Academic literature on the topic 'Habitat definition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Habitat definition"
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Bullimore, Ross D., Nicola L. Foster, and Kerry L. Howell. "Coral-characterized benthic assemblages of the deep Northeast Atlantic: defining “Coral Gardens” to support future habitat mapping efforts." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 3 (January 23, 2013): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss195.
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Abstract Bullimore, R. D., Foster, N. L., and Howell, K. L. 2013. Coral-characterized benthic assemblages of the deep Northeast Atlantic: defining “Coral Gardens” to support future habitat mapping efforts – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 511–522. Providing statistically robust maps of habitat distributions on which to base spatial planning and management of the marine area is reliant upon established and agreed descriptions and definitions of habitats. “Coral Gardens” is an Oslo–Paris Convention (OSPAR) listed habitat, which currently cannot be reliably mapped as a result of poorly developed deep-sea habitat classification systems and habitat definitions. The aim of this study is to assess and inform development of the current definition of this habitat to support future mapping efforts. This study uses multivariate community analysis of video data to identify deep-sea benthic assemblages characterized by coral taxa and thus constituting a potential “coral gardens” habitat. Assemblages are assessed against a set of qualifying criteria, derived from current definitions of “coral gardens”, first at the assemblage level then sample by sample. The current definition of “coral gardens” captures a range of benthic assemblages, thus “Coral Gardens” cannot be considered a single “habitat”. While 19 assemblages are identified as being characterized by one or more coral garden taxa, only 8 meet the qualifying criteria. It is suggested that the current definition incorporates descriptions of the different “Coral Gardens” assemblages together with guidance on threshold densities for coral species specific to each assemblage type.
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Chamberlain, D. E., and R. J. Fuller. "Density-Dependent Habitat Distribution in Birds: Issues of Scale, Habitat Definition and Habitat Availability." Journal of Avian Biology 30, no. 4 (December 1999): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3677015.
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Kremsater, Laurie L., and Fred L. Bunnell. "Testing responses to forest edges: the example of black-tailed deer." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 12 (December 1, 1992): 2426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-326.
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Variations in deer response to edge habitat have been attributed to three sources: (1) differences in habitat mosaics among study areas, (2) inconsistent definition of habitat deemed available to a deer, and (3) differences in edge characteristics. The potential influences of these factors were evaluated using data for black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) collected on Vancouver Island, B.C. Edges were defined among clear-cut, second-growth, and old-growth habitats. Deer distributions and movements were determined using radiotelemetry. Little response of deer to edges was detectable where habitat was a fine-grained mosaic of forage and cover areas. Where forage and cover occurred in clearly distinct habitats, responses to edge were apparent. Techniques defining area available to wildlife in use–availability analyses differ among studies. We found that the impact of changing the area considered to be available mattered little when habitats were finely interspersed. We could not unequivocally separate effects of differences in habitat mosaics from effects of differences in vegetative characteristics of edge habitat, but results were consistent with other findings that edges are less important when forage and cover are interspersed. We discuss the implications of our findings for the interpretation of research results.
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Kaartvedt, Stein, Tom J. Langbehn, and Dag L. Aksnes. "Enlightening the ocean’s twilight zone." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 4 (February 4, 2019): 803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz010.
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Abstract By definition, the mesopelagic twilight zone extends from 200 to 1000 m depth. Rather than confining the twilight zone to a certain depth interval, we here propose a definition that covers absolute light intensities ranging from 10−9 to 10−1 μmol quanta m−2 s−1. The lowest intensity of this twilight habitat corresponds to the visual threshold of lanternfishes (Myctophidae). The highest intensity corresponds to the upper light exposure of pearlsides (Maurolicus spp.), which have a unique eye adapted to higher light intensities than the lanternfishes. By this definition, the daytime twilight habitat extends deeper than 1000 m in very clear oceanic water, while may even be largely located above 200 m in very murky coastal waters. During moonlit nights in clear water, the twilight habitat would still extend deep into the mesopelagic depth zone, while becoming compressed toward the surface in dark nights. Large variation in night light, from 10−3 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 during moonlit nights to 10−8 μmol quanta m−2 s−1 in dark overcast nights, implies that division of light into night- and daylight is insufficient to characterize the habitats and distributional patterns of twilight organisms. Future research will benefit from in situ light measurements, during night- as well as daytime, and habitat classification based on optical properties in addition to depth. We suggest some pertinent research questions for future exploration of the twilight zone.
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BRAMBILLA, MATTIA, CLAUDIO CELADA, and MARCO GUSTIN. "Setting Favourable Habitat Reference Values for breeding birds: general principles and examples for passerine birds." Bird Conservation International 24, no. 3 (October 29, 2013): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270913000488.
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SummarySetting Favourable Reference Values (FRVs) can assist the definition of the conservation status of a species. FRVs may consider population, habitat, and range. FRVs can indicate a range of values for different parameters, which should allow the long-term persistence of a species/population. We propose a method for the definition of reference values for the habitat (FRV-H or HRV) of breeding bird species. HRV should cover habitat extent and quality, both required to ensure long-term persistence. Extent HRV should express a measure of suitable area, whereas quality HRV could be defined as the range of values for habitat variables known to affect habitat quality. To define an extent HRV, we built species distribution models (SDMs) and set extent HRV as the extent of potentially suitable habitat under a conservative approach. Quality HRV should refer to environmental determinants/correlates of occurrence and breeding success, and should be defined by the identification of the habitat factors affecting occurrence and reproduction. When habitat selection is adaptive, habitat suitability may approximate habitat quality, being correlated with breeding success. In that case, fine-scaled habitat/distribution models may be used to identify determinants/correlates of reproductive output, and such species-habitat relationships may help define quality HRV. We show examples using the Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio as a model. The use of habitat selection models, which can be made spatially explicit generating distribution models, may assist the definition of both extension and quality HRVs. Species-habitat models can allow the individuation of factors and relative values affecting species occurrence/reproduction (quality HRV), and the definition of the spatial distribution and quantity of potentially suitable habitat (extent HRV). Our approach is one of the possible ones, aiming at finding a “suitable” trade-off between affordable data and scientific precision. HRVs should be used together with population and range FRVs to assess the status of a species/population.
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Bekkby, Trine, and Martin Isæus. "Mapping large, shallow inlets and bays: modelling a Natura 2000 habitat with digital terrain and wave-exposure models." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 238–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn005.
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Abstract Bekkby, T., and Isæus, M. 2008. Mapping large, shallow inlets and bays: modelling a Natura 2000 habitat with digital terrain and wave-exposure models. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 238–241. EU member countries are obliged to protect a certain share of Natura 2000 habitats. Hence, these habitats must be mapped. This paper is an attempt to provide a tool for modelling one of the Natura 2000 habitat, the “large shallow inlets and bays” (Natura 2000 habitat 1160), using a Norwegian archipelagic area as a case study. The Natura 2000 definition of the habitat is interpreted into criteria used for modelling, and a spatial prediction is presented on a map. The effect of scale, regarding both spatial resolution of data and methodology, is also tested. This is the first publicly accessible attempt to model the Natura 2000 habitat. It shows that the result of the modelling depends on the spatial resolution of the data and the methods used in the modelling process. Using data at a 10-m and a 25-m resolution provides good results, and even the model based on the 50-m data provided an acceptable overall picture.
