Journal articles: 'H*- Tb and H*-Td'

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Neeraj, Kumar Tomar, Sharma M.C., Ujlayan Amit, and Zulfeqarr Fahed. "Some Separation Axioms in Topological Spaces." MATHEMATICS EDUCATION LVIII, no. 3, September 2024 (2024): 48–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14823030.

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In this paper, we introduced the concepts of new separation axioms called SC*-separation axioms and H*-separation axioms by using SC* and H*- open sets in topological spaces. SC*- separation axioms i.e. SC* - C0, SC*- C1,weakly SC*- C0 and weakly SC*- C1 and H*- T½, H*- Tb, H*- Td -spaces. Also we obtained several properties of such spaces.

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S., Rani, Cherian Deepa, Thomas Saju, Praveenraj R., Bhanumathy L., and L. Manju S. "In silico modeling, design, synthesis and screening for antitubercular activity of some novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 92, Jun 2015 (2015): 879–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5636361.

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College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. TD Medical College, Alappuzha-688 005, Kerala, India E-mail : rani.s2013@vit.ac.in St. Joseph College of Pharmacy, Cherthala, Alappuzha-688 524, Kerala, India School of Advanced Studies, VIT University, Vellore-632 014, Tamilnadu, India The lead molecule – 1,2,4-triazolin-3-thiones was found to be a powerful novel anti-TB drug with high potency. Isoniazid, the first line drug for TB, will act on the enzyme InhA. An attempt was made to incorporate substituted 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol nucleus to this, so that it will act by inhibiting sterol 14α-demethylase P450 (CYP51). The lead molecule will be synthesized by conventional method. The products obtained will be characterized and percentage yield calculated. The purity of the compounds will be checked by melting point and Rf value in TLC. Structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Molinspiration software was used for finding the c log P values and the antitubercular activity was studied. All the synthesized 1,2,4-triazole derivatives showed inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strains.

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Lapin, I. A., T. A. Rogacheva, A. A. Mitrofanov, and S. N. Mosolov. "Depression with Mixed Features (for DSM-5): Distinguishing Indicators Imaginary Coherence EEG Rest." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 4 (2021): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-4-61-75.

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Background: The neuronal correlates of depression with mixed traits (according to DSM-5) at rest have not been studied. Objective: to determine the indicators of imaginary coherence of EEG-rest, which distinguish patients with depression with mixed features (according to DSM-5) from patients with depression without mixed features and healthy subjects, and also to trace the dependence of the identified neurophysiological characteristics on the diagnostic belonging of the symptom complex to bipolar II type or recurrent depressive disorder. Patients and methods: on a background free from drug therapy, 80 patients with depression with mixed features (XD; n = 40 — with bipolar II disorder (XB) and n = 40 — with recurrent depressive disorder (XR)), 80 patients with depression without mixed traits (TD; n = 40 — for bipolar II type (TB) and n = 40 — for recurrent depressive disorder (TR), as well as 80 healthy subjects (N). The study groups were matched by sex and age. The study used clinical-psychopathological, psychometric, neurophysiological and statistical research methods. According to the Kruskal–Wallis criterion for independent samples the parameters of imaginary coherence (modulo) of standard frequency ranges (delta (δ) — 0.5–4 Hz, theta (θ) — 4–8 Hz, alpha (α) — 8–13 Hz, beta-1 (β1) — 13–20 Hz, beta-2 (β2) — 20–30 Hz, gamma (γ) — 30–45 Hz) between pairs of 14 cutaneous standard EEG derivations (according to the “10–20” system) in three (XD, TD and N), and then in five (XB, XR, TB, TR and N) comparison groups. Post-hoc analysis was performed using the U-test. The significance level was adjusted according to the Bonferroni correction. Results: three indicators were identified: α-ICoh(C3–P4), β1-ICoh(C3–P3) and β2-ICoh(F3–C4). For all three parameters, the H-test values for the “Group” factor (n = 3 and n = 5) were highly significant. In this case, α-ICoh(C3– P4) — XD = TD, XD < N, TD < N; β1-ICoh(C3–P3) — XD < TD, XD < N; TD < N; β2-ICoh(F3–C4) — XD > TD; XD > N, TD > N. The groups of patients with XD within the framework of recurrent depressive and bipolar II disorders significantly differed in terms of β1- ICoh(C3–P3) — XR > XB. At the level of statistical trends, in type II bipolar disorder — XB > TB according to α-ICoh(C3–P4), and in recurrent depressive disorder — XR > TR according to β2-ICoh(F3–C4). Conclusion. Thus, depression with mixed features can be considered in terms of dysfunctional interactions of the left frontal, bilateral central and parietal cortical zones, depending on the diagnostic affiliation of the depressive symptom complex and reflecting violations of automatic and voluntary regulation of affect, cognitive and behavioral changes.

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Abebe, Tadesse. "Effect of Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) dietary inclusion on Ecosystem services and NPK use efficiency of Aquaponics systems with Tilapia and Spinach." Sustainable systems 6, no. 1 (2023): 34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8162637.

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Aquaponics is a sustainable food production system that combines aquaculture and hydroponics in a symbiotic relationship. However, one of the challenges of aquaponics is to find a suitable and affordable feed source for the fish. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are an alternative feed source that can be produced from organic waste and have high nutritional value for fish. BSFL can also provide ecosystem services such as waste reduction, nutrient recycling, and pest control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of BSFL dietary inclusion on the ecosystem services and NPK use efficiency of aquaponics systems with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Five experimental diets were formulated with different levels of BSFL inclusion: Control (0% BSFL), TA (10% BSFL), TB (20% BSFL), TC (30% BSFL), TD (40% BSFL), and TE (50% BSFL). The experiment was conducted for 35 days in a recirculating aquaponics system with six fish tanks and six plant beds. The fish growth performance, water quality parameters, plant biomass, NPK content, and waste reduction were measured and compared among the treatments. The results showed that TC had the best fish growth performance, with the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio. The water quality parameters were within the acceptable ranges for both fish and plants in all treatments. The plant biomass and NPK content were highest in H, followed by Control, TC and TB. The waste reduction was also highest in TD, followed by TC and TE. The NPK use efficiency was calculated as the ratio of NPK uptake by plants to NPK input by fish feed. The results showed that TD had the highest NPK use efficiency, followed by TC and TB. The study concluded that BSFL dietary inclusion can improve the ecosystem services and NPK use efficiency of aquaponics systems with tilapia and spinach, with 40% BSFL being the optimal level.

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Consagra, Angela, Luca Lanino, Najla H. Al Ali, et al. "Improved Overall Survival Among Luspatercept Responders and Predictors of Response." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-186279.

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Introduction Luspatercept (luspa) is a first-in-class erythroid-maturation agent approved for red blood cells transfusion dependent (RBC-TD) lower risk myelodysplastic syndrome (LR-MDS) with ring sideroblast (RS) based on MEDALIST clinical trial. We aimed to explore impact of luspa on overall survival (OS) and predictors of response in a large cohort of pts treated with luspa, collected from Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) and from Fondazione Italiana Sindromi Mielodisplastiche (FISiM). Methods We evaluated all pts with LR-MDS-RS treated with luspa from MCC cohort since FDA approval, and from a multicenter observational trial of FISiM for pts treated on a compassionate use program . Baseline RBC transfusion burden (TB) was defined as: non-transfusion dependent (NTD) (0 units in 8 weeks prior luspa), low TB (LTB) (1-5 units/8 weeks ) and high TB (HTB) (≥ 6 units/8 weeks). A hematological response (HI) was defined as an (i) objective Hgb increase of &gt; 1.5 g/dl in NTD, and (ii) RBC-TI with Hgb increase of 1.5 g/dl, or RBC-TI without Hgb 1.5 g/dl increase, or &gt;50% reduction in RBC TB among RBC-TD. Somatic mutation (MT) data were available for 137 pts. Results Between January 2020 and March 2023, 331 pts were treated with Luspa (Table-1). The median age was 69 years; 308 pts (93%) had MDS-RS, 86,1% were intermediate, low or very low risk MDS by R-IPSS and 82% (105/128) were moderate low (ML), low (L) or very low (VL) by IPPS-M. SF3B1 MT was detected in 86.3% (120/139) with a median VAF of 37.7. The mean Hgb level was 7.97 g/dl and 93.7% were RBC-TD. Majority had prior erythroid stimulating agents (ESA) (93.6%). In the MCC cohort 42.9% (52/121) had prior hypomethylating agents (HMA) therapy, and 31.4% (38/121) had prior lenalidomide (len). With a median follow up of 14.6 mos from starting luspa treatment, the median OS was not reached (NR) among responders to luspa compared to 24.5 mos for non-responders (p &lt;.001) (Figure-1). The median OS benefit was more pronounced among pts with RBC-TI and Hgb&gt; 1.5 g/dl increase compared to other categories of response. In the NTD group at baseline, the median OS among luspa responders was NR compared to 22.7 mos among non-responders (P&lt; .001). In the LTB group at baseline median OS was NR as well among luspa responders compared to 29.9 mos in non-responders (p=.002) and finally among HTB group at baseline, the median OS among luspa responders was 35.4 mos compared to 21.2 mos in non-responders (p=.007). In multivariable analysis adjusting for IPSS-M and baseline RBC-TD, response to luspa was independently associated with improved OS, HR .39 (95% CI .18-.83), p= .015 The overall HI rate to luspa was 40.6% (134/330) (Table-1), 85% of pts needed dose escalation, HI correlated with baseline RBC-TB where 80% (16/20) NTD, 60.2% (65/108) LTB and 41.8% HTB (77/184) achieved HI respectively, p&lt; .001. By IPSS-M, there was a trend for lower HI with higher risk disease (100% in VL, 60.3% in L, 36.7% in ML, 56.3% in MH, 16.7% in H risk pts, p=.051). There was a mild trend for higher response among SF3B1 MT pts compared to wild type, 54% (64/119) versus 42% (8/19), p=.34.The segregation of SF3B1 MT cases into three independent groups based on IPSS-M, showed that HI rate was better in SF3B1 β ( SF3B1 and any gene from BCOR, BCORL1, NRAS, RUNX1, SRSF2 or STAG2) and SF3B1 α (as any other mutant) than SF3B1 5q(concomitantpresence with isolated del5q): 50% (7/14), 58.8% (57/97), and 0% (0/5) respectively, p=.03. Among SF3B1 5qpts, 4 had been treated with len before luspa and only 1 had achieved an HI with prior len. Among pts with SF3B1 MT, we observed a trend for higher response in pts with the hotspot K700E, 62.7% (37/59) vs 47.4% (27/57) in non-K700E, p=.097. In pts with SF3B1 MT, divided by median VAF, we observed a trend for better HI with VAF was &gt;38, 63.5% (33/52) vs 45.3% (24/53), p=.062. Among responders, the median duration of response was 14.1 mos. As of last follow up, 85% pts (191/224) discontinued treatment. Reason of discontinuation was lack of response in 126 pts, loss of response in 26 patients and adverse events in 6 pts. The most common reported adverse events were fatigue (n=10), GI symptoms (n=4), shortness of breath and arthralgia (1 each). Conclusions Our RWD in the largest luspa treated cohort demonstrates OS benefit to luspa response. Low baseline RBC-TB dependency, lower risk IPSS-M, SF3B1 MT, SF3B1-K700E mutation and SF3B1 α co-mutations correlated with higher response rates. Our data emphasizes the impact of RBC-TI in LR-MDS.

