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Journal articles on the topic 'H51'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Mehrotra, Santosh. "An Alternative Fiscal Package to Mitigate India’s COVID Economic Crisis." Indian Economic Journal 69, no. 3 (2021): 553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194662211021366.

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This article examines briefly why the Indian economy was slowing pre-pandemic. It further argues that India’s lockdown caused an unprecedented economic crisis; worse, India’s economic policy response was poor in its overall architecture in terms of the balance between fiscal and monetary policy measures. It does this not only for India but compares it to the international evidence on peer country government response, with superior consequences in the latter. It argues that had the fiscal response been more commensurate with the depth of the crisis and at least somewhat comparable to that of em

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2

Barbosa, Pedro Mendes Rufino. "Estados de bem-estar do Leste Asiático: uma análise das transformações após os anos 2000*." Economia e Sociedade 33, no. 1 (2024): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-3533.2024v33n1art02.

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Resumo Este artigo oferece uma análise sobre as transformações qualitativas nos Estados de bem-estar do Leste Asiático a partir dos anos 2000. Primeiro, distingo os legados institucionais à luz das tipologias formuladas na literatura: “desenvolvimentistasinclusivos” (Japão e Coreia do Sul)”; os “individualistas” (China, Hong Kong, Malásia e Singapura) e os “incipientes” (Filipinas, Indonésia, Tailândia e Vietnã). Argumento que o primeiro grupo aprofundou o processo de expansão de suas políticas sociais, sob uma abordagem universalista, mas reconfigurou a articulação entre política industrial e

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3

Pramesti, Made Praba Utami, I. Nyoman Mahaendra Yasa, and I. Wayan Wenagama. "PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, ANGGARAN PENDIDIKAN DAN ANGGARAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI KABUPATEN KARANGASEM." E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana 11, no. 7 (2022): 2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eep.2022.v11.i07.p08.

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Kesejahteraan masyarakat merupakan cerminan dari keberhasilan pembangunan suatu daerah. IPM merupakan salah satu variabel yang digunakan untuk mengukur kesejahteraan masyarakat. IPM Karangasem menduduki posisi terendah, menyebabkan kesejahteraan masyarakat tergolong rendah yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor pertumbuhan ekonomi, anggaran pendidikan dan anggaran kesehatan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, anggaran pendidikan dan anggaran kesehatan secara simultan dan parsial terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kabupaten Karangasem dengan data sekunder tahun 2005-2019. M

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Koryakov, Dmitry E., Igor F. Zhimulev, and Patrizio Dimitri. "Cytogenetic Analysis of the Third Chromosome Heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 160, no. 2 (2002): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/160.2.509.

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Abstract Previous cytological analysis of heterochromatic rearrangements has yielded significant insight into the location and genetic organization of genes mapping to the heterochromatin of chromosomes X, Y, and 2 of Drosophila melanogaster. These studies have greatly facilitated our understanding of the genetic organization of heterochromatic genes. In contrast, the 12 essential genes known to exist within the mitotic heterochromatin of chromosome 3 have remained only imprecisely mapped. As a further step toward establishing a complete map of the heterochomatic genetic functions in Drosophil

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Muryani, Muryani, and Agna Amalia. "IMPACT OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE, EDUCATION, HEALTH AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT TOWARDS INDONESIA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH: LEVEL OF 33 PROVINCES." AFEBI Economic and Finance Review 3, no. 02 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/aefr.v3i02.204.

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<p><em>Economic growth is the most important factor to gain successful long-term development. The economy growth factors are road infrastructure, education, health, and foreign direct investment. This study analyzes the influence of road infrastructure, education, health and foreign direct investment on economic growth of 33 provinces in Indonesia in 2010-2016. This study uses panel data regression method and uses STATA 14 software. The regression estimation results showed that simultaneously road infrastructure, education, health, and foreign direct investment had an effect on eco

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Clemens, Jeffrey. "Regulatory Redistribution in the Market for Health Insurance." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 7, no. 2 (2015): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20130169.