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Bonari, Gianmaria, Edy Fantinato, Lorenzo Lazzaro, Marta Gaia Sperandii, Alicia Teresa Rosario Acosta, Marina Allegrezza, Silvia Assini, et al. "Shedding light on typical species: implications for habitat monitoring." Plant Sociology 58, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pls2020581/08.
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Habitat monitoring in Europe is regulated by Article 17 of the Habitats Directive, which suggests the use of typical species to habitat conservation status. Yet, the Directive uses the term “typical” species but does not provide a definition, either for its use in reporting or for its use in impact assessments. To address the issue, an online workshop was organized by the Italian Society for Vegetation Science (SISV) to shed light on the diversity of perspectives regarding the different concepts of typical species, and to discuss the possible implications for habitat monitoring. To this aim, we inquired 73 people with a very different degree of expertise in the field of vegetation science by means of a tailored survey composed of six questions. We analysed the data using Pearson's Chi-squared test to verify that the answers diverged from a random distribution and checked the effect of the degree of experience of the surveyees on the results. We found that most of the surveyees agreed on the use of the phytosociological method for habitat monitoring and of the diagnostic and characteristic species to evaluate the structural and functional conservation status of habitats. With this contribution, we shed light on the meaning of “typical” species in the context of habitat monitoring.
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Herricks, Edwin E., and Maria I. Braga. "Habitat Elements in River Basin Management and Planning." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0063.
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Comprehensive river basin management mast move beyond narrowly focused programs dealing with water quantity or water quality. A more comprehensive approach to river basin management recognizes that both flow quantity and water quality can be summarized as habitat measures. A number of well developed physical habitat analysis and prediction procedures are presently available. Several computerized systems available from the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service (Habitat Suitability Index - HSI and PHysical HABitat SIMulation - PHABSIM) provide macrohabitat definition. We have developed a water quality based habitat component which operates effectively for general analysis. With an emphasis on site specific management in the United States, the macrohabitat definition procedures may not meet all river basin management and planning requirements. This paper reviews the results of research which characterizes microhabitat in streams and rivers and provides a valuable extension to basin management procedures.
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Ilich, Alexander R., Jennifer L. Brizzolara, Sarah E. Grasty, John W. Gray, Matthew Hommeyer, Chad Lembke, Stanley D. Locker, et al. "Integrating Towed Underwater Video and Multibeam Acoustics for Marine Benthic Habitat Mapping and Fish Population Estimation." Geosciences 11, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11040176.
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The west Florida shelf (WFS; Gulf of Mexico, USA) is an important area for commercial and recreational fishing, yet much of it remains unmapped and unexplored, hindering effective monitoring of fish stocks. The goals of this study were to map the habitat at an intensively fished area on the WFS known as “The Elbow”, assess the differences in fish communities among different habitat types, and estimate the abundance of each fish taxa within the study area. High-resolution multibeam bathymetric and backscatter data were combined with high-definition (HD) video data collected from a near-bottom towed vehicle to characterize benthic habitat as well as identify and enumerate fishes. Two semi-automated statistical classifiers were implemented for obtaining substrate maps. The supervised classification (random forest) performed significantly better (p = 0.001; α = 0.05) than the unsupervised classification (k-means clustering). Additionally, we found it was important to include predictors at a range of spatial scales. Significant differences were found in the fish community composition among the different habitat types, with both substrate and vertical relief found to be important with rock substrate and higher relief areas generally associated with greater fish density. Our results are consistent with the idea that offshore hard-bottom habitats, particularly those of higher vertical relief, serve as “essential fish habitat”, as these rocky habitats account for just 4% of the study area but 65% of the estimated total fish abundance. However, sand contributes 35% to total fish abundance despite comparably low densities due to its large area, indicating the importance of including these habitats in estimates of abundance as well. This work demonstrates the utility of combining towed underwater video sampling and multibeam echosounder maps for habitat mapping and estimation of fish abundance.
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Neat, Francis C., Alan J. Jamieson, Heather A. Stewart, Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy, Neil Collie, Michael Stewart, and Thomas D. Linley. "Visual evidence of reduced seafloor conditions and indications of a cold-seep ecosystem from the Hatton–Rockall basin (NE Atlantic)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315418000115.
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High definition video from a towed camera system was used to describe the deep-sea benthic habitats within an elongate depression located at the western margin of Rockall Bank in the Hatton–Rockall Basin. At depths greater than 1190 m, an extensive area (10 km long by 1.5 km wide) of what appeared to be reduced sediments, bacterial mats and flocculent matter indicated possible cold-seep habitat. Plumes of sediment-rich fluid were observed alongside raised elongate features that gave topographic relief to the otherwise flat seafloor. In the deepest section of the depression (1215 m) dense flocculent matter was observed suspended in the water column, in places obscuring the seabed. Away from the bacterial mats, the habitat changed rapidly to sediments dominated by tube-dwelling polychaete worms and then to deep-sea sedimentary habitats more typical for the water depth (sponges and burrowing megafauna in areas of gentle slopes, and coral gardens on steeper slopes).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Habitat definition"
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Jeanmougin, Martin. "Relations entre espèces et habitats : de la théorie aux enjeux appliqués." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0016/document.
