Academic literature on the topic 'H.P. PRINTERS'

Cell-hydrogel based therapies offer great promise for wound healing. The specific aim of this study was to assess the viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells immobilized in atomized alginate capsules (3.5% (w/v) alginate, d = 225 µm ± 24.5 µm) post-extrusion through a three-dimensional (3D) printed methacrylate-based custom hollow microneedle assembly (circular array of 13 conical frusta) fabricated using stereolithography. With a jetting reliability of 80%, the solvent-sterilized device with a root mean square roughness of 158 nm at the extrusion nozzle tip (d = 325 μm) was operated at a flowrate of 12 mL/min. There was no significant difference between the viability of the sheared and control samples for extrusion times of 2 h (p = 0.14, α = 0.05) and 24 h (p = 0.5, α = 0.05) post-atomization. Factoring the increase in extrusion yield from 21.2% to 56.4% attributed to hydrogel bioerosion quantifiable by a loss in resilience from 5470 (J/m3) to 3250 (J/m3), there was no significant difference in percentage relative payload (p = 0.2628, α = 0.05) when extrusion occurred 24 h (12.2 ± 4.9%) when compared to 2 h (9.9 ± 2.8%) post-atomization. Results from this paper highlight the feasibility of encapsulated cell extrusion, specifically protection from shear, through a hollow microneedle assembly reported for the first time in literature.

<p>Pelarutan selektif tembaga dari limbah <em>printed circuit board</em> (PCB) telah berhasil dilakukan. Logam tembaga yang terkandung di dalam papan PCB dapat dipisahkan menggunakan campuran hidrogen peroksida dan asam sulfat dengan variasi perbandingan volume 0 : 1, 1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1, 4 : 1, dan 5 : 1. Pemisahan optimal dilakukan dengan sistem perendaman selama 3 hari dengan campuran H₂O₂/H₂SO₄ = 3 : 1 (v/v). Jumlah tembaga yang terkandung di dalam papan PCB dianalisis menggunakan <em>X-ray fluorescense</em>. Tembaga yang terkandung di dalam PCB sebesar 57,7%. Pelarutan selektif dapat menurunkan kadar tembaga sehingga tembaga yang masih tersisa adalah sebesar 7,7 x 10^-4%. Penurunan kadar tembaga yang terkandung di dalam PCB mencapai 99,999%. Analisis spektrometri serapan atom dilakukan untuk mengetahui jumlah tembaga yang terlarut yaitu sebesar 25,415 mg/kg PCB.</p><p><strong>Leaching of Copper from Printed Circuit Board Waste with Hydrogen Peroxide</strong><strong>. </strong>Leaching of copper from printed circuit board (PCB) waste has been successfully performed. The copper metal contained in the PCB can be separated using a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid with a variation of volume ratio is 0 : 1, 1 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 1, 4 : 1, and 5 : 1. Optimal separation is carried out by the immersion system for 3 days using H₂O₂/H₂SO₄ = 3:1 (v/v). The amount of copper contained in the PCB was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence. The copper contained in the printed circuit board is 57.7%. The leaching process can decrease the copper content so that the remaining copper is 7.7 x 10^-4%. The decrease of copper content contained in PCB reaches 99.999%. Analysis of atomic absorption spectrometry was conducted to determine the amount of dissolved copper that is 25.415 mg/kg PCB.</p>

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether base height of 3D-printed dental models has an impact on local thickness values from polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) aligners. A total of 20 aligners were thermoformed on dental models from the upper jaw exhibiting either a 5 mm high (H) or narrow (N), i.e., 0 mm, base height. The aligners were digitized using micro-CT, segmented, and local thickness values were computed utilizing a 3D-distance transform. The mean thickness values and standard deviations were assessed for both groups, and local thickness values at pre-defined reference points were also recorded. The statistical analysis was performed using R. Aligners in group H were significantly thinner and more homogenous compared to group N (p < 0.001). Significant differences in thickness values were observed among tooth types between both groups. Whereas thickness values were comparable at cusp tips and occlusal/incisal/cervical measurement locations, facial and palatal surfaces were significantly thicker in group N compared to group H (p < 0.01). Within the limits of the study, the base height of 3D-printed models impacts on local thickness values of thermoformed aligners. The clinician should consider potential implication on exerted forces at the different tooth types, and at facial as well as palatal surfaces.

