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Journal articles on the topic 'Habitat clé'
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1
Grondin, Pierre, and Jacques Ouzilleau. "Les habitats riverains du sud de la Jamésie, Québec." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 37, no. 3 (November 29, 2007): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032522ar.
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RÉSUMÉ Selon la nature des dépôts, l'amplitude des fluctuations d'eau annuelles et les conditions d'exposition, l'aspect des rives se modifie. Ainsi, dans la partie sud de la Jamésie, neuf « types d'habitats riverains » ont pu être mis en évidence en bordure des lacs et des rivières. Cette étude donne un aperçu global de leur morphologie, de leur végétation et de leur importance relative dans le paysage. Elle insiste sur les principales hydrosères formées à partir des 28 groupements végétaux recensés sur le territoire. Certains groupements s'associent à un seul type de rive alors que d'autres, très répandus, en occupent plusieurs. Un potentiel faunique approximatif, déterminé à partir des observations faites sur le terrain et de la documentation existante, accompagne également la description de chaque habitat riverain. Cette étude présente aussi un côté pratique puisqu'elle fournit une clé d'identification permettant de reconnaître par photo-interprétation les neuf types d'habitats riverains retenus. À l'aide de cette clé et de contrôles terrestres, la cartographie de ces unités devient réalisable, offrant ainsi la possibilité de quantifier l'espace occupé par ces milieux dans un territoire donné. Une synthèse régionale peut par la suite être dégagée sur la base de la représentativité de chaque type d'habitat riverain. Utilisée dans la partie sud de la Jamésie, cette classification pourrait être transposée dans toute autre région dont les caractéristiques biophysiques sont comparables.
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Bédard, Mario. "De l’être-ensemble à l’être-au-monde." Ethnologies 24, no. 2 (June 13, 2003): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006649ar.
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Résumé Le haut-lieu est aujourd’hui un concept-clé alors que tous nos référentiels sont pris à partie. Non seulement il symbolise et incarne la singularité d’un territoire et du mode d’être de ceux qui y vivent mais, relationnel et heuristique, il nourrit et relance ses mêmes habiter, habitat et habitants pour leur restituer la démesure de leur densité spatio-temporelle et le devenir de leur complexion socioculturelle. Donnant corps et raison d’être aux individus et aux lieux qu’ils occupent, le haut-lieu confère ainsi une substance au désir d’être-ensemble et une cohérence au besoin d’être-au-monde qui nous permettent de trouver place dans la société et équilibre dans notre habitus.
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Neme, Salete, and Maria da Conceição Beltrão. "Tupinambá, franceses e portugueses no Rio de Janeiro durante o século XVI." Revista de Arqueologia 7, no. 1 (December 30, 1993): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24885/sab.v7i1.99.
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O estuclo clo contato inte¡étnico ocorriclo na região do Rio cle Janeiro dt¡rante o século XVI parte das ¡>esquisas arqueológicas efetuaclas por Beltrão, tìo que colìcente aos grupos inclígcnas perterìcetìtes ao trol.rco lingiiístico Trrpi-Gnarani qLte se estabelcceralu ali antes cla chegacla clos europeus, e da tese de Mestraclo ern l-Iistória, <la ar¡toria de Nenre, 1990, que trata cla utilização - (lesse lneslno potencial indígena - colno tnñotle- obra quat'rclo <la estnrturação cla ciclade clo Rio cle Janciro. Para observação do contato entre habita¡ttes locais e rcpreseltantes clas socieclacles francesa e portuguesa, entpregantos rnetoclologias ltistórica e arqueológica, recorren(lo ao conceito antropológico <le "fricçâo illterétrrica". Para explicar a ocrìpação territorial Tupi-Guarani, Bcltrão levauta a lripótese de urna estratégia alicerçacla ent unt tripé, cornposto, por sua vez, cle alcleias, acamparnentos e peabinrs.
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STAENTZEL, C., I. COMBROUX, A. BARILLIER, and J. N. BEISEL. "L’étude temporelle des transitions paysagères et de l’hétérogénéité dans la mosaïque d’habitats comme outil d’évaluation des opérations de restauration écologique ? Retours d’expériences et analyse comparative." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 5 (May 20, 2020): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202005015.
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L’augmentation des projets de restauration écologique et le besoin d’évaluation des options techniques retenues motivent le développement d’indicateurs et d’outils suffisamment performants pour statuer quant à l’efficacité d’une opération de restauration. Le potentiel des méthodes d’analyse du paysage est largement sous-utilisé dans le domaine de la restauration malgré le grand intérêt de ces méthodes. Les analyses paysagères permettent de caractériser les transitions d’un paysage entre deux états et ainsi de mieux comprendre les trajectoires évolutives des écosystèmes. Elles fournissent également un cadre comparatif et multiéchelle des transitions pouvant s’opérer selon les projets de restauration écologique réalisés. Cet article a pour objectif 1) de donner un retour d’expérience quant à l’évolution des habitats à la suite des travaux d’injection sédimentaire sur le Vieux Rhin (Rhin supérieur, France), et 2) de replacer ces résultats dans un cadre comparatif avec les résultats issus de travaux d’érosion maîtrisée. Après les deux injections sédimentaires, des transitions majeures se sont produites au sein des habitats semi-aquatiques et aquatiques de la zone d’étude, mais la durabilité des effets en découlant est discutable. L’action des crues a été identifiée comme un facteur clé dans la résilience post-restauration de ces milieux aux invasions biologiques par des plantes aquatiques. À une échelle plus fine, l’hétérogénéité en mésohabitats n’a pas fortement augmenté comme cela a été le cas suite aux travaux d’érosion maîtrisée. Les états post-restaurations se sont avérés être rapidement similaires à l’état prérestauration, dont l’équilibre dynamique était d’ores et déjà équivalent à celui d’un secteur de référence aux caractéristiques naturelles. Pour conclure, l’approche utilisée permet d’évaluer objectivement les conséquences de travaux de restauration. Une utilisation plus large des méthodes mises en oeuvre permettrait de fournir un cadre facilitant l’aide à la décision dans les projets futurs de restauration écologique.
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Lajos, Károly, Orsolya Császár, Miklós Sárospataki, Ferenc Samu, and Ferenc Tóth. "Linear woody landscape elements may help to mitigate leaf surface loss caused by the cereal leaf beetle." Landscape Ecology 35, no. 10 (August 27, 2020): 2225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01097-3.
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Abstract Context Woody semi-natural habitats serve as permanent habitats and hibernation sites for natural enemies and, through spillover processes, they play an important role in the biological control of insect pests. However, this service is also dependent on the amount and configuration of the dominating woody habitat types: linear landscape elements (hedgerows, shelterbelts), and more evenly extended plantations. Relating natural enemy action to the landscape context can help to identify the effect of woody habitats on biological control effectiveness. Objectives In the Central European agricultural landscapes such as in the Hungarian lowlands, where our study took place, woody linear elements are characterised by high, while woody areal elements, mostly plantations, by low biological and structural diversity. In this study, we aimed to determine which composition and configuration of woody linear and areal habitats in the landscape may enhance the effect of natural enemy action on plant damage caused by the cereal leaf beetle (CLB, Oulema melanopus). Methods Herbivory suppression by natural enemies was assessed from the leaf damage difference between caged and open treatments. These exclusion experiments were carried out in 34 wheat fields on plants with controlled CLB infections. The results were related to landscape structure, quantified by different landscape metrics of both woody linear and areal habitats inside buffers between 150 and 500 m radii, surrounding the wheat fields. Results The exclusion of natural enemies increased the leaf surface loss caused by CLBs in all fields. Shelterbelts and hedgerows in 150–200 m vicinity of the wheat fields had a strong suppressing effect on CLB damage, while the presence of plantations at 250 m and further rather impeded natural enemy action. Conclusions Our results indicate that shelterbelts and hedgerows may provide a strong spillover of natural enemies, thus contribute to an enhanced biological control of CLBs.
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Zullini, Aldo, and Pieter A. A. Loof. "Freeliving nematodes from nature reserves in Costa Rica. 1. Dorylaimina." Nematology 2, no. 6 (2000): 605–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509493.