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Le constat actuel d’une perte de biodiversité est largement partagé au sein de la communauté scientifique mais également auprès du public et du monde politique. L’attention portée depuis plus d’une décennie aux changements climatiques et à leurs effets sur la biodiversité a parfois conduit à négliger le principal facteur d’érosion de la biodiversité : la destruction des habitats. Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier les relations entre espèces et habitats avec un focus particulier sur différentes composantes de ces relations.La thèse aborde ainsi dans une première partie l’histoire et l’évolution du concept d’habitat en écologie et met en évidence une construction complexe de ce concept. Celle-ci montre par exemple une dichotomie autour de la définition du concept d’habitat avec une approche espèce-centrée d’un côté et une approche communauté-centrée de l’autre. Ces deux définitions se retrouvent aujourd’hui avec divers degrés d’importance dans leur utilisation selon les différents acteurs de la conservation, des scientifiques aux politiques. Ensuite, au travers du prisme de l’écologie du paysage, la thèse s’intéresse aux problématiques des échelles spatiales via une étude sur la distribution d’espèces d’arthropodes dans les paysages métropolitains. Les résultats mettent en évidence que les échelles spatiales de réponses des espèces aux mesures du paysage sont très variables et ceci indépendamment de la représentation choisie du paysage. La théorie prédirait pourtant une certaine cohérence en fonction par exemple de certains traits écologiques. Ainsi, l’échelle spatiale de relations des espèces avec le paysage, qui est considérée comme l’échelle de perception et d’interaction des espèces avec le paysage, semble difficile à caractériser en utilisant les méthodes habituellement appliquées en écologie des paysages. La relation entre espèces et habitats peut se quantifier via les mesures de spécialisation. Nous avons taché de comprendre comment les espèces dites spécialistes se répartissent le long d’un gradient continu d’habitat et en particulier le rôle des environnements hétérogènes dans ces patrons de spécialisations. Dans ce cadre théorique, l’hypothèse de complémentation, qui stipule que certaines espèces ont besoin d’une certaine hétérogénéité environnementale, n’a pas pu être vérifiée. En effet, même si certaines espèces présentent des affinités particulières pour ces milieux hétérogènes, elles n’en sont pas pour autant spécialistes. Ces espèces semblent plutôt des généralistes qui sont exclues des milieux plus homogènes où l’on retrouve plus fréquemment des espèces spécialistes, plus compétitives. Ces résultats permettent d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur les règles d’assemblages des communautés d’espèces, en particulier le long d’un gradient continu d’habitat. Finalement, l’implication du concept d’habitat dans les politiques publiques de conservation a été étudiée en menant une évaluation du volet « habitat » de la Directive Habitats européenne. Différents critères, touchant autant à l’application qu’à la construction, à la légitimation et aux aboutissements de la directive en matière de conservation ont été utilisés pour cette évaluation. A travers des exemples concrets et l’analyse du corpus bibliographique, ce travail a permis identifier d’importantes lacunes de connaissances au sein de la directive qui entravent ces critères. Ce travail met finalement en évidence un découplage entre les aspects scientifiques et leurs applications dans la directive et questionne l’opportunité d’utiliser le niveau habitat pour répondre à des problématiques de conservation. En conclusion, ce travail de thèse, axé sur le concept d’habitat, a permis d’identifier certaines complexités, théoriques ou appliquées, qui peuvent entraver une meilleure compréhension des relations entre espèces et habitats et il offre des pistes pour mieux les appréhender et pousse ainsi à penser autrement ces relationsThe loss of biodiversity is largely acknowledged by the scientific community but also by the public and politicians. Most research on biodiversity loss is focused on climate change effects, and neglects the main factor of biodiversity loss: habitat destruction. The aim of this thesis is to study species-habitats relationships with a particular focus on the different components of these relationships. In a first part, the thesis deals with the history and the evolution of the concept of habitat in ecology. Particularly, it highlights a complex construction of this concept. For instance, the analysis shows a dichotomy around the definition of the concept of habitat with on one hand, a species-centered approach and on the other hand, a community-centered approach. These definitions are still used nowadays by the different actors of conservation, from scientists to politicians, but with different degrees of importance. Then, through the prism of landscape ecology, the thesis is interested in spatial scale issues via a study of arthropods species distribution in French landscapes. Results show that the spatial scales of species responses to landscapes measures are highly variable. This result holds true whatever the representation of landscape used in the analysis. However, theory would predict some consistencies in spatial scales of response, for example in relation to ecological traits of species. Hence, the spatial scale of relationship between a species and its landscape, which is considered as the scale of perception and interaction of the species with its environment, seems difficult to characterize using usual methodology developed in landscape ecology. Species-habitats relationships can be quantified using specialization measurement. In the next part of the thesis, we try to understand how specialist species are spread along a continuous gradient of habitat and in particular, the role of heterogeneous environments in driving observed patterns of specialization. In this theoretical context, the hypothesis of complementation, which states that particular species need some environmental heterogeneity to strive, cannot be verified. Even if some species prefer heterogeneous landscape, they cannot be classified as specialists. These species seems to be generalists that are excluded from more homogeneous landscape due to competition rather than real specialists that are more often found in these landscapes. These results shed a new light on rules of assemblage of species communities, particularly along a continuous gradient of habitat.Finally, in a last part, the importance of the concept of habitat in conservation public policies is studied. An evaluation of the “habitat” part of the European Habitats Directive is proposed. Different criteria, related to the application, construction, legitimacy and outcomes of the directive were used to evaluate the policy. Through some concrete examples and an extensive literature analysis, this work allows identifying important knowledge gaps in the directive that imped evaluation criteria. Results show a discrepancy between scientific aspects and their application in the directive, questioning the opportunity to use the habitat level to answer to conservation issues. To conclude, this thesis, focused on the concept of habitat, allows identifying important theoretical and applied knowledge gaps that imped a better understanding of species-habitats relationships. This work offers new perspectives and challenges the way we usually think, as scientists, these relationships
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Friberg, Caroline. "Fysisk aktivitet : En kvalitativ studie om elevers definition av fysisk aktivitet och förväntningar på fritidshemmet utifrån socioekonomisk status." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för didaktik och lärares praktik (DLP), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76606.
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Syftet med denna studie är att få fördjupade kunskaper om hur eleverna ser på fysisk aktivitet och vilka förväntningar eleverna har på fritidshemmet utifrån socioekonomisk status. Att eleverna får göra sina tankar hörda, eftersom det inte finns många studier som har fokuserat på elevernas tankar om fysisk aktivitet. Genomförde fokussamtal med tjugo elever på ett fritidshem i södra Sverige, där det fanns olika socioekonomiska statusar bland elevernas familjer. Dessa elever valdes ut genom subjektivt- och bekvämlighets urval, eftersom forskaren har förkunskaper om vilka elever som tillhör vilken socioekonomisk status. Förkunskaper fanns även om att elevernas syn ser olika ut på fysisk aktivitet och det passade denna studie bra därför valdes dessa respondenter. Resultatet av elevernas tolkning av fysisk aktivitet är bland annat att ”springa” och ”röra sig i olika former som spela innebandy”. Studien kom fram till att det inte skiljer sig mycket mellan de olika socioekonomiska statusarna i denna kategori. Däremot när eleverna fick svara på vilka idrotter och fritidsaktiviteter som de går på skiljer det sig en hel del, några elever som tillhör lägre socioekonomiska status genomför ingen aktivitet alls på fritiden. Några elever har mellan tre till fyra olika aktiviteter per vecka, dessa elever tillhör högre socioekonomiska status. Elevernas förväntningar ser olika ut några elever ville ha mer fysiska aktiviteter i idrottssalen och andra ville ha mer ute som i skogen och på skolgården. Det har troligtvis en koppling till familjens socioekonomiska status, eftersom vårdnadshavares egna fysiska aktivitet påverkar hur eleverna tänker om fysisk aktivitet.
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Wiberg, Åsa. ""Man skulle behöva en definition av Skolverket" : en studie om idrottslärarstudenters föreställningar om natur och friluftsliv i lärarutbildning och ämnet idrott och hälsa." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-39021.
