Journal articles: 'H. nana'

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Gabriele, F., D. Wakelin, and C. Palmas. "Specific cross-immunity between Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta: immunization with heterologous and homologous light infections." Journal of Helminthology 62, no. 2 (June 1988): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00011342.

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ABSTRACTThe consequences of previous and concurrent infection with two related species of cestodes, Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta, were studied in CD1 mice. A H. diminuta infection strongly affected the establishment and the survival of a secondary H. nana egg or cyst infection administered 30 days later. An infection of 20 H. nana eggs strongly protected against a 5-cyst H. diminuta challenge, whereas an infection of 10 H. nana cysts was ineffective; 20 H. nana eggs also protected against a challenge with 5 cysts of H. diminuta administered 5 days later. No effects were observed in either parasite during a concurrent infection established by administration of cysts. An H. nana egg-infection was unable to affect the establishment of a secondary H. nana cyst-infection given 1 month later; however a significant decrease in growth was found. Similar results were found when a primary H. nana egg-infection was followed 5 days later by the homologous cyst-infection. But an infection with 5 H. nana cysts was unable to protect against a homologous challenge of 5 cysts or 20 eggs. The reciprocal cross immunity between the heterologous parasites and the failure of protection of homologous challenges are discussed in relation to light infections.

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Sataeva, T. P., S. A. Kutya, S. N. Smirnova, and V. V. Kazakova. "A historical review of the study on biology of the dwarf tapeworm Hymenolepis nana." Russian Journal of Parasitology 12, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2018-12-1-18-26.

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The purpose of the research: to submit a review of national and foreign literature on biological research of Hymenolepis nana. Materials and methods. Papers on morphology and biology of H. nana (starting from the first discovery of H. nana in 1851 by German parasitologist T. Bilharz until the present moment) written by 26 native and 11 foreign authors served as research material. When analyzing the literature, special attention was paid to the results of the morphological study and development cycle of H. nana taking into account the developmental stages of cestodes. Results and discussion. Specific data on morphology of H. nana and pictures of scolex and proglottids of the dwarf tapeworm using scanning electronic microscopy were provided. Structure of H. nana eggs was described in detail. Most papers are dedicated to the study of biological features of development. Sometimes, H. nana is reproduced by budding (passing through the following development cycle: megalospheres, metamers, invagination, scolexogenesis, larval cysts). Eggs were found in animals’ feces 17-18 days after infestation. H. nana lives in human body for several years, and sometimes 20-38 years. Issues related to the species identity of H. nana and H. fraternal, and mechanisms of transmission and prevalence of infection are discussed. Prevalence of hymenolepiasis in different countries depends not on climate conditions but on the degree of population density. Contamination of hands is an important factor influencing the frequency of hymenolepiasis autoinvasion in patients. The role of rodents as a source of H. nana infection is not essential.

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Menin, Marcelo, Denise de C. Rossa-Feres, and Ariovaldo A. Giaretta. "Resource use and coexistence of two syntopic hylid frogs (Anura, Hylidae)." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22, no. 1 (March 2005): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752005000100008.

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The objectives of this study were to measure and compare niche breadth and overlap of males of Hyla nana Boulenger, 1889 and Hyla sanborni Schmidt, 1944 in three neighboring ponds. The measured niche dimensions were seasonal occurrence, call site, and diet. The reproductive season of H. sanborni was longer in permanent ponds, whereas H. nana had a longer reproductive season in the temporary pond. Call site characteristics were similar for both species, however H. sanborni called from higher perches than H. nana. Diptera (Nematocera) were the most consumed item by both species in the three ponds but, in general, H. nana ingested larger prey than H. sanborni. For both species, the consumption of prey types was correlated with the availability in the environment. The multidimensional overlap between H. nana and H. sanborni was higher in the permanent ponds than the temporary pond, in which H. sanborni was rare. These species differed in abundance among ponds, consumed prey of different sizes, and probably fed in different time periods. Moreover, the data obtained suggest that structural differences in the ponds may modify the dynamics of resource partitioning between the two species. Beside the great overlap found in the major niche dimensions analyzed the detected differences may be great enough to allow their coexistence.

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Novak, M., W. R. Taylor, and E. Pip. "Interspecific variation of isoenzyme patterns in four Hymenolepis species (Cestoda)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 2052–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-292.

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Starch gel protein electrophoresis of mass homogenates of Hymenolepis microstoma, H. diminuta, H. citelli, and H. nana revealed a large degree of isoenzymic variation in the 11 enzyme systems tested in these species. Whereas the majority of the 68 bands found in total were species specific, 23 were shared between at least two species, and 1 band was common to all four species. Cluster analysis suggested that H. microstoma is the most dissimilar of the four species and may have diverged the earliest from the common ancestral line, whereas H. citelli and H. nana were the two most similar species and may have diverged more recently. Hymenolepis diminuta was intermediate in position, but demonstrated closer affinities with H. citelli and H. nana than with H. microstoma.

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Resnhaleksmana, Ersandhi, Wayan Tunas Artama, Mahardika Agus Wijayanti, and Fihiruddin Fihiruddin. "Molecular genotypes analysis of Cryptosporidium and Hymenolepis in rats on Lombok Island, Indonesia." July-December 6, no. 2 (2020): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/ijoh.2020.123-127.

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Background and Aim: Cryptosporidium parvum and Hymenolepis nana are intestinal parasites that are commonly found in the unclean environment. Their presence in rats promotes the transmission of the cryptosporidiosis and hymenolepiasis to humans or animals nearby. This study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of C. parvum and H. nana and their distribution in rats on Lombok Island. Materials and Methods: C. parvum and H. nana were investigated in 50 rats from Lombok Island. The molecular-parasitological technique used was polymerase chain reaction and sequencing method. Results: From 50 samples of rats' stool from 10 locations on Lombok Island, 8% (4/50) of C. parvum was detected molecularly with an 18S rRNA gene and 2% (1/50) of H. nana with COX 1 gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that C. parvum carrying rats on Lombok Island have a genetic relationship with C. parvum with Obi7 isolates, Japan and H. nana has a genetic relationship with Rodentolepis nana identified with Hn-VT isolates, India. Conclusion: The highest incidence of parasites was found in rats that were caught in the urban areas of Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Immediately, public health programs in these types of contaminated areas should receive priority attention to prevent further transmission of the parasites from animals to human beings.