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AbstractThis article gives the first results of a study of dorylaims found in nature reserves in Costa Rica. The material examined shows the great interest of the nematofauna of these reserves. Two species were found for which new generic names had to be erected: Parapalus n.gen. for a species resembling Paraxonchium but with a long symmetrical odontostyle as in Gopalus; the single species P.arboricola n.sp. lives in epiphytic mosses. Inbionema n.gen. is conspicuous for the very widely separate lips and the long (but not needle-shaped) odontostyle; the single species I. biforme n.sp. (named because there are two classes of odontostyle length, under 44 and over 59 μ m) lives in the same habitat as the previous species. Other new species found are: Pachydorylaimus schizodontus n.sp. (furcate part ca 33% of odontostyle length), Sicorinema esquiveli n.sp. (cuticular annules 0.5 μ m wide, body length over 1 mm); Brasilaimus bidentatus n.sp. (24-26 longitudinal ridges, each onchium with an additional denticle), B. vinciguerrae n.sp. (32 ridges, odontostyle slender), Xiphinemella monohystera n.sp. (female monodelphic, tail conoid in both sexes) and Tyleptus bongersi n.sp. (liplets amalgamated into disc-like structure, distance vulva-cardia very short). The female of Idiodorylaimus annulatus (von Daday, 1905) is reported for the first time. The following nominal species were found and redescribed: Practinocephalus secundus Andrássy, 1986, Axonchium labiatum Thorne, 1939, Metaxonchium micans (Thorne, 1939), Oxydirus tropicus Thorne, 1964, O. tenuicaudatus Thorne, 1964, Funaria acuta (Zullini, 1973), Caveonchus saccatus (Goseco et al., 1981) and Sclerostylus xiphinemoides (Monteiro, 1970). A key to the species of Pachydorylaimus is given. The subfamily Paraxonchiinae and the position of the genus Gopalus are discussed. Nématodes libres des réserves naturelles du Costa Rica. 1. Dorylaimina - Cet article donne les premiers résultats d'une étude sur les Dorylaimides récoltés dans les réserves naturelles du Costa Rica. Le matériel examiné montre le grand intérêt de la nématofaune de ces réserves. Il a été trouvé deux espèces pour chacune desquelles un nouveau genre a dß être créé: Parapalus n.gen. pour une espèce ressemblant à Paraxonchium mais possédant un odontostyle long et symétrique comme chez Gopalus; l'espèce unique P. arboricola n.sp. vit dans les mousses épiphytes. Inbionema n.gen. se distingue par ses lèvres largement séparées et un odontostyle long mais non aciculaire; l'espèce unique I. biforme n.sp. - ainsi nommé à cause des deux classes de longueur de son odontostyle, moins de 44 et plus de 59 μ m - occupe le même habitat que la précédente espèce. Les autres nouvelles espèces rencontrées sont: Pachydorylaimus schizodontus n.sp. (partie fourchue de l'odontostyle équivalent à 33% de sa longueur totale), Brasilaimus bidentatus n.sp. (24-26 crêtes longitudinales; chaque onchium pourvu d'une denticule additionnelle), B. vinciguerrae n.sp. (32 crêtes longitudinales; odontostyle mince), Sicorinema esquiveli n.sp. (longueur du corps de plus d'1 mm; largeur des anneaux cuticulaires 0.5 μ m), Xiphinemella monohystera n.sp. (femelle monoprodelphe; queue conoïde chez les deux sexes) et Tyleptus bongersi n.sp. (petites lèvres amalgamées en une structure discoïde; distance cardia - vulve très courte). La femelle d'Idiodorylaimus annulatus est signalée pour la première fois. Les espèces nominales suivantes ont été récoltées et sont redécrites: Practinocephalus secundus Andrássy, 1986, Axonchium labiatum Thorne, 1939, Metaxonchium micans (Thorne, 1939), Oxydirus tropicus Thorne, 1964, O. tenuicaudatus Thorne, 1964, Funaria acuta (Zullini, 1973), Caveonchus saccatus (Goseco et al. , 1981) and Sclerostylus xiphinemoides (Monteiro, 1970). Une clé des espèces du genre Pachydorylaimus est proposée. La sous-famille des Paraxonchiinae et la position du genre Gopalus sont discutées.
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Lo Nigro, Marta, Angelica Rallo, Giovanni Provinzano, Elena Vanisova, and Mario Lo Valvo. "New data about Chiropterofauna of the “Monte Pellegrino” Nature Reserve (Palermo, Italy)." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126501001.
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This work increase the knowledge related to bat fauna present in the “Monte Pellegrino” Nature Reserve in the Palermo municipality. The acoustic sampling took place in the summer/autumn season using the D500X Bat detector in 22 samples. The identified signals were attributed to 8 species and one genus. The Taxa with the most passes in the reserve are: Tadarita teniotis followed by Pipistrellus kuhlii, Hypsugo savii (100% of Costancy), Pipistrellus pygmaeus, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Plecotus sp., Miniopterus schreibersii and last with a single recording Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Rhinolophus hipposideros. The dendrogram of similarity shows 3 distinct bats cenosis. Two samples present intense activity in almost all time slots and three samples, close to each, show a peak increase in the intermediate time slots for the three most abundant species. The analysis carried out on the environmental preferences shows that among the 13 Corine Land Cover (CLC) habitats, the highest number of passes is recorded in Artificial lakes (code 5122), Orchards (code 222) and Arid limestone grassland (code 3211). The Arid limestone grassland habitat (code 3211) has the highest Shannon Index value, while the Mastic stain habitat (code 32312) has the lowest diversity value. The dendrogram of similarity shows two clusters. In the first there are Gorse (code 32231), Mediterranean scrub (code 31111), Orchards (code 222), Mosaic of agricultural plots (code 242), while the second cluster contains the remaining habitats.
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Lyons, John, Timothy P. Parks, Kristi L. Minahan, and Aaron S. Ruesch. "Evaluation of oxythermal metrics and benchmarks for the protection of cisco (Coregonus artedi) habitat quality and quantity in Wisconsin lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 4 (April 2018): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0043.
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The cisco (Coregonus artedi) requires cold, well-oxygenated water and is threatened by climate warming and lake eutrophication, especially at the southern edge of its range in the Laurentian Great Lakes region. In this paper, a method is described to assess the quality, quantity, and variability of suitable cisco habitat. Two metrics are proposed to characterize existing cisco oxythermal habitat in this region: water temperature in the water column at a dissolved oxygen of 6 mg/L (TDO6) and “cisco layer thickness” (CLT), the vertical extent of the water column within which water temperature is ≤22.8 °C and dissolved oxygen is ≥6 mg/L. It is proposed that values of TDO6 = 22.8 °C and CLT = 1 m be used as benchmarks to identify cisco lakes with potentially stressful oxythermal habitat. Long-term summer data from 14 Wisconsin cisco lakes with a wide range of limnological characteristics indicated that TDO6 varied from 4.2 to 27.5 °C and CLT from −6.2 to 66.7 m. Cisco abundance across lakes was greater at lower values of TDO6 and higher values of CLT, and non-attainments of the proposed benchmarks were most likely in lakes with remnant or extirpated cisco populations. Non-attainment of benchmarks could occur from late June through September, and three or more samples across the entire summer would be required to have a reasonable probability of detecting a non-attainment in TDO6 or CLT within any given year. Across years, to detect a single year of non-attainment with an 80% level of confidence, two years of sampling would be sufficient for CLT and three years for TD06; to detect more than one non-attaining year, three years of sampling for CLT and six years of sampling for TD06 would be required. Despite relatively high temporal variation in some lakes, the proposed metrics and benchmarks appear to have value for assessing cisco oxythermal habitat in the Great Lakes region.
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Jonsson, Annie. "Robustness of life histories to environmental variability in complex versus simple life cycles." Theoretical Ecology 14, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12080-021-00501-1.
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AbstractMost animal species have a complex life cycle (CLC) with metamorphosis. It is thus of interest to examine possible benefits of such life histories. The prevailing view is that CLC represents an adaptation for genetic decoupling of juvenile and adult traits, thereby allowing life stages to respond independently to different selective forces. Here I propose an additional potential advantage of CLCs that is, decreased variance in population growth rate due to habitat separation of life stages. Habitat separation of pre- and post-metamorphic stages means that the stages will experience different regimes of environmental variability. This is in contrast to species with simple life cycles (SLC) whose life stages often occupy one and the same habitat. The correlation in the fluctuations of the vital rates of life stages is therefore likely to be weaker in complex than in simple life cycles. By a theoretical framework using an analytical approach, I have (1) derived the relative advantage, in terms of long-run growth rate, of CLC over SLC phenotypes for a broad spectrum of life histories, and (2) explored which life histories that benefit most by a CLC, that is avoid correlation in vital rates between life stages. The direction and magnitude of gain depended on life history type and fluctuating vital rate. One implication of our study is that species with CLCs should, on average, be more robust to increased environmental variability caused by global warming than species with SLCs.
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Utojo, Utojo, Syarifuddin Tonnek, Suharyanto Suharyanto, and Andi Marsambuana Pirzan. "STUDI BIOEKOLOGI IKAN KERAPU DI PERAIRAN PANTAI BARAT SULAWESI SELATAN." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 5, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.5.1.1999.31-37.
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Margato, Isabel. "José Cardoso Pires, cronista de Lisboa." Cuadernos Literarios 5, no. 8 (December 1, 2009): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35626/cl.8.2009.167.
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Isabel Margato nos presenta un estudio del libro Lisboa, Livro de Bordo. Voces, olhares, memorações del destacado autor portugués José Cardoso Pires. El escritor recupera el viaje en el sentido de una forma discursiva específica: narrar la ciudad (en este caso el puerto de Lisboa). Se revela así una narración que se transforma en un viaje experiencia guiada por un genial Cardoso narrador, un cronista que descubre al lector su ciudad-amiga cuyos elementos urbanos son devueltos por la mirada intimista del cronista que en realidad –como destaca Margato– es un narrador en su real actividad de habitante, ya que "habitar es narrar".
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Serebrennikova, Ol'ga Viktorovna, Evgeniya Borisovna Strel’nikova, and Irina Vladimirovna Russkikh. "FEATURES OF LIPID COMPOSITION OF SPHAGNUM AND TRUE MOSSES FROM VARIOUS NATURAL CLI-MATIC ZONES." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (April 12, 2019): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2019034558.
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A composition of 16 lipid samples of sphagnum and true mosses (Bryales) growing at an average annual temperature ranging from -9.1 °C to 1.5 °C is investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The individual composition and content of n-alkanes, fatty n-acids and their esters, n-alkane-2-ones, aldehydes, farnesylfuranes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), tocopherols, squalene, steroids, sesqui-, di- and triterpenoids of these mosses are determined. True mosses differ from sphagnum mosses in their lower content of n-alkanes, n-alkan-2-ones, n-aldehydes, tocopherols and cyclic terpenoids, and a higher content of PAHs. Campesterol prevails among steroids of true mosses, while stigmasterol and sitosterol dominate in sphagnum mosses. Sitosterol prevails in sphagnum mosses growing in areas with a negative average annual temperature. An increase in the temperature of the habitat results in a decrease in the relative content of n-alkanes with odd number of carbon atoms in the molecule in true mosses, and a slight decrease in their average chain length in sphagnum mosses. It is shown that terpenoids are the most dependent on natural habitat conditions of mosses. This is indicated by the content of squalene, sesqui- and diterpenoids, the ratio of hydrocarbons to oxygen-containing structures of cyclic triterpenoids, and that of compounds from series of perhydropicene and cyclopentapeperhydrochryzene. The increased humidity of habitat of a moss eliminates the effect of temperature. The stability of composition of n-alkanes and n-alkan-2-ones of sphagnum mosses developing under various conditions makes it possible to consider these compounds as potential chemotaxonomic markers of sphagnum mosses in peat deposits.