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Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka blivande idrottslärares erfarenheter av och smak för natur och friluftsliv och hur det kommer till uttryck i deras föreställningar om natur och friluftsliv i utbildningen och skolämnet idrott och hälsa. I studien, som har en kvalitativ ansats, har använts ostrukturerade intervjuer i fokusgrupper. Resultatet är analyserat med hjälp av Bourdieus teorier och begrepp om fält, kapital, habitus och smak. Resultatet visar att respondenterna i denna studie har erfarenhet av friluftsliv av det enkla slaget. När de börjar sin lärarutbildning i friluftsliv uppstår en krock i mötet mellan respondenternas habitus med enkelt friluftsliv i närmiljön och lärarutbildningens ”spelregler” där vana och erfarenheter av mer exklusivt friluftsliv erkänns värde. Smak eller avsmak för friluftsliv förstärks under utbildningen. Respondenterna upplever också en problematik med tolkning av begreppen natur och friluftsliv som är mångfasetterade. Natur beskrivs som å ena sidan orörd vildmark och å andra sidan som en park i staden. En aktivitet betraktas som friluftsliv i ett sammanhang och samma aktivitet betraktas som idrott i ett annat. Resultatet visar också på en samsyn hos respondenterna vad gäller hur undervisning i friluftsliv inom ämnet idrott och hälsa ska genomföras i framtidens skola. Intresse eller smak för friluftsliv är enligt respondenterna en förutsättning för att kunna undervisa på ett professionellt sätt. Det räcker inte med att vara kompetent didaktiskt och färdighetsmässigt och en viktig aspekt för respondenterna är också att följa styrdokumentens intentioner vad gäller friluftsliv.The purpose of this study is to investigate the prospective PE teachers' experiences of and taste for nature and outdoor life, how it is reflected in their beliefs about nature and outdoor activities in education and school physical education. The method of the study, which has a qualitative approach, has been unstructured interviews and focus groups. The results are analyzed with the help of Bourdieu's theories and concepts of field, capital, habitus and taste. The result shows that the respondents in this study have had experiences of outdoor activities that are of a simple nature. When they start their teacher training in outdoor activities, there is a collision between the respondents' habitus with simple outdoor life in their local environment and the teacher training "game rules" where the experience of more upscale and advanced outdoor activities are recognized and valued. Taste or distaste for outdoor activities is amplified during training. Respondents also experience problems with the interpretation of the concepts of nature and outdoor activities that are multifaceted. Nature is described on the one hand as untouched wilderness and on the other hand as a park in the city. An activity is considered an outdoor activity in one context and the same activity is regarded as a sport in another context. The results also show a consensus among respondents when regarding the teaching of outdoor activities in physical education and how it should be implemented in the future of the school. Interest in or a taste for outdoor activities, according to respondents, is essential to teach in a professional manner. It is not enough to only have a didactic skill but an important aspect for the respondents are also the ability to follow the policy documents’ intentions with regard to outdoor recreation.
Books on the topic "Habitat definition"
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Klauda, Ronald J. Definitions of critical environmental conditions for selected Chesapeake Bay finfishes exposed to acidic episodes in spawning and nursery habitats. Annapolis, Md: The Division, 1989.
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Rodrigues, Joanne Reid. Slim, happy & free: The definitive guide to ending yo-yo dieting, finding peace, and fulfilling your life. Berkeley, Calif: Jonquil Press, 2012.
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Barke, Jeffrey I. The Definitive Southern California Diet: What Really Works, What Usually Doesn't, and Why It Matters. Americas Group, 2004.
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Stitzlein, Sarah M. Educating Citizens Through and For Democracy and Our Public Schools. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190657383.003.0009.
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In this chapter I offer some insight into our current context and needs in order to highlight some of the habits that schools should be fostering to sustain key elements of democracy and improve existing democracy. At the same time, I recognize that the educational approaches and goals themselves must be open to change. Aligned with the definition of responsibility I offered in chapter five, these habits are social and relational. They often entail a proclivity to act with others and are driven by concerns with the well-being of democracy and fellow citizens. Developing these habits can help our budding citizens fulfill their role responsibilities. I complete the cycle for sustaining democracy via education by describing improved citizenship education, including habits of democracy teachable within our schools, where we develop citizens through democracy and our public schools.
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Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter, and Hanna Pickard. What is Addiction? Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0050.
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Variation in addiction suggests that a good definition will be précising: it should serve a purpose. The authors canvass the various purposes served by a definition of addiction in psychiatric, social, legal, economic, interpersonal and scientific contexts. They argue that addiction is a strong and habitual want that significantly reduces control and leads to significant harm. What counts as significant varies relative to purpose and context. The authors offer a basic account of the nature of control and how and why it can be reduced. The chapter explores the nature of harm and why it is part of the definition. And it concludes by suggesting that progress in understanding addiction depends on bearing in mind the various purposes and contexts of enquiry, together with the common-sense but often neglected point that both control and harm come in degrees.
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León Felipe : de la soledad española al definitivo exilio mexicano,1884-1938 : (Aproximación a un poeta habitante del olvido). Olifante, 2018.
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Di Paolo, Ezequiel A., Thomas Buhrmann, and Xabier E. Barandiaran. Structures of sensorimotor engagement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786849.003.0003.
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The idea of lawful relations between sensory and motor patterns, or sensorimotor contingencies (SMCs), lies at the heart of sensorimotor approaches to perception. Yet despite the concept’s importance, surprisingly few attempts have been made to define it formally. On closer inspection, the notion admits different interpretations. In this chapter, a dynamical formalization of agent–environment interaction serves as the starting point to identify four kinds of SMCs, which are defined in operational terms. These are the notions of sensorimotor environment (open-loop motor-induced sensory variations), sensorimotor habitat (closed-loop sensorimotor trajectories), sensorimotor coordination (reliable sensorimotor patterns playing a functional role), and sensorimotor scheme (normative organization of sensorimotor coordination events). The definitions are put to the test in a simple simulated object-discrimination task and their effect on the conceptual development and empirical, as well as model-based testing of the claims of the sensorimotor approach is discussed.
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Corder, Kirsten, and Ulf Ekelund. Physical activity. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0010.
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Chapter 10 discusses the assessment and interpretation of physical activity in young people in three main sections. The first section is an introduction to why we need to measure physical activity more accurately with definitions of various terminologies commonly used in the field of physical activity research. It then moves on to describe methods used to measure habitual physical activity in children and adolescents, summarizing advantages and limitations of each. The last section discusses the issues surrounding the interpretation of physical activity data in young people.
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Humle, Tatyana. Material Culture in Primates. Edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0017.
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This article focuses on the idea of material culture in primates. The ascription of culture to non-human animals has been controversial and a source of much debate. Much of this debate hinges on the definition of culture. This article cites the classic definition by Tylor which says that culture as ‘that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society’. The term ‘culture’ was first used in relation to non-human primates by Kummer. This article explains elementary technology among primates which concerns predominantly subsistence behaviours, expressed in, often complex, foraging techniques. Elementary technology among wild primates is typically based on natural materials, whether vegetation or non-organic matter. The various processes involved in the transmission of material culture are explained in detail. An in-depth analysis of the conditions of material culture followed by a study of culture among primates concludes this article.
Book chapters on the topic "Habitat definition"
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Fetzer, James H. "Primitive Concepts: Habits, Conventions, and Laws." In Definitions and Definability: Philosophical Perspectives, 51–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3346-3_3.