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Kumari, Neha, Nikhat Khan, and Aparup Das. "Evolutionary Genetic Analysis of the Pyrazinamidase Gene in Seven Global Populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis." International Journal of Mycobacteriology 14, no. 2 (2025): 132–39. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_30_25.

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Background: This study aims to identify the signatures of natural selection in the pyrazinamidase (pncA) gene to see if genetic adaptations by Darwinian natural selection have shaped genetic composition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Methods: The present analyses were based on 209 DNA sequences (561 bp) of the pncA gene of the bacterial pathogen, Mtb from seven different counties (Peru, Pakistan, South Africa, Mexico, India, China, and Kuwait) endemic to tuberculosis (TB). Before conducting tests for Darwinian natural selection in the pncA gene, we conducted several tests for neutrality in all the available DNA sequences after retrieval from public domains. Several statistical analyses under different algorithms were conducted and biological/evolutionary inferences were drawn. Results: The 209 sequences of the pncA gene in Mtb belonging to seven different countries were found to be perfectly aligned with the reference sequence. Data analyses under different population genetic models revealed the highest genetic diversity in India, followed by Peru; the lowest was in China. Interestingly, four populations; Peru, Pakistan, India, and Kuwait were found to be deviated from neutral model of evolution based on Tajima’D (TD) values; two populations (India and Peru) based on Fu and Li’s D and F (FLD and FLF) test values and five populations (India, Peru, Pakistan, South Africa, and Kuwait) based on Fay and Wu’s H (FWH) test. Moreover, based on the statistically significant results of neutrality tests, evidence for positive selection in three populations (Peru [P < 0.02945], Pakistan [P < 0.01767], and Kuwait [P < 0.00301]) at P < 0.05 level of significance] was found. Conclusion: The present evolutionary genetic analysis of the pncA gene indicates different levels of genetic diversity in seven different country populations. As almost all the global populations showed deviation from neutral model and three populations showed signatures of natural selection, with no specific hotspot region identified for PZA resistance, this gene needs to be studied with larger population size covering countries with TB incidences to study the evolution of drug resistance in Mtb. This will help in the management of drug resistance and TB elimination plan.

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Radenovic, Cedomir, Ksenija Markovic, Aleksandar Radojcic, Violeta Andjelkovic, and Aleksandar Kalauzi. "Interdependence between oscillations and transients of delayed fluorescence induction processes in the thylakoid membrane of the intact maize leaf: Responses to effects of increased temperatures and drought." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 118 (2010): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1018007r.

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Standard induction processes of delayed fluorescence (DF) of chlorophyll (induction signals) occur when an intact leaf segment of maize inbreds and hybrids is kept in the phosphoroscope darkroom for more than 15 minutes (t > 15 min), and at the same time the leaf is illuminated with the intermittent white light. Resolved induction processes of DF chlorophyll into transients: A, B, C, D and E occur when the intact leaf segment of maize inbreds and hybrids is kept in the phosphoroscope darkroom for a significantly shorter period (500 s > t > 30 s), with the time rate t of 30 s, prior to its illumination with the intermittent white light. Induction transients: A, B, C, D and E are characterized with the time of their generation: tA = 31?6 ms (A), tB = 5 ? 0,5 s (B), tC = 15?5 s (C), tD = 360?20 s (D) and tE = 670?35 s (E), dynamics of changes in transients intensities (IA, IB, IC, ID and IE) and mechanisms of their generation. The induction processes of chlorophyll DF of the intact leaf of maize inbreds and hybrids resolved into transients: A, B, C, D and E are accompanied by the occurrence and different levels of activation energy (Ea, kJ mol-1) that correspond to critical temperatures ranging from 28 to 33?C. The generation mechanisms of induction transients A, B, C, D and E classify them into two groups. Transients A and B are of a physical character, while the transients: C, D, and E are of a chemical character. It is shown that the generation of the induction transients: B, C, D and E simultaneously follows establishing of the oscillations of induction processes of the DF chlorophyll. Oscillating of induction processes of DF chlorophyll is explained by the ion (K+, Na+, H+, Cl-) transport mechanism across the thylakoid membrane of the intact leaf of maize inbreds and hybrids grown under conditions of air drought, increased temperatures and water deficiency in the medium.

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Chzhan, Victoria, Irina Tereshina, Gennady Burkhanov, Galina Politova, and Henryk Drulis. "Magnetic phase diagrams of Gd-H, Tb-H, Dy-H systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818505011.

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We study the impact of hydrogen impurity on the magnetic phase transition temperatures of the high purity rare-earth metals Gd, Tb and Dy. Prior to hydrogenation, the rare earths were purified by the vacuum distillation method. Hydrogenation was carried out using a Sievert-type apparatus. Magnetic phase diagrams were constructed based on the thermomagnetic analysis.

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Tolibov, G'olib Ko'klamovich. "TАDBIRKОRLIK SUB'ЕKTLАRI TАSHQI IQTISОDIY FАОLIYATINI TIJОRАT BАNKLАRI ОRQАLI KRЕDITLАSHNING АMАLDАGI MЕХАNIZMLАRI VА HОLАTI TАHLILI". PEDAGOG RESPUBLIKA ILMIY JURNALI 6, № 4 (2023): 47–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830615.

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Ushbu maqolada Mаmlаkаtimizdа аmаlgа оshirilаyotgаn tub iqtisоdiy islоhоtlаrdа fаоl tаdbirkоrlikni rivоjlаntirishgа аlоhidа e’tibоr qаrаtilmоqdа. Rеspublikаmizdа ekspоrtni hаr tоmоnlаmа qo‘llаb-quvvаtlаsh vа rаg‘bаtlаntirish, uning hаjmi bаrqаrоr o‘sishini tа’minlаsh vа tаrkibini tаkоmillаshtirish, mаmlаkаtimizning ekspоrt sаlоhiyatini оshirishdа хususiy tаdbirkоrlikning rоlini hаr tоmоnlаmа оshirish, ekspоrtchi kоrхоnаlаrni mоliyaviy qo‘llаb-quvvаtlаshni yanаdа kuchаytirish, milliy mаhsulоtlаrning tаshqi bоzоrlаrdаgi rаqоbаtbаrdоshligini mustаhkаmlаsh vа vаlyutа tushumlаrini ko‘pаytirish hоzirgi kundа mаmlаkаtimizdа hаl qilinishi lоzim bo‘lgаn dоlzаrb mаsаlаlаrdаn sаnаlаdi. Bundа birinchi nаvbаtdа,  tаdbirkоrlik sub’еktlаrining tаshqi iqtisоdiy fаоliyatini mоliyalаshtirish tizimini tаkоmillаshtirish, аyniqsа tijоrаt bаnklаrining bu jаrаyondаgi ishtirоki vа fаоlligini rivоjlаntirish to‘g‘risida fikir va mulohazalar keltirilgan.

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Kaganovich, Natalya, Jennifer Schumaker, Laurence B. Leonard, Dana Gustafson, and Danielle Macias. "Children With a History of SLI Show Reduced Sensitivity to Audiovisual Temporal Asynchrony: An ERP Study." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 4 (2014): 1480–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-l-13-0192.

