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1
Huxel, Gary R., and Alan Hastings. "Habitat Loss, Fragmentation, and Restoration." Restoration Ecology 7, no. 3 (1999): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.1999.72024.x.
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Fischer, Markus. "Species loss after habitat fragmentation." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 15, no. 10 (2000): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01977-7.
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Laverty, Melina F., and James P. Gibbs. "Ecosystem Loss and Fragmentation: Synthesis." Lessons in Conservation 1 (2007): 72–96. https://doi.org/10.5531/cbc.linc.1.1.3.
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Ecosystem loss and fragmentation may be the greatest global threat to biodiversity. Loss and fragmentation—the isolation of habitats—are related and usually occur in conjunction. These processes are issues facing all environments, both terrestrial and aquatic, albeit in different ways. Fragmentation can occur due to natural causes but is increasing dramatically due to human activity. Consequences include decreased habitat size, negative edge effects and isolation of sub-populations. Managers must now add fragmentation to the list of potential issues when considering conservation plans.
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Hill, Jane K., Clare L. Hughes, Calvin Dytham, and Jeremy B. Searle. "Genetic diversity in butterflies: interactive effects of habitat fragmentation and climate-driven range expansion." Biology Letters 2, no. 1 (2005): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0401.
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Some species are expanding their ranges polewards during current climate warming. However, anthropogenic fragmentation of suitable habitat is affecting expansion rates and here we investigate interactions between range expansion, habitat fragmentation and genetic diversity. We examined three closely related Satyrinae butterflies, which differ in their habitat associations, from six sites along a transect in England from distribution core to expanding range margin. There was a significant decline in allozyme variation towards an expanding range margin in Pararge aegeria , which has the most restricted habitat availability, but not in Pyronia tithonus whose habitat is more widely available, or in a non-expanding ‘control species’ ( Maniola jurtina ). Moreover, data from another transect in Scotland indicated that declines in genetic diversity in P. aegeria were evident only on the transect in England, which had greater habitat fragmentation. Our results indicate that fragmentation of breeding habitats leads to more severe founder events during colonization, resulting in reduced diversity in marginal populations in more specialist species. The continued widespread loss of suitable habitats in the future may increase the likelihood of loss of genetic diversity in expanding species, which may affect whether or not species can adapt to future environmental change.
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Semper-Pascual, Asunción, Cole Burton, Matthias Baumann, et al. "How do habitat amount and habitat fragmentation drive time-delayed responses of biodiversity to land-use change?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1942 (2021): 20202466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2466.
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Land-use change is a root cause of the extinction crisis, but links between habitat change and biodiversity loss are not fully understood. While there is evidence that habitat loss is an important extinction driver, the relevance of habitat fragmentation remains debated. Moreover, while time delays of biodiversity responses to habitat transformation are well-documented, time-delayed effects have been ignored in the habitat loss versus fragmentation debate. Here, using a hierarchical Bayesian multi-species occupancy framework, we systematically tested for time-delayed responses of bird and mammal communities to habitat loss and to habitat fragmentation. We focused on the Argentine Chaco, where deforestation has been widespread recently. We used an extensive field dataset on birds and mammals, along with a time series of annual woodland maps from 1985 to 2016 covering recent and historical habitat transformations. Contemporary habitat amount explained bird and mammal occupancy better than past habitat amount. However, occupancy was affected more by the past rather than recent fragmentation, indicating a time-delayed response to fragmentation. Considering past landscape patterns is therefore crucial for understanding current biodiversity patterns. Not accounting for land-use history ignores the possibility of extinction debt and can thus obscure impacts of fragmentation, potentially explaining contrasting findings of habitat loss versus fragmentation studies.
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Repullés, Katia, and Carmen Galán-Acedo. "Effects of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation on the Occurrence of Alouatta guariba in Brazil." Land 14, no. 3 (2025): 490. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14030490.
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Habitat loss is considered a major global threat to biodiversity. Yet, the effects of fragmentation are strongly debated, with studies showing positive, negative, or null effects on species. Understanding the effects of fragmentation has key conservation implications as negative effects prioritize large, contiguous habitats; null or weak effects highlight the protection of all habitat patches, regardless of their size; and positive effects support the preservation of small patches. This information is particularly important for highly threatened species with declining populations, such as primates. In this study, we assessed the independent effects of habitat amount (forest cover) and fragmentation (patch density) on the patch occurrence of the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba) across 956 forest patches in Brazil, using data from 53 studies. We found that both forest cover and patch density positively, but non-significantly, affect the occurrence of the brown howler monkey in forest patches. Weak effects of forest cover on patch occurrence are likely due to the ability of howlers to cope with habitat loss, although the long-term consequences of habitat destruction are considered negative for the species. Weak effects of fragmentation underscore the importance of maintaining both small and large forest patches for the conservation of the brown howler monkey.
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Kruess, A., and T. Tscharntke. "Habitat Fragmentation, Species Loss, and Biological Control." Science 264, no. 5165 (1994): 1581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5165.1581.
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Melo, D. H. A., B. K. C. Filgueiras, C. A. Iserhard, L. Iannuzzi, A. V. L. Freitas, and I. R. Leal. "Effect of habitat loss and fragmentation on fruit-feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 7 (2019): 588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0202.