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Draelants, Isabelle. "Creation, Generation, Force, Motion and Habit: Medieval Theoretical Definitions of Nature." In Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, 27–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19082-8_2.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Richard E. Gutting. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch4.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—Food production in the United States from ocean fisheries is leveling off after impressive growth in the 1970s and 1980s. Fishery officials project further gains through more effective regulation of harvests and reduced discarding of catch. In the longer term, however, the most important opportunity to boost production involves rehabilitating fishery habitats that have been damaged or lost because of poor management. Many thousand tons of additional seafood production can be “unlocked” for fishermen and consumers if habitats are restored. Changes in 1996 to the Magnuson- Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (the Magnuson-Stevens Act) call for the mapping of these habitats and the inclusion of habitat concerns in fishery management planning. These new requirements, if properly implemented, will help focus the attention of fishermen and seafood consumers on what is being lost and what needs to be done to restore productivity. Although these requirements are a good first step, the rules and guidance for the new essential fish habitat (EFH) provisions are fundamentally flawed. For example, the rules to implement EFH provisions muddle the Magnuson-Stevens Act’s definition of EFH with numerous references to prey species and vague ecological ideas. Especially troubling is the introduction by the National Marine Fisheries Service through the rules of the concept of “contribution to a healthy ecosystem” as an apparent standard for delineating necessary amounts of EFH. In addition, it is important to remember that competition among fishing fleets is fierce, and the promise of these new habitat requirements could be lost if habitat concerns become enmeshed in the ongoing political battles for harvest allocations.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Richard E. Gutting. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch4.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—Food production in the United States from ocean fisheries is leveling off after impressive growth in the 1970s and 1980s. Fishery officials project further gains through more effective regulation of harvests and reduced discarding of catch. In the longer term, however, the most important opportunity to boost production involves rehabilitating fishery habitats that have been damaged or lost because of poor management. Many thousand tons of additional seafood production can be “unlocked” for fishermen and consumers if habitats are restored. Changes in 1996 to the Magnuson- Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (the Magnuson-Stevens Act) call for the mapping of these habitats and the inclusion of habitat concerns in fishery management planning. These new requirements, if properly implemented, will help focus the attention of fishermen and seafood consumers on what is being lost and what needs to be done to restore productivity. Although these requirements are a good first step, the rules and guidance for the new essential fish habitat (EFH) provisions are fundamentally flawed. For example, the rules to implement EFH provisions muddle the Magnuson-Stevens Act’s definition of EFH with numerous references to prey species and vague ecological ideas. Especially troubling is the introduction by the National Marine Fisheries Service through the rules of the concept of “contribution to a healthy ecosystem” as an apparent standard for delineating necessary amounts of EFH. In addition, it is important to remember that competition among fishing fleets is fierce, and the promise of these new habitat requirements could be lost if habitat concerns become enmeshed in the ongoing political battles for harvest allocations.
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Veech, Joseph A. "Introduction." In Habitat Ecology and Analysis, 3–28. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829287.003.0001.
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As a verbal descriptor, theoretical concept, and natural unit of biological organization, “habitat” has a long history in ecology. Use of the term dates back over 250 years to Linnaeus. However, the modern concept of habitat was slow to emerge. Starting in the early twentieth century, it became relatively common to use “habitat” as a descriptor for the vegetation and other environmental conditions where a species is found. Eventually, habitat came to be defined in a more multi-faceted way as the physical structure of the place where a species exists as well as the resources provided at the location. More so than any other ecologists, Joseph Grinnell and Victor Shelford are to be given the most credit in bringing about our modern concept and definition of habitat. In the 1920s, Georgy Gause conducted what was probably the first quantitative study of habitat; he examined the habitat associations of 15 grasshopper species. In the 1930s, through the writings of Aldo Leopold, wildlife ecology emerged as an academic discipline distinct from ecology. In studying habitat, wildlife ecologists were also attempting to determine the habitat requirements of a species. This was another important step forward; recognition that daily survival of individuals and maintenance of the population and species came about to the extent that necessary habitat conditions and resources were met. Although there is currently some debate about the exact definition of habitat and related terms, the modern concept of habitat is widely accepted.
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"Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States." In Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States, edited by MICHAEL R. HEITHAUS. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569810.ch1.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Nursery areas are widely considered to be essential habitats for sharks. While there have been many efforts to determine the locations of nurseries in coastal waters and studies of movements within these nurseries, few studies have attempted to identify the factors that influence nursery area selection and habitat use within nurseries. Such data are critical for identifying essential habitats within nurseries and determining the factors that might set the carrying capacity of these areas. Behavioral and ecological theory provides important insights into nursery area use and the definition of essential habitats. For example, simply measuring the density of animals in various habitats can lead to (1) incorrect identification of critical areas because animal density and habitat quality (or importance) do not always coincide, and (2) incorrect assumptions about the factors limiting population sizes. Food abundance and predation risk are likely important determinants of nursery area selection, habitat use within nurseries, and carrying capacity of nurseries. Currently, we know little about how these factors and the physical features of the environment (e.g., water temperature, habitat structure) influence juvenile sharks. Here, I review our current understanding of shark nurseries in a theoretical context to identify areas where future studies are required and generate testable hypotheses regarding the use of nursery habitats.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by J. Stanley Cobb, Michael Clancy, and Richard A. Wahle. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch21.
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<em>Abstract.</em> —The American lobster <em>Homarus americanus </em> is usually associated with rocky substrate that provides or can be modified into shelter and that may be an essential habitat to early benthic-phase juveniles. The dependence on shelter-providing habitat not only makes possible the definition of essential habitat for lobsters but also permits the assessment of abundance based on the areal extent of habitat. Here, we describe such a habitat-based assessment, performed in response to an oil spill on the coast of Rhode Island, USA. Results from a side-scan sonar survey performed after the spill indicated that the amount of lobster habitat affected by the oil was approximately 9.8 km2 along nearly 15 km of coastline. Postspill lobster density ranged from 0.24 lobsters m22 in the impact region to 1.63 lobsters m22 in the control region. Qualitative (map contours of lobster density) and quantitative (statistical tests) approaches suggested a significant effect of the spill had been detected by our sampling. An estimate of the total number of lobsters killed was required to scale restoration efforts. We calculated the total number of lobsters in the area by overlaying contours of lobster density on a habitat map generated by side-scan sonar, then multiplying the density of lobsters in each contour interval by the area of appropriate lobster habitat (cobble and boulder) in the contour interval. To calculate loss, we subtracted postspill abundance from prespill abundance. Prespill density was estimated to be 1.76 m22, which is an adjusted average of airlift samples taken at six Rhode Island sites four months prior to the spill. Calculations of loss based on habitat-specific density estimates were adjusted to reflect undersampling. The loss was estimated to be to be 9.0 × 106 lobsters. Variability associated with this loss estimate is large; 95% confidence intervals estimated that between 6.7 × 106 and 15.6 × 106 lobsters were lost. The calculated loss was very sensitive to changes in prespill density estimates; a change of 0.1 lobsters m22 resulted in a change of 0.75–0.9 × 106 lobsters lost. Habitatbased assessment of lobster population size is possible but requires detailed habitat maps and accurate density estimates. Natural variability and sampling limitations give such assessment a wide range of possible values. Nevertheless, the airlift sampling technique, together with sidescan sonar maps of habitat, could provide a powerful tool for estimating the abundance of inshore lobsters.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by J. Stanley Cobb, Michael Clancy, and Richard A. Wahle. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch21.