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OKAMOTO, M., T. AGATSUMA, T. KUROSAWA, and A. ITO. "Phylogenetic relationships of three hymenolepidid species inferred from nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences." Parasitology 115, no. 6 (December 1997): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182097001741.

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Three hymenolepidid tapeworms, Hymenolepis diminuta, H. nana and H. microstoma, are commonly maintained in laboratory rodents and used in many experimental model systems of tapeworm infections. We examined partial sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences to infer phylogenetic relationships of the 3 hymenolepidid species. Parts of the CO1 gene and ITS2 were amplified by PCR and sequenced directly. The CO1 gene sequence obtained was the same in length (391 bp) among all specimens. In the case of ITS2, however, several insertions and deletions were detected (671–741 bp) not only among species but also between an American isolate and a Japanese isolate of H. diminuta. Percentage nucleotide differences between H. diminuta and H. microstoma, or H. diminuta and H. nana were 16·6–18·2% for the CO1 gene and 21·3–22·9% for ITS2. The differences in both sequences between H. microstoma and H. nana were about 14%. Phylogenetic trees inferred from both of the nucleotide sequences showed similar topology, and suggest that H. diminuta may have diverged from the common ancestral line the earliest, and that H. nana is closer to H. microstoma than to H. diminuta.

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Singh, Rahul Pratap, Babul Chandra Roy, Asish Kumer Debnath, Sultana Fizun Nahar, and Md Hasanuzzaman Talukder. "Hymenolepiasis in Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) With Its Zoonotic Potential in Mymensingh District of Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v7i2.48865.

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Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta are globally widespread zoonotic cestodes and rats act as main reservoir host of these cestodes. Wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are the most common rats usually live in human’s dwellings, especially in areas of low socioeconomic status and low levels of hygiene practices. Since there is scarcity of information of the hymenolepiasis in rats in Bangladesh, therefore the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of H. nana and H. diminuta in wild and laboratory rats. A total of 60 rats were collected from the residential areas of rural villages of Mymensingh sadar and the Bangladesh Agricultural University campus and 10 were from the laboratory of the Department of Parasitology, BAU, Mymensingh. The rats were killed by cardiac puncture and tapeworms were collected and subsequently were subjected for morphological study under the stereomicroscope. Two species of cestodes, namely H. nana and H. diminuta were detected showing the overall prevalence of 23.3 % and 35 % respectively. The high prevalence of H. nana (30%) was determined in rats captured from the rural village areas whereas H. diminuta was found more prevalent (60%) in the laboratory rats. The result of the current study suggests that H. nana infection in rural village areas may act as a risk factor for the zoonotic transmission of hymenolepiasis to human in Bangladesh. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 255-259, August 2020

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Ito, Akira, Kazuo Onitake, Junko Sasaki, and Tsuyoshi Takami. "Hymenolepis nana: Immunity against oncosphere challenge in mice previously given viable or non-viable oncospheres of H. nana, H. diminuta, H. microstoma and Taenia taeniaeformis." International Journal for Parasitology 21, no. 2 (April 1991): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(91)90015-y.

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9

Al-Mekhlafi, H. M. "The neglected cestode infection: Epidemiology of Hymenolepis nana infection among children in rural Yemen." Helminthologia 57, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0038.

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SummaryHymenolepis nana is the most common cestode reported in humans worldwide. It is prevalent among children in the tropics and subtropics, particularly in rural poor communities where sanitation is inadequate or lacking. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence and significant risk factors of H. nana infection among children in rural Yemen. Faecal samples were collected from 498 children and screened for intestinal parasites by using wet mount, formalin-ether concentration and Kato–Katz techniques. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect demographic, socioeconomic, housing condition, and personal hygiene information. Overall, 77.5 % (386/498) of the children were found to be infected by at least one intestinal parasite species. The overall prevalence of H. nana was 17.5 % (87/498). Multivariate analysis confirmed that an age of < 6 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.28; 95 % (confidence interval [CI] = 2.04, 8.98), presence of other family members infected with H. nana (AOR = 2.48; 95 % CI = 1.45, 4.24), living in the highlands (AOR = 2.87; 95 % CI = 1.56, 5.26), living in a house without improved toilet facilities (AOR = 2.19; 95 % CI = 1.23, 3.88), not washing vegetables before consumption (AOR = 2.11; 95 % CI = 1.06, 4.19), and not washing hands after defecation (AOR = 1.88; 95 % CI = 1.08, 3.27) were the key factors significantly associated with H. nana infection among the studied children. In conclusion, H. nana is prevalent among children in rural Yemen, particularly among preschool-aged children. Thus, an integrated and effective programme to control intestinal parasitic infections should include preschool-aged children. Such a programme should focus on providing health education on hygienic practices, providing adequate sanitation and improved sources of drinking water, and screening and treating other infected family members.

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10

Maki, Jun, and Toshio Yanagisawa. "Infectivity of Hymenolepis nana eggs from faecal pellets in the rectum of mice." Journal of Helminthology 61, no. 4 (December 1987): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00010270.

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ABSTRACTThe infectivity of Hymenolepis nana eggs from faecal pellets in the rectum of mice was compared with that of the eggs in gravid proglottids of adult H. nana and with that of the eggs in excreted faecal pellets to find out a simple method for collecting H. nana eggs of high infectivity to mice. Eggs from faecal pellets in the rectum showed higher infectivity than those from gravid proglottids and as high infectivity as those from gravid proglottids selected by a watch-glass rotation technique. Eggs in faecal pellets in the rectum did not lose infectivity until 4 h after they were excreted and exposed to the air at room temperature (27–28°C) with relative humidity of 35–40%. However, the eggs lost infectivity significantly 17 h after excretion onwards.

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Coello-Peralta, Roberto Darwin, Galo Ernesto Martinez-Cepeda, Douglas Pinela-Castro, Enrique Omar Reyes-Echeverria, Enrique Xavier Rodriguez-Burnham, Maria De Lourdes Salazar Mazamba, Betty Pazmiño-Gómez, Antonella Ramírez-Tigrero, Manuel Bernstein, and Pedro Cedeño-Reyes. "Presencia de Hymenolepis nana y diminuta en roedores de la ciudadela las Piñas, Milagro-Ecuador y su riesgo en salud pública." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 11, no. 4 (December 18, 2020): 961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v11i4.5182.

