the two variables can be studied further in future studies.
 Keywords: Early Childhood, Distance Learning, Teaching Approach, Teacher Self-Efficacy
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STEAM-based learning is a global issue in early-childhood education practice. STEAM content becomes an integrative thematic approach as the main pillar of learning in kindergarten. This study aims to develop a conceptual and practical approach in the implementation of children's education by applying a modification from STEAM Learning to R-SLAMET. The research used a qualitative case study method with data collection through focus group discussions (FGD), involving early-childhood educator's research participants (n = 35), interviews, observation, document analysis such as videos, photos and portfolios. The study found several ideal categories through the use of narrative data analysis techniques. The findings show that educators gain an understanding of the change in learning orientation from competency indicators to play-based learning. Developing thematic play activities into continuum playing scenarios. STEAM learning content modification (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Math) to R-SLAMETS content (Religion, Science, Literacy, Art, Math, Engineering, Technology and Social study) in daily class activity. Children activities with R-SLAMETS content can be developed based on an integrative learning flow that empowers loose part media with local materials learning resources.
 Keyword: STEAM to R-SLAMETS, Early Childhood Education, Integrative Thematic Learning
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In the plastics industry, bisphenol S (BPS) replaces sisphenol A reported to be an oestrogen mimetic endocrine disruptor damaging oocyte meiosis and maturation (Machtinger 2014 Reprod. Biomed. Online 29, 404). Studies on fish and rodents reported that BPS affects reproduction similarly to BPA (Uzumcu 2007 Reprod. Toxicol. 23, 337; Giulivo 2016 Environ. Res. 151, 251; Ullah 2016 Chemosphere 152, 353). Bisphenol S is detected in human urine at nanomolar concentrations (Liao 2012 Environ. Sci. Technol 46, 6860) and in some laboratory supplies (tips and tubes; unpublished data). Therefore, in this study, we assessed effects of BPS at low doses during invitro maturation (IVM) on oocyte developmental competence in ewes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) collected from ovine follicles >2mm underwent 24-h IVM, in the absence or presence of BPS at 1, 10, and 100 nM and 1 and 10 µM (Sigma Chemical Co.). Nuclear oocyte maturation rate was evaluated by MII oocyte count after chromatin Hoechst staining [n=3 replicates (R), 1159 oocytes]. At 6h of IVM, BPS effects on mRNA expression of oestrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) receptors in cumulus cells (CC) were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. After 24h of IVM, The effect of BPS on P4 level was assessed in spent medium by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n=6 R, 40 COC/condition). Transcript expression level and P4 concentration were analysed using nonparametric one-way ANOVA, with Tukey post hoc test (Rcmdr, R version 3.5.3). After 24h of IVM, matured COC underwent IVF and invitro culture (IVC) for 7 days. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were assessed on Days 2 and 7, respectively, after IVF (8 experiments, 300 COC/condition). Data were analysed using logistic regression and linear model (R version 3.5.3). Our results showed a decreased oocyte maturation rate with 10 µM BPS (76.6%, n=171; P=0.0008) compared with control (88%, n=152), with no effect on cell viability. The concentration of P4 decreased with 1 µM BPS (0.02ngmL−1 per COC) compared with control (0.034ngmL−1 per COC; P<0.001). At 6h IVM, BPS had no significant effect on oestrogen receptors (ESR1, ESR2, GPER) transcripts in CC but 10 nM BPS decreased mRNA expression of P4 receptor (PR) (0.00647±0.00145; P=0,005) compared with control (0.01165±0.00196). Within fertilized COC, 1 µM BPS decreased cleavage rate (47.6%, n=152) compared with control (54.6%; P=0.004). Among cleaved embryos, blastocyst rate decreased to 14.2% and 12.5% with 10 nM and 1 µM BPS respectively (n=26, P=0.046; and n=19, P=0.017), compared with control (21.8%, n=44). Bisphenol S at a low dose during ovine IVM reduced COC P4 secretion, PR transcript in CC, and cleavage and blastocyst rates. Our data suggest that BPS at an environmental dose (10 nM) negatively affects early developmental oocyte competence. Studies are ongoing to investigate the effect of BPS on Day 6 embryo cell number and on the ERK1/2 signalling pathway in oocyte. This study was supported by INRA, Region Val-de-Loire (BEMOL) and the French National Research Agency (ANR-18-CE34-0011-01 MAMBO). We thank A. Arnould and T. Delpuech for ovine ovary collection and Endocrinology and Phenotyping laboratory for P4 assay.

