Academic literature on the topic 'H.V. Allison Galleries'

Adsorption interactions of the bidentate molecules 2,2'-bipyridine and 4,4'-bipyridine with the surfaces of different alumina-pillar interlayered clays have been investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy. These interactions were examined in an attempt to establish a spectroscopic method for the determination of interpillar distances in the galleries of pillared clays. 2,2'-Bipyridine adsorbs in a bidentate C2 v, interaction to single Lewis acid sites on the surfaces of individual pillars and not to adjacent pillars, indicating that the distances between binding sites on adjacent pillars are too great to be successfully probed by this molecule. 4,4'-Bipyridine maintains the D2 h symmetry of the free molecule through interaction with Lewis acid sites on two adjacent pillars simultaneously via both ends of the molecule, thereby exhibiting possible utility as a probe of the interpillar distance. Surface-adsorbed monoprotonated 2,2'-bipyridinium cations are formed through interaction with Brönsted acid sites on the pillared clay surfaces. The IR spectrum of the surface-adsorbed protonated species suggests C2/i transoid symmetry and is presented for the first time.

BackgroundThe clinical success of PD-1- and CTLA-4- immune checkpoint inhibitors highlights the key contribution of immunosuppression to limiting effective anti-tumor responses. However, as many patients do not respond to anti-PD1 or CTLA4 therapy1-3 novel therapeutics that target additional immune-suppressive mechanisms are needed. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) inhibit immune responses in the tumor microenvironment via multiple suppressive mechanisms.4 5 Existing Treg-targeting agents lack specificity for intratumoral Tregs and can also deplete effector cells, a property that has likely contributed to the lack of clinical activity observed to date. CCR8 (C-C chemokine receptor 8) is selectively expressed on highly activated intratumoral Tregs, its high expression correlates with poor prognosis in multiple human tumor types6 7 and depletion of CCR8+ Tregs in preclinical models elicited potent anti-tumor activity. These observations provided rationale for the development of a CCR8-specific human depleting antibody.MethodsHuman FOXP3 and CCR8 expression was correlated across multiple tumor types using TCGA datasets and expression of CCR8 evaluated in primary tumor explants and PBMCs by flow cytometry. The efficacy of anti-CCR8 antibody treatment was evaluated in the MC38 and CT26 murine tumor models. The depletion of Tregs following anti-CCR8 treatment was assessed by flow cytometry. Flow cytometric-based binding assays were performed using cell lines expressing human or cynomolgus CCR8. Purified human NK cells were co-cultured with CCR8+ target cells and flow cytometry used to evaluate antibody-dependent killing activity.ResultsCCR8 expression was highly correlated with FoxP3 across multiple cancer subtypes and was low to absent on effector T cells. Importantly, CCR8 was not detected on any peripheral human leukocyte subset. In murine tumor models, anti-CCR8 antibody treatment reduced tumor growth in a dose- and Fc-gamma-receptor-dependent manner and resulted in complete regressions and the development of memory. Tumor shrinkage was associated with a reduction in intratumoral Tregs and increased representation of intratumoral CD8 T cells. FPA157 is