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<em>Abstract.</em> —The American lobster <em>Homarus americanus </em> is usually associated with rocky substrate that provides or can be modified into shelter and that may be an essential habitat to early benthic-phase juveniles. The dependence on shelter-providing habitat not only makes possible the definition of essential habitat for lobsters but also permits the assessment of abundance based on the areal extent of habitat. Here, we describe such a habitat-based assessment, performed in response to an oil spill on the coast of Rhode Island, USA. Results from a side-scan sonar survey performed after the spill indicated that the amount of lobster habitat affected by the oil was approximately 9.8 km2 along nearly 15 km of coastline. Postspill lobster density ranged from 0.24 lobsters m22 in the impact region to 1.63 lobsters m22 in the control region. Qualitative (map contours of lobster density) and quantitative (statistical tests) approaches suggested a significant effect of the spill had been detected by our sampling. An estimate of the total number of lobsters killed was required to scale restoration efforts. We calculated the total number of lobsters in the area by overlaying contours of lobster density on a habitat map generated by side-scan sonar, then multiplying the density of lobsters in each contour interval by the area of appropriate lobster habitat (cobble and boulder) in the contour interval. To calculate loss, we subtracted postspill abundance from prespill abundance. Prespill density was estimated to be 1.76 m22, which is an adjusted average of airlift samples taken at six Rhode Island sites four months prior to the spill. Calculations of loss based on habitat-specific density estimates were adjusted to reflect undersampling. The loss was estimated to be to be 9.0 × 106 lobsters. Variability associated with this loss estimate is large; 95% confidence intervals estimated that between 6.7 × 106 and 15.6 × 106 lobsters were lost. The calculated loss was very sensitive to changes in prespill density estimates; a change of 0.1 lobsters m22 resulted in a change of 0.75–0.9 × 106 lobsters lost. Habitatbased assessment of lobster population size is possible but requires detailed habitat maps and accurate density estimates. Natural variability and sampling limitations give such assessment a wide range of possible values. Nevertheless, the airlift sampling technique, together with sidescan sonar maps of habitat, could provide a powerful tool for estimating the abundance of inshore lobsters.
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With, Kimberly A. "Landscape Effects on Community Structure and Dynamics." In Essentials of Landscape Ecology, 434–511. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838388.003.0010.
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Ecological communities consist of species that interact to varying degrees within the same geographical area, and so by definition exist within a landscape context. This chapter begins by reviewing the measures and different scales at which species diversity can be assayed, including the use of spatial partitioning to evaluate multiscale patterns of diversity. The chapter then reviews correlates of species diversity, including explanations for latitudinal and elevational diversity gradients, before considering how habitat loss and fragmentation are expected to influence species diversity. The chapter tackles the debate surrounding the relative importance of habitat amount versus fragmentation in predicting species’ responses to landscape change, and highlights the importance of studying these effects at a landscape rather than patch scale. The chapter concludes with a discussion of landscape effects on different types of species interactions, and how interactions among species in different communities can give rise to metacommunity structure and dynamics.
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Kramer, Randall A., and Carel P. van Schaik. "Preservation Paradigms and Tropical Rain Forests." In Last Stand. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095548.003.0005.
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Tropical rain forests are disappearing rapidly as a result of increasing human encroachment. During the past century, tropical rain forests have been reduced to about half of their original area. And the rate of deforestation is accelerating, fueled by population growth in developing countries and resource demands in the developed countries. The remaining forests are subject to increasingly intensive human use. Deforestation, fragmentation, and exploitation cause a plethora of problems, including soil erosion; siltation of rivers, lakes, and estuaries; increased flooding and droughts; release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere; and loss of species. In recent years, these problems have become the subject of international concern. This book focuses on the loss of biodiversity in tropical rain forests and on the role of protected areas in stemming the loss. This chapter examines the meaning of biodiversity and the history of the park movement in the tropics. What began as protection of habitat through the exclusion of people has transformed into sustainable use of biological resources. This new emphasis provides local control of important resources and greater income, but does it conserve habitat and species? We will argue that a renewed focus on protected areas as the primary storehouse of biodiversity is needed. We will also make the case for a focus on the tropical rain forest biome and will conclude with an overview of the rest of the book. In its strict sense, biodiversity refers to the “variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur” (Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress, 1987:3). This definition can be extended both downward to cover genetic variability within a species and upward to include habitat and ecosystem diversity. practical terms, however, biodiversity is most profitably expressed as species diversity (weighted for rarity, endemism, and taxonomic distinctiveness, if necessary) at the landscape level (see chapter 6). We adopt this definition of biodiversity. During the past few years, attempts to link rain forest protection with sustainable development have led to a noticeable expansion of the meaning of the phrase “biodiversity conservation.”
Conference papers on the topic "Habitat definition"
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Daga, Andrew, Irene Schneider Puente, Zeyn Uzman, Pablo de Leon, and Gary Harris. "Habitat Architecture Concept Definition for "Integrated Strategies for the Human Exploration of the Moon and Mars" (A NASA-funded Study): Interim Status Report." In 40th International Conference on Environmental Systems. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6072.
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Connolly, Jan, Kathy Daues, Robert L. Howard, Jr., and Larry Toups. "Definition and Development of Habitation Readiness Level (HRLs) for Planetary Surface Habitats." In 10th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments and Second NASA/ARO/ASCE Workshop on Granular Materials in Lunar and Martian Exploration. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40830(188)81.
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Kozlova, Maria Alexandrovna, and Anna Nikolaevna Filatova. "INVESTIGATION OF THE ISSUES OF NUTRITION OF STUDENTS USING THE DEFINITION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY." In IV Международная научно-практическая конференция "Научные исследования и инновации". KDU, Moscow, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31453/kdu.ru.978-5-7913-1168-9-2021-208-212.
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The article touches upon the question of the relationship between proper nutrition and physical activity. A study of the nutritional status and lifestyle of students was carried out. The assessment was carried out according to several criteria: the daily diet and its components (this gave an idea of the substances that the body may lack), bad habits and the degree of employment in work or educational activities. The results of the study showed that there is a direct relationship between adequate nutrition and physical activity. Practical recommendations for adjusting the daily diet are given. Attention is focused on food products containing the greatest amount of vitamins and minerals, which, according to the results of the research, were not enough for students.
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Dorsey, John T., K. Chauncey Wu, and Russ Smith. "Structural Definition and Mass Estimation of Lunar Surface Habitats for the Lunar Architecture Team Phase 2 (LAT-2) Study." In 11th Biennial ASCE Aerospace Division International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40988(323)104.
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Wu, Fu, Carlos Alvarez, Gary Osterman, Ching-Hsiang Chen, Richard W. Litton, and Georgios Apostolakis. "Lena Guyed Tower Decommissioning Engineering." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31237-ms.