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Community-rating regulations equalize the insurance premiums faced by the healthy and the unhealthy. Intended reductions in the unhealthy's premiums can be undone, however, if the healthy forgo coverage. The severity of this adverse selection problem hinges largely on how health care costs are distributed across market participants. Theoretically, I show that Medicaid expansions can combat adverse selection by removing high cost individuals from the relevant risk pool. Empirically, I find that private coverage rates improved significantly in community-rated markets when states expanded Medicai

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Deryugina, Tatyana. "The Fiscal Cost of Hurricanes: Disaster Aid versus Social Insurance." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9, no. 3 (2017): 168–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20140296.

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Little is known about the fiscal costs of natural disasters, especially regarding social safety nets that do not specifically target extreme weather events. This paper shows that US hurricanes lead to substantial increases in non-disaster government transfers, such as unemployment insurance and public medical payments, in affected counties in the decade after a hurricane. The present value of this increase significantly exceeds that of direct disaster aid. This implies, among other things, that the fiscal costs of natural disasters have been significantly underestimated and that victims in dev

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8

Frakes, Michael, and Jonathan Gruber. "Defensive Medicine: Evidence from Military Immunity." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 11, no. 3 (2019): 197–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180167.

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We estimate the extent of defensive medicine by physicians, embracing the no-liability counterfactual made possible by the structure of liability rules in the Military Health System. Active-duty patients seeking treatment from military facilities cannot sue for harms resulting from negligent care, while protections are provided to dependents treated at military facilities and to all patients— active duty or not—that receive care from civilian facilities. Drawing on this variation and exploiting exogenous shocks to care location choices stemming from base-hospital closures, we find suggestive e

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Hembram, Sulekha, Souparna Maji, and Sushil Kr Haldar. "Club Convergence among the Major Indian States During 1982–2014: Does Investment in Human Capital Matter?" South Asia Economic Journal 20, no. 2 (2019): 184–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561419850300.

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The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of ‘club convergence’ in respect of income among 15 major states in India during 1982–2014 using Markov chain along with stochastic kernel. The distributional dynamics observed among the major states support the process of ‘club convergence’. The empirical findings prove the hypotheses that economies that are similar in their structural characteristics and initial per capita income levels will converge with each other in per capita terms in the long run. The present study empirically re-establishes the hypotheses of ‘low-level equilibr

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10

Frakes, Michael D., Jonathan Gruber, and Timothy Justicz. "Public and Private Options in Practice: The Military Health System." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 15, no. 4 (2023): 37–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210625.

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Recent debates over health care reform, including in the context of the Military Health System (MHS) and Veterans Administration, highlight the dispute between public and private provision of health care services. Using novel data on childbirth claims from the MHS and drawing on the combination of plausibly exogenous patient moves and heterogeneity across bases in the availability of base hospitals, we identify the impact of receiving obstetrical care on versus off military bases. We find evidence that off-base care is associated with slightly greater resource intensity, but also notably bette

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Gunawan, Untung, Slamet Ibrahim, Atthar Luqman Ivansyah, and Sophi Damayanti. "Theoretical insight and molecular recognition of fluconazole molecularly imprinted polymers: a combined computational and experimental analysis." RSC Advances 15, no. 24 (2025): 19158–75. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ra03211c.

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Analysis of fluconazole and 39 monomers for MIP design showed 2-acrylamido-1-ethanesulfonic acid as the optimal monomer in chloroform. QTAIM, NBO, and NCI-RDG analyses revealed the key hydrogen bond between H51 and N33 in the complex formation.

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Tamura, Koichiro, Katsuya Uenoyama, Shuhei Iitsuka, and Yutaka Matsuo. "Model for Evaluation of Stock Values by Ensemble Model Using Deep Learning." Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence 33, no. 1 (2018): A—H51_1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1527/tjsai.a-h51.

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Matsumoto, Brett. "Detecting Potential Overbilling in Medicare Reimbursement via Hours Worked: Comment." American Economic Review 110, no. 12 (2020): 3991–4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180812.

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Fang and Gong (2017) develop a procedure to detect potential over-billing of Medicare by physicians. In their empirical analysis, they use aggregated claims data that can overstate the number of services performed due to features of Medicare billing. In this comment, I show how auditors can use detailed claims-level data to better target improper overbilling. (JEL H51, I13, I18, J22, J44)

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Abdul Wahab, Abdul Azeez Oluwanisola, and Zurina Kefeli. "Modeling the Effect of Healthcare Expenditure and Education Expenditure on Labour Productivity: A Study on OIC Countries." Journal of Business and Economics Review (JBER) Vol.2(2) Apr-Jun 2017 2, no. 2 (2017): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2017.2.2(5).