a highly specific human and cynomolgus crossreactive CCR8 antibody that does not bind closely related chemokine receptors. FPA157 was engineered to enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (eADCC) and elicited potent NK-mediated killing of target cells expressing CCR8 at levels observed on human intratumoralTregs.ConclusionsFPA157 is a CCR8-specific monoclonal antibody with eADCC activity that is being developed for the treatment of cancer. Depletion of CCR8+ Tregs induced substantial anti-tumor activity in pre-clinical models, thus supporting the clinical evaluation of FPA157 as a novel approach to alleviate immune suppression in the microenvironment of human solid tumors.ReferencesHellmann MD, Ciuleanu TE, Pluzanski A, Lee JS, Otterson GA, Audigier-Valette C, Minenza E, Linardou H, Burgers S, Salman P, Borghaei H, Ramalingam SS, Brahmer J, Reck M, O’Byrne KJ, Geese WJ, Green G, Chang H, Szustakowski J, Bhagavatheeswaran P, Healey D, Fu Y, Nathan F, Paz-Ares L. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in lung cancer with a high tumor mutational burden. N Engl J Med 2018;378(22):2093-2104.Wolchok JD, Chiarion-Sileni V, Gonzalez R, Rutkowski P, Grob JJ, Cowey CL, Lao CD, Wagstaff J, Schadendorf D, Ferrucci PF, Smylie M, Dummer R, Hill A, Hogg D, Haanen J, Carlino MS, Bechter O, Maio M, Marquez-Rodas I, Guidoboni M, McArthur G, Lebbé C, Ascierto PA, Long GV, Cebon J, Sosman J, Postow MA, Callahan MK, Walker D, Rollin L, Bhore R, Hodi FS, Larkin J. Overall survival with combined nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. N Engl J Med 2017;377(14):1345-1356.Motzer RJ, Tannir NM, McDermott DF, Arén Frontera O, Melichar B, Choueiri TK, Plimack ER, Barthélémy P, Porta C, George S, Powles T, Donskov F, Neiman V, Kollmannsberger CK, Salman P, Gurney H, Hawkins R, Ravaud A, Grimm MO, Bracarda S, Barrios CH, Tomita Y, Castellano D, Rini BI, Chen AC, Mekan S, McHenry MB, Wind-Rotolo M, Doan J, Sharma P, Hammers HJ, Escudier B; CheckMate 214 Investigators. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2018 Apr 5;378(14):1277-1290.Teng MW, Ngiow SF, von Scheidt B, McLaughlin N, Sparwasser T, Smyth MJ. Conditional regulatory T-cell depletion releases adaptive immunity preventing carcinogenesis and suppressing established tumor growth [published correction appears in Cancer Res. 2010; 70(23):10014]. Cancer Res 2010;70(20):7800-7809.Simpson TR, Li F, Montalvo-Ortiz W, Sepulveda MA, Bergerhoff K, Arce F, Roddie C, Henry JY, Yagita H, Wolchok JD, Peggs KS, Ravetch JV, Allison JP, Quezada SA. Fc-dependent depletion of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells co-defines the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 therapy against melanoma. J Exp Med 2013;210(9):1695-710.Plitas G, Konopacki C, Wu K, Bos PD, Morrow M, Putintseva EV, Chudakov DM, Rudensky AY. Regulatory T cells exhibit distinct features in human breast cancer. Immunity 2016;45(5):1122-1134.De Simone M, Arrigoni A, Rossetti G, Gruarin P, Ranzani V, Politano C, Bonnal RJP, Provasi E, Sarnicola ML, Panzeri I, Moro M, Crosti M, Mazzara S, Vaira V, Bosari S, Palleschi A, Santambrogio L, Bovo G, Zucchini N, Totis M, Gianotti L, Cesana G, Perego RA, Maroni N, Pisani Ceretti A, Opocher E, De Francesco R, Geginat J, Stunnenberg HG, Abrignani S, Pagani M. Transcriptional landscape of human tissue lymphocytes unveils uniqueness of tumor-infiltrating T regulatory cells. Immunity 2016;45(5):1135-1147.