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Abstract The Mississippi Canyon 280-A platform, also known as Lena Guyed Tower located in 1,000 ft water depth in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), was successfully decommissioned and reefed in-place in 2020. To meet the regulatory requirements on offshore platform decommissioning, i.e. BSEE decommissioning requirements and the LDWF artificial reef program, an environmental study and an engineering study were performed to ensure that the platform decommissioning satisfies these critical requirements on environmental protection and operational safety. The environmental study revealed the abundance of marine lives residing on the tower and rare coral species only observed in deepwater region. This justified the environmental benefit of turning the tower into an on-site artificial reef and functioning as a vibrant marine life habitat at the end of its production service life. The engineering study on Lena decommissioning, as addressed in this paper, involved three (3) stages of engineering work: tower decommissioning concepts and feasibility study; selected concept definition; and detailed tower reef-in-place laydown (toppling) plan and design. High-level tower reef-in-place criteria were set up in the early engineering stage as guidelines to the detailed laydown design, including specific project requirements on minimal environmental impact and safe offshore field operations. This engineering study relied heavily on multiple expert brainstorm sessions on various decommissioning concepts and options, and advanced structural modeling and computer simulations for assessment and design. A large number of tower structural models were developed to verify the plan and check various factors and risk scenarios that may affect the tower performance in different stages of the decommissioning operation. Advanced analytical techniques were developed and applied, which feature the driving mechanisms of the problem such as soil-structure-interaction, guyline tension, structural member contact and sliding, large displacement simulation, structural collapse, and hydrodynamics. Stringent quality assurance and testing procedures were followed to ensure the credibility of developed analytical techniques and engineering technologies. The most challenging part that differentiates the decommissioning engineering from typical structural design is how to properly estimate the platform in-situ "as-is" condition and carry out the assessment as such to make a regulatory compliant, feasible, reliable, and efficient plan. Therefore, engineering judgment had to go beyond the scope covered by existing industry codes and standards, and rely on the most recent advances in industry research and technology. This engineering study resulted in a clearly defined tower decommissioning plan and procedure, backed up with contingency plans for various risk scenarios and potential deviations in field operation due to limitations and/or uncertainties. The decommissioning plan minimized the offshore field construction scope and risk, and kept the required tower laydown pull loads within the capacity range of typical GoM offshore tugboats. As a result, the Lena tower was successfully laid down on seafloor in an anticipated reefing position, with no major deviations from the plan. Lena Guyed Tower is the first deepwater compliant structure decommissioned. This decommissioning effort may provide the most valuable information and lessons learned to the industry for similar decommissioning and abandonment operations in the future.
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Cavallo, Emanuele, Rinaldo C. Michelini, and Rezia M. Molfino. "The Restoring of Dismissed Offshore Oil Plants by a Remotely Operated Robotic Platform." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58195.
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The paper gives an overview of the research project SBC (contract n° GIRD-CT-2000-03007), aimed at the environment protection and rehabilitation, by means of an innovative robotic equipment, purposely developed with active interaction between academia and industries, showing joint issues as for scientific, technological, economic, social and cultural aspects, along the challenging track to eco-consistency. The falls-off bring forth:- a new technology: the sub-bottom wire cutting; - a reliably tailored set-up: the robotic platform; - a low-impact duty-scheme: the dig-and-saw process; - a safe work-cycle: the remote monitoring and control. The Sub Bottom Cutter, SBC, approach grants highly conservative decommissioning operations of dismissed submerged offshore structures. Due to surrounding hostility (pressure, temperature, pollution, ...), the robot is remotely controlled from the surface, where a human operator monitors the task advance intervening if any snag occurs. The equipment uses the diamond wire technology (DWT) to cut the pile foundations beneath the sea bottom. The result is the full removal of the structure, which may be made by steel, concrete or a combination of the two, and the consequent restoration of the underwater environment, according to the enacted laws and regulations. The project originality relies on combining and improving known and co-operating technologies, namely: diamond wire cutting and sub-bottom operation; robot-based tools and remote monitoring and control. This leads to the never attempted task of shearing below sea bottom in a hostile environment by a low-impact duty-scheme (dig-and-saw), through reliable and safe process (unmanned work-cycles). The prospected technique allows the environmentally safe disposal of offshore installations (wellheads, platforms, terminals and sea-lines), as well as marine and harbour structures, limiting the volume of the seabed excavation to less than 10 m3 per each access to the structure to be cut, like, jacket piles or wellheads, etc.. The excavated volume of the solid materials per single dig is estimated to be 100–150 times less than the one removed by conventional dredge systems. Moreover, sub-bottom diamond wire cutting leaves mainly unaltered the surroundings, with most of metal discharges trapped at the operation site. The project was successfully fulfilled, and a prototypal equipment has been tested during July 2003, within a marine surroundings, properly accomplishing the cutting sequence. The paper presents an overall discussion of the technical background required by the case peculiarities, and summarises the main design incumbents faced for the ideation and the construction of the robotic platform. Emphasis equally focuses on the structural checks and on the work-cycle performance, with due account of the task specification, the prototype definition, the conditioning computational and experimental checks and the basic monitoring and overseeing environment asuuring reliable remote govern. The key benefits of the finally achieved prototype show the very relevant outcomes of the solution, such as: the use of a clean process, not interfering with the equilibrium of the marine habitat; the integrated design of mechanics, hydraulics and the underwater functional components; the unmanned operation, ruled by an intelligent remote control/drive station on surface; the guarantee of the completion of the cutting task, provided by remote monitoring; the previous assessment of life-cycle performance, by digital prototyping and virtual testing; the optimisation in terms of environmental impact, overall efficiency and system reliability for the use underwater, and the low energy consumption in relation to the total power applied (250/300 kW); the unaltered overall efficiency of removed structures and materials characteristics involved in the cutting process, thus allowing the re-use for the same or different work-scopes; the noteworthy efficiency of the dig-and-saw process, and the comparative low over-all costs. The presentation offers a noteworthy example where the integrated desing grants the successful merging of technologies, to efficiently and reliably fulfill demanding duties. The demand to restore uncontaminated conditions of marine sites modified by men activity and the global spreading of off-shore reclamation tasks require international concern, as, today, proper technologies are missing as for human and for environment safety. The urgency follows, in view of the European sustainability programmes and the North Sea case. In such a context, the prospected development could be winning reference.
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Azevedo, Isa Maria Ferreira, Renally Barbosa Da Silva, Aryane De Azevedo Pinheiro, Rômulo Farias Carneiro, and Luiz Gonzaga Do Nascimento Neto. "AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTITUMORAL DA LECTINA ISOLADA DA ESPONJA MARINHA CHONDRILLA CARIBENSIS." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Biológicas On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1270.