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Huber, Claire, Fengshan Li, Xijun Lai, Sadri Haouet, Arnaud Durand, Suzanne Butler, James Burnham, et al. "Using Pléiades HR data to understand and monitor a dynamic socio-ecological system: China's Poyang lake." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 209 (January 29, 2015): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2015.206.
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Le lac Poyang, première réserve d'eau douce de Chine, est un lac de moussons présentant de fortes variations de surfaces en eau entre la saison sèche, novembre-mars, et la saison humide juin-septembre. Les surfaces en eau passent ainsi de plus de 3000 km2 en été, à moins de 1000 km2 en hiver, cela correspondant à une variation inter annuelle de la hauteur de l'eau de 8 à 12 mètres. En saison sèche, la dépression du Poyang comprend une cuvette centrale en eau de taille réduite, et des lacs déconnectés entourés de vastes zones enherbées plus ou moins hautes. Lorsque le niveau d'eau augmente, la grande dépression centrale se remplit, puis au fur et à mesure du remplissage, comme une marée montante, l'eau arrive au niveau des lacs, les submerge et l'ensemble forme alors une petite mer intérieure d'eau douce. Cette dynamique et cette amplitude de variations ont de nombreuses implications en termes de ressources en eau, de santé publique (bilharziose), et mais aussi de richesse de la biodiversité.Le lac Poyang est un des milieux les plus riches et les plus importants en termes de biodiversité en Asie du Sud Est. Il s'agit d'une zone d'hivernage essentielle pour toute l'avifaune de l'Asie et de Sibérie. Plus de trois cents espèces d'oiseaux dépendent de cet habitat unique dont plus d'une douzaine d'espèces considérées en danger. Les plus emblématiques sont les grues de Sibérie et les cigognes blanches orientales dont la quasi-totalité, 98% de la population mondiale (moins de 3000 individus) viennent hiverner au Poyang. Cette de grande diversité d'oiseaux d'eau migrateurs est une conséquence directe de l'hydrologie complexe du lac Poyang.La forte variabilité intra et interannuelle du remplissage du Poyang, est un phénomène difficile à qualifier, c'est pourquoi un suivi temporel à relative haute fréquence est nécessaire. Dans le cadre de la RTU Pléiades HR, des acquisitions sur une base mensuelle ont été programmées au cours de l'année 2013 couvrant la partie la plus riche et sensible de la Reserve Naturelle du lac Poyang (PLNR). L'exploitation des données a porté sur plusieurs axes. Tout d'abord la caractérisation, à une échelle fine, des trajets de l'eau et de la dynamique de remplissage et de vidange des lacs, mettant en évidence un remplissage plutôt tardif et peu important au regard des observations réalisées les 12 dernières années, et surtout une vidange très précoce (fin juillet, entrainant par exemple la vidange totale du Bang Hu, principal site d'accueil des grues sibériennes). Les travaux ont également portés sur l'autre principale composant du milieu naturel, la végétation et sa dynamique inverse de l'eau. A partir des relevés terrain, le long de quatorze de transects, des indices de végétation ont été exploités afin de réaliser la cartographie de la végétation de ce secteur clé du lac Poyang. Les travaux ont également portes portés sur l'impact des activités anthropiques sur le milieu avec deux atteintes fortes, la mise en place de zones de cultures au sein du Parc national, et l'exploitation du lac Poyang comme carrière de sable se traduisant par un fort retrait des berges et un creusement des lits mineurs. Enfin, l'exploitation des données Pléiades HR, associées à des données CSK a permis de lever la première carte des filets de pêche au sein de la Reserve naturelle. De plus, deux triplets stéréo ont été acquis lors de périodes de basses hautes en en mars et septembre 2013, permettant la génération de modèles numériques de surfaces très précis et très détaillés.Les résultats obtenus suite à l'exploitation des images Pléiades HR, transmis à l'administration en charge de la gestion du Parc et à une ONG, l'International Crane Fondation, montrent l'apport des données Pléiades HR pour le suivi environnemental et aussi tout l'intérêt de séries temporelles très haute résolution pour la connaissance, et par la même, la protection des milieux.
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Clemens, Russell. "Asian Elephant Futures: A Causal Layered Analysis with Gregory Bateson in Mind." World Futures Review 12, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1946756719885661.
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Human population growth and dwindling fragmented natural habitats for elephants in Asia are leading to increasing conflict between humans and wild elephants. Sohail Inayatullah’s Causal layered analysis (CLA) is applied to understand the human–elephant conflict (HEC) situation. Gregory Bateson’s “ecology of mind” (EoM; epistemology, recurrence, abduction, and metaphor) is also employed to focus on possible implications of metaphor, epistemology, and social–psychological misalignments. The article aims to inform multidisciplinary practitioners on the relevance of applying both CLA and EoM to social–ecological issues in the twenty-first century. CLA and EoM are compatible and complementary multilayered approaches which, as metaphorical approaches, share mixed entailments. Bateson’s “double bind” theory is applied within CLA to explore the implications of possible Asian elephant extinction within the Anthropocene in respect to Indian (Hindu and Buddhist) cosmologies.
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Osman, Nur Azimah, Muhammad Abu Bakar Abdul-Latiff, Abd Rahman Mohd-Ridwan, Salmah Yaakop, Shukor Md Nor, and Badrul Munir Md-Zain. "Diet Composition of the Wild Stump-Tailed Macaque (Macaca arctoides) in Perlis State Park, Peninsular Malaysia, Using a Chloroplast tRNL DNA Metabarcoding Approach: A Preliminary Study." Animals 10, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122215.
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Understanding dietary diversity is a fundamental task in the study of stump-tailed macaque, Macaca arctoides in its natural habitat. However, direct feeding observation and morphological identification using fecal samples are not effective and nearly impossible to obtain in natural habitats because this species is sensitive to human presence. As ecological methods are challenging and time-consuming, DNA metabarcoding offers a more powerful assessment of the diet. We used a chloroplast tRNL DNA metabarcoding approach to identify the diversity of plants consumed by free-ranging M. arctoides in the Malaysia–Thailand border region located in Perlis State Park, Peninsular Malaysia. DNA was extracted from three fecal samples, and chloroplast tRNL DNA was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiniSeq platform. Sequences were analyzed using the CLC Genomic Workbench software. A total of 145 plant species from 46 families were successfully identified as being consumed by M. arctoides. The most abundant species were yellow saraca, Saraca thaipingensis (11.70%), common fig, Ficus carica (9.33%), aramata, Clathrotropis brachypetala (5.90%), sea fig, Ficus superba (5.44%), and envireira, Malmea dielsiana (1.70%). However, Clathrotropis and Malmea are not considered Malaysian trees because of limited data available from Malaysian plant DNA. Our study is the first to identify plant taxa up to the species level consumed by stump-tailed macaques based on a DNA metabarcoding approach. This result provides an important understanding on diet of wild M. arctoides that only reside in Perlis State Park, Malaysia.
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Weirauch, Christiane, Randall T. Schuh, Gerasimos Cassis, and Ward C. Wheeler. "Revisiting habitat and lifestyle transitions in Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera): insights from a combined morphological and molecular phylogeny." Cladistics 35, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 67–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12233.
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Asrial, Evron, Erwin Rosadi, Hamid Hamid, Muhammad Ichsan, Ruly Isfatul Khasanah, Naning Dwi Sulystyaningsih, Agustin Dwi Sumiwi, and Najiah Khalisah. "Growth and Population Parameters of Panulirus penicillatus and Panulirus homarus in Labangka Tidal Waters, Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 12, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v12i2.21486.
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HighlightUtilization, Growth, and Population of Bullet Tuna (Auxis rochei Risso 1810) in Indian Ocean Southern Sumbawa (2020)Eligibility Status Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis Cantor, 1849) from Lombok Strait and Indian Ocean Southern Sumbawa (2020)Biological Aspect of Parent Candidate of White-spotted Rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) from Serewe Bay, Lombok Timur District (2020)Study of Sustainability in Management of Malabar Blood Snapper Fisheries in the Indian Ocean Coastal Waters, Sumbawa Regency (2020)Growth Rate and Survivorship of Acropora sp. Fragments that Transplanted on the Artificial Substrate Made from Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (2020)Reproductive Biological Aspect of Panulirus penicillatus in Sumbawa Island Waters, Indonesia (2019)Fisheries Resource Status of Spiny Lobster Panulirus penicillatus in Labangka Waters, South Sumbawa, Indonesia (2019)Growth Rate of Acropora formosa Coral Fragments Transplanted on Different Composition of Faba Kerbstone Artificial Reef (2019)Agribusiness of Edible Jellyfish Crambione mastigophora in Saleh Bay, NTB: Implementation of Sustainable Fisheries (2019)AbstractThe Labangka tidal waters, located south of Sumbawa Regency are the habitat and potential fishing ground for lobsters. The dominant species caught by the Labangka fishermen are the Panulirus penicillatus and P. homarus. Fishing pressure is one of the greatest factor influencing the biological and stock condition of lobsters in Labangka. The aim of this study is to determine the key attributes in growth and population parameters. Some attributes whose values are relatively stable compared to that of 2015, consist of conditional factors such as (old age), growth pattern (hypoallometric), growth coefficient (slow growth), exploitation rate (overexploited), and fishing rate (excessive fishing). While, attributes that have improved are carapace length at first capture (CLc) longer than 50% carapace length of infinity (0.5CL∞) and CL rate (CLc/0.5CL∞) reaching more than 1.00 (CLR > 1.00). In implementing sustainable management of spiny lobster for fishery resources, improvisation is needed in place of catching technologies. One of the recommendation is to add more fishing vessel (Lboat > 17.0 m) equipped with engines that are able to reach potential fishing ground in the west waters of Cemplung beach, Labangka.