BackgroundV-domain Ig suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA) is a negative checkpoint regulator of T cell response.1 VISTA is expressed within the tumor microenvironment, where its blockade can enhance antitumor immune responses.2 Furthermore, an increase in VISTA expression has been reported after treatment by anti-PD1/L1 and anti-CTLA4.3,4 This confirms that VISTA may play a key role as a mechanism of resistance to the currently used immunotherapies. VISTA/PSGL1 pH-selective biochemical interaction has been recently demonstrated.5 VISTA and PSGL1 expression pattern, their correlation and their relationship to myeloid infiltrates have been evaluated in samples from patients with solid tumors. K01401-020 (W0180) is a novel anti-VISTA antibody that has the potential to activate T cells when given as a monotherapy6, and thus to generate added activity when combined with anti-PD1/L1 antibodies in cancer patients.MethodsThis phase I/Ib for W0180 consists of 2 parts: an initial dose escalation phase I followed by an expansion cohorts phase Ib. In the dose escalation phase, 2 cohorts of patients will be assessed in parallel: the first cohort will be given W0180 as a single agent and the second cohort will receive W0180 in combination with pembrolizumab. The first dose and the schedule of administration of W0180 in combination with pembrolizumab will be determined using safety and pharmacokinetic data generated in monotherapy. The phase I will allow to determine the Maximum Tolerated Dose and Schedule (MTDS), to characterize Dose-Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) and explore pharmacodynamic activity of W0180 in monotherapy and combination with pembrolizumab. The dose-toxicity relationships will support the dose escalation process and will be used to assess the MTDS and recommended doses for expansion. Following completion of the dose escalation phase, the expansion phase will enroll cohorts of patients with homogeneous tumors to validate the dose/schedule, assess preliminary activity and to explore the potential relationship with VISTA and PSGL1 expression.ResultsN/AConclusionsN/ATrial RegistrationN/AEthics ApprovalThe study was approved by National French Ethic committee (CPP Ile de France V) and National Spanish Ethic committee (Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica de Navarra) and was registered in the European database (EudraCT: 2019-002299-15).ConsentN/AReferencesWang L, Rubinstein R, Lines JL, Wasiuk A, Ahonen C, Guo Y, Lu LF, Gondek D, Wang Y, Fava RA, Fiser A, Almo S, Noelle RJ, VISTA, a novel mouse Ig superfamily ligand that negatively regulates T cell responses. J Exp Med 2011;208:577–92.Lines JL, Pantazi E, Mak J, Sempere LF, Wang L, O’Connell S, Ceeraz S, Suriawinata AA, Yan S, Ernstoff MS, Noelle R, VISTA is an immune checkpoint molecule for human T cells. Cancer Res 2014;74:1924–32.Gao J, Ward JF, Pettaway CA, Shi LZ, Subudhi SK, Vence LM, Zhao H, Chen J, Chen H, Efstathiou E, Troncoso P, Allison JP, Logothetis CJ, Wistuba II, Sepulveda MA, Sun J, Wargo J, Blando J, Sharma P, VISTA is an inhibitory immune checkpoint that is increased after ipilimumab therapy in patients with prostate cancer. Nat Med 2017;23:551–555.Kakavand H, Jackett LA, Menzies AM, Gide TN, Carlino MS, Saw RPM, Thompson JF, Wilmott JS, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Negative immune checkpoint regulation by VISTA: a mechanism of acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in metastatic melanoma patients. Mod Pathol 2017;30:1666–1676.Johnston RJ, Su LJ, Pinckney J, Critton D, Boyer E, Krishnakumar A, Corbett M, Rankin AL, Dibella R, Campbell L, Martin GH, Lemar H, Cayton T, Huang RY, Deng X, Nayeem A, Chen H, Ergel B, Rizzo JM, Yamniuk AP, Dutta S, Ngo J, Shorts AO, Ramakrishnan R, Kozhich A, Holloway J, Fang H, Wang YK, Yang Z, Thiam K, Rakestraw G, Rajpal A, Sheppard P, Quigley M, Bahjat KS, Korman AJ, VISTA is an acidic pH-selective ligand for PSGL-1. Nature 2019;574:565–570Libon C, Vandenberghe I, Marlin R, Gros W, Leonec M, Gomez-Pacheco M, Gallouet M, Fraboul F, Mahfoudi A, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Ferré P, K0401-020 anti-VISTA antibody monotherapy increases specific CD8 T cell response in non-human primates. AACR Annual meeting 2020.