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Purpose The authors examined whether school-age children with a history of specific language impairment (H-SLI), their peers with typical development (TD), and adults differ in sensitivity to audiovisual temporal asynchrony and whether such difference stems from the sensory encoding of audiovisual information. Method Fifteen H-SLI children, 15 TD children, and 15 adults judged whether a flashed explosion-shaped figure and a 2-kHz pure tone occurred simultaneously. The stimuli were presented at 0-, 100-, 200-, 300-, 400-, and 500-ms temporal offsets. This task was combined with EEG recordings. Results H-SLI children were profoundly less sensitive to temporal separations between auditory and visual modalities compared with their TD peers. Those H-SLI children who performed better at simultaneity judgment also had higher language aptitude. TD children were less accurate than adults, revealing a remarkably prolonged developmental course of the audiovisual temporal discrimination. Analysis of early event-related potential components suggested that poor sensory encoding was not a key factor in H-SLI children's reduced sensitivity to audiovisual asynchrony. Conclusions Audiovisual temporal discrimination is impaired in H-SLI children and is still immature during mid-childhood in TD children. The present findings highlight the need for further evaluation of the role of atypical audiovisual processing in the development of SLI.

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Johri, Atul K., Joahnna Padilla, Gennady Malin, and Lawrence C. Paoletti. "Oxygen Regulates Invasiveness and Virulence of Group B Streptococcus." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 12 (2003): 6707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.12.6707-6711.2003.

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ABSTRACT The facultative anaerobe group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an opportunistic pathogen of pregnant women, newborns, and the elderly. Although several virulence factors have been identified, environmental factors that regulate the pathogenicity of GBS have not been well characterized. Using the dynamic in vitro attachment and invasion system (DIVAS), we examined the effect of oxygen on the ability of GBS to invade immortalized human epithelial cells. GBS type III strain M781 invaded human epithelial cells of primitive neurons, the cervix, the vagina, and the endometrium in 5- to 400-fold higher numbers when cultured at a cell mass doubling time (td ) of 1.8 h than at a slower td of 11 h. Invasion was optimal when GBS was cultured at a td of 1.8 h in the presence of ≥5% oxygen and was significantly reduced without oxygen. Moreover, GBS grown in a chemostat under highly invasive conditions (td of 1.8 h, with oxygen) was more virulent in neonatal mice than was GBS grown under suboptimal invasion conditions (td of 1.8 h, without oxygen), suggesting a positive association between in vitro invasiveness with DIVAS and virulence.

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Fitzsimons, D. P., P. W. Bodell, R. E. Herrick, and K. M. Baldwin. "Effect of thyroid state on cardiac myosin P-light chain phosphorylation during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 1 (1990): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.1.313.

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This study ascertained the effects of thyroid deficiency (TD) and hyperthyroidism (H) on in vivo cardiovascular functional capacity in the context of cardiac myosin light chain 2 phosphorylation [P-LC(P)], a proposed modulator of myocardial function, at rest and during exercise. Compared with normal controls (NC), Ca2(+)-regulated myofibril adenosinetriphosphatase was reduced by 39% in TD and increased by 9% in H rats. This response was associated with a 20-fold increase in the V3 isoform and an 11% increase in the V1 isoform in TD and H rats, respectively. Submaximal treadmill exercise elicited significant elevations in all myocardial functional indexes examined in H rats compared with the NC group, whereas the opposite occurred for the TD group. Despite the marked contrast in cardiac function among the three groups, intrinsic levels of P-LC(P) were similar at rest among the groups and were significantly reduced in both TD and H groups relative to controls during exercise. These data suggest that although thyroid state exerts a profound impact on intrinsic myocardial functional state, it exerts little control over cellular processes regulating P-LC(P) during rest and exercise.

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Kusmiati, Tutik, Erlina Burhan, Retna Indah Sugiyono, et al. "The seroprevalence of anti-Histoplasma capsulatum IgG antibody among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in seven referral tuberculosis hospitals in Indonesia." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 9 (2023): e0011575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011575.

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Background Histoplasma capsulatum exposure is rarely suspected in Indonesia. Pulmonary histoplasmosis can occur simultaneously with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) or as an alternative diagnosis in clinically-diagnosed TB patients with no microbiological evidence of TB. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of anti-H. capsulatum IgG antibody among pulmonary TB patients. Methodology This was a sub-study of 306 participants from a prospective cohort pulmonary TB study conducted at seven TB referral hospitals in Indonesia. The study population was presumptive pulmonary TB adult patients who underwent microbiological TB examinations and were categorized as drug-sensitive (DS), drug-resistant (DR), and clinically-diagnosed TB. Anti-H. capsulatum IgG antibody levels at baseline were measured using MVista Histoplasma Ab enzyme immunoassays. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to assess factors associated with anti-H. capsulatum IgG antibody positive result. Results 12.7% (39/306) of pulmonary TB patients were positive for anti-H. capsulatum IgG antibodies (DR-TB patients (15.9%, 18/114), DS-TB (13.0%, 15/115), and clinically-diagnosed TB (7.8%, 6/77)). The median unit value of anti-H. capsulatum IgG antibody for all positive samples was 15.7 (IQR 10.2–28.9) EU. This median unit value was higher in clinically-diagnosed TB patients compared to DS-TB or DR-TB patients (38.1 (IQR 25.6–46.6) EU, 19.7 (IQR 12.3–28.9) EU, and 10.9 (IQR 9.2–15.4), respectively). There were 10 patients (3.3%) with anti-H. capsulatum IgG antibody levels above 30 EU. Factors associated with the anti-H. capsulatum IgG antibody positive result were malignancies (OR 4.88, 95% CI 1.09–21.69, p = 0.037) and cavitary lesions (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.09–4.70, p = 0.028). Conclusions Our results provide evidence of exposure to H. capsulatum among pulmonary TB patients in Indonesia. Further studies are needed to provide a comprehensive picture of this fungal disease in other populations and regions to enhance awareness among clinicians and public health officials.

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Gu, Meng, Zhaoxiang Xue, Shenglan Lv, Yuhao Cai, Lei Zhang, and Xiwu Gao. "Corynebacterium sp. 2-TD Mediated Toxicity of 2-Tridecanone to Helicoverpa armigera." Toxins 14, no. 10 (2022): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100698.

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Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is a Lepidopteran noctuid pest with a global distribution. It has a wide range of host plants and can harm cotton, tomato, tobacco, and corn, as well as other crops. H. armigera larvae damage the flower buds, flowers, and fruits of tomato and cause serious losses to tomato production. Tomato uses the allelochemical 2-tridecanone to defend against this damage. So far, there have been no reports on whether the adaptation of H. armigera to 2-tridecanone is related to its symbiotic microorganisms. Our study found that Corynebacterium sp. 2-TD, symbiotic bacteria in H. armigera, mediates the toxicity of the 2-tridecanone to H. armigera. Corynebacterium sp. 2-TD, which was identified by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, was screened out using a basal salt medium containing a unique carbon source of 2-tridecanone. Then, Corynebacterium sp. 2-TD was confirmed to be distributed in the gut of H. armigera by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The survival rate of H. armigera increased by 38.3% under 2-tridecanone stress after inoculation with Corynebacterium sp. 2-TD. The degradation effect of Corynebacterium sp. 2-TD on 2-tridecanone was verified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Our study is the first to report the isolation of gut bacteria that degrade 2-tridecanone from the important agricultural pest H. armigera and to confirm bacterial involvement in host adaptation to 2-tridecanone, which provides new insights into the adaptive mechanism of agricultural pests to host plants.

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Perret, M., and F. Aujard. "Daily hypothermia and torpor in a tropical primate: synchronization by 24-h light-dark cycle." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 281, no. 6 (2001): R1925—R1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.6.r1925.

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To study the temporal organization of daily hypothermia and torpor in a nocturnal Malagasy primate, the gray mouse lemur, body temperature (Tb) and locomotor activity were recorded using telemetry on 39 males held in 24-h light-dark cycles of different photoperiods. Under free-running condition, the circadian Tb and locomotor activity rhythms had a period shorter than 24 h. Circadian daily hypothermia started by a rapid drop in Tb (0.24°C/10 min) at the end of subjective night (13 h 25 ± 20 min) and was characterized by minimal Tb values 3 h 20 ± 5 min later. Spontaneous arousal from daily hypothermia occurred at a fixed time (6 h 05 ± 15 min, n = 7) after the beginning of subjective day. In animals exposed to 24-h light-dark cycles with night duration varying from 10 to 14 h, locomotor activity was strictly restricted to dark time, but the temporal organization of daily hypothermia was not modified, although changes in amplitude of Tb rhythm were observed. Daily hypothermia was directly induced by light and lasted 5 h 10 ± 10 min, with minimal Tb values 3 h 30 ± 30 min ( n = 28) after lights on, on condition that nighttime did not exceed the duration of subjective night. However, in animals exposed to 24-h light-dark cycles with night duration varying from 10 to 5 h, the limit of induction of daily hypothermia by light was ∼9 h after the beginning of night. Finally, under short days (14:10-h light-dark cycle), long bouts (6 h 50 ± 40 min) of actual torpor (minimum Tb 27.6 ± 0.9°C) were observed and would involve mechanisms depending on physiological changes induced by short day exposure.

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Wanjala Victor and Beatrice Adhiambo Obiero. "On class (BD) Operators." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 2 (2021): 048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.2.0355.

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In this paper, we introduce the class of (BD) operators acting on a complex Hilbert space H. An operator if T ∈ B (H) is said to belong to class (BD) if T * 2 (TD) 2 commutes with (T *TD) 2 equivalently [T * 2 (TD) 2, (T *TD) 2] = 0. We investigate the properties of this class and we also analyze the relation of this class to D-operator and then generalize it to class (nBD) and analyze its relation to the class of n-power D-operator through complex symmetric operators.

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Wanjala, Victor, and Adhiambo Obiero Beatrice. "On class (BD) Operators." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 2 (2021): 048–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5202974.