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Objective - The possibility of healthcare expenditure and education expenditure are becoming a thought-provoking issue for numerous governments globally, in spite of the fact that healthcare is unique and vital rudiments of well-being. On the other hand, education is the strength and spinal column of ground-breaking thoughts. Nevertheless, with an ageing population and ballooning protracted health difficulties, the preservation of the quality of life demands improved healthcare and education expenditure on the part of government. However, this study scrutinizes the effect of healthcare expendi

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Hoe, Thomas P. "Does Hospital Crowding Matter? Evidence from Trauma and Orthopedics in England." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 14, no. 2 (2022): 231–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180672.

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This paper estimates the impact of hospital crowding on medical treatment decisions and patient health outcomes. Exploiting pseudorandom variation in emergency admissions, I find that a one-standard-deviation admission shock increases the unplanned readmission rate by 4.1 percent. Nonparametric and heterogeneity analyses suggest that “quicker and sicker” discharges contribute to the additional readmissions. The crowding impacts are larger in hospital departments with fewer beds, sicker patients, and stronger incentives to admit nonemergency patients. (JEL H51, I11, I12, I18)

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Artmann, Elisabeth, Hessel Oosterbeek, and Bas van der Klaauw. "Do Doctors Improve the Health Care of Their Parents? Evidence from Admission Lotteries." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 14, no. 3 (2022): 164–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20190629.

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To assess the importance of unequal access to medical expertise and services, we estimate the causal effects of having a child who is a doctor on parents' mortality and health care use. We use data from parents of almost 22,000 participants in admission lotteries to medical school in the Netherlands. Our findings indicate that informal access to medical expertise and services is not an important cause of differences in health care use and mortality. (JEL H51, I11, I12, I14, I18)

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Mario, Coccia. "Country Risk to Face Global Emergencies: Negative Effects of High Public Debt on Health Expenditures and Fatality Rate in COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis." IgMin Research 2, no. 7 (2024): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.61927/igmin214.

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Risk is a variation of performance in the presence of events and it can negatively impact socioeconomic system of countries. Statistical evidence here shows that high public debt reduces health expenditures over time and increases the vulnerability and risk of European countries to face health emergencies, such as COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Overall, then, findings suggest that high public debt weakens healthcare and socioeconomic system of countries to cope with crises, such as COVID-19 pandemic, conflicts, natural disasters, etc. JEL Codes: I18; H12; H51; H60; H63

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18

Hjort, Jonas, Mikkel Sølvsten, and Miriam Wüst. "Universal Investment in Infants and Long-Run Health: Evidence from Denmark’s 1937 Home Visiting Program." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 9, no. 4 (2017): 78–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20150087.

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This paper examines the long-run health effects of a universal infant health intervention, the 1937 Danish home visiting program, which targeted all infants. Using administrative population data and exploiting variation in the timing of implementation across municipalities, we find that treated individuals enjoy higher age-specific survival rates during middle age (45–64), experience fewer hospital nights, and are less likely to be diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. These results suggest that an improved nutrition and disease environment in infancy “programmed” individuals for lower predis

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Persson, Petra, Xinyao Qiu, and Maya Rossin-Slater. "Family Spillover Effects of Marginal Diagnoses: The Case of ADHD." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 17, no. 2 (2025): 225–56. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20230303.

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The health care system uses patient family medical history in many settings, and this practice is widely believed to improve the efficiency of health care allocation. This paper provides a counterpoint by documenting that reliance on hereditary information can amplify the misallocation of low-value care. We study Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and show that reliance on family medical history generates a “snowball effect”—the propagation of an original marginal diagnosis to a patient’s relatives. This snowball effect raises the private and social costs of low-value care. (JEL H51, I12

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Verazulianti, Verazulianti, Taufiq Carnegie Dawood, and Teuku Zulham. "How important are health and education in boosting sub-national economic growth?" Journal of Socioeconomics and Development 4, no. 1 (2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsed.v4i1.1762.