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Morel-Brochet, Annabelle, and Éric Charmes. "Densifier le pavillonnaire par le pavillonnaire ? Perspectives françaises sur les logiques des habitants." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 58, no. 165 (September 14, 2015): 367–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1033010ar.
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Cet article examine la réception sociale des modalités de densification de deux quartiers pavillonnaires anciens situés en France, en périphérie de Paris et d’Angers. Sur la base d’une enquête qualitative par entretiens auprès de 39 personnes, il observe les modifications du point de vue des habitants. Il montre tout d’abord que les habitants n’envisagent pas facilement de transformer leur habitation, que ce soit pour en tirer des revenus supplémentaires, accueillir un proche ou anticiper leurs vieux jours. Les changements surviennent surtout lors de mutations, au moment où l’habitation change de propriétaire. De ce point de vue, les acteurs du marché immobilier, et notamment les intermédiaires tels que les agents immobiliers, jouent un rôle-clé. Ensuite, l’article met en évidence le fait que, si les habitants des quartiers pavillonnaires sont réputés réticents face au changement, dans les contextes étudiés, la passivité règne. Plus précisément, pour eux, le règlement d’urbanisme fait loi. Ceci étant, ces règlements n’autorisent pas de transformations très importantes et tendent à devenir plus conservateurs.
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Pons, Aline. "La compétence des noms de lieux comme clé pour lire la perception de l’espace des habitants de Villar Perosa." Géolinguistique, no. 14 (December 15, 2013): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/geolinguistique.816.
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Negron-Poblete, Paula, and Sébastien Lord. "Marchabilité des environnements urbains autour des résidences pour personnes âgées de la région de Montréal : application de l’audit MAPPA." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 58, no. 164 (June 9, 2015): 233–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1031168ar.
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Cet article porte sur la marchabilité autour des résidences pour aînés dans le Montréal métropolitain et sur la relation avec la marche qu’entretiennent les aînés habitant dans ces milieux. Des groupes de discussion ont montré que la possibilité de faire des activités ou de rencontrer des gens constitue pour les participants un facteur-clé de leur mobilité quotidienne. Toutefois, les caractéristiques de l’environnement urbain rendent parfois difficiles les déplacements à pied. La marchabilité autour de résidences et de concentrations commerciales proches a été évaluée à l’aide de l’audit environnemental MAPPA. Une typologie de marchabilité construite indique que la grande majorité des segments de rue n’offrent qu’un niveau de sécurité minimal pour les marcheurs âgés. La vie dans ce type de résidence contraint parfois les résidants à se rabattre sur des activités intérieures, et peut éventuellement mener à une certaine forme d’exclusion spatiale freinant leur participation à la vie urbaine.
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Klaus, Kristina V., Christian Schulz, Dennise S. Bauer, and Thomas Stützel. "Historical biogeography of the ancient lycophyte genusSelaginella: early adaptation to xeric habitats on Pangea." Cladistics 33, no. 5 (December 17, 2016): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12184.
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Corgos, Antonio, and Juan Freire. "Morphometric and gonad maturity in the spider crab Maja brachydactyla: a comparison of methods for estimating size at maturity in species with determinate growth." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 5 (January 1, 2006): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.03.003.
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Abstract Ontogenetic changes in the relative growth of males and females of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla, a species with terminal moult and determinate growth, were analysed and related to their reproductive (maturity) status. Based on the allometry of cheliped size, two morphometric groups of males separated juvenile and adult phases. Juvenile males also showed two growth phases, immature (smaller ones, without spermatophores) and adolescent (with spermatophores). Size at gonad maturity in males (estimated as CL50) was 96.2 mm carapace length (CL). Histological analysis of males showed that >60% of morphometric juveniles and 100% of morphometric adults had spermatophores in the gonad. Females begin to develop gonads 2–3 months after the terminal moult. Size at morphometric maturity was estimated comparing two methodologies: the size at 50% maturity (CL50) and the median size of adult cohorts (CLM). In all cases the CLM size at maturity was greater than that resulting from the CL50 method, and, in contrast to the CL50 method, CLM was greater for females in all cases. Therefore, CLM reflects better the real size at maturity for M. brachydactyla. Owing to spatial segregation of adults and juveniles and the availability of morphological and morphometric methods to estimate maturity status, we suggest a combination of spatial closures and direct protection of juvenile habitat as management strategies alternative to minimum landing sizes.
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Carliez, Maria Luizete Sampaio Sobral, Ellen Formigosa, and Eder Barbosa Cruz. "Accessibilité et égalité des chances aux micro-communautés des sourds brésiliens : vers la reconnaissance des langues des signes pratiquées par les sourds de Soure (Île de Marajó) et Fortalezinha-PA et Porto de Galinhas-PE." MOARA – Revista Eletrônica do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras ISSN: 0104-0944 1, no. 45 (September 2, 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18542/moara.v1i45.3711.
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Les Langues des Signes (LS) pratiquées par les sourds brésiliens habitant dans les microcommunautés sourdes sont considérés par la société et les politiques publiques comme des gestes iconiques ne méritant pas d’être introduits dans les procédures pédagogiques de l’éducation des sourds établies par l’Éducation Nationale. Dans cet article notre objectif c’est de montrer que la reconnaissance de leur mode visuel-gestuel de communication joue un rôle important dans les notions d’accessibilité et d’égalité des chances pour les populations sourdes dans leur environnement socio-culturel. Un corpus des LS pratiqués à Soure, à Fortalezinha et à Porto de Galinhas a été recueilli, ce qui nous a permis de constater : l’authenticité de ces registres des LS en tant qu’objet linguistique à part entière ; le rapport entre leur langues des signes et leurs référentiels de culture et les enjeux sociaux et politiques de cette nonreconnaissance des LS pratiquées au sein des ces microcommunautés sourdes.MOTS CLÉ: Accessibilité. Microcommunautés des sourds. Langues des Signes Emergentes.
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Dabija, Anca, Marcin Kluczek, Bogdan Zagajewski, Edwin Raczko, Marlena Kycko, Ahmed H. Al-Sulttani, Anna Tardà, Lydia Pineda, and Jordi Corbera. "Comparison of Support Vector Machines and Random Forests for Corine Land Cover Mapping." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040777.
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Land cover information is essential in European Union spatial management, particularly that of invasive species, natural habitats, urbanization, and deforestation; therefore, the need for accurate and objective data and tools is critical. For this purpose, the European Union’s flagship program, the Corine Land Cover (CLC), was created. Intensive works are currently being carried out to prepare a new version of CLC+ by 2024. The geographical, climatic, and economic diversity of the European Union raises the challenge to verify various test areas’ methods and algorithms. Based on the Corine program’s precise guidelines, Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 satellite images were tested to assess classification accuracy and regional and spatial development in three varied areas of Catalonia, Poland, and Romania. The method is dependent on two machine learning algorithms, Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The bias of classifications was reduced using an iterative of randomized training, test, and verification pixels. The ease of the implementation of the used algorithms makes reproducing the results possible and comparable. The results show that an SVM with a radial kernel is the best classifier, followed by RF. The high accuracy classes that can be updated and classes that should be redefined are specified. The methodology’s potential can be used by developers of CLC+ products as a guideline for algorithms, sensors, and the possibilities and difficulties of classifying different CLC classes.
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Nielsen, Tommy Harder, and Jan Sørensen. "Production of Cyclic Lipopeptides by Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains in Bulk Soil and in the Sugar Beet Rhizosphere." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 2 (February 2003): 861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.2.861-868.2003.
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ABSTRACT The production of cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) with antifungal and biosurfactant properties by Pseudomonas fluorescens strains was investigated in bulk soil and in the sugar beet rhizosphere. Purified CLPs (viscosinamide, tensin, and amphisin) were first shown to remain highly stable and extractable (90%) when applied (ca. 5 μg g−1) to sterile soil, whereas all three compounds were degraded over 1 to 3 weeks in nonsterile soil. When a whole-cell inoculum of P. fluorescens strain DR54 containing a cell-bound pool of viscosinamide was added to the nonsterile soil, declining CLP concentrations were observed over a week. By comparison, addition of the strains 96.578 and DSS73 without cell-bound CLP pools did not result in detectable tensin or amphisin in the soil. In contrast, when sugar beet seeds were coated with the CLP-producing strains and subsequently germinated in nonsterile soil, strain DR54 maintained a high and constant viscosinamide level in the young rhizosphere for ∼2 days while strains 96.578 and DSS73 exhibited significant production (net accumulation) of tensin or amphisin, reaching a maximum level after 2 days. All three CLPs remained detectable for several days in the rhizosphere. Subsequent tests of five other CLP-producing P. fluorescens strains also demonstrated significant production in the young rhizosphere. The results thus provide evidence that production of different CLPs is a common trait among many P. fluorescens strains in the soil environment, and further, that the production is taking place only in specific habitats like the rhizosphere of germinating sugar beet seeds rather than in the bulk soil.
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Gingras, Yves, and Julien Larregue. "L’Esprit de l’ours contre la station de ski : l’argumentation juridique face à un conflit épistémologique et ontologique." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 34, no. 01 (February 18, 2019): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2019.1.
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RésuméCet article analyse un jugement de la Cour suprême du Canada rendu en 2017, en le comparant à un cas semblable survenu en 2002 en Nouvelle-Zélande. La première cause visait à accorder une protection juridique à « l’esprit de l’ours Grizzly » habitant un mont de Colombie-Britannique sur lequel des promoteurs voulaient construire une station de ski et la seconde visait à protéger une créature spirituelle vivant dans les eaux du ruisseau. Dans les deux cas, la question posée aux juges revient à statuer sur l’existence de créatures métaphysiques, et donc à trancher un conflit ontologique. Les juges canadiens et néo-zélandais vont refuser d’étendre le domaine d’application du droit à la protection des objets de ces croyances. Leur conclusion peut se comprendre à la lumière du fait que le mode d’argumentation juridique, de par sa nature rationaliste et naturaliste, n’est pas en mesure de penser les entités métaphysiques à partir du cadre conceptuel que lui a légué la révolution scientifique du XVIIe siècle.