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In this paper, we introduce the class of (BD) operators acting on a complex Hilbert space H. An operator if T ∈ B (H) is said to belong to class (BD) if T * 2 (TD) 2 commutes with (T *TD) 2 equivalently [T * 2 (TD) 2, (T *TD) 2] = 0. We investigate the properties of this class and we also analyze the relation of this class to D-operator and then generalize it to class (nBD) and analyze its relation to the class of n-power D-operator through complex symmetric operators.

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McLean, Amy K., Tara Falt, Essam M. Abdelfattah, et al. "Transdermal Flunixin Meglumine as a Pain Relief in Donkeys: A Pharmacokinetics Pilot Study." Metabolites 13, no. 7 (2023): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13070776.

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Recent approval of transdermal flunixin meglumine (FM) (Banamine®) in cattle has opened the door for the drug’s potential application in other species. Transdermal FM could provide a safe and effective form of pain relief in donkeys. In order to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and effects of FM on anti-inflammatory biomarkers in donkeys, a three-way crossover study design was employed. In total, 6 healthy donkeys were administered transdermal (TD) FM at a dosage of 3.3 mg/kg, and oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) doses of 1.1 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected over 96 h to determine the concentration of flunixin, 5OH flunixin, and eicosanoids (TXB2 and PGF2 alpha) using LC-MS/MS. The results indicated that both flunixin and 5OH flunixin were detectable in blood samples collected during TD. The elimination of the drug was slower following the TD route compared to PO and IV. TD administration significantly decreased TXB2 levels in non-stimulated serum from 1 to 96 h post-administration, while IV and PO resulted in TXB2 reduction for 1 to 8 h. A significant reduction in PGF2 alpha was observed in PO and IV 1 h after administration, while TD resulted in a gradual decline from 4 to 72 h. The study concluded that the off-label use of transdermal FM at 3.3 mg/kg could be effective in controlling inflammation in donkeys.

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Pérez-Márquez, Simón, Vagner S. Ovani, Paulo de Mello Tavares Lima, et al. "Tithonia diversifolia Improves In Vitro Rumen Microbial Synthesis of Sheep Diets without Changes in Total Gas and Methane Production." Agronomy 13, no. 11 (2023): 2768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13112768.

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Among the alternatives identified as capable of making livestock farming a more efficient activity and reducing its environmental impact, the use of feeds with high digestibility and the use of non-conventional fodder species can be highlighted. Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (TD) has already gained attention as a feed for ruminants. Nonetheless, there has been little discussion about the impacts of this plant on the rumen dynamics that lead to better animal performance. The aim of this study was to assess how increasing levels of TD could affect ruminal microbial biomass synthesis, degradability, and in vitro gas production (IVGP) of diets. Four diets were evaluated: a control diet (TD0: 400 g kg−1 soybean meal and maize grain, and 600 g kg−1 Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.)) and three increasing levels of TD (TD9: 90, TD27: 270, and TD45: 450 g kg−1–dry matter basis) as a replacement for dietary roughage. A 96 h IVGP assay was carried out and five incubation times (2, 4, 10, 24, and 96 h) were used for degradability determination. Gas produced, methane (CH4), degradability of organic matter (IVDOM), short-chained fatty acid (SCFA) production, partitioning factor (PF), and microbial biomass (MB) were evaluated among treatments. There was no significant effect (p > 0.05) between TD inclusion and IVGP at most incubation times; only at 6 h of incubation did gas production increase linearly with TD inclusion (R2 = 0.19; p < 0.05). TD inclusion had no effects on CH4. IVDOM increased linearly with TD inclusion at 6 and 10 h, with TD45 being more degradable than the control diet at 6 h only. There was a positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.20; p < 0.05) between TD inclusion and PF. TD45 had significantly higher PF values than the control. MB also increased linearly (R2 = 0.30; p < 0.05) with TD inclusion, and all diets with TD had significantly more MB than the control diet. The inclusion of TD at the levels used in this work was revealed to have a positive impact on microbial protein synthesis, which could be related to the higher microbial efficiency of increased substrate quality.

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Yandhi, Rama, and Zen Ahmad. "Management of Isoniazid Monoresistant Tuberculosis." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 8, no. 7 (2024): 4606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v8i7.1029.

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lsoniazid (INH) is one of the main first-line drugs used for the treatment of active tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection because it has bactericidal capabilities and a good level of safety. The presence of TB germs that are resistant to INH will reduce the effectiveness of TB treatment. The treatment mix for INH monoresistant TB patients is a combination of rifampicin (R), isoniazid (H), pyrazinamide (Z), ethambutol (E), and levofloxacin (Lfx) or R-H-Z-E-Lfx given for 6 months. If a health facility provides loose TB medication, the patient can be given a combination of treatment without INH (R-Z-E-Lfx). In conditions where the Lfx drug cannot be used because there is severe intolerance (serious adverse events) or there are contra indications, the treatment given is the R-H-Z-E combination for 6 months. Clinical monitoring for patients with INH monoresistant TB follows the same principles as treatment of drug-sensitive TB. In conclusion, the treatment guide for INH monoresistant TB patients is a combination of rifampicin (R), isoniazid (H), pyrazinamide (Z), ethambutol (E), and levofloxacin (Lfx) or R-H-Z-E-Lfx for 6 months.

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Yang, Chaojun, and Fangyan Lu. "Improving some operator inequalities for positive linear maps." Filomat 32, no. 12 (2018): 4333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1812333y.

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Let 0 < mI ? A ? m'I ? M'I ? B ? MI and p ? 1. Then for every positive unital linear map ?, ?2p(A?tB)?(K(h,2)/41p-1(1+Q(t)(log M'm')2) 2p?2p(A#tB) and ?2p(A?tB)?(K(h,2)/41p-1(1+Q(t)(logM'm')2) 2p(?(A)#t ?(B))2p, where t ? [0,1], h = M/m, K(h,2) = (h+1)2/4h, Q(t) = t2/2(1-t/t)2t and Q(0) = Q(1) = 0. Moreover, we give an improvement for the operator version ofWielandt inequality.

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Yoon, Jungho, Taemook Park, Ahram Kim, et al. "First Clinical Case of Equine Parvovirus-Hepatitis-Related Theiler’s Disease in Asia." Viruses 13, no. 10 (2021): 1917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13101917.

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Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) is a newly identified etiologic agent of Theiler’s disease (TD). We present a case of EqPV-H-related fulminant hepatitis in a 14-year-old thoroughbred mare in Korea. The mare had acute hepatopathy and gastrointestinal symptoms, with abnormal liver-related blood parameters. The horse was born in the USA and imported to Korea in 2017, with no history of administration of equine biological products after entry into Korea. The horse was diagnosed with EqPV-H-associated hepatitis after abdominal ultrasonography, laparotomy, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays. The serum, nasal swab, oral swab, and liver biopsy were positive for EqPV-H according to the PCR assay. Genetic analysis of the partial NS1 gene of EqPV-H showed a unique nucleotide substitution, distinct from that in previously deposited strains. EqPV-H DNA was found not only in hepatocytes but also in bile duct epithelium and Kupffer cells, particularly via ISH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of EqPV-H-associated TD in Asia, providing the first clinical evidence for viral shedding from the mouth and nose, and identification of EqPV-H in the liver. This study contributes to a better understanding of the pathological features of EqPV-H-associated TD.

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Feng, Yongting, Meijuan Xu, Dongwei Chen, Xiao Zhang, Bin Zhou, and Jian Zou. "Correlation Study between Multi-Scale Structure and In Vitro Digestibility of Starch Modified by Temperature Difference." Foods 13, no. 13 (2024): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13132047.

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Physical techniques are widely applied in the food industry due to their positive impact on food quality and the environment. Temperature differences can effectively modify starch, but the resulting changes in starch structure and quality remain unclear. In this study, the corn starch was processed with high temperature, low temperature, and temperature difference (TD), including high temperature before low temperature (H-L) and low temperature before high temperature (L-H). The results showed that high temperature induced the umbilicus to concave inward shape and sharply decreased the amylose content, while low temperature increased the surface micropores and reduced the A-chain. TD reduced the fluorescence intensity and increased the clearness of the growth ring. TD elevated the relative crystallinity (RC), short-range order, A/B1 chains, hydrolysis parameters, and resistant starch (RS), and reduced amylose content, B2/B3 chains, and viscosity. Moreover, the corn starches treated by H-L had lower amylose content and higher RC, 1047/1022, A-chain, and RS than those treated by L-H. Overall, high temperature degraded the amylose and low temperature destroyed the amylopectin. During the TD, H-L can accelerate the starch molecular rearrangement more than the opposite temperature treatment order. These results will help produce novel starches for better food applications.

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Thahir, Zakiah, and Muhammad Rezky Raihan. "KERASIONALAN PERESEPAN OBAT ANTITUBERKULOSIS PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN YANG MENDERITA TB PARU DI PUSKESMAS BAJENG TAHUN 2020." Jurnal Kesehatan Yamasi Makassar 7, no. 2 (2023): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.59060/jurkes.v7i2.293.