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Development of the global economy is marked by increasing attention towards the health sector due to Covid-19 outbreak. This research contributes by examining how important is health and education for provincial economic growth, and connect it with foreign direct investments, and infrastructure spending. Taking Indonesia as a case study, and employing GMM and Fixed Effects methods, the analysis found that improving health and education outcomes are key for sub-national economic growth. However, foreign direct investment, domestic direct investment and public spending on infrastructure failed t

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Wanninayake, Shalini Dananja, Michael O’Donnell, and Sue Williamson. "COVID-19 and job demands and resources experienced by nurses in Sri Lanka." Economic and Labour Relations Review 33, no. 1 (2022): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10353046221077509.

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Sri Lanka has a history of successfully managing communicable diseases by utilising its extensive public healthcare network of community clinics and public hospitals. This article makes use of Job Demands-Resources theory (JD-R) to examine the impact of COVID-19 on nurses’ working conditions in public and private hospitals in Sri Lanka. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses’ job demands on public hospital wards included long working hours, limited workplace autonomy, minimal medical resources and high workloads caused by understaffing. Private hospital nurses experienced pressure from patient

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Blanco, Miguel, Jesús E. Blanco, Ghizlane Dahbi та ін. "Typing of intimin (eae) genes from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea in Montevideo, Uruguay: identification of two novel intimin variants (μB and ξR/β2B)". Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, № 9 (2006): 1165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46518-0.

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A total of 71 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strains isolated from children with diarrhoea in Montevideo, Uruguay, were characterized in this study. PCR showed that 57 isolates carried eae and bfp genes (typical EPEC strains), and 14 possessed only the eae gene (atypical EPEC strains). These EPEC strains belonged to 21 O : H serotypes, including eight novel serotypes not previously reported among human EPEC in other studies. However, 72 % belonged to only four serotypes: O55 : H− (six strains), O111 : H2 (13 strains), O111 : H− (14 strains) and O119 : H6 (18 strains). Nine intimin ty

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Goodman-Bacon, Andrew. "The Long-Run Effects of Childhood Insurance Coverage: Medicaid Implementation, Adult Health, and Labor Market Outcomes." American Economic Review 111, no. 8 (2021): 2550–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20171671.

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This paper estimates the long-run effects of childhood Medicaid eligibility on adult health and economic outcomes using the program’s original introduction ( 1966–1970) and its mandated coverage of welfare recipients. The design compares cohorts born in different years relative to Medicaid implementation, in states with different preexisting welfare-based eligibility. Early childhood Medicaid eligibility reduces mortality and disability, increases employment, and reduces receipt of disability transfer programs up to 50 years later. Medicaid has saved the government more than its original cost

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Cutler, David M., Kaushik Ghosh, Kassandra L. Messer, Trivellore Raghunathan, Allison B. Rosen, and Susan T. Stewart. "A Satellite Account for Health in the United States." American Economic Review 112, no. 2 (2022): 494–533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20201480.

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This paper develops a satellite account for the US health sector and measures productivity growth in health care for the elderly population between 1999 and 2012. We measure the change in medical spending and health outcomes for a comprehensive set of 80 conditions. Medical care has positive productivity growth over the time period, with aggregate productivity growth of 1.5 percent per year. However, there is significant heterogeneity in productivity growth. Care for cardiovascular disease has had very high productivity growth. In contrast, care for people with musculoskeletal conditions has b

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Decarolis, Francesco. "Medicare Part D: Are Insurers Gaming the Low Income Subsidy Design?" American Economic Review 105, no. 4 (2015): 1547–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20130903.

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This paper shows how in Medicare Part D insurers' gaming of the subsidy paid to low-income enrollees distorts premiums and raises the program cost. Using plan-level data from the first five years of the program, I find multiple instances of pricing strategy distortions for the largest insurers. Instrumental variable estimates indicate that the changes in a concentration index measuring the manipulability of the subsidy can explain a large share of the premium growth observed between 2006 and 2011. Removing this distortion could reduce the cost of the program without worsening consumer welfare.

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De Nardi, Mariacristina, Eric French, and John Bailey Jones. "Medicaid Insurance in Old Age." American Economic Review 106, no. 11 (2016): 3480–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140015.