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La Hymenolepidiosis es una zoonosis de prevalencia mundial, sobre todo en niños, es causada por cestodos de roedores denominados Hymenolepis (H) nana e Hymenolepis diminuta, es muy frecuente en países en vías de desarrollo, con climas cálidos, templados y secos. El ciclo biológico de la H. nana no requiere de hospederos intermediarios, y su transmisión habitual es fecal-oral (por ingesta de huevos infectivos); y la infección de H. diminuta se da a través de la ingestión de artrópodos tenebriónidos con la forma larvaria cisticercoides. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de H. nana e H. diminuta en la ciudadela Las Piñas, de la ciudad de Milagro (Ecuador) y dar a conocer a través de charlas informativas el riesgo en salud pública; para esta investigación se capturaron roedores con ayuda de trampas Tomahawk y Sherman en complementariedad con cebos no tóxicos (carne, mortadela, pescado, pan). Mediante un estudio aplicado, con enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo-prospectivo-transversal, realizado entre el 1 de febrero al 30 de julio del 2018, se analizaron las muestras fecales por métodos directos y de flotación-centrifugación con solución salina sobresaturada. De 87 roedores capturados y procesados, 20 casos (22.99 %) se determinó para Hymenolepis nana y 10 casos (11.49 %) para H. diminuta. Constituyéndose en el primer reporte de Hymenolepis nana y diminuta en roedores en el país. Se concluye que es evidente la presencia de estos parásitos en el sitio de estudio, lo que podría convertirse en un serio problema de salud pública, por el riesgo de transmitirse a los habitantes del sector.

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Andreassen, J., A. Ito, M. Ito, M. Nakao, and K. Nakaya. "Hymenolepis microstoma: direct life cycle in immunodeficient mice." Journal of Helminthology 78, no. 1 (March 2004): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2003207.

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AbstractThe mouse bile duct tapeworm Hymenolepis microstoma requires beetles as the obligatory intermediate host. However, when congenitally athymic NMRI-nu mice were infected with the mature tapeworm and allowed to eat their own faeces with tapeworm eggs, the oncospheres penetrated the intestinal tissue and developed to cysticercoids. After excysting, growth to adult worms occurs in the lumen of the small intestine and bile duct. Furthermore, the same happened when NMRI-nu mice, non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/Shi-scid) mice and NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2 Rγnull (NOG) mice were orally inoculated with shell-free eggs of this parasite. Differences between the cysticercoids of H. microstoma and H. nana developed in the mouse intestinal tissues were: (i) the time course for the development of fully matured cysticercoids of H. microstoma in mice was about 11 days but only 4 days for H. nana; and (ii) cysticercoids of H. microstoma developed in mice had a tail while those of H. nana had none.

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Ito, Akira, and Tsuneo Kamiyama. "Cortisone-sensitive, innate resistance to Hymenolepis nana infection in congenitally athymic nude rats." Journal of Helminthology 61, no. 2 (June 1987): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x0000986x.

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ABSTRACTThe innate resistance of the unnatural rat host to the mouse tapeworm Hymenolepis nana is cortisone sensitive but thymus independent. When congenitally athymic nude rats were orally given eggs, cysticercoids, or adult worms of H. nana, no lumenal adults were established except when they were treated with cortisone acetate during the expected lumenal development. The effect of cortisone to promote adult maturation in the rats was compared in nude and normal rats given eggs of H. nana. The fecundity of the worm (assessed by the fresh worm biomass and the number of infective eggs produced) was much higher in cortisone-treated nude rats than in cotrisone-trated norml rats. When the nude rats recostituted with thymocytes were given eggs and treated with cortisone, the fecundity of H. nana dropped to the same level as in cortisone-treated normal rats. It is strongly suggested that the unnatural rat host has thymus-independent cortisone sensitive resistance to an intial infection (which is the main component of the innate resistance and blocks the lumenal establishment of this parasite) and thymus-dependent resistance (which suppresses the established worm' fecudity and may be ascribed to acquired resistance to the ongoing infection).

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Dovč, Alenka, Gordana Gregurić Gračner, Iztok Tomažič, Ksenija Vlahović, Marina Pavlak, Renata Lindtner Knific, Klemen Kralj, Mateja Stvarnik, and Aleksandra Vergles Rataj. "Control of Hymenolepis nana infection as a measure to improve mouse colony welfare." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 65, no. 2 (June 2017): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2017.021.

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After cannibalism had appeared in the reproductive units of a white mouse colony, treatment against confirmed Hymenolepis nana, a tapeworm with zoonotic potential, was performed on 67 mice in the reproductive and nursery units. Faecal droppings were evaluated by flotation and sedimentation methods. The sedimentation method revealed a higher number of positive results before, during and after the treatment, but the flotation method yielded some additional positive cases. In the reproductive unit, H. nana eggs were confirmed in 50% of the tested mice by the flotation and in 70% by the sedimentation method. In the nursery units, H. nana eggs were detected in 10.5% of the tested mice by the flotation and in 24.6% by the sedimentation method. A colony of mice was treated against the tapeworm H. nana with praziquantel and emodepside in doses of 2.574 mg praziquantel/100 g body mass and of 0.642 mg emodepside/100 g body mass. The content of the original pipettes (Profender®) was applied as a spot-on on the back of the neck in the area between the shoulders. The application was repeated three times at 14-day intervals. Seven days after the third therapy no H. nana was found in any of the tested mice in the reproductive or the nursery units. After the treatment, cannibalism was no longer observed. This treatment represented one of the steps aimed at improving animal welfare and preventing potential zoonotic disease. The public health significance of this cestode should receive more attention, especially among people who take care of mice, have them as pets, or feed them to reptiles.

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Medeiros, L. R. "Chromosomal Differentiation of Hyla nana and Hyla sanborni (Anura, Hylidae) With a Description of NOR Polymorphism in H. nana." Journal of Heredity 94, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esg019.

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Maki, Jun, and Toshio Yanagisawa. "Anthelmintic effects of bithionol, paromomycin sulphate, flubendazole and mebendazole on mature and immature Hymenolepis nana in mice." Journal of Helminthology 59, no. 3 (September 1985): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00007963.