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Penyakit TB ini masih menjadi kasus yang perlu diperhatikan penanggulangannya, sehingga untuk mengoptimalkannya dibuatlah sebuah standar pedoman Penanggulangan TB Nasional oleh Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia yang kemudian menjadi acuan (guideline) bagi para tenaga kesehatan di unit-unit pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat (Puskesmas) di Indonesia.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kerasionalan Peresepan obat Pasien yang Menderita TB tahun 2020 di Puskemas Bajeng Kabupaten Gowa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif melalui Resep Pasien TBC di Puskesmas Bajeng Kabupaten Gowa tahun 2020. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah resep rawat jalan pasien TB di Puskesmas Bajeng tahun 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian atau perezepan obat TB sudah rasional sesuai dengan pedoman pengobatan pasien TB. obat untuk kategori 1 fase intensif diberikan (2R/H/Z/E) fase lanjutan (4R/H) dengan jumlah pasien 114 orang (86,50%) Untuk kategori 2 awal diberikan (3R/H/Z/E/S) fase lanjutan (5R/H/Z/E/S) berjumlah pasien 8 orang (6,34%), Untuk kategori anak fase awal diberikan (2R/H/Z) fase lanjutan kategori anak (4R/H) berjumlah 2 orang (1,59%). Untuk kategori resisten obat fase awal (6KM inj/H/Z/E/CPZ/MFX) fase lanjutan (3H/Z/E/CPZ/MFX) berjumlah 2 orang (1,59%)

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Carlos-Vivas, Jorge, Juan Manuel Franco-García, David Manuel Mendoza-Muñoz, Santiago Gómez-Pomares, and Jorge Pérez-Gómez. "High-Intensity GPS-Derived Parameters in Semi-Professional Soccer: Home vs. Away Roles of the Team and Their Relationship with the Match’s Final Score." Sensors 24, no. 15 (2024): 4891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24154891.

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High-intensity activities are related to success in football. We looked at whether high-intensity activity differed between home and away matches and its impact on the final score. Thirty football players (20.3 ± 0.8 years) were recruited from a Spanish semi-professional team. Footballers wore a GPS device to monitor high-intensity parameters from competition matches. The final score of every match was also recorded. Playing at home showed greater total distance (TD) > 24 km/h, >27 km/h, >85% Vmax, and the number of sprints > 24 km/h (all p < 0.05) than playing away. Positive correlations were also found between the match score and high-speed running (HSR) distance covered by the team per minute (r = 0.401), TD > 21 km/h (r = 0.417), TD > 24 km/h (r = 0.343), number of sprints > 24 km/h (r = 0.337), and HSR per minute (r = 0.459) (all p < 0.05). The results suggest that playing at home is associated with greater high-intensity effort than playing away. Moreover, the volume of high-intensity effort influences the final score.

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Dore, Maria Pina, Giuseppe Fanciulli, Alessandra Manca, and Giovanni Mario Pes. "Association of Helicobacter pylori Infection with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in the Female Sex." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 15 (2023): 5150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155150.

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Background. Helicobacter pylori infection has been associated with an increased risk of thyroid diseases (TDs), although scientific evidence is conflicting. In the present study the relationship between TDs, including both autoimmune (AI) and non-autoimmune TD, and H. pylori infection was investigated. Methods: Data from records of patients undergoing upper endoscopy and histologically evaluated for H. pylori infection were retrieved. In addition to demographic information, the features of gastritis based on non-targeted biopsies collected from the antrum, angulus, and corpus were analyzed. The presence of H. pylori infection and atrophy and/or metaplasia and/or dysplasia in at least one gastric specimen was defined as a long-lasting H. pylori infection and the presence of a chronic–active gastritis as a current infection. Hashimoto’s and Graves’ diseases were included in the AITD group, and thyroid nodules, goiter, iatrogenic thyroid hypo/hyper function, and thyroidectomy in the non-autoimmune TD group. Results: A total of 8322 records from adult patients from Northern Sardinia, characterized by a similar genetic background, was analyzed. Participants were aged 18–93 years (females 5339, 64.1%), and more specifically, 562 (6.7%) had a diagnosis of AITD and 448 (5.4%) of non-autoimmune TD. A significant association between long-lasting H. pylori and AITD (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.13–1.60) was found, irrespective of age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status, while it was not associated with non-autoimmune TD. Current H. pylori infection did not show significant ORs for AITD (OR 0.99; 95%CI 0.64–1.57) and non-autoimmune TD (OR 0.86; 95%CI 0.66–1.15). The association with long-lasting H. pylori infection was confirmed to be significant for both Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease by multivariable regression analysis. Stratification according to sex revealed a significant association only for females (OR 1.39; 95%CI 1.12–1.72). Conclusions. Our results indicate that long-lasting H. pylori infection is associated with AITD in the female adult population of Northern Sardinia.

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Lavenne-Collot, Nathalie, Nelle Jallot, Julie Maguet, Céline Degrez, Michel Botbol, and Marine Grandgeorge. "Early Motor Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Are Marked by Less Frequent Hand and Knees Crawling." Perceptual and Motor Skills 128, no. 5 (2021): 2148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125211037983.

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Our aim in this study was to affirm or negate (quantitatively) our subjective impression of altered hands and knees crawling (H&K crawling) among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Through parental questionnaires and children’s health records, we retrospectively compared early motor skills, including the frequency of H&K crawling in 79 children with Autistic Disorder or Asperger Syndrome versus 100 children with typical development (TD). We found H&K crawling to be significantly less frequent among children with ASD (44.2%) versus children with TD (69%). Children with ASD also showed a decreased frequency of acquiring a seating position without help and a later mean walking age compared to the TD children. These data suggest that early motor development delays may be a useful sign for detecting ASD at early ages.

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Vieira, Hamilton Justino, Álvaro José Back, Fábio Lopes, and Heverly Morais. "Estimativa das temperaturas médias diárias, diurnas e noturnas a partir das temperaturas horárias." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 27, no. 3 (2012): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-77862012000300007.

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É amplamente conhecido atualmente, que as temperaturas diurnas e ou noturnas são fatores decisivos na exploração de determinadas culturas. Contudo, a determinação destas foi sempre dificultada pelo modo que eram realizadas as leituras meteorológicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo ajustar equações para estimativa das temperaturas médias noturnas (TN), diurnas (TD) e a média diária (Tm) em função das temperaturas horárias instantâneas. Foram utilizados dados horários da temperatura instantânea da estação automática de São Joaquim, SC (Lat. 28º16'54'' S, Long. 49º56'07'' W, Alt. 1408m) relativo ao ano de 2006. A partir dos dados de temperaturas instantâneas horárias foram calculados os valores de TD, TN e Tm. O período diurno foi definido como sendo das 7 às 19 horas. Foram realizadas análises de regressão linear tendo como variável independente os valores de temperatura instantânea, e variável dependente os valores de TD, TN e Tm, sendo o melhor estimador definido pelo maior valor do coeficiente de determinação. Foram selecionados os valores de temperatura instantâneas das 11 h, 24 h e 20 h como estimadores das TD, TN e Tm, respectivamente. Também foram ajustadas equações gerais para estimativa dos valores de TD, TN e Tm em função das temperaturas instantâneas de qualquer horário.

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Marino, Rosanna, Francesca Petrera, Marisanna Speroni, Teresa Rutigliano, Andrea Galli, and Fabio Abeni. "Unraveling the Relationship between Milk Yield and Quality at the Test Day with Rumination Time Recorded by a PLF Technology." Animals 11, no. 6 (2021): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061583.

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The study aimed to estimate the components of rumination time (RT) variability recorded by a neck collar sensor and the relationship between RT and milk composition. Milk test day (TD) and RT data were collected from 691 cows in three farms. Daily RT data of each animal were averaged for 3, 7, and 10 days preceding the TD date (RTD). Variance component analysis of RTD, considering the effects of farm, cow, parity, TD date, and lactation phase, showed that a farm, followed by a cow, had major contributions to the total variability. The RT10 variable best performed on TD milk yield and quality records across models by a multi-model inference approach and was adopted to study its relationship with milk traits, by linear mixed models, through a 3-level stratification: low (LRT10 ≤ 8 h/day), medium (8 h/day < MRT10 ≤ 9 h/day), and high (HRT10 > 9 h/day) RT. Cows with HRT10 had greater milk, fat, protein, casein, and lactose daily yield, and lower fat, protein, casein contents, and fat to protein ratio compared to MRT10 and LRT10. Higher percentages of saturated fatty acid and lower unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acid were found in HRT10, with respect to LRT10 and MRT10 observations.

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Mussi, Fernanda Carneiro, Andreia Santos Mendes, Tassia Lacerda de Queiroz, Ana Lúcia Siqueira Costa, Álvaro Pereira, and Bruno Caramelli. "Pre-hospital delay in acute myocardial infarction: judgement of symptoms and resistance to pain." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 60, no. 1 (2014): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.60.01.014.

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Objective To estimate the time of decision (TD) to look for medical care and the time of arrival (TA) at the health service for men (M) and women (W) suffering from acute myocardial infarction and to analyze the influence of the interpretation of pain and pain resistance behaviors during these times. Methods This is an exploratory research, performed at the university hospital in Salvador/Bahia. 43 W and 54 M were interviewed. To study the dependence among sociodemographic and gender variables, the Fisher Exact Test was used. To analyze times, a geometric mean (GM) was used. In order to verify the association between the GM of TD and TA and the judgment of pain, and between the GM of TD and TA and the behavior of resistance to pain, as well as to test the time of interaction between the gender variable and other variables of interest, the robust regression model was used. The statistical significance adopted was 5%. Results The GM of the TD for M was 1.13 h; for W, 0.74 h. The GM of the TA was 1.74 h for M and 1.47 h for W. Those who did not recognize the symptoms of AMI and presented behavior of resistance to pain had higher TD and TA, being the associations significant. Gender did not change the associations of interest. Conclusion The findings demonstrate the importance of health education aiming at the benefits of early treatment.

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Girijesh, Kumar. "A Prospective Cohort Study Determining the Characteristics and Patterns of Drug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 12, no. 10 (2022): 228–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11453332.