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) are implicated in long-term memory storage. mGluR-I and mGluR-II antagonists impede various forms of learning and long-term potentiation (LTP) in animals. Despite the evidence linking mGluR to learning mechanisms, their role in mossy fiber-CA3 long-term potentiation (LTP) is not yet clear. To explain the involvement of mGluR-I in memory mechanisms, we examined the function of the mGluR-I antagonist 1-aminoindan-1, 5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA) on the induction of mossy fiber-CA3 LTP in vivo in male Sprague Dawley and Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Acute extracellular mossy fiber (MF) responses were evoked by stimulation of the MF bundle and recorded in the stratum lucidum of CA3. The excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) magnitude was measured by using the initial slope of the field EPSP slope measured 2–3 ms after response onset. After collection of baseline MF-CA3 responses at 0.05 Hz, animals received either ((±))-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid ( N-methyl-d-aspartate-R antagonist, 10 mg/kg ip), naloxone (opioid-R antagonist, 10 mg/kg ip), or AIDA (mGluR antagonist, 1 mg/kg ip or 37.5 nmol ic). LTP was induced by two 100-Hz trains at the intensity sufficient to evoke 50% of the maximal response. Responses were collected for an additional 1 h. AIDA blocked induction of LTP in the mossy fiber pathway ( P < 0.05) in both strains of rats after systemic and in Sprague Dawley rats after intrahippocampal injection.

Abstract Background: Monitoring therapy in hemophilia is a major challenge. Measurement of factor levels is time consuming and not available in time to make clinical decisions. With the introduction of extended half-life factor products, determination of treatment frequency becomes important. Global hemostatic assays such as Thrombelastography (TEG) and Thrombin Generation Assay (TGA) may improve monitoring. Focused toward individualizing therapy, these assays may help determine treatment frequency based not just on Factor VIII PK (pharmacokinetic), but also on total hemostatic potential. Objective: To determine the correlation between TGA and TEG parameters, and Factor activity and half-life (t1/2). Design/Methods: With IRB approval and participant consent baseline FVIII activity was obtained at enrollment, 15minutes, 1, 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours post factor replacement in patients who had not received replacement factor for a minimum of 72 hours and were not bleeding. FVIII:C, TEG, and TGA at each time point were measured. Non-compartmental PK analysis was performed on each individual patient profile to measure Factor VIII terminal half-life (t 1/2), mean normalized factor clearance rate and volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss). Pearson correlation statistical analyses on other variables were performed using JMP ¨ Pro version 12.0.1 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) Results: 27 patients with hemophilia have enrolled, with a median age of 14 years (range: 2-24 years). 9 patients were eliminated from analysis because of a diagnosis of inhibitors (n=1), factor activity >1% (n=4), inadequate sample collection (n=2), patient on episodic factor replacement (n=1), and inaccurate TGA time point (n=1). The mean Factor level prior to factor administration, after elimination of the subjects (n=18) was 0.4%. As expected, our results indicate a rise in ETP and Factor activity following factor replacement, peaking at 15 minutes post infusion. The mean normalized factor clearance rate was 3.3 ± 1.2ml/h/kg. The Vdss was 2.3 ± 1 L and Factor VIII t½ was 11.5 ± 3 hours. There were strong correlations between ETP and FVIII:C (R2=0.65; p<0.0001), Peak and FVIII:C (R2=0.6; p<0.0001), R Time and Factor VIII:C (R2=0.71; p<0.0001), Peak and R Time (R2=0.59; p<0.0001), ETP and R Time (R2=0.51; p<0.0001) as shown in table 1. Table 1. Correlation data on Factor VIII:C with TGA & TEG Parameters; and TGA parameters with TEG R time R2 P-value TGA Parameters (Peak & ETP) ETP and Factor VIII:C 0.65 p<0.0001 Peak and Factor VIII:C 0.60 p<0.0001 TEG Parameter (R Time) R Time and Factor VIII:C 0.71 p<0.0001 TEG and TGA Parameters Peak and R Time 0.59 p<0.0001 ETP and R Time 0.51 p<0.0001 Conclusions: Global hemostatic assays are less expensive than traditional PK testing and are available at the time of care decisions. Results of global coagulation assays (TEG and TGA) correlated closely with FVIII activities. Global assays may predict breakthrough bleeding independent of factor levels, representing an improvement in monitoring over traditional PK. With the emergence of the bioengineered extended half-life factor products, there is a renewed interest in pharmacokinetic analysis and individualization of therapy. Assays like TEG provide the opportunity to receive feed back in real time that corresponds to FVIII activity, and enable us to make treatment decisions rapidly for each individual patient. Since these assays measure more than just the factor activity, the parameters such as ETP on TGA may be more prognostic of bleeding tendency, as has been shown previously. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics analysis of this data is ongoing. Our small sample size precludes us from making global predictions. Larger multi center trials would assist in confirming these findings. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract Abstract 316 Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell migration out of the bone marrow is essential for effective and successful stem cell transplantation. Sympathetic nervous system signaling has been shown to regulate hematopoietic stem cell egress from bone marrow. Ablation of adrenergic neurotransmission in animal models indicates that norepinephrine signaling controls granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) -induced osteoblast suppression, CXCL-12 (or stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1)) down regulation and hematopoietic progenitor cell mobilization (Katayama Y, et al. Cell 2006). In addition, β adrenergic agonists and antagonists enhance and reduce stem cell mobilization, respectively. High dose therapy and stem cell rescue following G-CSF mobilization is a standard approach to the treatment of patients with light chain (AL) amyloidosis. In patients with AL amyloidosis, we prospectively studied the relationship between catecholamine levels and the efficiency of stem cell collection. Methods: In AL amyloidosis patients enrolled on a phase II clinical trial using G-CSF mobilization and high dose melphalan conditioning, 24 h urine samples were collected and analyzed for epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine excretion before G-CSF administration and after stem cell collection was completed. Statistical analysis included the Spearman Rank Coefficient (r), Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and Signed rank test. Results: In 39 patients with AL Amyloidosis collected on study, median CD34+ cells collected per kg was 8.3 × 106 (IQR 5,12.3) in a median of 2 (IQR 2,3) collections. The median number of CD34+ cells infused on day 0 was 4.7 × 106 (IQR 3.8, 6) per kg and time to neutrophil engraftment (ANC > 500 × 2 days) was 9 (IQR 9, 11) days. Baseline urinary excretion of epinephrine and dopamine correlated with total number of CD34+ cells per kg collected (r = 0.33, P = 0.005; and r = 0.47, P = 0.05, respectively). An optimal collection outcome defined as > 5 × 106CD34+ cells in 2 collections was achieved by 25/39 patients and was associated with higher baseline epinephrine (median 7 versus 4mcg/24h, P = 0.02) and dopamine (median 220 versus 156mcg/24h, P = 0.05) but not norepinephrine levels. When comparing baseline and post collection catecholamine levels, only dopamine values changed significantly from before to after stem cell collection (P = <0.0001). Patients with renal involvement as the only site of disease (N= 16) collected greater total CD34+ stem cells per kg (median 11.4 versus 6, P = 0.002) than patients with other sites or more than one site of disease (N=23). There was no correlation between the number of stem cells infused and the time to engraftment. Conclusion: Consistent with the notion that the sympathetic nervous system regulates the egress of progenitor cells from their niche, we found that baseline epinephrine and dopamine excretion is associated with greater total and more efficiently collected CD34+ stem cells following G-CSF mobilization in patients with AL amyloidosis. In mouse models G-CSF-induced mobilization requires peripheral adrenergic signals and reduces norepinephrine in the bone (Katayama Y, et al. Cell 2006). Reduced dopamine excretion following G-CSF administration in this study may indicate that circulating catecholamines may provide a marker for the overall sympathetic tone that could predict mobilization efficiency in humans. Further, this study supports other results on the role of dopamine in progenitor migration (Spiegel A, et al. Nat Immunol. 2007) and suggests an important role of dopamine in G-CSF-induced mobilization in patients with AL amyloidosis. Together, these data suggest that modulation of the sympathetic nervous system to enhance hematopoietic stem cell mobilization should be explored and that approaches such as the one we describe may guide G-CSF mobilization with respect to the need for Plerixafor. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.