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Introdução: O câncer é o nome dado a um conjunto de mais de 100 doenças que tem em comum o crescimento desordenado de células, as quais podem, inclusive, invadir outros tecidos, ocasionando alto índice de mortalidade, assim sendo estabelecido como um importante problema de saúde pública. Células tumorais apresentam alterações significativas na expressão de glicoproteínas em suas superfícies e sua detecção precoce é uma etapa definitiva para a cura durante o tratamento. Na busca por novas moléculas com potencial biotecnológico, vários estudos de prospecção têm sido realizados em habitats marinhos. Lectinas oriundas dos habitats marinhos demonstram relevante potencial biotecnológico, na qual várias atividades biológicas estão descritas na literatura. Tendo em vista a frequente expressão de padrões aberrantes de glicosilação nas células tumorais, as lectinas por serem proteínas com capacidade de ligação seletiva a carboidratos surgem como promissores agentes antineoplásicos. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade antitumoral da lectina isolada da esponja marinha Chondrilla caribensis (CCL) sobre células de carcinoma de próstata (LNCaP), bem como analisar o perfil de citotoxicidade da CCL sobre a linhagem de queratinócitos normais (HaCaT). Material e Métodos: O efeito citotóxico da CCL foi avaliado através do ensaio de viabilidade celular usando o método colorimétrico do sal tetrazolium MTS para as células das linhagens LNCaP e HaCaT. As linhagens celulares foram expostas a concentrações de 500 a 7,8 µg.ml-1 de CCL por 48 h. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram uma redução de 76,71% na viabilidade de LNCaP nas concentrações de 500, 250 e 125 µg.ml-1 (IC50 = 44,31 µg.ml-1). Para a linhagem celular HaCaT, o tratamento com CCL nas concentrações de 500, 250 e 125 µg.ml-1 resultou na redução da viabilidade em 28,64 %; 12,24 % e 0,76 %, respectivamente, onde 71,36 % ± 0,588 das células HaCaT permaneceram viáveis após 48 h de tratamento. Conclusão: Em conclusão, os resultados sugerem que a CCL possui maior seletividade para a linhagem LNCaP, e em contrapartida apresentou toxicidade reduzida sobre queratinócitos humanos saudáveis. Estudos adicionais devem ser realizados para investigar o mecanismo de ação da CCL sobre as células utilizadas no estudo.
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Georgiev, Georgi. "BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF WETLANDS AND RAMSAR PLACES IN THE CROSS-BORDER REGION OF BULGARIA, NORTHERN MACEDONIA, ALBANIA AND GREECE AND DEVELOPMENT." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.97.
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According to the definition of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), wetlands on Earth are areas that are flooded or saturated with water, artificial or natural, permanently or temporarily flooded with standing, sitting or running water. These areas include areas where water is the predominant element, such as swamps, wetlands, peatlands, estuaries, sea branches and lagoons, lakes, rivers and artificial reservoirs with a depth of more than six meters. Considering the importance of these territories and with the deep conviction that the preservation of their flora and fauna can be ensured by combining long-term national policy with coordinated international action, the scientific community reacted to the encroachments and unreasonable attitude to them by concluding 02.02. 1971 of the Convention on wetlands of international importance, especially as waterfowl habitats, known to the general public as the Ramsar Convention. The main objectives of this document are to manage wetlands as sites of great economic, cultural, scientific and conservation value, to avoid damage and loss and to preserve them through prudent use, i.e. through their continuous development. The object of study in the present work is the biological diversity, in particular the avifauna of some of the internationally important wetlands in the border areas between Bulgaria, Greece, the Republic of North Macedonia and Albania in view of the opportunities they offer for the development of some forms of alternative types of tourism.
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Martins, João. "Design of products to honor people post mortem." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3323.
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The cemeterial units, are places of social practices of everyday life and worship and the tomb where nostalgia can be externalized and the memory of the deceased revered. In Western societies we can find a category of artifacts meant to evoke the memory or honor the dead. In this paper we we mention three examples of products that enabled a reflection on the concepts that gave rise to their ways, and that risks to fit them into a new "material culture", in that it may have created a break with the traditional system codes and standards shared by companies, and its manifestations in relation to the physical creation of this category of products. This work offers a reflection on the Design Products.What probably makes it special is the field where it is located: the design of products in one post mortem memory. Usually made of granite rock or marble, have the form of plate or tablet, open book or rolled sheet. On one side have a photograph of the person who intend to honor and inscriptions. The thought of inherent design of this work put on one side the intricate set of emotions that this type of product can generate, and other components more affordable, and concerning the form, function and object interactions with users and with use environments. In the definition of the problem it was regarded as mandatory requirements: differentiation, added value and durability as key objectives.The first two should be manifested in the various components / product attributes. The aesthetic and material/structural durability of product necessarily imply the introduction of qualifying terms and quantitative weights, which positively influence the generation and evaluation of concepts based on the set of 10 principles for the project that originated a matrix as a tool to aid designing products. The concrete definition of a target audience was equally important. At this stage, the collaboration of other experts in the fields of psychology and sociology as disciplines with particular ability to understand individuals and social phenomena respectively was crucial. It was concluded that a product design to honor someone post mortem, should abandon the more traditional habits and customs to focus on identifying new audiences. Although at present it can be considered a niche market, it is believed that in the future may grow as well as their interest in this type of products.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3323
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ALCAIDE RAMÍREZ, AURORA. "Paisajes enantrópicos. Un proyecto que reflexiona sobre las relaciones Hombre-Naturaleza en el espacio (peri)urbano abandonado." In III Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales :: ANIAV 2017 :: GLOCAL. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2017.4885.
Full textAbstract:
La evolución del ser humano se ha desarrollado en estrecha relación con su entorno. Si en un principio el impacto del hombre en la naturaleza era mínimo, el derivado exclusivamente de su uso como proveedora de alimentos y cobijo; con el transcurrir de los años la manipulación del medio natural se ha incrementado de manera exponencial, llegando en algunos casos a peligrar la supervivencia de los seres que lo habitan, así como sus elementos constitutivos básicos. Lo local, lo autóctono, la naturaleza salvaje y primigenia, ha sido sustituida en infinitud de zonas de la Tierra por extensas ciudades tecnificadas, con grandes avenidas, elevados rascacielos, modelos arquitectónicos y urbanísticos homogéneos, altas cotas de contaminación y exceso de rapidez e inmediatez, en donde lo natural pervive como mera anécdota: una hilera de árboles a lo largo de una calle, un escueto parque, una maceta… o peor aún, reducido a pura simulación, representación o fantasía mitificada: un jarrón con flores de plástico, papel de empapelar estampado con motivos vegetales, un póster de un paisaje paradisíaco… En la era global actual nos movemos por ciclos económicos que determinan y regulan los ritmos vitales de las ciudades. En épocas de crisis afloran en el territorio urbano y su periferia espacios abandonados, que tras adquirir el carácter de ruina, con el tiempo -en numerosas ocasiones- son vaciados, transformándose en descampados, no lugares dominio de nadie (humano) que la Naturaleza aprovecha para reconquistar. La ponencia abordará el proyecto pictórico personal titulado Paisajes enantrópicos que reflexiona sobre las conexiones hombre-naturaleza en los territorios metropolitanos abandonados: lugares en los que la naturaleza se aprovecha de la ausencia humana para reapropiarse del espacio que originalmente fue suyo, devolviéndole su aparente caos primigenio; entropía que el hombre anuló al imponer su dominio y control (antropización) y, en definitiva, al sustituir el paisaje natural por el artificial.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV.2017.4885