We describe the fabrication and characterization of organic photodiodes on solution cast ITO (tin doped indium oxide) bottom electrodes. ITO coatings were produced by gravure printing process on PET and PEN substrates. The sheet resistance could be decreased by heat treatment at 120°C under forming gas atmosphere ( N 2/ H 2) to 1.5 kΩ. The transmission of the ITO coated PET and PEN substrates is more than 80% in the visible range. The printed films were hardened under UV-irradiation at low temperatures (< 130°C) and used as the bottom electrode of an organic photodiode (OPD), consisting of a stacked layer of copper phthalocyanine ( p -type material), perylene tetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole ( n -type material) and Aluminium tris(8-hydroxyquinoline). The performance of the photodiodes with printed ITO on plastic substrates could be improved by adding a smoothing layer of PEDOT/PSS (Baytron® P) on the ITO coated films and was then similar to the performance of photodiodes with semi-transparent gold as anode. These results demonstrate the suitability of the printed ITO layers as bottom electrode for organic photodiodes. Furthermore the influence of different treatments (forming gas and oxygen plasma treatment) of the ITO bottom electrode on the current-voltage characteristics of the OPDs was studied.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an advanced in vitro blink model that can be used to examine the release of a wide variety of components (for example, topical ophthalmic drugs, comfort-inducing agents) from soft contact lenses. Methods: The model was designed using computer-aided design software and printed using a stereolithography 3D printer. The eyelid and eyeball were synthesized from polyvinyl alcohol and silicone material, respectively. Simulated tear fluid was infused through tubing attached to the eyelid using a syringe pump. With each blink cycle, the eyelid slides and flexes across the eyeball to create an artificial tear film layer. The flow-through fluid was collected using a specialized trough. Two contact lenses, etafilcon A and senofilcon A, were incubated in 2 mL of a water-soluble red dye for 24 h and then placed on the eye model (n = 3). The release of the dye was measured over 24 h using a tear flow rate of 5 µL/min. Results: Approximately 25% of the fluid that flowed over the eye model was lost due to evaporation, nonspecific absorption, and residual dead volume. Senofilcon A absorbed more dye (47.6 ± 2.7 µL) than etafilcon A (22.3 ± 2.0 µL). For etafilcon A, the release of the dye followed a burst-plateau profile in the vial but was sustained in the eye model. For senofilcon A, the release of the dye was sustained in both the vial and the eye model, though more dye was released in the vial (p < 0.05). Overall, the release of the dye from the contact lenses was higher in the vial compared with the eye model (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The blink model developed in this study could be used to measure the release of topical ophthalmic drugs or comfort agents from contact lenses. Simulation of a blink mechanism, an artificial tear film, and nonspecific absorption in an eye model may provide better results than a simple, static vial incubation model.

Traditional injection and extraction devices often appear painful and cumbersome for patients. In recent years, polymer microneedles (MNs) have become a novel tool in the field of clinical medicine and health. However, the cost of building MNs into any shapes still remains a challenge. In this paper, we proposed hydrogel microneedles fabricated by high-precision digital light processing (H-P DLP) 3D printing system. Benefits from the sharp protuberance and micro-porous of the hydrogel microneedle, the microneedle performed multifunctional tasks such as drug delivery and detection with minimally invasion. Critical parameters for the fabrication process were analyzed, and the mechanical properties of MNs were measured to find a balance between precision and stiffness. Results shows that the stiffness and precision were significantly influenced by exposure time of each layer, and optimized printing parameters provided a balance between precision and stiffness. Bio-compatible MNs based on our H-P DLP system was able to execute drug injection and drug detection in our experiments. This work provided a low-cost and fast method to build MNs with 3D building, qualified the mechanical performance, drug injection, drug detection ability of MNs, and may be helpful for the potential clinical application.

This article presents an assessment of the quality of edge adhesion of cages of artificial crowns from disilicate lithium: 1) obtained with the help of CAD/CAM system from material E. max CAD; 2) obtained with the help of Cad/CAM system from ashless polymeric material C-Cast; 3) was produced using a 3D printer from ashless UV photopolymer material; 4) made by the traditional method of pressing, without the use of digital technologies. The Image J computer program was used to study the quality of the edge gap of artificial crown frames. For statistical analysis of the obtained data, the nonparametric H-Kruskel-Wallis test and the W-Mann-Whitney test were used. We found that the average value of the edge gap between the stump of the experimental model and the frames of artificial crowns made in CAD/CAM ARCTICA from the E. max CAD material is 18.20±2.30 microns, from the polymer material C-Cast 22.50±1.37 microns. The average value of the edge gap between the stump of the tooth and the frames of artificial crowns made using the 3D printer Asiga Max UV is 22.35±1.59 microns. The average value of the edge gap between the tooth stump and the frames of artificial crowns made by traditional pressing method is 101.40±11.55 microns. The results of our study indicate that the frames of artificial crowns made of lithium disilicate made with the help of modern digital technologies have a smaller edge gap compared to the frames of artificial crowns made by the traditional pressing method with a significance level of p<0,05 (h-Kruskel-Wallis criterion=30,865 p=0,0000009).