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ABSTRACTThe anthelmintic effects of anti-tapeworm drugs, bithionol, paromomycin sulphate, flubendazole and mebendazole on immature and mature Hymenolepis nana in mice were compared. Immature worms were not affected by paromomycin sulphate or flubendazole administered for 12 consecutive days (days one to 12 after infection) at lOOmg/kg/day but 48% and 100% of H. nana were eliminated from mice by bithionol and mebendazole respectively, at the same dosage regimen. Bithionol, paromomycin sulphate, flubendazole and mebendazole given at 100 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days (days 12 to 16 after infection) eliminated 32%, 29%, 36% and 100% of mature worms respectively. 10 and 20 mg of mebendazole/kg/day for five consecutive days (days 12 to 16 after infection) had little effect on mature worms whereas 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for the same period eliminated 99% and 100% of mature worms, respectively. ED50 of mebendazole in the elimination of mature H. nana was 14 or 15 mg/kg/day for five days from the reduction in dry weight or in number of worms recovered respectively. The effects of mebendazole given 2 to 4 days, 8 to 10 days or 13 to 15 days after infection at lOOmg/kg/day were compared. Very low, if any, activity of the drug given 2 to 4 days after infection was seen, whereas the drug given 8 to 10 days or 13 to 15 days after infection eliminated 84% and 86% of H. nana respectively.

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Gabriele, F., A. R. Ecca, D. Wakelin, and C. Palmas. "Blast cell activity in mice inflected with Hymenolepis nana, H. diminuta and Trichinella spiralis: in vivo uptake of 125IUdR in lymphoid tissues and gut." Journal of Helminthology 60, no. 4 (December 1986): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00008555.

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ABSTRACTThe kinetics of the lymphoblast response in mice during the course of a primary infection with Hymenolepis nana was measured by the in vivo uptake of 125IUdR. The response was most marked in tissues local to the site of infection, involving to nodes draining the small intestine but not other areas, e.g., inguinal lymph nodes. A close correlation between these responses and the course of inflection was observed. Uptake of 125IUdR was greatest in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) but the peak reached in this organ was later than that in Peyer's patches (PP), small intestine (SI) and spleen (S). The increase in lymphoblast activity of the MLN was similar with Trichinella spiralis; no significant blast cell response to inflection with H. diminuta was found till day 9 after injection, the results being similar to those obtained when H. nana inflections were established using cysticercoids rather than eggs. It has been shown that the increase in lymphoblast activity was closely correlated with the presence of cells which are most effective in adoptive transfer immunity. A dose-dependent effect was detected in blast cell activity of MLN in different inflection levels with T. spiralis and H. nana.

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Timon, Claire M., Arlene J. Astell, Faustina Hwang, Tim D. Adlam, Tom Smith, Lin Maclean, Daynor Spurr, Sarah E. Forster, and Elizabeth A. Williams. "The validation of a computer-based food record for older adults: the Novel Assessment of Nutrition and Ageing (NANA) method." British Journal of Nutrition 113, no. 4 (January 29, 2015): 654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514003808.

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Dietary assessment in older adults can be challenging. The Novel Assessment of Nutrition and Ageing (NANA) method is a touch-screen computer-based food record that enables older adults to record their dietary intakes. The objective of the present study was to assess the relative validity of the NANA method for dietary assessment in older adults. For this purpose, three studies were conducted in which a total of ninety-four older adults (aged 65–89 years) used the NANA method of dietary assessment. On a separate occasion, participants completed a 4 d estimated food diary. Blood and 24 h urine samples were also collected from seventy-six of the volunteers for the analysis of biomarkers of nutrient intake. The results from all the three studies were combined, and nutrient intake data collected using the NANA method were compared against the 4 d estimated food diary and biomarkers of nutrient intake. Bland–Altman analysis showed a reasonable agreement between the dietary assessment methods for energy and macronutrient intake; however, there were small, but significant, differences for energy and protein intake, reflecting the tendency for the NANA method to record marginally lower energy intakes. Significant positive correlations were observed between urinary urea and dietary protein intake using both the NANA and the 4 d estimated food diary methods, and between plasma ascorbic acid and dietary vitamin C intake using the NANA method. The results demonstrate the feasibility of computer-based dietary assessment in older adults, and suggest that the NANA method is comparable to the 4 d estimated food diary, and could be used as an alternative to the food diary for the short-term assessment of an individual's dietary intake.

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Martins, I. A., and J. Jim. "Bioacoustic analysis of advertisement call in Hyla nana and Hyla sanborni (Anura, Hylidae) in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 63, no. 3 (August 2003): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842003000300017.

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Vocal communication traits of Hyla nana and Hyla sanborni, of the nana species group, were studied from August 1997 until June 1999 in two large permanent ponds located in an open field in Botucatu, São Paulo State. One hundred thirty-one individuals, 71 of H. nana and 58 of H. sanborni, were recorded in the beginning of their vocalization activity and during chorus vocalization. The rhythms of sound emission on the two occasions were different. An advertisement call consists in a consecutive series of simple notes in rapid succession. Both species have two types of notes in their advertisement calls, here named types A and B. Type A notes are introductory and have a longer and higher pulse number and are emitted more frequently in the beginning of vocalization activity. Introductory notes are the first to be emitted in chorus activity. Type B notes are secondary, of shorter duration and lower pulse number, and are emitted during chorus vocalization. The notes of both types differ significantly in their temporal structure. Both species present acoustic segregation in both spectral and temporal structure.

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Willcocks, Briony, Gary N. McAuliffe, and Robert W. Baird. "Dwarf tapeworm (H ymenolepis nana ): Characteristics in the Northern Territory 2002-2013." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 51, no. 10 (May 4, 2015): 982–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.12885.

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Li, Rong, and Heng Li. "Lloydia nana, a new species of Liliaceae from China." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 19, no. 1 (June 20, 2012): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10939.

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Lloydia nana R. Li & H. Li, a new species of Liliaceae from eastern Xizang, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, it is closely similar to L. serotina var. parva (C. Marquand & Airy Shaw) H. Hara and L. yunnanensis Franchet, but differs from the former by having single basal leaf, taller stigma than anthers; from the latter by having dwarf habit 2.5-4.0 cm tall, indistinctly 3-lobed stigma, and style slightly longer than ovary.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v19i1.10939Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 19(1): 33-36, 2012 (June)

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Iliev, Petar T., Georgi Zh Georgiev, Zvezdelina T. Kirkova, and Borislava G. Chakarova. "A Survey of Helminth Infections in the Black Rat from Stara Zagora District, Bulgaria." Macedonian Veterinary Review 40, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/macvetrev-2017-0021.