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The old age provisions of the Medicaid program were designed to insure retirees against medical expenses. We estimate a structural model of savings and medical spending and use it to compute the distribution of lifetime Medicaid transfers and Medicaid valuations across currently single retirees. Compensating variation calculations indicate that current retirees value Medicaid insurance at more than its actuarial cost, but that most would value an expansion of the current Medicaid program at less than its cost. These findings suggest that for current single retirees, the Medicaid program may be

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Eliason, Paul J., Paul L. E. Grieco, Ryan C. McDevitt, and James W. Roberts. "Strategic Patient Discharge: The Case of Long-Term Care Hospitals." American Economic Review 108, no. 11 (2018): 3232–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20170092.

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Medicare’s prospective payment system for long-term acute-care hospitals (LTCHs) provides modest reimbursements at the beginning of a patient’s stay before jumping discontinuously to a large lump-sum payment after a prespecified number of days. We show that LTCHs respond to the financial incentives of this system by disproportionately discharging patients after they cross the large-payment threshold. We find this occurs more often at for-profit facilities, facilities acquired by leading LTCH chains, and facilities colocated with other hospitals. Using a dynamic structural model, we evaluate co

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Fang, Hanming, and Qing Gong. "Detecting Potential Overbilling in Medicare Reimbursement via Hours Worked: Reply." American Economic Review 110, no. 12 (2020): 4004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191970.

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Matsumoto (2020) pointed out data and coding errors in Fang and Gong (2017). We show that these errors have limited impacts: all qualitative findings remain after correcting them. Matsumoto also discussed potential service overcounting in the aggregated utilization data we used to illustrate our method, and then quantified the extent of overcounting with a sample of Medicare claims. We acknowledge the issue but discuss the noise and the bias in his quantification. Overall, our proposed method remains useful, as regulators who are interested in applying the method are unlikely to be subject to

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Dranove, David, Christopher Ody, and Amanda Starc. "A Dose of Managed Care: Controlling Drug Spending in Medicaid." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13, no. 1 (2021): 170–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20190165.

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We study the effect of privatizing Medicaid drug benefits on drug prices and utilization. Drug spending would decrease by 21.3 percent if private insurers administered all drug benefits. One-third of the decrease is driven by private insurers’ ability to negotiate prices with pharmacies. The remaining two-thirds is driven by the greater use of lower cost drugs, such as generics, and is only realized in states that give private insurers the flexibility to design drug benefits. Privatization does not reduce prescriptions per enrollee and spending cuts are smaller for drugs that lower medical spe

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Carey, Colleen M., Sarah Miller, and Laura R. Wherry. "The Impact of Insurance Expansions on the Already Insured: The Affordable Care Act and Medicare." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12, no. 4 (2020): 288–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20190176.

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Some states have not adopted the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions due to concerns that the expansions may impair access to care and utilization for those who are already insured. We investigate such negative spillovers using a large panel of Medicare beneficiaries. Across many subgroups and outcomes, we find no evidence that the expansions reduced utilization among Medicare beneficiaries and can rule out all but very small changes in utilization or spending. These results indicate that the expansions in Medicaid did not impair access to care or utilization for the Medicare populat

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Gruber, Jonathan, Nathaniel Hendren, and Robert M. Townsend. "The Great Equalizer: Health Care Access and Infant Mortality in Thailand." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 6, no. 1 (2014): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.6.1.91.

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This paper analyzes Thailand’s 2001 healthcare reform, “30 Baht.” The program increased funding available to hospitals to care for the poor and reduced copays to 30 Baht (~$0.75). Our estimates suggest the supply-side funding of the program increased healthcare utilization, especially among the poor. Moreover, we find significant impacts on infant mortality. Prior to 30 Baht, poorer provinces had significantly higher infant mortality rates than richer provinces. After 30 Baht, this correlation evaporates to zero. The results suggest that increased access to healthcare among the poor can signif

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Alexander, Diane, and Molly Schnell. "The Impacts of Physician Payments on Patient Access, Use, and Health." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 16, no. 3 (2024): 142–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20210227.