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Reyes, Laura D., Cheryl D. Stimpson, Kanika Gupta, Mary Ann Raghanti, Patrick R. Hof, Roger L. Reep, and Chet C. Sherwood. "Neuron Types in the Presumptive Primary Somatosensory Cortex of the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 86, no. 3-4 (2015): 210–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441964.
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Within afrotherians, sirenians are unusual due to their aquatic lifestyle, large body size and relatively large lissencephalic brain. However, little is known about the neuron type distributions of the cerebral cortex in sirenians within the context of other afrotherians and aquatic mammals. The present study investigated two cortical regions, dorsolateral cortex area 1 (DL1) and cluster cortex area 2 (CL2), in the presumptive primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) to characterize cyto- and chemoarchitecture. The mean neuron density for both cortical regions was 35,617 neurons/mm3 and fell within the 95% prediction intervals relative to brain mass based on a reference group of afrotherians and xenarthrans. Densities of inhibitory interneuron subtypes labeled against calcium-binding proteins and neuropeptide Y were relatively low compared to afrotherians and xenarthrans and also formed a small percentage of the overall population of inhibitory interneurons as revealed by GAD67 immunoreactivity. Nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein-immunoreactive (NPNFP-ir) neurons comprised a mean of 60% of neurons in layer V across DL1 and CL2. DL1 contained a higher percentage of NPNFP-ir neurons than CL2, although CL2 had a higher variety of morphological types. The mean percentage of NPNFP-ir neurons in the two regions of the presumptive S1 were low compared to other afrotherians and xenarthrans but were within the 95% prediction intervals relative to brain mass, and their morphologies were comparable to those found in other afrotherians and xenarthrans. Although this specific pattern of neuron types and densities sets the manatee apart from other afrotherians and xenarthrans, the manatee isocortex does not appear to be explicitly adapted for an aquatic habitat. Many of the features that are shared between manatees and cetaceans are also shared with a diverse array of terrestrial mammals and likely represent highly conserved neural features. A comparative study across manatees and dugongs is necessary to determine whether these traits are specific to one or more of the manatee species, or can be generalized to all sirenians.
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Aydın Temel, Fulya, Esin Avcı, and Yüksel Ardalı. "Atıksu Arıtımında Yatay Yüzeyaltı Akışlı Yapay Sulak Alan Sistemlerinin Kullanımı: Örnek Çalışma, Kızılcaören." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 5 (June 7, 2017): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i5.493-501.1063.
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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a green technology that have been used to treat several types of wastewater such as domestic, industrial, agricultural wastewaters and landfill leachate. CWs have several advantages included land intensive, low energy, easy operation and maintenance, low investment/operational costs, landscape esthetics, reuse of waters, and increased wildlife habitat compared to conventional systems. CWs are alternative treatment technologies due to these properties especially for rural settlements, industries, and hotels that are remote locations from central treatment plants. Physical, chemical, and biological treatment mechanisms can employ together in CWs. In the present study, two parallel full scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands were designed to treat domestic wastewater of Kızılcaören village in Samsun, Turkey. Juncus acutus and Cortaderia selloana were selected and the removal performance of each species were evaluated. During 7 months operation, the mean removal efficiencies of Juncus acutus and Cortaderia selloana were found as 33% and 32% for Mg2+; 62% and 55% for Fe2+; 64% and 56% for Fe3+; 46% and 37% for Cl2; 48% and 39% for total Cl2; 26% and 37% for Ca2+; 28% and 23% for SAA, respectively. Also, the Two-way ANOVA between groups was applied to determine any difference for the removal of all parameters between the plant types and months on the mean values of pollutants removal.
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Kvíderová, Jana. "Sample database of the Centre for Polar Ecology - Database design and data management." Czech Polar Reports 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2014-2-14.
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The increasing number of observations and samples led to development of systems for data storage and management. In this paper, design and experience with data manage-ment of the Sample database (SampleDTB) used in the Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic, is presented. The SampleDTB was designed for microbiological, phycological or hydro-biological data. The SampleDTB consists of data tables including defined lists of cli-matic zones, habitats, communities and taxons, specific queries for datasets determina-tion and searches, forms for filling in samples and reports. The data tables contain detailed information on site, its environment, types of habitats and communities, in-cluding data on taxonomic diversity. The queries provide source data for reports or serve for searches for specific taxon, sample etc. Forms are used primarily for data entry or modifications. The reports provide summaries and charts for export, either for whole data set or for specific datasets. Data management resulted in system of sample numbering, site specification, and system for photographs storage. Possible future development will be focused on on-line data access, biovolume and diversity indices calculation, laboratory sample processing, and connection to culture collection database.
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Pineda Mozo, Miyer Fernando. "El árbol que apalabra el mundo: Acercamiento a la poética de Julio César Goyes." Cuadernos de Literatura, no. 31 (January 7, 2020): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15648/cl..31.2020.2538.
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Julio César Goyes, uno de los poetas fundadores del grupo Si Mañana Despierto, es el árbol que apalabra el mundo; para hacerlo se sumerge en el río de la muerte a través del mito y sus misterios. Su imagen poética devora, semilla el silencio en el lector que habita su obra. El escenario conceptual que respalda este análisis, proviene de parámetros ofrecidos por la hermenéutica de Ricoeur, en lo concerniente a la mediación textual que posibilita procesos de comprensión y de autocomprensión, resuelta a través de lo simbólico; además, se aborda su noción de cuasi-texto: posibilidad de pensar la acción humana como textualidad a interpretar. La importancia de este tipo de reflexiones, radica en la necesaria lectura de los aportes de un grupo literario, cuya génesis es una raíz crítica-creativa desprendida de la tradición poética de MITO.
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Arenas-Castro, Salvador, Adrián Regos, João F. Gonçalves, Domingo Alcaraz-Segura, and João Honrado. "Remotely Sensed Variables of Ecosystem Functioning Support Robust Predictions of Abundance Patterns for Rare Species." Remote Sensing 11, no. 18 (September 6, 2019): 2086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182086.
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Global environmental changes are affecting both the distribution and abundance of species at an unprecedented rate. To assess these effects, species distribution models (SDMs) have been greatly developed over the last decades, while species abundance models (SAMs) have generally received less attention even though these models provide essential information for conservation management. With population abundance defined as an essential biodiversity variable (EBV), SAMs could offer spatially explicit predictions of species abundance across space and time. Satellite-derived ecosystem functioning attributes (EFAs) are known to inform on processes controlling species distribution, but they have not been tested as predictors of species abundance. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of SAMs calibrated with EFAs (as process-related variables) to predict local abundance patterns for a rare and threatened species (the narrow Iberian endemic ‘Gerês lily’ Iris boissieri; protected under the European Union Habitats Directive), and to project inter-annual fluctuations of predicted abundance. We compared the predictive accuracy of SAMs calibrated with climate (CLI), topography (DEM), land cover (LCC), EFAs, and combinations of these. Models fitted only with EFAs explained the greatest variance in species abundance, compared to models based only on CLI, DEM, or LCC variables. The combination of EFAs and topography slightly increased model performance. Predictions of the inter-annual dynamics of species abundance were related to inter-annual fluctuations in climate, which holds important implications for tracking global change effects on species abundance. This study underlines the potential of EFAs as robust predictors of biodiversity change through population size trends. The combination of EFA-based SAMs and SDMs would provide an essential toolkit for species monitoring programs.
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White, Jonathan, Niall Ó Maoiléidigh, Paddy Gargan, Elvira de Eyto, Gerald Chaput, Willie Roche, Phil McGinnity, et al. "Incorporating natural variability in biological reference points and population dynamics into management of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) stocks returning to home waters." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 6 (March 16, 2016): 1513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw015.
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Following advice from the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas and North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization, Irish salmon stocks have been managed on a river-by-river basis since 2007 with biological reference points (BRPs) based on maximum sustainable yield (MSY). A method for estimating BRPs at the river scale and the associated variability arising from observed variability in population structures and fecundities is presented here. Calculations of BRPs (referred to as conservation limits, CLs) were updated and their natural variability was included. Angling logbooks provided new river-specific weight data to give sea age and fecundity ranges, and improved estimates of river-wetted areas, to account for available nursery habitat for juveniles and river-specific carrying capacities, were introduced. To transport BRPs, Bayesian stock–recruitment analysis was re-run with an updated list of monitored rivers and smolt ages. Results were converted to salmon numbers per river in Monte Carlo simulations incorporating the variability in sea ages and fecundities. Minimum sample size rules were implemented to reduce sampling error effects. Results showed that average total CL increased by 7%, average one sea-winter (1SW) CL decreased by 5% and average multi-sea-winter (MSW) CL increased by 157%. Differences were attributed to increases in wetted areas, MSW proportions, and changes in both 1SW and MSW fecundities. While some changes were large, we believe that these updated CLs provide more accurate estimates and with associated confidence limits they are more robust, river-specific, and readily incorporated into stock assessments. As a significant improvement on their predecessors, they represent a major development for the conservation and management of salmon stocks. Additionally, the approach described is portable across stocks and has the potential to be implemented in other jurisdictions to improve the management of Atlantic salmon. Finally, this method of incorporating variation has application for the development of BRPs and management of other species.
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LEMAUVIEL-LAVENANT, S., and R. SABATIER. "Quand l’élevage est garant de la conservation de milieux patrimoniaux." INRA Productions Animales 30, no. 4 (June 25, 2018): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2017.30.4.2265.