-Sidney W. Mintz, Paget Henry ,C.L.R. James' Caribbean. Durham: Duke University Press, 1992. xvi + 287 pp., Paul Buhle (eds)-Allison Blakely, Jan M. van der Linde, Over Noach met zijn zonen: De Cham-ideologie en de leugens tegen Cham tot vandaag. Utrecht: Interuniversitair Instituut voor Missiologie en Oecumenica, 1993. 160 pp.-Helen I. Safa, Edna Acosta-Belén ,Researching women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Boulder CO: Westview, 1993. x + 201 pp., Christine E. Bose (eds)-Helen I. Safa, Janet H. Momsen, Women & change in the Caribbean: A Pan-Caribbean Perspective. Bloomington: Indiana University Press; Kingston: Ian Randle, 1993. x + 308 pp.-Paget Henry, Janet Higbie, Eugenia: The Caribbean's Iron Lady. London: Macmillan, 1993. 298 pp.-Kathleen E. McLuskie, Moira Ferguson, Subject to others: British women writers and Colonial Slavery 1670-1834. New York: Routledge, 1992. xii + 465 pp.-Samuel Martínez, Senaida Jansen ,Género, trabajo y etnia en los bateyes dominicanos. Santo Domingo: Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, Programa de Estudios se la Mujer, 1991. 195 pp., Cecilia Millán (eds)-Michiel Baud, Roberto Cassá, Movimiento obrero y lucha socialista en la República Dominicana (desde los orígenes hasta 1960). Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1990. 620 pp.-Paul Farmer, Robert Lawless, Haiti's Bad Press. Rochester VT: Schenkman Press, 1992. xxvii + 261 pp.-Bill Maurer, Karen Fog Olwig, Global culture, Island identity: Continuity and change in the Afro-Caribbean Community of Nevis. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1993. xi + 239 pp.-Viranjini Munasinghe, Kevin A. Yelvington, Trinidad Ethnicity. Knoxville: University of Tennesee Press, 1993. vii + 296 pp.-Kevin K. Birth, Christine Ho, Salt-water Trinnies: Afro-Trinidadian Immigrant Networks and Non-Assimilation in Los Angeles. New York: AMS Press, 1991. xvi + 237 pp.-Steven Gregory, Andrés Isidoro Pérez y Mena, Speaking with the dead: Development of Afro-Latin Religion among Puerto Ricans in the United States. A study into the Interpenetration of civilizations in the New World. New York: AMS Press, 1991. xvi + 273 pp.-Frank Jan van Dijk, Mihlawhdh Faristzaddi, Itations of Jamaica and I Rastafari (The Second Itation, the Revelation). Miami: Judah Anbesa Ihntahnah-shinahl, 1991.-Derwin S. Munroe, Nelson W. Keith ,The Social Origins of Democratic Socialism in Jamaica. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1992. xxiv + 320 pp., Novella Z. Keith (eds)-Virginia Heyer Young, Errol Miller, Education for all: Caribbean Perspectives and Imperatives. Washington DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 1992. 267 pp.-Virginia R. Dominguez, Günter Böhm, Los sefardíes en los dominios holandeses de América del Sur y del Caribe, 1630-1750. Frankfurt: Vervuert, 1992. 243 pp.-Virginia R. Dominguez, Robert M. Levine, Tropical diaspora: The Jewish Experience in Cuba. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1993. xvii + 398 pp.-Aline Helg, John L. Offner, An unwanted war: The diplomacy of the United States and Spain over Cuba, 1895-1898. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992. xii + 306 pp.-David J. Carroll, Eliana Cardoso ,Cuba after Communism. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1992. xiii + 148 pp., Ann Helwege (eds)-Antoni Kapcia, Ian Isadore Smart, Nicolás Guillén: Popular Poet of the Caribbean. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1990. 187 pp.-Sue N. Greene, Moira Ferguson, The Hart Sisters: Early African Caribbean Writers, Evangelicals, and Radicals. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993. xi + 214 pp.-Michael Craton, James A. Lewis, The final campaign of the American revolution: Rise and fall of the Spanish Bahamas. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1991. xi + 149 pp.-David Geggus, Clarence J. Munford, The black ordeal of slavery and slave trading in the French West Indies, 1625-1715. Lewiston NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991. 3 vols. xxii + 1054 pp.-Paul E. Sigmund, Timothy P. Wickham-Crowley, Guerillas and Revolution in Latin America: A comparative Study of Insurgents and Regimes since 1956. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992. xx + 424 pp.-Robert E. Millette, Patrick A.M. Emmanuel, Elections and Party Systems in the Commonwealth Caribbean, 1944-1991. St. Michael, Barbados: Caribbean Development Research Services, 1992. viii + 111 pp.-Robert E. Millette, Donald C. Peters, The Democratic System in the Eastern Caribbean. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1992. xiv + 242 pp.-Pedro A. Cabán, Arnold H. Liebowitz, Defining status: A comprehensive analysis of United States Territorial Relations. Boston & Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1989. xxii + 757 pp.-John O. Stewart, Stuart H. Surlin ,Mass media and the Caribbean. New York: Gordon & Breach, 1990. xviii + 471 pp., Walter C. Soderlund (eds)-William J. Meltzer, Antonio V. Menéndez Alarcón, Power and television in Latin America: The Dominican Case. Westport CT: Praeger, 1992. 199 pp.