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We examine how supply-side health insurance generosity affects patient access, use, and health. Exploiting large, exogenous changes in Medicaid reimbursement rates for physicians, we find that increasing payments for new patient office visits reduces reports of providers turning away beneficiaries: closing the gap in payments between Medicaid and private insurers would reduce more than half of disparities in access among adults and would eliminate such disparities among children. We further find that higher physician reimbursement leads to more office visits, better self-reported health, and r

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Dupas, Pascaline, and Radhika Jain. "Women Left Behind: Gender Disparities in Utilization of Government Health Insurance in India." American Economic Review 114, no. 10 (2024): 3345–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20230521.

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We document large gender disparities within a government program that entitles 46 million poor individuals to free hospital care. We show that care is not free in practice and higher costs are associated with larger disparities. Lowering care costs increases female utilization but does not reduce gender disparities because marginal beneficiaries are as likely to be male as inframarginals. Long-term exposure to local female leaders reduces disparities by addressing factors lowering female care. In the presence of gender bias, subsidizing social services may fail to address gender inequalities w

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Yurukoglu, Ali, Eli Liebman, and David B. Ridley. "The Role of Government Reimbursement in Drug Shortages." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9, no. 2 (2017): 348–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160035.

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Beginning in the mid-2000s, the incidence of drug shortages rose, especially for generic injectable drugs such as anesthetics and chemotherapy treatments. We examine whether reimbursement changes contributed to the shortages, focusing on a reduction in Medicare Part B reimbursement to providers for drugs. We hypothesize that lower reimbursement put downward pressure on manufacturers' prices, which reduced manufacturers' incentives to invest in capacity, reliability, and new launches. We show that after the policy change, shortages rose more for drugs with higher shares of patients insured by M

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Antwi, Yaa Akosa, Asako S. Moriya, and Kosali Simon. "Effects of Federal Policy to Insure Young Adults: Evidence from the 2010 Affordable Care Act's Dependent-Coverage Mandate." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 5, no. 4 (2013): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.5.4.1.

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Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), we study the health insurance and labor market implications of the recent Affordable Care Act (ACA) provision that allows dependents to remain on parental policies until age 26. Our comparison of outcomes for young adults aged 19–25 with those who are older and younger, before and after the law, shows a high take-up of parental coverage, resulting in substantial reductions in uninsurance and other forms of coverage. We also find preliminary evidence of increased labor market flexibility in the form of reduced work hours. (J

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Ramos-Toro, Diego. "Social Exclusion and Social Preferences: Evidence from Colombia’s Leper Colony." American Economic Review 113, no. 5 (2023): 1294–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20201332.

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This paper explores the intergenerational consequences of social exclusion on prosociality. A lab-in-the-field approach in the historical region of Colombia’s leper colony reveals that descendants of socially excluded individuals are locally altruistic and extend such altruism to outsiders who have undergone similar circumstances. These individuals also display mistrust toward those who have, historically, been exclusionary—in this case, doctors. The content of historical narratives shared by ancestors who were excluded, which emphasize the endured mistreatment and doctors’ historical misinfor

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Alsan, Marcella, and Sarah Eichmeyer. "Experimental Evidence on the Effectiveness of Nonexperts for Improving Vaccine Demand." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 16, no. 1 (2024): 394–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210393.

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We experimentally vary signals and senders to identify which combination will increase vaccine demand among a disadvantaged population in the United States—Black and White men without a college education. Our main finding is that laypeople (nonexpert concordant senders) are most effective at promoting vaccination, particularly among those least willing to become vaccinated. This finding points to a trade-off between the higher qualifications of experts on the one hand and the lower social proximity to low-socioeconomic-status populations on the other hand, which may undermine credibility in se

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Arias, Jonas E., Jesús Fernández-Villaverde, Juan F. Rubio-Ramírez, and Minchul Shin. "The Causal Effects of Lockdown Policies on Health and Macroeconomic Outcomes." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 15, no. 3 (2023): 287–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20210367.

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We assess the causal impact of pandemic-induced lockdowns on health and macroeconomic outcomes and measure the trade-off between containing the spread of a pandemic and economic activity. To do so, we estimate an epidemiological model with time-varying parameters and use its output as information for estimating SVARs and LPs that quantify the causal effects of nonpharmaceutical policy interventions. We apply our approach to Belgian data for the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020. We find that additional government-mandated mobility curtailments would have reduced deaths at a very small cost in term

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Doyle, Joseph J., and Becky Staiger. "Physician Group Influences on Treatment Intensity and Health: Evidence from Physician Switchers." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 17, no. 2 (2025): 471–505. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20220555.