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La conservation de nombreux écosystèmes patrimoniaux est conditionnée par le maintien d’une activité d’élevage extensive. Les prairies humides et les systèmes transhumants de Méditerranée constituent deux exemples contrastés de territoires à forts enjeux naturels où excès d’eau dans le premier cas et sècheresses annuelles dans l’autre conditionnent à la fois la végétation et les conditions d’élevage. Les marais portent des services environnementaux majeurs comme l’accueil de la biodiversité, notamment de l’avifaune ou la régulation des crues. Ce sont des territoires complexes où de nombreux acteurs interagissent autour de la gestion des niveaux d’eau. Parmi eux, les éleveurs jouent un rôle clé en gérant des prairies contraignantes à exploiter. Les prairies de marais sont fragilisées par un double mouvement d’intensification et de déprise agricole. L’élevage craven, exemple de système ovin transhumant de la plaine de Crau en zone méditerranéenne, permet de lutter contre la fermeture des milieux et joue un rôle de protection contre certains risques naturels comme les incendies dans les collines en Provence ou contre les risques d’avalanche dans les Alpes. Dans la plaine de la Crau, les éleveurs sont au coeur des enjeux de biodiversité dans la conservation du « Coussoul », dernière steppe européenne. Crise de la filière ovine, retour du loup et pression foncière grandissante sur les espaces de Crau menacent ce système d’élevage. Le maintien de l’élevage représente un véritable enjeu pour la conservation des espaces à forte valeur patrimoniale. Il dépend de la viabilité économique de formes d'élevage soumises à de fortes contraintes naturelles et nécessite donc une politique agroenvironnementale adaptée. La dynamique des territoires, à travers une valorisation de produits de qualité, apparaît également comme un levier pour préserver les activités d’élevage et conserver les habitats naturels.
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Zwart, Gabriel, Erik J. van Hannen, Miranda P. Kamst-van Agterveld, Katleen Van der Gucht, Eva S. Lindström, Jeroen Van Wichelen, Torben Lauridsen, Byron C. Crump, Suk-Kyun Han, and Steven Declerck. "Rapid Screening for Freshwater Bacterial Groups by Using Reverse Line Blot Hybridization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 10 (October 2003): 5875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.10.5875-5883.2003.
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ABSTRACT The identification of phylogenetic clusters of bacteria that are common in freshwater has provided a basis for probe design to target important freshwater groups. We present a set of 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based oligonucleotide probes specific for 15 of these freshwater clusters. The probes were applied in reverse line blot hybridization, a simple method that enables the rapid screening of PCR products from many samples against an array of probes. The optimized assay was made stringent to discriminate at approximately the single-mismatch level. This made 10 of the probes highly specific, with at least two mismatches to the closest noncluster member in the global database. Screening of PCR products from bacterioplankton of 81 diverse lakes from Belgium, The Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway showed that the respective probes were reactive against 5 to 100% of the lake samples. Positive reactivity of six highly specific probes showed that bacteria from actinobacterial clusters ACK-M1 and Sta2-30 and from verrucomicrobial cluster CLO-14 occurred in at least 90% of the investigated lakes. Furthermore, bacteria from alpha-proteobacterial cluster LD12 (closely related to the marine SAR11 cluster), beta-proteobacterial cluster LD28 and cyanobacterial cluster Synechococcus 6b occurred in more than 70% of the lakes. Reverse line blot hybridization is a new tool in microbial ecology that will facilitate research on distribution and habitat specificity of target species at relatively low costs.
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Pástor, Michal, Martina Slámová, and Tibor Benčať. "The distribution and biocultural value assessment of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the cadastral districts of Stredné Plachtince and Horné Plachtince (Slovakia)." Ekológia (Bratislava) 36, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 130–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2017-0012.
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Abstract The cadastral districts of Stredné Plachtince and Horné Plachtince are situated in the southern part of the Krupinská Planina Mts. in the Carpathian Mts. and about one-third of both the districts is made up of traditional agricultural landscape. Sweet chestnut finds here suitable natural conditions for its growth. The article focuses on the chestnut biocultural value assessment in the given traditional landscape type. Firstly, the field survey concerning chestnuts and old stables identification and positioning was done. Secondly, the data were processed by the geospatial analysis tools in QGIS aiming at the evaluation of chestnuts and old stables spatial distribution in the study area. Thirdly, the chestnut biocultural value was assessed and the modification of current boundary of the given landscape type was proposed. Chestnuts most frequently occurred in the extensively used CLC patches with pastures and heterogeneous agricultural areas - “Land principally occupied by agriculture with significant areas of natural vegetation”, in parallel coinciding with HNV farmlands and habitats of European importance and with local occurrence of the protected bat species. Chestnuts found in the vicinity of old stables partially confirmed their specific function in cattle breading in the past. We can conclude that sweet chestnut supports the value of the traditional landscape type of “pastoral land with meadows” and its current area could be extended correspondingly to our results.
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Slesarenko, Natal'ya, and Elena Shirokova. "ADAPTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS OF A FOX’S KNEE JOINT LIGAMENTS UNDER CHANGED FUNCTIONAL CONDITIONS." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 5, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/38774.
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The aim of the research is identification of complex structural changes of the fox’s knee joint ligaments to ensure its high biomechanical potencies. A promising approach for the study of adaptive and compensatory changes of the joint as a multicomponent biomechanical system is to evaluate the structural transformations of its ligaments under conditions of a new functional load. The research was carried out on the basis of the Department of Animal Anato-my and Histology named after Professor A. F. Klimov «Moscow state Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotech-nology – MBA named after K. I. Scryabin» and on the basis of JSC «Breeding animal farm «Saltykovsky». The arti-cle presents information about morphological transformations of the lateral and median ligaments of the knee joint that determine its reliable stability. Numerous structural changes of the fox ligaments during cage housing is re-flected, which decrease in the thickness of bundles of collagen fibers and their compositional density compared to the standard structure (in wild individuals). Morphological transformations that can significantly reduce the strength and elasticity resistance of the ligaments and the biomechanical potential of the joint are shown. 23 fox individuals, including 15 individuals of the cage housing and 8 representatives of the natural habitat were studied. The re-search used a comprehensive methodological approach, including anatomical preparation, light microscopy of histological sections, scanning electron microscopy, micromorphometry and statistical analysis of the obtained digi-tal data. According to the results of the study, it was found that fox individuals from natural biocenosis, have colla-gen structures of the lateral ligaments different in waving and packing density from ones of cage housing, which can contribute to ensuring their biomechanical domination.
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Mila, Savić, Baltić Milan, Becskei Zsolt, Dimitrijević Blagoje, Dimitrijević Vladimir, Savić Đorde, and Vegara Mensur. "Evaluation of Zackel Lamb Meat Quality with the Aim of Increasing the Conservation Value of the Breed." Acta Veterinaria 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2014-0041.
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Abstract The objective of the study was to perform and evaluate the advanced phenotypic characterization of endangered Zackel sheep types, especially their productive potential and meat quality traits. Meat quality characteristics (m. longissimus dorsi) were evaluated in lambs of three types of autochthonous Zackel sheep: Sjenica sheep, Lipe sheep and Vlashko Vitoroga sheep, reared in traditional habitats in a sustainable management system. For the evaluation of sensory characteristics of lamb meat, quantitative descriptive analysis was performed according to ISO 6564:1985, i.e. structural intensity scale of seven points. All Zackel meat samples had an overall acceptability, the most favorable being in Sjenica sheep, with detected differences between Sjenica and Vlashko Vitoroga sheep (p<0.01), as well as between Lipe and Vlashko Vitoroga sheep (p<0.05). For the determination of fatty acids profile the prepared samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. The results showed that all tested lamb meat samples contain favorable amounts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The average content of conjugated linoleic acid was higher in Sjenica lamb meat compared with Lipe lamb meat, and the difference was significant (p<0.01). It is also shown that examined samples of Sjenica, Lipe and Vlashko Vitoroga lambs, compared to many other exotic and local breeds, were characterized by preferable values of n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio. Polyunsaturated fatty acid n-6:n−3 ratio difference between tested Zackel types was not significant. The favorable fatty acid profile, important for human health and especially for infant and children nutrition, raises the interest for sustainable production and conservation of Zackel sheep
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Bettencourt, Leonor, and Paula Castro. "Diversity in the Maps of a Lisbon Neighbourhood: Community and ‘Official’ Discourses about the Renewed Mouraria." Culture and Local Governance 5, no. 1-2 (December 30, 2015): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/clg-cgl.v5i1-2.1456.