RESUMENEl propósito de este artículo es analizar cómo las parias: tributos pagados por los musulmanes, en este caso de las taifas de Zaragoza, Lérida y Tortosa principalmente al conde de Barcelona, tienen un papel esencial a la hora de situar a este condado en un lugar preeminente en Cataluña durante el gobierno del conde Ramón Berenguer I (1035-1076). Después de una pequeña introducción veremos cómo mediante la inclusión de ciertas cláusulas en los juramentos de vasallaje el conde barcelonés se aseguraba el monopolio de los ingresos de parias y cómo formaba una red clientelarredistribuyendo el dinero que recibía. También utilizaba el dinero procedente de las parias para expandir su territorio: por un lado compraba condados de manera directa y por otro incentivaba el establecimiento de nobles en peligrosas zonas fronterizas.PALABRAS CLAVE: Parias, Barcelona, Siglo XI, Ramón Berenguer I, taifas.ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to analyse how the parias, which are tributes paid by the Muslims, in this example from the taifas of Zaragoza, Lérida and Tortosa, mainly to the Count of Barcelona, played an essential role in establishing this county’s prominence during the government of Count Ramón Berenguer I (1035-1076). After an introduction, we will see how by including certain terms and conditions in the vows of vassalage the Count ensured the monopoly of the income produced by theparias and how he redistributed the money among his vassals, thereby creating patronage networks. The Count also used the money from the parias to expand his territory: on the one hand he bought counties directly, and on the other and he used the money to help nobles establish themselves in dangerous frontier zones.KEY WORDS: Parias, Barcelona, Siglo XI, Ramón Berenguer I, Taifas. BIBLIOGRAFÍA:Balañá i Abadía, P., Els musulmans à Catalunya (713-1153): assaig de síntesi orientativa, Sabadell, Ausa, 1993.Balari Jovany, J., Orígenes Históricos de Cataluña, San Cugat del Vallès, Instituto internacional de cultura románica, 1964, (1º ed. 1899).Baraut, C., “Els documents, dels anys 1051-1075, de l’Arxiu Capitular de la Seu d’Urgell” en Urgellia, 6 (1983), p. 239Bonnassie, P., La Catalogne du milieu du Xe a la fin du XIe Siècle, Croissance et mutations d’une sociètè, Tome II, Tolouse, Université de Tolouse-Le Mirail, 1975.Bonnassie, P. Cataluña mil años atrás (siglos X-XI), Barcelona, Península, 1988.Chesé Lapeña, R., Col·lecció diplomàtica de Sant Pere d’Ager fins 1198, Volum I, Barcelona, Fundación Noguera, 2011Dèbax, H., “Les feudalitats al Llenguadoc i Catalunya. Algunes observacions sobre les divergències de l’evolució”, L’Avenç, 202, 1996, pp. 30-35.Falqué, E. (trad,), “Chronicón Compostellanum”, Habis, 14 (1983), pp. 73-84.Feliú de la Peña, N., Puyol, J. y Sobrequés i Callicó, J., Anales de Cataluña, Barcelona, Base, 1999.Feliu i Montfort, G. y Salrach, J.M., Els pergamins de l’Arxiu Comtal de Barcelona de Ramon Borrell a Ramon Berenguer I, Lérida, Fundación Noguera-Pagés, 1999.Fité i Llevot, F. y González i Montardit, E., Arnau Mir de Tost: Un señor de frontera al segle XI, Lérida, Universidad de Lérida.Joranson, E., The Danegeld in France, Rock Island (Illinois), Augustana Printers, 1923.Kosto, A.J., Making agreements in medieval Catalonia: power, order and the written world, 1000-1200, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001Laliena, C., La formación del Estado feudal: Aragón y Navarra en la época de Pedro I, Huesca, Colección de estudios Altoaragoneses, 1996.Mínguez Fernández, J. M., La España de los siglos VI al XIII: guerra, expansión y transformaciones, Nerea, Pamplona, 2004.Negro Cortés, A. E., “Las parias abonadas por el reino de Granada (1246-1464). Aproximación a su estudio”, Roda da Fortuna, 2, 1-1 (2013), pp. 382-396.Negro Cortés, A.E., “Las parias: una introducción general” en F. Sabaté y J. Brufal (ed.) Investigar l’edat mitjana, Lérida, Pagés Editors, 2018, pp. 43-53.Negro Cortés, A. E., “Las parias en la historia medieval española” en M. Urraco y S. López (ed.) Catálogo de Investigación Joven de Extremadura, Cáceres, Universidad de Extremadura, 2017, pp. 255-258.Negro Cortés, A. E., “Explotación económica de los musulmanes del valle del Ebro: parias y almotexenas abonadas a los reinos de Aragón y Navarra durante el siglo XI”, Aragón en la Edad Media, 28 (2018), pp. 4-17.Puig i Cadafalch, J., Falguera, A. y Goday i Casals, J., L’Arquitectura romanica a Catalunya, Vol II, Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Barberà del Vallés, 2001, (ed. facsímil).Rosell, F. M., Liber Feudorum Maior: cartulario real que se conserva en el Archivo de la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona, CSIC, 1945.Ruiz-Doménec, J. E., “Cataluña en 1025: los orígenes de una organización social”, Estudi General, 1-1 (1996), pp. 93-98.Ruiz-Domènec, J. E., L’Estructura feudal: sistema de parenitu i teoria de l’aliança en la societat catalana (c. 980-c. 1220), Edicions del Mall, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 1985.Sabaté, F., La feudalización de la sociedad catalana, Granada, Universidad de Granada, 2007.Sabaté, F., Història de Lleida. Volum 2: Alta Edad Mitjana, Pagès, Lérida, 2003.Salrach, J. M., Història de Catalunya, Volum II: El procés de feudalització (segles III-XII), Barcelona, Edicions 62, 1987.Sobrequés, S., Els grans comtes de Barcelona, Barcelona, Vincens Vives, 1961.Villanueva, J., Viage literario á las iglesias de España, Tomo 10, Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, 1821,Zimmermann, M., “Et je t’empouvoirrai (potestativum te farei), à propos des relations entre fidélité et pouvoir en Catalogne au XIe siècle”, Mediévales, 10, 1986, pp, 17-36.Zurita, J., Anales de Aragón, (ed. A. Canellas), Institución Fernando el Católico, CSIC, Zaragoza, 1976.