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Treatment intensity varies remarkably across physicians, and physicians are increasingly working in groups. This paper tests whether group affiliation impacts physicians’ treatment intensity and patient health. Using Medicare inpatient claims data, we focus on internists who switch groups within the same hospital. Event studies show that internists who join more-intensive groups immediately increase their own intensity, with an elasticity of 0.27. This change is reflected in higher Medicare spending due to higher-priced services. We do not detect a change in health outcomes, suggesting that tr

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Costantini, Sydney. "How Do Mental Health Treatment Delays Impact Long-Term Mortality?" American Economic Review 115, no. 5 (2025): 1672–707. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20240226.

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With a growing mental health crisis and a shortage of behavioral health specialists, those seeking mental health treatment often face long wait times to obtain care. I study how clinic congestion affects mortality for veterans experiencing mental health emergencies. I find that longer waiting times make it more likely that patients miss their follow-up mental health visit, consequently increasing the probability that they permanently disengage from care. A 1 standard deviation increase in wait time between the emergency department visit and follow-up appointment date (11.7 days) increases two-

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Dong, Van Quyen, Thi Lanh Pham, and Kim Oanh Nguyen. "Isolation and characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> associated with diarrhea in chickens and ducks in Hai Phong province." Academia Journal of Biology 46, no. 3 (2024): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2615-9023/20228.

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Colibacillosis is an intestinal tract infection in poultry caused by Escherichia coli. It is one of the leading causes of mortality and results in significant economic losses for the poultry farming sector due to its high incidence rate. Recently, E. coli has been considered a predominant bacterial pathogen that is responsible for diarrhea and bloodstream infections in chickens and ducks in Vietnam. In this study, E. coli strains associated with diarrhea were isolated from chicken and duck feces and intestines collected from poultry farms in Hai Phong province using a Macconkey selective mediu

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Leite-Moreira, Adelino F., and Jorge Correia-Pinto. "Load as an acute determinant of end-diastolic pressure-volume relation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 1 (2001): H51—H59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.1.h51.

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Afterload-induced changes in myocardial relaxation are a mechanism for diastolic dysfunction when afterload is elevated beyond certain limits. The present study investigated the effects of acute afterload and preload changes on the position of the end-diastolic (ED) pressure-volume (P-V) relation. Beat-to-beat afterload elevations were induced in seven open-chest rabbits by gradually occluding the ascending aorta to increase peak left ventricular pressure (LVP) from baseline to isovolumetric level. Afterload elevations were performed at three ED LVP: 2.0 ± 0.2 (low), 5.7 ± 0.2 (mid), and 9.6 ±

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Tobias, A. H., B. K. Slinker, R. D. Kirkpatrick, and K. B. Campbell. "Functional effects of EMD-57033 in isovolumically beating isolated rabbit hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271, no. 1 (1996): H51—H58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.1.h51.

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The results of isolated myocyte and cardiac muscle experiments indicate that inotropic agents that increase responsiveness of myofilaments to Ca2+ (so-called Ca2+ sensitizers) may prolong myocardial contraction and increase diastolic tone, but the importance of these effects in the whole heart is unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of the Ca2+ sensitizer EMD-57033 (EMD) on left ventricular (LV) contractile events and passive properties in isovolumically beating isolated rabbit hearts that were buffer perfused at 30 degrees C. Several LV pressure and timing variables were evaluated, incl

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Litwin, S. E., T. E. Raya, R. G. Gay, et al. "Chronic inhibition of fatty acid oxidation: new model of diastolic dysfunction." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 258, no. 1 (1990): H51—H56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.258.1.h51.

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This study was designed to determine the changes in the heart that result from inhibition of long-chain fatty acid oxidation with 2-tetradecylglycidic acid (TDGA). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 64) were treated with TDGA (20 mg.kg-1.day-1) or a comparable volume of vehicle by gavage feeding for 7 or 21 days. In conscious rats TDGA produced no changes in heart rate, left ventricular systolic or end-diastolic pressures, left ventricular pressure development (dP/dt), or the time constant of left ventricular relaxation. Left ventricular developed pressure was not changed at 21 days. TDGA increased

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Gupta, Atul. "Impacts of Performance Pay for Hospitals: The Readmissions Reduction Program." American Economic Review 111, no. 4 (2021): 1241–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20171825.