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AbstractA field study was conducted to disclose the prevalence of different helminth parasites in the black rat, Rattus rattus, in some regions of Stara Zagora district, Bulgaria. Out of 67 examined rats, 53 (79.1%) were found to be positive. Helminths of three classes were detected such as Cestoda: Hymenolepis diminuta (47.8%), Hymenolepis nana (43.3%), Taenia taeniaeformis larvae (7.5%), Taenia polyacantha larvae (1.5%); Secernentea: Syphacia obvelata (4.5%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (3.0%) and Adenophorea: Capillaria hepatica (9.0%), Trichuris muris (3.0%). Of all the investigated rats, 27 (40.3%) were infected by one helminth species and 26 (38.8%) by more than one. Hymenolepis diminuta was a predominant species in cases of single infections (23.9%). The most frequent co-infections were observed by H. nana and H. diminuta (16.4%).

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Yolanda, Rofiza, Shozo Sawamoto, and Vachira Lheknim. "A new species in the genus Heteromysoides (Crustacea, Mysida, Mysidae) from Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand." Zoosystematics and Evolution 95, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.39214.

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A new mysid, Heteromysoides songkhlaensis, is reported from shallow water in the Songkhla Lagoon, southern Thailand. The new species is closely similar to H. nana in having a triangular rostrum and the eyestalk without a process at the anteromesial corner. However, the new species can be readily distinguished from H. nana by three setae on the inner margin and five setae on distal margin of the second segment of the mandibular palp; the carpopropodus of the fifth and sixth thoracic endopod of the new species is composed of four articles, and the telson of the new species is distally rounded, shorter than the sixth abdominal somite, and 1.3 times longer than its basal width; the spines on the telson form elongated spines from the distal to posterior margin. The new species also resembles H. dennisi, H. simplex, and H. stenoura; however, it differs by (1) the presence of a rounded distal margin of telson, and (2) absence of a sharp process on the distolateral corner of the eyestalk.

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Akira, Ito, Onitake Kazuo, and Jørn Andreassen. "Lumen phase specific cross immunity between Hymenolepis microstoma and H. nana in mice." International Journal for Parasitology 18, no. 8 (December 1988): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(88)90071-9.

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Ito, Akira, and Kazuo Onitake. "Hymenolepis diminuta and H. nana: Cross immunity against the lumen phase in mice." Experimental Parasitology 64, no. 1 (August 1987): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(87)90007-5.

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26

Digweed, Scott C., Chris J. K. MacQuarrie, David W. Langor, Daryl J. M. Williams, John R. Spence, Kathryn L. Nystrom, and Louis Morneau. "Current status of invasive alien birch-leafmining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Canada, with keys to species." Canadian Entomologist 141, no. 3 (June 2009): 201–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n09-003.

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AbstractIn the 20th century, five species of birch-leafmining sawflies were inadvertently introduced from Europe to North America: Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fallén), Fenusa pumila Leach, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), Fenusella nana (Klug), and Scolioneura vicina Konow. All have been recorded at outbreak levels in North America, and three (F. pumila, P. thomsoni, and H. nemoratus) have been the targets of successful biological control programs. The most recently detected species, F. nana and S. vicina, are good candidates for future biological control in Canada. We review the biology of all five of these birch-leafmining sawflies in North America and present keys to adults, larvae, and mines to aid correct identification.

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Magouz, Fawzy I., Mohamed A. Essa, Mustafa Matter, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, Ahmed Gaber, and Mohamed Ashour. "Effect of Different Salinity Levels on Population Dynamics and Growth of the Cyclopoid Copepod Oithona nana." Diversity 13, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13050190.

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Copepods are one of the most abundant and diverse live food sources for mesopelagic and bathypelagic fishes and crustaceans. They could contribute to the overlap of the transition period from live feed to an artificial weaning diet in marine larvae production. However, the culture conditions still need optimization to provide sufficient production to cover the increasing demand for marine hatcheries. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of different salinity levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 ppt) on the population growth, growth rate, and population composition (males, females, copepodite, and nauplii ratio) of the marine copepod, Oithona nana. The experiment continued for 15 days, under laboratory-controlled conditions of temperature (27 ± 1 °C), pH (7.7 ± 0.15), and continuous gentle aeration in 30 L glass aquaria. The copepod culture aquaria were supplemented with a mixture of soybean and yeast (0.5 g 10−6 individual−1 24-h−1) as a feed source. The highest significant population growth and population growth rate of O. nana were achieved with a salinity level of 20 ppt. Regarding population composition, O. nana cultured at the salinity level of 20 ppt recorded the highest significant percentages of copepodite and nauplii. The results concluded that copepod, O. nana, is capable of withstanding abrupt changes in the salinity, but there are limits to their tolerance, with an optimal salinity level of 20 ppt. This salinity level achieved the highest population growth and the highest percentages of copepodite and nauplii of marine Copepoda, O. nana.

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Tenora, František. "Taxonomic status of several sibling species – parasites in man and in other vertebrates." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, no. 5 (2007): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755050235.

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The taxonomic status of several related species pairs of sibling species character is discussed. They are the following pairs: 1)Ascaris lumbricoidesL., 1758;A. suum Goeze, 1782; 2)Rodentolepis nana(Siebold, 1852);R. fraterna(Stiles, 1906); 3)Hymenolepis flavopunctata(Weinland, 1858);H. diminuta(Rudolphi, 1819).

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Hutchinson, John, Chris Wickham, Bo Stråth, and Azar Gat. "Debate on Azar Gat's N ations: T he L ong H istory and D eep R oots of P olitical E thnicity and N ationalism." Nations and Nationalism 21, no. 3 (June 22, 2015): 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nana.12132.

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30

Kurt, Ümİt, and Doğan Gürpınar. "The Balkan Wars and the rise of the reactionary modernist utopia in young Turk thought and the journal T ürk Y urdu [T urkish H omeland ]." Nations and Nationalism 21, no. 2 (March 24, 2015): 348–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nana.12103.

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31

Thompson, Ian R. "Morphometric analysis and revision of eastern Australian hovea (Brongniartieae-Fabaceae)." Australian Systematic Botany 14, no. 1 (2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb00008.