Pages F1004'F1014: Y. Zhang, A. K. Mircheff, C. B. Hensley, C. E. Magyar, D. G. Warnock, R. Chambrey, K.-P. Yip, D. J. Marsh, N.-H. Holstein-Rathlou, and A. A. McDonough. “Rapid redistribution and inhibition of renal sodium transporters during acute pressure natriuresis.” The immunoblot panels in Figures 2 and 5–7 were inadvertently printed from low-resolution copies of the original artwork; in addition, the panels in Fig. 6 were incorrectly labeled. The correct figures are reproduced on the following pages. (See PDF)

<p>Automated steel construction manufacturing with robots is no longer just a dream of the future but a reality. The Institute for Steel Structures and Materials Mechanics of the Technical University (TU) of Darmstadt/Germany has two welding robots. These robots are being used to assess various application for Additive Manufacturing. For the construction of steel, Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is suitable, which is similar to Gas-Shielded Metal Arc Welding. The wire electrode serves as printing material. With this method we can produce components in layers and achieve deposition rates of 5 kg/h. The components studied in this research project are connection elements such as simply supported girder connections and head plates and reinforcing elements such as stiffeners and beam reinforcements. In this paper topology-optimized structures are presented, which can be printed with the WAAM directly on steel beams.</p>

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is the electronic or mechanical conversion of images of typed, handwritten, or printed text into machine-encoded text. Advanced systems are capable to produce a high degree of recognition accuracy for most technic fonts, but when it comes to handwritten forms there is a problem occur in recognizing certain characters and limitations with conventional OCR processes persist. It is most pronounced in ascenders (k, b, l, d, h, t) and descenders (g, j, p, q, y). If the characters are linked by ligatures, the ascending and descending strokes are even less recognizable to the scanners. In order to reduce the likelihood of a recognition error, it is a necessary to create a large database of stored characters and their glyphs. Feature extraction decomposes glyphs into features like lines, closed loops, line direction, and line intersections. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network based on Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) algorithm as a method of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been used in text identification, classification and recognition using various methods: image pattern based, text-based, mark-based etc. Also, the application of AI generates of a large database of different letter cuts, and modifications, and variation of the same letter character structure. For this purpose, the recognizability test of handwritten fonts was performed. Within main group, subgroups of independent letter characters and letter characters linked by ligatures are created, and reading errors were observed. In each subgroup, four different font families (bold stroke, alternating stroke, monoline stroke, and brush stroke) were tested. In subgroup of independent letter characters, errors were observed in similar rounded lines such as the characters a, and e. In the subgroup of letter characters linked by ligatures, errors were also observed in similar rounded lines such as the letter characters a and e, m and n, but also in ascenders b and l, and descenders g and q. Furthermore, seven letter cuts were made from each basic test letters, and up to are thin, ultra-light, light, regular, semi-bold, bold, and ultra-bold, and stored in the existing EMNIST database. The scanning test was repeated, and recently obtained results showed a decrease in the deviation rate, i.e. higher accuracy. Reducing the number of deviations shows that the neural network gives acceptable answers but requires creation of a larger database within about 56,000 different characters.