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Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the characteristics and patterns of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: The present prospective cohort study was conducted for the period of 2 years. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient participating in the study. Results: A total of 300 drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients with a median age of 28.2 years comprised the study group. Of them, 200 (66.67%) were males and 100 (33.33%) were females with median ages of 29.1 and 26.4 years, respectively. Most of the patients, 183 (61%), belonged to the age group of 20–44 years. A total of 41.66%, 10%, and 13.33% of MDR/RR-TB, XDR-TB, and H-mono/poly- DR-TB patients, respectively, had treatment outcomes declared as cured. Thus, a higher cure rate was reported for MDR/RR-TB patients than XDR-TB and H-mono/poly-DR- TB patients. It was also noted that 13.46%, 10%, and 80% of MDR/RR-TB, XDR- TB, and H-mono/poly-DR-TB patients, respectively, were declared as having treatment completed. Thus, more treatment outcomes as treatment completed were recorded in H- mono/poly-DR-TB patients. A greater incidence of death was observed in XDR-TB patients in comparison to MDR/RR-TB patients. No death and treatment failure was reported for H-mono/poly-DR-TB patients. Conclusion: Gender, literacy, co-infection, diabetes mellitus, alcohol intake, smoking habit, low body mass index and poverty have a significant impact on the treatment outcome of drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Interventions are needed to reduce the number of treatment failures, deaths, loss of follow-ups and transferred out cases.

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Tostmann, Alma, Charles M. Mtabho, Hadija H. Semvua, et al. "Pharmacokinetics of First-Line Tuberculosis Drugs in Tanzanian Patients." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 7 (2013): 3208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02599-12.

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ABSTRACTEast Africa has a high tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality, yet there are very limited data on exposure to TB drugs in patients from this region. We therefore determined the pharmacokinetic characteristics of first-line TB drugs in Tanzanian patients using intensive pharmacokinetic sampling. In 20 adult TB patients, plasma concentrations were determined just before and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h after observed drug intake with food to estimate the areas under the curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0–24) and peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Acetylator status for isoniazid was assessed phenotypically using the isoniazid elimination half-life and the acetylisoniazid/isoniazid metabolic ratio at 3 h postdose. The geometric mean AUC0–24s were as follows: isoniazid, 11.0 h · mg/liter; rifampin, 39.9 h · mg/liter; pyrazinamide, 344 h · mg/liter; and ethambutol, 20.2 h · mg/liter. TheCmaxwas below the reference range for isoniazid in 10/19 patients and for rifampin in 7/20 patients. In none of the patients were theCmaxs for pyrazinamide and ethambutol below the reference range. Elimination half-life and metabolic ratio of isoniazid gave discordant phenotyping results in only 2/19 patients. A substantial proportion of patients had an isoniazid and/or rifampinCmaxbelow the reference range. Intake of TB drugs with food may partly explain these low drug levels, but such a drug intake reflects common practice. The finding of low TB drug concentrations is concerning because low concentrations have been associated with worse treatment outcome in several other studies.

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Zide, Amy N., Stephen C. Jones, Alan S. Litsky, and Nina R. Kieves. "A Cadaveric Evaluation of Pin and Tension Band Configuration Strength for Tibial Tuberosity Osteotomy Fixation." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 33, no. 01 (2019): 009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693968.

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Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the load at failure and mode of failure of four constructs used to stabilize a tibial tuberosity osteotomy, including two vertically aligned pins (V), two horizontally aligned pins (H), two vertically aligned pins with a tension band wire (V-TB) and two horizontally aligned pins with a tension band wire (H-TB). Study Design Eighteen pairs of cadaveric tibiae were randomized to receive a TB or no TB. One limb was randomized to be in the H or V group. The contralateral limb was then assigned to the opposite configuration. One pair of limbs was used as a control. A tensile force was applied to the patellar ligament until construct failure. Results There was no significant difference between the mean load at failure of the H (595 N) and V (556 N) groups or between H-TB (1032 N) and V-TB groups (1034 N) (p = 0.487 and p = 0.238, respectively). The TB constructs were significantly stronger than the pin only constructs (p < 0.001). The mode of failure was similar for the pin only constructs, regardless of pin orientation. The TB constructs and control tibias failed at similar loads, most commonly by patellar ligament rupture. Conclusion The use of vertically aligned pins versus horizontally aligned pins does not affect construct strength. These results support the placement of pins in a vertically or horizontally aligned fashion. When performing a tibial tuberosity osteotomy, the addition of a TB adds significant strength to the construct.

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Kozak, W., C. A. Conn, J. J. Klir, G. H. Wong, and M. J. Kluger. "TNF soluble receptor and antiserum against TNF enhance lipopolysaccharide fever in mice." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 269, no. 1 (1995): R23—R29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.1.r23.

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We tested the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) soluble receptor (sTNFR) and anti-TNF serum (anti-TNF) administered intraperitoneally on fever induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Both agents have been shown to block bioactivity of mouse TNF-alpha. Core temperature (Tb) and locomotor activity in unrestrained mice were measured by biotelemetry. Within 1 h from the LPS injection (2.5 mg/kg ip) Tb decreased below normal for 5-6 h and motor activity was depressed for the following 48 h. After this initial reduction, Tb increased and reached a peak at approximately 24 h postinjection. Anti-TNF and sTNFR blocked this "hypothermic phase" after LPS, and the fevers started sooner; however, the levels and time of peak temperature did not change markedly. In addition, a human recombinant TNF-alpha given intraperitoneally abolished fever and prolonged the fall of Tb in mice after LPS. We conclude that the reduction of Tb soon after injection of LPS in mice is dependent on TNF-alpha.

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Bischof, Steven M., Brian G. Hashiguchi, Kapil S. Lokare, Niles Gunsalus, Mohammed Yousufuddin, and Roy A. Periana. "Iridium(iii) catalyzed trifluoroacetoxylation of aromatic hydrocarbons." RSC Adv. 4, no. 67 (2014): 35639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra06251e.

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A tridentate, NNC-tb (where NNC-tb = 2-(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[h]quinoline) ligated IrIII complex (NNC-tb)Ir(Ph)(4-MePy)(TFA), 11 along with analogues are very active for CH activation as evidenced by rapid catalytic H/D exchange between benzene and trifluoroacetic acid – d1 (DTFA).

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36

Förg, Katharina, and Henning A. Höppe. "Synthesis, crystal structure, optical and thermal properties of lanthanide hydrogen-polyphosphates Ln[H(PO3)4] (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho)." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 44 (2015): 19163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt02648b.

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Lanthanide hydrogen-polyphosphates Ln[H(PO3)4] (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho) as well as Dy[H(PO3)4]:M (M = Ce, Eu) were synthesised as colourless (Ln = Tb, Dy) and light pink (Ln = Ho) crystalline powders by reaction of Tb4O7/Dy2O3/Ho2O3 with H3PO3 at 380 °C.

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37

Tang, I.-Hsiung, Dean M. Murakami, and Charles A. Fuller. "Effects of square-wave and simulated natural light-dark cycles on hamster circadian rhythms." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 276, no. 4 (1999): R1195—R1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.4.r1195.

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Circadian rhythms of activity (Act) and body temperature (Tb) were recorded from male Syrian hamsters under square-wave (LDSq) and simulated natural (LDSN, with dawn and dusk transitions) light-dark cycles. Light intensity and data sampling were under the synchronized control of a laboratory computer. Changes in reactive and predictive onsets and offsets for the circadian rhythms of Act and Tb were examined in both lighting conditions. The reactive Act onset occurred 1.1 h earlier ( P < 0.01) in LDSN than in LDSq and had a longer α-period (1.7 h; P < 0.05). The reactive Tb onset was 0.7 h earlier ( P < 0.01) in LDSN. In LDSN, the predictive Act onset advanced by 0.3 h ( P < 0.05), whereas the Tb predictive onset remained the same as in LDSq. The phase angle difference between Act and Tb predictive onsets decreased by 0.9 h ( P < 0.05) in LDSN, but the offsets of both measures remained unchanged. In this study, animals exhibited different circadian entrainment characteristics under LDSq and LDSN, suggesting that gradual and abrupt transitions between light and dark may provide different temporal cues.

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38

Grippiotti, Luca. "The protection of Harmont & Blaine’s dachshund in a recent decision of the Milan Court of First Instance." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 17, no. 4 (2022): 333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpac021.

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Abstract The Milan Court of First Instance ruled in favour of Harmont & Blaine (H&B) and its stylized logo trade marks of a dachshund depicted in profile, in the context of non-infringement proceedings brought by Thom Browne Inc and Thom Browne Retail Italy Srl (also TB and TBRI) against H&B. TB and TBRI were using several stylized dachshunds in profile as distinctive sign arguing that they were different from H&B’s dachshund and also stating that the image of such a dachshund could not be, in any case, monopolized. The court recognized the similarity between H&B’s trade marks and TB and TBRI’s logos since they were reproducing the H&B trade mark’s core, ie the stylized logo of a dachshund.

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39

Bishop, B., G. Silva, J. Krasney, et al. "Circadian rhythms of body temperature and activity levels during 63 h of hypoxia in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279, no. 4 (2000): R1378—R1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.4.r1378.