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The neighbourhood of Mouraria in the center of Lisbon is today home to three main groups of residents: traditional residents, new gentrifiers, and immigrants. This diversity is simultaneously a strength of and a threat to its social cohesion and its current urban rehabilitation process, undertaken by the City Council of Lisbon (CCL). This study has three main goals: 1) to analyze how the ‘community identity’ maps of the neighbourhood are constructed by residents’ discourse; 2) to analyze how the ‘official’ cultural map of the neighbourhood is constructed in the discourses of the press and the CCL; and 3) to compare the ‘official’ and the ‘community’ maps. In drafting the ‘community’ maps, 22 interviews were conducted with traditional residents (14), new gentrifiers (6), and immigrants (2). The ‘official’ cultural map was re-constructed through a press analysis (four articles from two reference newspapers: Público, 2014; Expresso, 2013) and an in-depth interview with the coordinator of the CCL office in Mouraria. Findings show that the rehabilitation program is represented in the ‘official’ discourse in a more positive way than in residents’ discourses. The main divergence concerns the targets of the intervention. However, in both discourses there is agreement regarding the social problems of Mouraria. The stories of the past told by traditional residents, although mentioning the loss of the traditional character of Mouraria, show the importance of public spaces for place attachment and place identity. The discourses of new residents highlight the role of places in building connections between past and present, and in helping maintain a sense of continuity. We discuss the importance of community identity mapping in understanding the ‘battle of ideas’ around urban rehabilitation and the impact that different perspectives can have. The study can be a source of information for decision-makers, helping strengthen the communication bridge between them and the community.Keywords: community identity maps, official cultural map, place relations, multicultural community, rehabilitated neighbourhood Résumé: Le quartier de Mouraria au coeur de Lisbonne est aujourd’hui habité par des habitants provenant de trois catégories sociales, soit : la population traditionnelle du quartier, les populations gentrifiées et les migrants. Cette diversité est à la fois une opportunité et un défi au processus de régénération urbaine développé par le Conseil de la ville de Lisbonne (CVL). Cette étude a trois objectifs: 1) comprendre l’identité communautaire et en faire une cartographie à partir des discours des différents résidents; 2) analyser comment la cartographie culturelle opérée par la presse et le CVL; 3) comparer les deux cartographies, soit la cartographie officielle et celle des résidents. Pour les fins de cette recherche, la cartographie des résidents a été produite à partir de 22 entrevues, dont 14 entrevues réalisées auprès de residents dits traditionnels, six entrevues auprès des populations gentrifiées et deux entrevues ont été conduites auprès de migrants habitant le quartier. Pour sa part, la carte officielle a été réalisée par le biais d’une analyse presse (soit quatre articles provenant de Público, 2014; Expresso, 2013) et à partir d’une entrevue en profondeur réalisée auprès du coordonnateur du projet de revitalisation de Mouraria du CVL. Les résultats de cette enquête illustrent que la representation officielle du projet est de loin plus positive que celle exprimée par les résidents. Les principals différences de perception se situent au niveau des objectifs du programme de revitalisation, bien que les deux discours reconnaissent les problèmes sociaux du quartier. Les discours des résidents traditionnels mettent en évidence un attachement mémoriel pour le passé, mais il illustre également l’importance de l’espace public dans les processus de construction identitaire. Pour sa part, le discours des nouveaux résidents met en relief l’importance du passé et du présent ainsi que la nécessité de préserver une certaine continuité dans cette ligne du temps du quartier. Cet article met en débat l’importance du conflit des représentations en contexte de régénération urbaine et les conclusions ouvrent sur des constats d’une grande utilité pour les praticiens du domaine.Mots clé: carte d’identité de la collectivité, carte culturelle officielle, relations entre des endroits, communauté multiculturelle, voisinage restauré
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Agbahoungba, Symphorien, Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo, Flora Josiane Chadare, Rodrigue Idohou, Valère Kolawolé Salako, Eric Etchikinto Agoyi, and Romain Lucas Glèlè Kakaï. "ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION OF WILD EDIBLE FRUIT TREE SPECIES IN THE LAMA FOREST RESERVE IN BENIN." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 329, no. 329 (July 21, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2016.329.a31312.
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Une bonne connaissance des interac- tions entre les forêts et les communautés humaines voisines est indispensable à la gestion participative des ressources forestières. La présente étude s’est atta- ché à déterminer la diversité écologique des arbres sauvages à fruits comes- tibles (ASFC) dans la Réserve forestière de Lama, zone protégée dans le sud du Bénin, et à définir des stratégies de conservation adaptées. Un inventaire des ASFC a été réalisé sur 53 placettes systématiquement délimitées dans des forêts denses typiques, de forêt dense dégradée et de jachère dans la Réserve forestière de Lama, ainsi qu’une enquête ethnobotanique auprès de 136 partici- pants. Les habitats des ASFC ont été iden- tifiés à partir d’une Analyse des Corres- pondances Simples sur les données de densité. Une liste d’especes prioritaires a été générée par la méthode des rangs composés : Dialium guineense, Diospy- ros mespiliformis, Drypetes floribunda, Mimusops andogensis et Pterocarpus santalinoides en forêt dense typique ; Pancovia bijuga, Psidium guajava et Lecaniodiscus cupanioides en forêt dense dégradée ; Ficus capensis et Spon- dias mombin dans les jachères. Contrai- rement aux autres essences, la densité moyenne de D. guineense, D. mespili- formis, D. floribunda, L. cupanioides et M. andongensis varie de manière signifi- cative (P < 0,01) selon les types de végé- tation. Les ASFC recensés sont principa- lement utilisés dans l’alimentation et la pharmacopée. Les essences à conserver en priorité sont P. guajava, S. mombin, F. capensis, P. santalinoides et P. bijuga. Des efforts de protection renforcés sont nécessaires en forêt dense dégradée et dans les zones de jachère pour assurer la conservation de ces essences. D’autre part, il convient d’intégrer les ASFC prio- ritaires dans des programmes de planta- tion afin de réduire la pression des com- munautés humaines voisines.
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Conforti, V. A., C. H. Adania, P. G. Gonzalez, C. de Oliveira, and W. F. Swanson. "155 NOVEL RECIPIENT SYNCHRONIZATION REGIMENS FOR SUCCESSFUL EMBRYO TRANSFER IN THE BRAZILIAN OCELOT FOLLOWING LONG-TERM FROZEN EMBRYO STORAGE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab155.
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The Brazilian ocelot (Leopardus pardalis mitis) is threatened with extinction in southern Brazil due to habitat loss and poaching. As one component of a bi-national conservation program, efforts have been initiated to establish a Brazilian ocelot population in North American zoos through a combination of natural breeding and assisted reproduction. With improved efficiency, embryo freezing and transfer might be useful as a management tool to help achieve this conservation goal. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare two novel ovarian stimulation regimens for embryo recipient synchronization in ocelots and (2) assess embryo transfer success following long-term (7 yrs) storage of frozen ocelot embryos. Adult female ocelots (n = 8), housed individually at a breeding facility in southern Brazil, were used as recipients. Ovarian activity was monitored noninvasively by assessing fecal estrone metabolite concentrations via a validated enzyme immunoassay. Initial fecal monitoring indicated that all females displayed active ovarian cyclicity. For embryo transfer, fecal samples were collected from each cat and assayed daily over a three week period. Females (n = 4) showing two or more consecutive days of increasing estrone were classified as estrual and treated (Trt 1) with two injections of porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH, 3000 IU dose–1, IM, 13 h interval). Females (n = 4) exhibiting consecutive days of basal estrone levels were considered interestrual and received a combination regimen (Trt 2) of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG, 400 IU, IM) followed 85 h later by pLH (3000 IU, IM). Females were anesthetized 50 h after the second hormone injection and evaluated laparoscopically to assess ovarian response. All females exhibited at least one fresh corpus luteum (CL) indicating proper timing of ovulation induction. The number (mean ± SEM) of ovarian follicles (0 v. 3.0 ± 1.5) and CLs (1.0 ± 0.0 v. 3.8 ± 1.8) did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatments. Upon confirmation of ovulation, 3 or 4 frozen embryos (24 embryos total), produced by IVF and frozen in ethylene glycol for liquid nitrogen storage 7 years earlier, were immediately thawed and transferred laparoscopically into one oviduct of each female. At 83 to 84 days post-transfer, two females (one per Trt) each gave birth to one healthy kitten, whereas a third female (Trt 2) experienced dystocia, requiring a C-section to deliver a single healthy offspring. Overall, 38% (3/8) of recipients became pregnant with 33% (3/9) of transferred embryos in pregnant females developing to term. Results indicate that these novel recipient synchronization regimens produce consistent ovulation and a suitable maternal environment for ocelot embryo transfer and that frozen ocelot embryos retain developmental competence after years of storage. Our findings suggest that frozen embryo transfer in ocelots has adequate efficiency for applied usage, allowing international shipment of frozen embryos to be used as a viable alternative to the transport of living ocelots for genetic management (NCRR 015338).
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ΑΝΑΓΝΩΣΤΑΚΗΣ, Ηλίας, and Ναταλία ΠΟΥΛΟΥ. "Η πρωτοβυζαντινή Μεσσήνη (5ος-7ος αιώνας) και προβλήματα της χειροποίητης κεραμικής στην Πελοπόννησο." BYZANTINA SYMMEIKTA 11 (September 29, 1997): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.831.