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Eastern Australian forms of the Australian endemic genus Hovea R.Br. have proved taxonomically difficult. A morphometric analysis of eastern forms, excluding the morphologically distant Hovea longipes Benth., is presented. This analysis provides the basis for a taxonomic revision and keys, which are also presented here. Of the 31 species recognised, the following 17 species are described here as new: H. angustissima, H. asperifolia, H. clavata, H. cymbiformis, H. densivellosa, H. graniticola, H. impressinerva, H. lorata, H. magnibractea, H. nana, H. nitida, H. parvicalyx, H. pedunculata, H. similis, H. speciosa, H. tasmanica, and H. tholiformis. A new subspecies, H. asperifolia ssp. spinosissima, is also described. Hovea ramulosa A.Cunn. ex Lindl., H. apiculata A.Cunn. ex G.Don and H. heterophylla A.Cunn. ex Hook.f. are reinstated as species.

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Khosravi, A., A. Dalimi Asl, and A. Kaikhavandi. "O62 Prevalence of Hymenolepis nana and other intestinal parasites as mixed infection among children in Ilam, and impact of single-dose praziquantel against H. nana." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 29 (March 2007): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70051-1.

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33

Abdel-Latif, M., G. El-Shahawi, S. M. Aboelhadid, and H. Abdel-Tawab. "Modulation of murine intestinal immunity by Moringa oleifera extract in experimental hymenolepiasis nana." Journal of Helminthology 92, no. 2 (April 6, 2017): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x17000293.

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AbstractThe potential therapeutic value of Moringa oleifera extract (MOE), due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, has been reported previously. In this study, Hymenolepis nana antigen (HNA) in combination with MOE was used in immunization against H. nana infection. Adult worm and egg counts were taken, while histological changes in the intestine were observed. Mucosal mast (MMCs) and goblet cells (GCs) were stained with specific stains, while serum and intestinal IgA were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) were assayed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of mRNA expression in ileum tissue. The results demonstrated an improvement in the architecture of intestinal villi, decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) and TBARS, and increased GSH in HNA, MOE and MOE + HNA groups. In the same groups, an increase in GCs, mucin 2 (MUC2), interleukins (IL)-4, -5 and -9, and stem cell factor (SCF) versus a decrease in both interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) expression appeared. HNA and MOE + HNA increased serum and intestinal IgA, respectively. MOE decreased MMCs and achieved the highest reductions in both adult worms and eggs. In conclusion, MOE could achieve protection against H. nana infections through decreased TGF-β, IFN-γ and MMC counts versus increased GC counts, T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines and IgA level.

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34

Muñoz, Victor, Ximena Aguirre, Ricardo Soto, and Alicia Guerra. "Metodo para montaje permanente de huevos de helmintos enteroparasitos." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 32, no. 2 (April 1990): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651990000200007.

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Se comunican resultados obtenidos empleando Medio de Hoyer para el montaje de huevos de helmintos enteroparásitos, destinado a preparaciones para colecciones docentes y/o de investigación. La utilización de esta técnica en muestras fecales conteniendo huevos de A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, Uncinaria sp., Taenia sp., Diphyllobothrium sp., H. nana, H. diminuta y F. hepática, permitió la correcta observación de ellos en lecturas iniciadas a las 24 horas y mantenidas hasta 180 días después.

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35

Ito, A., and K. Onitake. "Changes in surface antigens of Hymenolepis nana during differentiation and maturation in mice." Journal of Helminthology 61, no. 2 (June 1987): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00009871.

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ABSTRACTThe surface antigens of oncosphere, cysticercoid, adult scolex and adult strobila (other than scolex) of Hymenolepis nana differ critically from one another. When the oncosphere of H. nana undergoes differentiation and development into the mature tapeworm, the infected mouse first produces anti-oncosphere antibody, followed by anti-cysticercoid, anti-adult scolex and finally anti-strobila (other than scolex region) antibodies of IgG, IgM and IgA isotypes as detected by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. The parasite changed its surface antigens throughout its differentiation and maturation, and all developmental stages were recognized by the infected mouse host. However, there appeared no further changes in surface antigens during aging after maturation. The antibody responses were always delayed compared with the differentiation and maturation of the parasite.

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36

Варламова, Анастасия Ивановна, Иван Алексеевич Архипов, Салават Самадович Халиков, Константин Михайлович Садов, and Татьяна Юрьевна Дегтяревская. "Повышение эффективности празиквантела на основе механической технологии и супрамолекулярной системы адресной доставки при цестодозах." Химико-фармацевтический журнал 54, no. 10 (October 28, 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/0023-1134-2020-54-10-60-64.

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Методом механохимической технологии получены различные образцы празиквантела (ПЗК) с поливинилпирролидоном (ПВП) и диоктилсульфосукцинатом натрия (ДССН), которые имели повышенную растворимость в воде и эффективность в отношении цестод Hymenolepis nana и Moniezia expansa. Антигельминтную активность полученных образцов супрамолекулярных комплексов празиквантела изучали на лабораторной модели гименолепидоза на белых мышах и овцах, спонтанно зараженных M. expansa, по результатам гельминтологического вскрытия тонкого кишечника и учета числа обнаруженных цестод. Получена высокая (> 97 %) эффективность супрамолекулярного комплекса ПЗК с ПВП и ДССН в соотношении 10:89:1 в дозе 3; 2 и 1 мг/кг массы тела по действующему веществу в отношении H. nana и M. expansa. Субстанция ПЗК и механическая смесь ПЗК с ПВП и ДССН в дозе 1 мг/кг по ПЗК показали слабую эффективность. Супрамолекулярный комплекс ПЗК оказался перспективным антигельминтиком с повышенной фармакологической активностью.

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37

Avenot, H. F., C. King, T. P. Edwards, A. Baudoin, and C. X. Hong. "Effects of Inoculum Dose, Temperature, Cultivar, and Interrupted Leaf Wetness Period on Infection of Boxwood by Calonectria pseudonaviculata." Plant Disease 101, no. 6 (June 2017): 866–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-16-0742-re.