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The hypothermic response of rats to only brief (∼2 h) hypoxia has been described previously. The present study analyzes the hypothermic response in rats, as well as level of activity (La), to prolonged (63 h) hypoxia at rat thermoneutral temperature (29°C). Mini Mitter transmitters were implanted in the abdomens of 10 adult Sprague-Dawley rats to continuously record body temperature (Tb) and La. After habituation for 7 days to 29°C and 12:12-h dark-light cycles, 48 h of baseline data were acquired from six control and four experimental rats. The mean Tb for the group oscillated from a nocturnal peak of 38.4 ± 0.18°C (SD) to a diurnal nadir of 36.7 ± 0.15°C. Then the experimental group was switched to 10% O2 in N2. The immediate Tb response, phase I, was a disappearance of circadian rhythm and a fall in Tb to 36.3 ± 0.52°C. In phase II, Tb increased to a peak of 38.7 ± 0.64°C. In phase III, Tb gradually decreased. At reoxygenation at the end of the hypoxic period, phase IV, Tb increased 1.1 ± 0.25°C. Before hypoxia, La decreased 70% from its nocturnal peak to its diurnal nadir and was entrained with Tb. With hypoxia La decreased in phase I to essential quiescence by phase II. La had returned, but only to a low level in phase III, and was devoid of any circadian rhythm. La resumed its circadian rhythm on reoxygenation. We conclude that 63 h of sustained hypoxia 1) completely disrupts the circadian rhythms of both Tb and La throughout the hypoxic exposure, 2) the hypoxia-induced changes in Tb and La are independent of each other and of the circadian clock, and 3) the Tb response to hypoxia at thermoneutrality has several phases and includes both hypothermic and hyperthermic components.

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40

Mikuła, Robert, Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek, Marta Ignatowicz-Stefaniak, Paweł Antoni Kołodziejski, Paweł Maćkowiak, and Włodzimierz Nowak. "The effect of propylene glycol delivery method on blood metabolites in dairy cows." Acta Veterinaria Brno 89, no. 1 (2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb202089010019.

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Four dairy cows in a positive energy balance were used to study the effect of propylene glycol supplementation variants on blood indices. The treatments were: without glycol, glycol mixed with the total mixed ration (TMR), glycol delivered as top dressing (TD), and glycol administered as an oral drench (OD). Oral drenching had the positive effect of higher blood insulin concentration 1.5 and 2.5 h after supplementation compared to the TD method (P ≤ 0.05). Glycol supplemented as TD had the negative effect of higher concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) 3.5 h after supplementation (P ≤ 0.05) with a trend towards a higher mean concentration of this marker (P ≤ 0.1). A decreasing tendency was recorded for the NEFA concentration 1.5 h after glycol supplementation with TMR or OD (P ≤ 0.1). Glycol supplemented as OD had the positive effect of lowering the β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration 1.5 and 2.5 h after feeding (P ≤ 0.05). A downward trend in the mean β-hydroxybutyric acid level after glycol delivery as OD was also observed (P ≤ 0.1). Glycol supplemented as TD had the negative effect of decreasing dry matter intake of the diet (P ≤ 0.05). Glycol supplemented as OD had a more glucogenic effect than as part of the TMR. Due to reduction of dry matter intake and the lowest glucogenic effect, using glycol as TD is unjustified. The results confirm that the best method of propylene glycol administration is OD, which can be useful in the prevention of ketosis, however, it should be confirmed in a long-term experiment covering the transition and early lactation periods.

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41

Chen, I.-Chun, Chia-Ling Chen, Chih-Hao Chang, et al. "Task-Rate-Related Neural Dynamics Using Wireless EEG to Assist Diagnosis and Intervention Planning for Preschoolers with ADHD Exhibiting Heterogeneous Cognitive Proficiency." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 5 (2022): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050731.

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This study used a wireless EEG system to investigate neural dynamics in preschoolers with ADHD who exhibited varying cognitive proficiency pertaining to working memory and processing speed abilities. Preschoolers with ADHD exhibiting high cognitive proficiency (ADHD-H, n = 24), those with ADHD exhibiting low cognitive proficiency (ADHD-L, n = 18), and preschoolers with typical development (TD, n = 31) underwent the Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test and wireless EEG recording under different conditions (rest, slow-rate, and fast-rate task). In the slow-rate task condition, compared with the TD group, the ADHD-H group manifested higher delta and lower beta power in the central region, while the ADHD-L group manifested higher parietal delta power. In the fast-rate task condition, in the parietal region, ADHD-L manifested higher delta power than those in the other two groups (ADHD-H and TD); additionally, ADHD-L manifested higher theta as well as lower alpha and beta power than those with ADHD-H. Unlike those in the TD group, the delta power of both ADHD groups was enhanced in shifting from rest to task conditions. These findings suggest that task-rate-related neural dynamics contain specific neural biomarkers to assist clinical planning for ADHD in preschoolers with heterogeneous cognitive proficiency. The novel wireless EEG system used was convenient and highly suitable for clinical application.

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42

Dodds, Karen L., Malcolm B. Perry, and Ian J. McDonald. "Alterations in lipopolysaccharide produced by chemostat-grown Escherichia coli O157:H7 as a function of growth rate and growth-limiting nutrient." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, no. 5 (1987): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-075.

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 was grown in chemostats as continuous cultures at different controlled growth rates and under different nutrient limitations to determine the effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure. LPS from whole cells and extracted using the hot aqueous phenol method was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) and by gel filtration after hydrolysis with acetic acid. At low growth rates under glucose limitation (D = 0.1 h−1, doubling time (td), approx. 416 min; or D = 0.4 h−1, td, approx. 104 min), E. coli O157 produced high molecular weight LPS identical to that previously characterized from cells grown in batch culture. At a high growth rate (D = 0.8 h−1, td, approx. 52 min), the ratio of high molecular weight LPS to low molecular weight LPS produced greatly decreased. A small amount of high molecular weight LPS, containing O-polysaccharide which lacked amino sugars, and which thus was chemically different from that previously characterized, was produced by the cells at high growth rates. The predominant form of LPS from these cells was of slightly higher molecular weight than rough LPS, probably S–R LPS, and it consistently formed aggregates on SDS–PAGE. This form of LPS was also predominant when E. coli O157 was grown under Mg2+ limitation at an intermediate growth rate (D = 0.4 h−1, td, approx. 104 min).

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43

Ray, A. D., A. J. Roberts, S. D. Lee, et al. "Exercise delays the hypoxic thermal response in rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 95, no. 1 (2003): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00057.2003.

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Exercise exacerbates acute mountain sickness. In infants and small mammals, hypoxia elicits a decrease in body temperature (Tb) [hypoxic thermal response (HTR)], which may protect against hypoxic tissue damage. We postulated that exercise would counteract the HTR and promote hypoxic tissue damage. Tb was measured by telemetry in rats ( n = 28) exercising or sedentary in either normoxia or hypoxia (10% O2, 24 h) at 25°C ambient temperature (Ta). After 24 h of normoxia, rats walked at 10 m/min on a treadmill (30 min exercise, 30 min rest) for 6 h followed by 18 h of rest in either hypoxia or normoxia. Exercising normoxic rats increased Tb (°C) vs. baseline (39.68 ± 0.99 vs. 38.90 ± 0.95, mean ± SD, P < 0.05) and vs. sedentary normoxic rats (38.0 ± 0.09, P < 0.05). Sedentary hypoxic rats decreased Tb (36.15 ± 0.97 vs. 38.0 ± 0.36, P < 0.05) whereas Tb was maintained in the exercising hypoxic rats during the initial 6 h of exercise (37.61 ± 0.55 vs. 37.72 ± 1.25, not significant). After exercise, Tb in hypoxic rats reached a nadir similar to that in sedentary hypoxic rats (35.05 ± 1.69 vs. 35.03 ± 1.32, respectively). Tb reached its nadir significantly later in exercising hypoxic vs. sedentary hypoxic rats (10.51 ± 1.61 vs. 5.36 ± 1.83 h, respectively; P = 0.002). Significantly greater histopathological damage and water contents were observed in brain and lungs in the exercising hypoxic vs. sedentary hypoxic and normoxic rats. Thus exercise early in hypoxia delays but does not prevent the HTR. Counteracting the HTR early in hypoxia by exercise exacerbates brain and lung damage and edema in the absence of ischemia.

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44

Russo, Simone, Elena Cosciani Cunico, Elena Dalzini, et al. "Evaluation of maximum growth rate of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat fresh-cut papaya and melon." International Food Research Journal 30, no. 4 (2023): 953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.30.4.13.

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Listeria monocytogenes has been identified on minimally processed fruit and vegetables, and can transmit a severe foodborne disease through the consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) fresh-cut produce, mostly if the storage conditions are incorrect, and the cold chain is not abided to. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the behaviour of L. monocytogenes in RTE fresh-cut papaya and melon, two low-acid fruits stored in temperature-abuse conditions (10 and 8°C, respectively) during the shelf-life indicated by the producer (7 d). A microbiological challenge test was performed to assess the maximum growth rate (MGR) and the duplication time (Td) of the pathogen, testing three strains separately. We also assessed the behaviour of the indigenous microflora of the fruits. Results demonstrated that papaya and melon were two favourable substrates for L. monocytogenes. The MGR was 0.044 log CFU/g/h with a Td of 6.77 h for papaya, and 0.029 log CFU/g/h with a Td of 10.24 h for melon. The storage of RTE fresh-cut papaya and melon at an abusive temperature above 8°C could encourage the growth of L. monocytogenes with a possible risk to public health.

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45

Zhang, Yajun, Dongmei Hao, Lin Yang, Xiya Zhou, Yiyao Ye-Lin, and Yimin Yang. "Assessment of Features between Multichannel Electrohysterogram for Differentiation of Labors." Sensors 22, no. 9 (2022): 3352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093352.