YIELD OF CONILON COFFEE UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION MANAGEMENTS MATHEUS GASPAR SCHWAN1; PEDRO HENRIQUE STEILL DE OLIVEIRA2; GABRIELA MARIA AMARAL VALLIM COSTA3; ALLISON QUEIROZ DE OLIVEIRA4; LUCAS ROSA PEREIRA5 E EDVALDO FIALHO DOS REIS6 1 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Alto Universitário, s/n, caixa postal 16, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre - ES, Brasil, schwan.matheus@gmail.com 2 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Alto Universitário, s/n, caixa postal 16, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre - ES, Brasil, pedrosteill@gmail.com 3 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Alto Universitário, s/n, caixa postal 16, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre - ES, Brasil, gmavc2912@gmail.com 4 Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 235, 13418-900 134, Piracicaba – SP, Brasil, allison.queiroz@usp.br 5 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Alto Universitário, s/n, caixa postal 16, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre - ES, Brasil, lucasrosapereira@hotmail.com 6 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Alto Universitário, s/n, caixa postal 16, Guararema, 29500-000, Alegre - ES, Brasil, efialhodosreis@gmail.com 1 ABSTRACT Water deficit is one of the main problems in the development of coffee culture. To obtain better productivity and quality, the practice of irrigation is adopted by producers worldwide. However, when this practice is not managed properly, cultivated plants may have different responses. Thus, this experiment aimed to evaluate the yield of conilon coffee under irrigated conditions, irrigated with a deficit of 50% of the culture evapotranspiration and non-irrigated. The experiment was conducted in a 3 x 13 split plot scheme, with the irrigation management factor at 3 levels and the clone factor at 13 levels. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and when significant compared using tests of means. Analyzing the effect of the irrigation management factor, it is possible to observe that there was no statistical difference between the levels irrigated with 50% of ETc and non-irrigated. At the level irrigated with 100% ETc, and the best value of yield was observed. The values closest to the average of the variety were obtained by clones V1, V5, V8, V9, V11, V12 and V13. Keywords: Evapotranspiration; Coffeea Canephora; Productivity. SCHWAN, M. G.; OLIVEIRA, P. H. S.; COSTA, G. M. A. V.; OLIVEIRA, A. Q.; PEREIRA, L. R.; REIS, E. F.; RENDIMENTO DO CAFEEIRO CONILON SOB DIFERENTES MANEJOS DE IRRIGAÇÃO 2 RESUMO O déficit hídrico é um dos principais problemas no desenvolvimento do cafeeiro. Para obter melhor produtividade e qualidade, a prática da irrigação é adotada por produtores em todo mundo. Entretanto, quando esta prática não é manejada de forma adequada as plantas cultivadas podem apresentar diferentes respostas. Com isso, objetivou-se nesse experimento a avaliação do rendimento do cafeeiro conilon em condições irrigadas, irrigadas com déficit de 50% da evapotranspiração da cultura e sem irrigação. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 3 x 13, com o fator manejo da irrigação em 3 níveis e o fator clone em 13 níveis. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância e quando significativos comparados utilizando testes de médias. Analisando o efeito do fator manejo da irrigação é possível observar que não ocorreu diferença estatística entre os níveis irrigado com 50% da ETc e sem irrigação. No nível irrigado com 100% da ETc foi observado o melhor valor de rendimento. Os valores mais próximos da média da variedade foram obtidos pelos clones V1, V5, V8, V9, V11, V12 e V13. Keywords: Evapotranspiração; Coffeea Canephora; Produtividade

Objetivo: Esse estudo objetivou investigar percepções de estudantes de Odontologia quanto ao medo e à ansiedade em relação ao manejo de pacientes e ao risco de infecção por COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: Esse estudo transversal envolveu todos os alunos regularmente matriculados em Odontologia, no primeiro semestre de 2020, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Um questionário foi aplicado, coletando dados demográficos, nível de formação e perguntas relacionadas ao medo e ansiedade frente à pandemia de COVID-19. Quatro comparações de acordo com a fase da graduação (fase pré-clínica ou clínica), nível de graduação e pós-graduação e de acordo com os sexos foram feitas. Análises independentes para as comparações entre os sexos foram realizadas para os alunos de graduação e de pós-graduação (α<5%). Resultados: Foram incluídos 408 estudantes. Na graduação, mulheres relataram sentirem-se mais ansiosas ao realizar tratamento em pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19 (54%) e sentem mais medo ao ouvir que a infecção tem causado mortes (92,4%), na pós-graduação, responderam ser mais nervosas para conversar com pacientes em ambientes fechados em comparações com homens (P<0,05). Alunos em fase pré-clínica possuem significativamente menor receio (65,5%), ansiedade (32,3%) e nervosismo (28,3%) do contágio do COVID-19 quando comparados com aqueles na fase clínica. Conclusões: Mulheres e alunos na fase clínica apresentam maior ansiedade e nervosismo. Descritores: Ansiedade; Estudantes de Odontologia; Medo; Infecções por Coronavírus. Referências Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. [Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020;40(2):171-176. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19- 11 March 2020. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Acesso em: 8 de novembro de 2020. Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F, Scarlata S, Agrò FE. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020;288(2):192-206. Chen E, Lerman K, Ferrara E. Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19273. Iyer P, Aziz K, Ojcius DM. Impact of COVID-19 on dental education in the United States. J Dent Educ. 2020;84(6):718-722. Meng L, Hua F, Bian Z. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emerging and Future Challenges for Dental and Oral Medicine. J Dent Res. 2020;99(5):481-487. Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):9. Machado RA, Bonan PRF, Perez DEDC, Martelli Júnior H. COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on dental education: discussing current and future perspectives. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34:e083. Ataş O, Talo Yildirim T. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and clinical education of dental students about COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9575. Deery C. The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for dental education. Evid Based Dent. 2020;21(2):46-47. Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. Int J Med Educ. 2017;8:179-186. Elani HW, Allison PJ, Kumar RA, Mancini L, Lambrou A, Bedos C. A systematic review of stress in dental students. J Dent Educ. 2014; 78(2):226-42. Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7541. Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z. Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2821. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, di Bernardo A, Capelli F, Pacitti F. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):137-44. Mijiritsky E, Hamama-Raz Y, Liu F, Datarkar AN, Mangani L, Caplan J, Shacham A, Kolerman R, Mijiritsky O, Ben-Ezra M, Shacham M. Subjective Overload and Psychological Distress among Dentists during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5074. Rymarowicz J, Stefura T, Major P, Szeliga J, Wallner G, Nowakowski M, Pędziwiatr M. General surgeons' attitudes towards COVID-19: A national survey during the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak. Eur Surg. 2020;1-6. Adams JG, Walls RM. Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic. JAMA. 2020;323(15):1439-40. Naz N, Iqbal S, Mahmood A. Stress, anxiety and depression among the dental students of university college of medicine and dentistry Lahore; Pakistan. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2017;11(4):1277-81. Waqas A, Iftikhar A, Malik Z, Aedma KK, Meraj H, Naveed S. Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study. Global Psychiatry. 2019;2(2):211-20. Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2020;1-10. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, Chen-Li D, Iacobucci M, Ho R, Majeed A, McIntyre RS. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55-64. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, Wu L, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu W. 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This study aimed to explore the perceived barriers to physical activity among college students Study Design: Qualitative research design Eight focus group discussions on 67 college students aged 18-24 years (48 females, 19 males) was conducted on College premises. Data were analysed using inductive approach. Participants identified a number of obstacles to physical activity. Perceived barriers emerged from the analysis of the data addressed the different dimensions of the socio-ecological framework. The result indicated that the young adults perceived substantial amount of personal, social and environmental factors as barriers such as time constraint, tiredness, stress, family control, safety issues and much more. Understanding the barriers and overcoming the barriers at this stage will be valuable. Health professionals and researchers can use this information to design and implement interventions, strategies and policies to promote the participation in physical activity. This further can help the students to deal with those barriers and can help to instil the habit of regular physical activity in the later adult years.