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Boxwood blight is an emerging disease of great concern for the ornamental horticulture industry, historic garden managers, landscapers, and homeowners. Controlled-environment experiments were conducted to determine the effects of conidial concentration, temperature, interrupted leaf wetness period, cultivar, and leaf age on infection of boxwood leaves by Calonectria pseudonaviculata. Boxwood blight incidence (BBI) increased with increasing concentration up to 2.0 × 104 spores/ml. BBI also increased as temperature increased from 18 to 25°C, then declined gradually to zero at 29°C. Similar infection effects of inoculum concentration were observed in an experiment with four boxwood cultivars (‘Justin Brouwers’, ‘John Baldwin’, ‘Green Mound’, and ‘Nana’) of various degrees of susceptibility. The hypothesis that younger leaves are more susceptible than older leaves was supported for Justin Brouwers and Nana but not for Green Mound; and younger leaves of John Baldwin were less susceptible than older leaves. When inoculated plants (‘Suffruticosa’) were exposed to dry interruptions of 3 h or longer between 5 or 8 h of initial wetness and 12 h of additional wetness, these plants had significantly lower BBI compared with those exposed to continuous wetness for 20 h, and similar or at most slightly more infection than plants exposed to only the 5- or 8-h initial wetness. Continuous wetness durations beyond 20 h did not increase infection in these experiments. These results advanced our understanding of the environmental requirements of the infection process in boxwood blight development and they are essential for refining disease forecasting models.

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Morita, Hiroshi, Miwa Yoshinaga, and Jun'ichi Kobayashi. "Cephalezomines G, H, J, K, L, and M, new alkaloids from Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. nana." Tetrahedron 58, no. 27 (July 2002): 5489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00521-5.

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39

Lawler, James P., and Robert G. White. "Effect of browse on post-ingestive energy loss in an Arctic ruminant: implications for muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in relation to vegetation change." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 11 (November 2006): 1657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-145.

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Shrubs are predicted to dominate tundra with warmer temperatures at northern latitudes. We tested the null hypothesis that addition of browse to a graminoid diet would not alter post-ingestive energy loss in muskoxen ( Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780)). Energy losses over 8 h following feeding were used to test our hypothesis. Willows ( Salix alaxensis (Anderss.) Coville, Salix planifolia ssp. pulchra (Cham.) Argus) and birch ( Betula nana L.) (twigs in winter, leaves in summer) were separately mixed at graded levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) with chopped hay ( Bromus inermis Leyss.) and fed as single meals to muskoxen. Meals containing ≥60% browse were often partially or completely rejected. Meals containing 20%–60% woody or leafy S. alaxensis or S. p. pulchra resulted in higher energy expenditure than meals of 100% hay. Meals containing 20%–60% woody B. nana tended to decrease energy expenditure relative to 100% hay, while 20%–60% leafy B. nana was similar to 100% hay. We conclude there is an energy cost associated with consuming browse. This cost varies by browse species and type. Since muskoxen tolerated up to 40% browse in the diet, this cost may be within their ecological tolerance. This tolerance has important implications under global warming scenarios.

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40

Asano, Kazuhito, Jun Matsuishi, Ying Yu, Kou-ichirou Nemoto, Masami Nakazawa, Takako Kasahara, and Tadashi Hisamitsu. "Suppressive Activity of the Chloroform Extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f on Effector T Cell Activation during Hymenolepis nana Infection in Mice." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 26, no. 02 (January 1998): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x98000233.

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The chloroform extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f (TWH extract) administered into mice daily at doses of 80.0 to 200.0 μg/kg (but not 40.0 μg/kg) caused suppression of protective immunity to Hymenolepis nana when the extract was injected subcutaneously during the induction phase of protective immunity. Daily administration of 200.0 μg/kg TWH extract, during the course of larval development from challenge, also suppressed protective immunity. Inhibition of protective immunity was only observed in mice that received TWH extract for 6 days at a daily dose of 200.0 μ:g/kg and were challenged 24 h after the final injection. TWH extract did not inhibit formation of effector cells that mediate delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to H. nana egg antigen when the extract was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 200.0 μg/kg/day for 5 days before cell preparation. However, TWH extract did inhibit DTH effector cell activation when cells prepared from infected, PBS-injected mice were transferred into 200.0 μg/kg TWH extract-treated recipient mice. These results strongly indicate that TWH extract cannot inhibit the generation of effector cells but will suppress their function in vivo.

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Novak, Marie, Barbara Kornovski, and Kenneth R. Kunz. "Anthelmintic activity of mitomycins A, C, and F against hymenolepidid larvae in Tribolium confusum." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 1715–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-238.

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Mitomycin analogues were tested against metacestode stages of Hymenolepis microstoma and H. nana developing in Tribolium confusum. The effects of the mitomycins varied according to both the drug and the species of the parasite. In general, the most effective compound was mitomycin C, followed by mitomycin A and then by mitomycin F. The efficacy of drugs improved further when sodium bicarbonate was added to the diet.

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42

LeMessurier, Kim S., Abiodun David Ogunniyi, and James C. Paton. "Differential expression of key pneumococcal virulence genes in vivo." Microbiology 152, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28438-0.

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Few studies have examined in vivo virulence gene expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, expression of key pneumococcal virulence genes cbpA, pspA, ply, psaA, cps2A, piaA, nanA and spxB in the nasopharynx, lungs and bloodstream of mice was investigated, following intranasal challenge with the serotype 2 strain D39. Bacterial RNA was extracted, linearly amplified and assayed by real-time RT-PCR. At 72 h, cbpA mRNA was present at higher levels in the nasopharynx and lungs than in the blood. At this time-point, the mRNAs for PspA and PiaA were most abundant in the nasopharynx, whereas no significant difference in gene expression between niches was observed for ply, psaA and cps2A. Both nanA and spxB mRNAs were present in higher amounts in the nasopharynx than in the lungs or blood. These findings illustrate the dynamic nature of pneumococcal virulence gene expression in vivo.

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Yang, Di, Wei Zhao, Yichi Zhang, and Aiqin Liu. "Prevalence of Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta from Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Heilongjiang Province, China." Korean Journal of Parasitology 55, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.351.

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Grube, M., M. Matzer, and J. Hafellner. "A Preliminary Account of the Lichenicolous Arthonia Species with Reddish, K+ Reactive Pigments." Lichenologist 27, no. 1 (January 1995): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1995.9999.

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AbstractDescriptions and a key for identification of lichenicolous Arthonia species with red to purple pigments reacting with K are provided. The previously reported species, A. cryptotheciae and A. mazosiicola (as A. mazosiae), are here validly described, and A. haematostigma, A. tavaresii and A. destruens var. nana are new to science. The genus Helicobolomyces is introduced with the type species H. lichenicola, being based on the anamorph of A. cinnabarinula.