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<p>Ilias Anagnostakis - Natalia Poulou-Papadimitriou</p><p>Messène protobyzantine (Ve-VIIe s.) et problèmes de la céramique modelée dans le Péloponnèse.</p><p>L'étude est divisée en trois chapitres, qui suivent l'enquête, l'orientation et les stades du travail entrepris. Dans le chapitre I (Messène protobyzantine Ve-VIIe s.) nous présentons une synthèse de l'ensemble de la ville d'après les sources et les fouilles récentes dirigées par P. Themelis. La découverte des trésors des monnaies datées du 6e s., d'un habitat et d'un cimetière chrétien, où sont utilisés des matériaux provenant de la cité antique et romaine, et surtout les objets trouvés dans la tombe 31B (une boucle et un pot modelé) nous ont conduit à suggérer la survie de l'habitat au milieu du 7e s. La datation résulte par l'étude d'un nombre de fibules identiques à celle de la tombe 31B, trouvées dans le territoire grec et que nous considérons de provenance byzantine et d'utilisation commune. Cette datation s'applique, par conséquent, au pot modelé, lui aussi identique au pot d'une tombe de Corinthe, considérée comme «avaroslave» ou «barbare» et datée vaguement à la fin du 6e-début 7e s. Ce fut, donc, une raison suffisante pour le réexamen exhaustif et la réappréciation de l'ensemble de la céramique modelée trouvée dans le Péloponnèse afin de trancher sur la question barbare ou slave et de donner une chronologie <em>ante</em> <em>quem</em> de la tombe et de l'habitat protobyzantin de Messène.</p><p>L'étude de la céramique modelée est présentée au chapitre II: La Céramique modelée du Péloponnèse. D'emblée nous proposons la désignation de cette céramique comme modelée (χειροποίητη) au lieu des termes «slave» ou «avaroslave». Par cette appellation ces objets sont détachés de toute idée préconçue et de toute interprétation historiographique. La céramique modelée est regroupée en trois catégories: 1) Céramique commune de production familiale, 2) Céramique qui sert de mobilier (pot) funéraire, et 3) Urnes d'incinération. Ces trois catégories correspondaient aux besoins et aux moeurs d'une population au début hétérogène, qui vécut en commun la transition vers une économie du troc. Ainsi la poterie commune, diversifiée suivant les régions et les moeurs, est étudiée en dehors de toute interprétation ethnique douteuse, mais comme produit de l'ensemble d'une population, que caractérisent les interférences culturelles. Les urnes à incineration de l'Olympie restent uniques, une exception dans l'ensemble du Péloponnèse: elles sont attribuées aux Slaves de la région, qui tout en restant en marge, ils vivaient en rapport avec les autochtones. Une grande partie du chapitre II est consacrée au réexamen de la céramique modelée d'Argos, ainsi qu'à la céramique tournée de bonne qualité, qui fut trouvée dans la même couche. Avec des arguments, qui résultent des recherches récentes sur la céramique tournée et sur la stromatographie problématique des fouilles d'Argos, cette céramique ne peut que dater du 7e siècle. Cela nous amène forcément à la critique et l'abandon de la chronologie proposée par Aupert et de l'attribution de la céramique modelé de l'Argos aux envahisseurs avaroslaves du 585. Après l'examen critique de la céramique modelée trouvée toujours avec de la céramique tournée de bonne qualité dans un nombre de sites péloponnésiens (Argos, Tiryns, Isthmia, Sparte, Pallantion) nous constatons que cette céramique s'étend du 7e au 14e s.; elle peut ainsi être difficilement attribuée aux invasions slaves du 6e-7e s. ou à une seule partie de la population. Au contraire, elle constitue un autre type de céramique utilisée par l'ensemble de la population à travers les siècles en même temps que la céramique tournée. En conclusion, la céramique montée à la main trouvée en Grèce n'est ni toujours ni forcément slave.</p><p>Dans le Chapitre III: La céramique modelée dans l'Ouest du Péloponnèse et les perspectives de la recherche, notre orientation consiste à réévaluer l'impact des invasions slaves dans le Péloponnèse et surtout dans sa partie Ouest considérée comme la région slavisée par excellence. Nous essayons d'examiner sur le terrain, sans idée préconçue, à quoi correspondent les «Dark Ages» de la région et de sa slavisation, d'autant plus que la céramique modelée commune y manque complètement, alors qu'elle est plutôt abondante dans la partie Est, qui fut toujours sous contrôle byzantin. Considérant a priori comme slaves les objets de la tombe 31B de Messène nous proposons une hypothèse de travail, calquée sur celle de plusieurs chercheurs, pour esquisser la Messène et sa région à l'époque des invasions avaroslaves vers le 580. Ainsi, avec des arguments tirés de la toponymie, des trésors et des textes postérieurs, mais surtout utilisant le témoignage des urnes à incinération de l'Olympie, que certains datent vers la fin du 6e s., et le pot modelé de la tombe 31B de Messène nous constatons que tout s'accorde pour donner droit et justifier le récit du 10e s. de la <em>Chronique de Monembasie</em> sur la slavisation de la région de l'Ouest déjà à la fin du 6e s. Cette structure s'écroule néanmoins si les objets de la tombe sont datés au milieu du 7e s. Ce genre d'approche met en relief l'impact de l'historiographie et les problèmes du rapport entre les textes et les données archéologiques. Nous pensons finalement que la céramique modelée nous offre plutôt des informations précieuses sur la coexistence et les interférences culturelles. Mais plus encore: nous considérons comme la seule perspective de la recherche sur la céramique modelée du Péloponnèse celle qui sera basée sur une nouvelle approche. Une approche qui posera un autre regard sur le problème du rapport entre textes et données archéologiques, sur le problème du passage à une économie du troc, de la raréfaction et la ruralisation des villes et sur le retour à une poterie locale faite à la main.</p><p> </p>
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Radović, Andreja, and Nataša Tepić. "Using Corine Land Cover Habitat Database for the analysis of breeding bird habitat: case study of white storks (Ciconia ciconia) from northern Croatia." Biologia 64, no. 6 (January 1, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-009-0206-4.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to find out whether a set of habitat characteristics, derived from the National Corine Land Cover (CLC) database of habitat types, could indicate the occurrence of white stork nests in a settlement. The analyses were performed for the settlements closer than 35 km from the Drava River (northern Croatia). Sixteen habitat characteristics were determined around 257 settlements occupied with white stork nests and 152 control sites without white stork nests within the same geographic region. We performed multivariate inspection of the data and a non-metric multidimensional preference analysis. The best variables for stork habitat selection were: distance to the nearest grassland habitat (P < 0.0001), distance to three nearest grassland habitats (P < 0.0001), altitude of the settlements above the sea level (P < 0.001), sum of distances to the three nearest agricultural mosaic habitats (P < 0.005) and standardized area proportion of forests (P < 0.05). The explanatory capacity of the model was 81.1%. We conclude that it is possible to define a small number of habitat characteristics derived from CLC database which can indicate the occurrence of white stork nests.
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WITHERS†, Phil, and Jocelyn CLAUDE. "Les Psilidae de France (Diptera : Acalyptrata) : checklist et clés de détermination des genres et des espèces." Naturae, no. 9 (April 14, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/naturae2021a9.
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L’examen de plus de 1300 spécimens actualise la situation à propos des Diptères de la famille des Psilidae. Une liste de la faune française (continentale) est proposée, accompagnée de clés de détermination illustrées des six genres et des 37 espèces françaises (avec cinq autres espèces potentielles). Pour le genre Chamaepsila, la clé présentée est provisoire. L’illustration des pièces génitales du mâle de Chamaepsila villosula est cependant inédite. Quelques éléments d’écologie (chorologie et habitats larvaire notamment) des espèces citées sont également détaillés à partir des éléments rassemblés dans la littérature.
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Ye, Jun-Wei, Hai-Yang Wu, Meng-Jiao Fu, Pei Zhang, and Bin Tian. "Insights Into the Significance of the Chinense Loess Plateau for Preserving Biodiversity From the Phylogeography of Speranskia tuberculata (Euphorbiaceae)." Frontiers in Plant Science 12 (February 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.604251.
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The significance of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) in maintaining biodiversity for northern China has rarely been shown, as previous phylogeographic studies are mostly woody species and they have revealed that Quaternary refugia are mainly located in mountain regions. We selected a drought-enduring endemic herb, Speranskia tuberculata (Euphorbiaceae), to determine its glacial refugia and postglacial demographic history. To this end, we sampled 423 individuals from 38 populations covering its entire geographic distribution. Three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments, two low-copy nuclear genes, and six nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs) were used and supplemented with ecological niche modeling (ENM) to infer the phylogeographic history of this species. Populations with private haplotypes and high haplotype diversity of cpDNA are mainly located in the CLP or scattered around northeastern China and the coastal region. Spatial expansion, detected using a neutrality test and mismatch distribution, may have resulted in a widely distributed ancestral cpDNA haplotype, especially outside of the CLP. For nuclear DNA, private haplotypes are also distributed mainly in the CLP. In nSSRs, STRUCTURE clustering identified two genetic clusters, which are distributed in the west (western cluster) and east (eastern cluster), respectively. Many populations belonged, with little to no admixture, to the western cluster while (hardly) pure populations of the eastern cluster were barely found. Genetic differentiation is significantly correlated with geographic distance, although genetic diversity is uniformly distributed. ENM suggests that the distribution of S. tuberculata has recently expanded northwards from the southern CLP, whereas it has experienced habitat loss in the south. Thus, S. tuberculata populations probably survived the last glacial maximum (LGM) in the southern CLP and experienced post-glacial expansion. Wind-dispersed pollen could bring the majority of genotypes to the front during spatial expansion, resulting in uniformly distributed genetic diversity. Based on evidence from molecular data and vegetation and climate changes since the LGM, we conclude that drought-enduring species, especially herbaceous species, are likely to have persisted in the CLP during the LGM and to have experienced expansion to other regions in northern China.
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Mlinarić, Selma, Lidija Begović, Neven Tripić, Antonija Piškor, and Vera Cesar. "Evaluation of Light-Dependent Photosynthetic Reactions in Reynoutria japonica Houtt. Leaves Grown at Different Light Conditions." Frontiers in Plant Science 12 (August 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.612702.
Full textAbstract:
The Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.) is considered as one of the most aggressive and highly successful invasive plants with a negative impact on invaded habitats. Its uncontrolled expansion became a significant threat to the native species throughout Europe. Due to its extensive rhizome system, rapid growth, and allelopathic activity, it usually forms monocultures that negatively affect the nearby vegetation. The efficient regulation of partitioning and utilization of energy in photosynthesis enables invasive plants to adapt rapidly a variety of environmental conditions. Therefore, we aimed to determine the influence of light conditions on photosynthetic reactions in the Japanese knotweed. Plants were grown under two different light regimes, namely, constant low light (CLL, 40 μmol/m2/s) and fluctuating light (FL, 0–1,250 μmol/m2/s). To evaluate the photosynthetic performance, the direct and modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence was measured. Plants grown at a CLL served as control. The photosynthetic measurements revealed better photosystem II (PSII) stability and functional oxygen-evolving center of plants grown in FL. They also exhibited more efficient conversion of excitation energy to electron transport and an efficient electron transport beyond the primary electron acceptor QA, all the way to PSI. The enhanced photochemical activity of PSI suggested the formation of a successful adaptive mechanism by regulating the distribution of excitation energy between PSII and PSI to minimize photooxidative damage. A faster oxidation at the PSI side most probably resulted in the generation of the cyclic electron flow around PSI. Besides, the short-term exposure of FL-grown knotweeds to high light intensity increased the yield induced by downregulatory processes, suggesting that the generation of the cyclic electron flow protected PSI from photoinhibition.