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Electrohysterogram (EHG) is a promising method for noninvasive monitoring of uterine electrical activity. The main purpose of this study was to characterize the multichannel EHG signals to distinguish between term delivery and preterm birth, as well as deliveries within and beyond 24 h. A total of 219 pregnant women were grouped in two ways: (1) term delivery (TD), threatened preterm labor (TPL) with the outcome of preterm birth (TPL_PB), and TPL with the outcome of term delivery (TPL_TD); (2) EHG recording time to delivery (TTD) ≤ 24 h and TTD > 24 h. Three bipolar EHG signals were analyzed for the 30 min recording. Six EHG features between multiple channels, including multivariate sample entropy, mutual information, correlation coefficient, coherence, direct partial Granger causality, and direct transfer entropy, were extracted to characterize the coupling and information flow between channels. Significant differences were found for these six features between TPL and TD, and between TTD ≤ 24 h and TTD > 24 h. No significant difference was found between TPL_PB and TPL_TD. The results indicated that EHG signals of TD were more regular and synchronized than TPL, and stronger coupling between multichannel EHG signals was exhibited as delivery approaches. In addition, EHG signals propagate downward for the majority of pregnant women regardless of different labors. In conclusion, the coupling and propagation features extracted from multichannel EHG signals could be used to differentiate term delivery and preterm birth and may predict delivery within and beyond 24 h.

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46

Fewell, James E. "Body temperature regulation in rats near term of pregnancy." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 3 (1995): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-046.

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Experiments were carried out to define the effects of pregnancy on body tempreature (Tb) regulation in rats. Tb was measured by biotelemetry in six animals from day 10 of pregnancy (term day 21) to postpartum day 10. Average 24-h Tb decreased from day 15 of gestation to the time of parturition. Furthermore, there was a loss of the normal circadian variation of Tb late in gestation, which was again present by postpartum day 2. The decrease in 24-h Tb on day 15 of gestation resulted from this loss of circadian variation, as Tb did not increase during the dark period. The further decrease in Tb on day 20 of gestation resulted from an overall decrease in Tb during the light and dark periods as well as from a loss of the circadian variation in Tb. Tb increased dramatically within 4 h of birth of the first pup, which always occurred on day 21 during the light period. The mechanisms responsible for these dramatic changes in thermoregulation during late gestation and around the time of parturition are presently unknown.Key words: body temperature, circadian, parturition, pregnancy, rat, thermoregulation.

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47

Steiner, Alexandre A., and Luiz G. S. Branco. "Central CO-heme oxygenase pathway raises body temperature by a prostaglandin-independent way." Journal of Applied Physiology 88, no. 5 (2000): 1607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.5.1607.

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Recently, the carbon monoxide (CO)-heme oxygenase pathway has been shown to play an important role in fever generation by acting on the central nervous system, but the mechanisms involved have not been assessed. Thus the present study was designed to determine whether prostagandins participate in the rise in body temperature (Tb) observed after induction of the CO-heme oxygenase pathway in the central nervous system. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of heme-lysinate (152 nmol/4 μl), which is known to induce the CO-heme oxygenase pathway, caused an increase in Tb [thermal index (TI) = 5.3 ± 0.5°C ⋅ h], which was attenuated by ICV administration of the heme oxygenase inhibitor ZnDPBG (200 nmol/4 μl; TI = 2.5 ± 1.7°C ⋅ h; P < 0.05). No change in Tb was observed after intraperitoneal injection of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mg/kg), whereas indomethacin at the same dose attenuated the fever induced by ICV administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 ng/2 μl) (vehicle/LPS: TI = 4.5 ± 0.5°C ⋅ h; indomethacin/LPS: TI = 1.7 ± 1.0°C ⋅ h; P < 0.05). Interestingly, indomethacin did not affect the rise in Tb induced by heme-lysinate (152 nmol/4 μl) ICV injection (vehicle/heme: TI = 4.5 ± 1.4°C ⋅ h; indomethacin/heme: TI = 4.2 ± 1.0°C ⋅ h). Finally, PGE2 (200 ng/2 μl) injected ICV evoked a rise in Tb that lasted 1.5 h. The heme oxygenase inhibitor ZnDPBG (200 nmol/4 μl) failed to alter PGE2-induced fever. Taken together, these results indicate that the central CO-heme oxygenase pathway increases Tbindependently of prostaglandins.

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48

Min, Joo-Won, Ha-Youn Lee, Ji Sun Lee, et al. "Effect of Prolonged Incubation Time on Results of the QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube Assay for Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 9 (2013): 1377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00290-13.

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ABSTRACTPrevious reports have shown that the sensitivity of the 6-day lymphocyte stimulation test is much higher than those of commercially available gamma interferon release assays (IGRAs). The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of prolonged incubation on the results of the QuantiFERON TB Gold in-tube (QFT-GIT) assay. Patients aged >20 years with suspected tuberculosis (TB) were recruited prospectively from 1 May 2009 to 31 December 2010. In addition, healthy volunteers with no history of TB treatment were included as controls. For each participant, three sets of the QFT-GIT assay were performed using 24-, 48-, and 72-h incubation tests, and the results were compared. Thirty-seven patients with suspected pulmonary TB and 33 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Of the 37 patients with suspected TB, the QFT-GIT assay results were positive for 28 (75.7%) after a 24-h incubation period. After prolonged incubation, the results differed in four (10.8%) of the 37 patients suspected of having TB. Among 27 patients with culture-confirmed TB, the sensitivities of the QFT-GIT assay after the 24-, 48-, and 72-h incubation tests were 85.2%, 81.5%, and 81.5%, respectively. Among the 33 healthy controls, the QFT-GIT assay results were positive in two (6.1%) after a 24-h incubation period. The results changed for two (6.1%) of the 33 healthy controls after prolonged incubation. The specificities of the QFT-GIT assay after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation were 93.9%, 87.9%, and 90.9%, respectively. Prolonging the incubation time did not increase the sensitivity of the QFT-GIT assay. The manufacturer-recommended incubation time of 16 to 24 h should be respected because prolonged incubation can cause indeterminate or false-positive results.

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49

Guimarães, Cristiane Carvalho, José Marcio Rocha Faria, Julio Maia Oliveira, and Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva. "Avaliação da perda da tolerância à dessecação e da quantidade de dna nuclear em sementes de Peltophorum dubium (spreng.) taubert durante e após a germinação." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 33, no. 2 (2011): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222011000200002.

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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a avaliação da perda da tolerância à dessecação (TD) em sementes de Peltophorum dubium durante e após a germinação. As sementes foram colocadas para germinar e, ao atingirem 1, 3 e 5 mm de raiz primária (68% de umidade), foram desidratadas em sílica gel, até atingirem o grau de umidade inicial (8%), sendo em seguida reidratadas e avaliadas quanto à sobrevivência (retomada do crescimento e formação de plântulas normais). Procedimento semelhante foi adotado para os ensaios realizados durante a embebição, onde foram amostradas 100 sementes divididas em quatro repetições de 25 para cada um dos seguintes tempos de embebição: 12, 24, 48, 60 e 72 horas. Em seguida, foram selecionados diferentes pontos de interesse (12, 48 e 60 horas de embebição e raízes primárias com 1 mm de comprimento) para determinação da quantidade de DNA nuclear, afim de analisar possível correlação entre início do ciclo celular e perda da TD. Com relação ao comportamento de sementes germinadas submetidas à secagem e reidratação, para os três comprimentos de raízes primárias amostradas, não houve sobrevivência. Foi observada queda progressiva na sobrevivência de sementes de Peltophorum dubium relacionada ao tempo de embebição, e posterior secagem e reidratação, sugerindo que a perda da TD desta espécie acontece nos estágios iniciais da germinação, antes da protrusão da radícula. Sementes embebidas por 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 60 h, 72 h e aquelas germinadas, com 1 mm de comprimento radicular, apresentaram índices iguais a 98%, 93%, 83%, 35%, 17% e 0% de sobrevivência respectivamente. Os estudos relacionados ao conteúdo de DNA nuclear não demonstram correlação entre retomada do ciclo celular e perda da TD.

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50

McALLISTER, T. A., K. J. CHENG, L. M. RODE, and J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH. "USE OF FORMALDEHYDE TO REGULATE DIGESTION OF BARLEY STARCH." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 2 (1990): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas90-070.

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This study was conducted to determine the effect of formaldehyde treatment of barley on the rate of microbial starch digestion. Ground barley was left untreated (UB) or treated with 0.5% formaldehyde (TB) and incubated in vials with an inoculum consisting of a homogenate of rumen contents and Bryant's anaerobic media (1:1). Separate vials were analyzed for starch, ammonia, pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA) after 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 h. The digestion of starch was lower (P < 0.05) in TB than in UB between 4 and 24 h. Accumulation of NH3 was lower and pH was higher in TB vials (P < 0.05) than in UB vials. VFA production and fermentation efficiency were lower (P < 0.05) in TB than in UB. Formaldehyde treatment of barley reduced (P < 0.05) the production of propionate and enhanced (P < 0.05) the production of butyrate in comparison with UB. Examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the initial colonization of TB was inhibited in comparison with that of UB. The distinct shape of the endosperm cells of TB (12 h) were readily recognizable, but the endosperm cells of UB (12 h) were not readily distinguishable. SEM of TB (24 h) showed that the protein matrix of the endosperm cell is resistant to microbial digestion. The formaldehyde-induced reduction in starch digestion appears to result from the protein matrix inhibiting the access of bacteria to underlying starch granules. Key words: Starch, rumen bacteria, formaldehyde, barley

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Journal articles on the topic 'H- Tb and H-Td'

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Journal articles on the topic 'H- Tb and H-Td'