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Manco, Sonia, Fidelma Hernon, Hasan Yesilkaya, James C. Paton, Peter W. Andrew, and Aras Kadioglu. "Pneumococcal Neuraminidases A and B Both Have Essential Roles during Infection of the Respiratory Tract and Sepsis." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 7 (July 2006): 4014–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01237-05.

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ABSTRACT We examined the role of the neuraminidases NanA and NanB in colonization and infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract by Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as the role of these neuraminidases in the onset and development of septicemia following both intranasal and intravenous infection. We demonstrated for the first time using outbred MF1 mouse models of infection that both NanA and NanB were essential for the successful colonization and infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract, respectively, as well as pneumococcal survival in nonmucosal sites, such as the blood. Our studies have shown that in vivo a neuraminidase A mutant is cleared from the nasopharynx, trachea, and lungs within 12 h postinfection, while a neuraminidase B mutant persists but does not increase in either the nasopharynx, trachea, or lungs. We also demonstrated both neuraminidase mutants were unable to cause sepsis following intranasal infections. When administered intravenously, however, both mutants survived initially but were unable to persist in the blood beyond 48 h postinfection and were progressively cleared. The work presented here demonstrates the importance of pneumococcal neuraminidase A and for the first time neuraminidase B in the development of upper and lower respiratory tract infection and sepsis.

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Miraza, Erliana Malik, Abdul Gani, Mardiana Karim Dj., Iskandar Z. Lubis, and Chairuddin P. Lubis. "Intestinal Parasitic Infestation in Children at Three Kindergartens in Medan, North Sumatera." Paediatrica Indonesiana 32, no. 11-12 (January 30, 2019): 312–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi32.11-12.1992.312-7.

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A descriptive cross sectional study on intestinal parasitic infestation was earned out among children of three kindergartens (Methodist, Dharma Wanita and Aisyiah) in Medan. Of 162 samples of feces examined mixed infestations with Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was found in 14,25%, single infestations of Trichuris trichiuria in 14,2%, AScaris lumbricoides in 13,0%, H. nana in 1,2% and G. Iamblia in 0,6%. Hookworm infestation was not found among preschool children in all of those three kindergartens.

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Morita, Hiroshi, Miwa Yoshinaga, and Jun'ichi Kobayashi. "ChemInform Abstract: Cephalezomines G, H, J, K, L, and M, New Alkaloids from Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. nana." ChemInform 33, no. 43 (May 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200243238.

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Paulino, Rosangela C., Edilene A. Castro, and Vanete Thomaz-Soccol. "Tratamento anaeróbio de esgoto e sua eficiência na redução da viabilidade de ovos de helmintos." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 34, no. 5 (October 2001): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822001000500004.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo determinar a prevalência e a viabilidade de ovos e larvas de helmintos e cistos de protozoários presentes em biossólido e em esgoto submetido ao tratamento anaeróbio em estações de tratamento de esgoto onde são empregados reatores anaeróbios de lodo fluidizado (RALF), na região metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná. Os parasitos presentes no esgoto e no lodo foram helmintos: Ascaris sp (85%), Toxocara sp (5,5%), Trichuris sp (4,5%), Hymenolepis diminuta (3,7%), H. nana (1%) e Taenia sp (0,4%), Protozoários: Isospora sp, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Endolimax nana. Houve diferença significativa quanto ao número de ovos viáveis de helmintos presentes no material de quatro estações estudadas. A redução da viabilidade dos ovos de helmintos variou de 59,7 a 93%. No tratamento biológico baseado na digestão anaeróbia a eficácia depende do tempo e da temperatura. Novos tratamentos higienizantes são necessários para a utilização do lodo produzido por digestão anaeróbia na reciclagem em agricultura ou para outros objetivos visando reduzir o risco para saúde humana e animal.

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49

Tenora, František, Vlastimil Baruš, and Miroslav Prokeš. "Discussion to several tapeworm species from the families Hymenolepididae, Anoplocephalidae and Davaineidae parasitizing rodents and man." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 1 (2004): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452010023.

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Abstract:

With the more recent knowledge, the hypothesis by Joyeux and Baer (1929) is consulted: “... most of rarer species of tapeworms occurring in man are probably parasites of other mammals, specially of Rodentia .....“. In connection with that, the host specificity in several species from the families Hymenolepididae, Anoplocephalidae and Davaineidae is discussed. So far parasites of rodents are concerned, they are the speciesRodentolepis straminea,R. fraterna,Hymenolepis diminuta,H. pseudodiminuta,H. hiberniaandInermicapsifer arvicanthidis. So far parasites of man are concerned, they are the speciesRodentolepis nana,Hymenolepis flavopunctataandInermicapsifer madagascariensis. Attention is drawn also to discrepancies in the opinions published on the views of hosts’ specificity or of zoogeographical distribution of several species from the family Davaineidae.

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50

Al-Olayan, Ebtsam, Maha Elamin, Eman Alshehri, Abeer Aloufi, Zainab Alanazi, Mina Almayouf, Lamia Bakr, and Rewaida Abdel-Gaber. "Morphological, Molecular, and Pathological Appraisal of Hymenolepis nana (Hymenolepididae) Infecting Laboratory Mice (Mus musculus)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 26, no. 2 (March 5, 2020): 348–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927620000161.

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Abstract:

AbstractHymenolepis nana, typically a parasite found in conventionally established mouse colonies, has zoonotic potential characterized by autoinfection and direct life cycle. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of parasite infection in laboratory mice. The hymenolepidide cestode infected 40% of the 50 mice sampled. The rate of infection in males (52%) was higher than in females (28%). Morphological studies on the cestode parasite showed that worms had a globular scolex with four suckers, a retractable rostellum with 20–30 hooks, and a short unsegmented neck. In addition, the remaining strobila consisted of immature, mature, and gravid proglottids, irregularly alternating genital pores, lobulated ovaries, postovarian vitelline glands, and uteri with up to 200 eggs in their gravid proglottids. The parasite taxonomy was confirmed by using molecular characterization based on the sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCOX1) gene. The parasite recovered was up to 80% identical to other species in GenBank. High blast scores and low divergence were noted between the isolated parasite and previously described H. nana (gb| AP017666.1). The phylogenetic analysis using the COX1 sequence places this hymenolepidid species of the order Cyclophyllidea.

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Journal articles on the topic 'H. nana'

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