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US policy increasingly ties payments for providers to performance on quality measures, though little empirical evidence guides the design of such incentives. I deploy administrative data to study a large federal program that penalizes hospitals with high readmissions rates. Using policy-driven variation in the penalty incentive across hospitals for identification, I find that hospital responses to the penalty account for two-thirds of the observed decrease in readmissions over this period, as well as a decrease in heart attack mortality. Quality improvement accounts for about one-half of the d

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Lurie, Ithai Z., Daniel W. Sacks, and Bradley Heim. "Does the Individual Mandate Affect Insurance Coverage? Evidence from Tax Returns." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13, no. 2 (2021): 378–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180619.

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We estimate the effect of the ACA’s individual mandate on insurance coverage using regression discontinuity and regression kink designs with tax return data. We have four key results. First, the actual penalty paid per uninsured month is less than half the statutory amount. Second, nonetheless, we find visually clear and statistically signifi-cant responses to both extensive margin exposure to the mandate and to marginal increases in the mandate penalty. Third, we find substantial heterogeneity in who responds; men are especially responsive. Fourth, our estimates imply fairly small quantitativ

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Fajgelbaum, Pablo D., Amit Khandelwal, Wookun Kim, Cristiano Mantovani, and Edouard Schaal. "Optimal Lockdown in a Commuting Network." American Economic Review: Insights 3, no. 4 (2021): 503–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20200401.

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We study optimal dynamic lockdowns against COVID-19 within a commuting network. Our framework integrates canonical spatial epidemiology and trade models and is applied to cities with varying initial viral spread: Seoul, Daegu, and the New York City metropolitan area (NYM). Spatial lockdowns achieve substantially smaller income losses than uniform lockdowns. In the NYM and Daegu—with large initial shocks—the optimal lockdown restricts inflows to central districts before gradual relaxation, while in Seoul it imposes low temporal but large spatial variation. Actual commuting reductions were too w

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Homonoff, Tatiana, and Jason Somerville. "Program Recertification Costs: Evidence from SNAP." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13, no. 4 (2021): 271–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20190272.

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Participants in means-tested programs must periodically document eligibility through a recertification process. If all cases that fail recertification are ineligible, the exact timing of this process should be irrelevant. We find that later recertification interview assignments for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), which leave less time to reschedule missed interviews, decrease recertification success by 22 percent. The consequences of not recertifying due to later interviews are highly skewed: most cases quickly reenroll, while one-quarter remain off SNAP for over a year.

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Banerjee, Abhijit, Amy Finkelstein, Rema Hanna, Benjamin A. Olken, Arianna Ornaghi, and Sudarno Sumarto. "The Challenges of Universal Health Insurance in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia’s National Health Insurance." American Economic Review 111, no. 9 (2021): 3035–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20200523.

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To investigate barriers to universal health insurance in developing countries, we designed a randomized experiment involving about 6,000 households in Indonesia who are subject to a government health insurance program with a weakly enforced mandate. Time-limited subsidies increased enrollment and attracted lower-cost enrollees, in part by reducing the strategic timing of enrollment to correspond with health needs. Registration assistance also increased enrollment, but increased attempted enrollment much more, as over one-half of households who attempted to enroll did not successfully do so. Th

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Heiss, Florian, Daniel McFadden, Joachim Winter, Amelie Wuppermann, and Bo Zhou. "Inattention and Switching Costs as Sources of Inertia in Medicare Part D." American Economic Review 111, no. 9 (2021): 2737–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20170471.

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Consumers’ health plan choices are highly persistent even though optimal plans change over time. This paper separates two sources of inertia, inattention to plan choice and switching costs. We develop a panel data model with separate attention and choice stages, linked by heterogeneity in acuity, i.e., the ability and willingness to make diligent choices. Using data from Medicare Part D, we find that inattention is an important source of inertia but switching costs also play a role, particularly for low-acuity individuals. Separating the two stages and allowing for heterogeneity is crucial for

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