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Habitat loss and fragmentation have drastically altered the availability and quality of tropical forest habitats, but information on how such changes influence local biodiversity is still insufficient. Here, we examine the effects of both patch and landscape metrics on fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages in a fragmented landscape of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Our study was carried out in three habitat types: eight fragments (ranging from 8 to 126 ha), eight areas of forest edge (50 m from forest border), and eight areas of forest interior (>200 m from forest border) of the largest remnant (3500 ha) of the Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil. Our results demonstrated that fragment area is negatively correlated with observed and estimated richness and abundance of butterflies, whereas habitat type is correlated with estimated richness and abundance of butterflies. Species composition responded to habitat type, fragment area, and distance between sample units. These findings illustrated (i) fruit-feeding butterfly sensitivity to habitat loss and fragmentation, (ii) that species composition and abundance are adequate parameters to access the responses of fruit-feeding butterflies to habitat loss and fragmentation, and (iii) the relevance of a heterogeneous and connected landscape for conservation of butterflies, where small fragments are important for generalist or open-habitat specialists and large remnants are key for disturbance-sensitive and threatened taxa.
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Hernández-Pérez, Ezequiel, Sergio Gilmar Lemos Rincón, María M. Ayala-Hernández, and Gilberto Aleman-Sancheschúlz. "Land-use change and habitat fragmentation of Leopardus pardalis in Highlands of Puebla, Mexico." Therya 15, no. 2 (2024): 202–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-24-5970.
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Ocelots are relatively tolerant to habitat modification. However, it has been observed that they may be sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation as a result of human development. The Sierra Norte de Puebla is considered a potential habitat for ocelots and other tropical felines. However, it has suffered heavy loss and fragmentation of its natural ecosystems, which considerably affects habitat availability and quality. This study analyzed the land-use changes and habitat fragmentation in the distribution range of the ocelot in the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexico, from 1993 to 2020. Habitat suitability was determined using potential distribution models and vegetation and land-use maps from 1993, 2003, and 2020, obtained using supervised classification of Landsat images. The resulting maps were reclassified in terms of the habitat suitability for Leopardus pardalis according to their quality. Land-use changes and habitat loss were quantified with a transition matrix, and fragmentation was assessed using the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis tool of the program GUIDOS. These habitat fragments were quantified using the integral index of connectivity with the CONEFOR Sensinode program. We estimated that 22.2 % of the study area has suitable conditions for ocelots. From 1993 to 2020, the area covered by natural vegetation decreased 16 % at an annual rate of -2.4 %. During this period, the mean fragment size and shape index decreased; on the other hand, the number of fragments and the Euclidean distance between fragments increased. The percentages of edge, branch, and islet vegetation dropped from 1993 to 2003 but increased in 2020. The connectivity analysis indicated that two habitat fragments showed high values of the integral index of connectivity. The increase in anthropogenic cover and the habitat loss for L. pardalis between 1993 and 2020 affected mainly vegetation fragments considered optimal for the persistence of this species. In these ecosystems, agricultural and livestock practices are expanding vigorously, increasing edge habitats and decreasing the core area of habitat fragments. The areas that recorded the presence of ocelots have optimum conditions to serve as biological corridors in the Sierra Madre Oriental, particularly in the portion of the Sierra Norte de Puebla. The fragmentation of the ocelot habitat is of particular concern and should be addressed strategically for the long-term conservation of the ocelot and regional biodiversity.
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Driscoll, Don A., Dolors Armenteras, Andrew F. Bennett, et al. "How fire interacts with habitat loss and fragmentation." Biological Reviews 96, no. 3 (2021): 976–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12687.
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Bartlett, Lewis J., Tim Newbold, Drew W. Purves, Derek P. Tittensor, and Michael B. J. Harfoot. "Synergistic impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation on model ecosystems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1839 (2016): 20161027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1027.
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Habitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to biodiversity, yet separating their effects is challenging. We use a multi-trophic, trait-based, and spatially explicit general ecosystem model to examine the independent and synergistic effects of these processes on ecosystem structure. We manipulated habitat by removing plant biomass in varying spatial extents, intensities, and configurations. We found that emergent synergistic interactions of loss and fragmentation are major determinants of ecosystem response, including population declines and trophic pyramid shifts. Furthermore, trait-mediated interactions, such as a disproportionate sensitivity of large-sized organisms to fragmentation, produce significant effects in shaping responses. We also show that top-down regulation mitigates the effects of land use on plant biomass loss, suggesting that models lacking these interactions—including most carbon stock models—may not adequately capture land-use change impacts. Our results have important implications for understanding ecosystem responses to environmental change, and assessing the impacts of habitat fragmentation.
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Alurralde, Santiago Gamboa, and M. Mónica Díaz. "Assemblage-level responses of Neotropical bats to forest loss and fragmentation." Basic and Applied Ecology 50 (June 12, 2021): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13462002.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Habitat loss and fragmentation are the most important causes of biological diversity loss, changing the properties of the remaining environment. The Neotropical Region is one of the most affected areas due to the conversion of natural habitats into agricultural activities and deforestation. In this region, bats represent almost 50% of all mammal species, reaching the highest taxonomic and functional diversity. Bats are valuable indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem health, but their response to habitat loss and fragmentation was poorly studied in Argentina. The aim of this study was to analyze the response of bat assemblages to habitat alteration in Northwestern Argentina. The specimens were collected in eight different localities, four wellpreserved and four disturbed sites of the Yungas Forests. To describe the structure of bat assemblages, rank-abundance curves, species richness and Shannon (H') and Simpson (D') diversity indexes were calculated. To test the assemblage variations among sites, PCA and NPMANOVA analysis were performed. After 96 sampling nights, a total of 565 bats from 23 species were captured. A great variation in the assemblage structure was registered, regardless the disturbance level of the sites. These variations were not significantly different according to statistical analysis. The results support the hypothesis that areas with moderate fragmentation can sustain a high diversity of bat species. Moreover, these results showed that consistent responses to landscape composition at the assemblage level are harder to identify in fragmented Neotropical Forests. The responses of bats to habitat alteration tend to be highly species-specific.
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Alurralde, Santiago Gamboa, and M. Mónica Díaz. "Assemblage-level responses of Neotropical bats to forest loss and fragmentation." Basic and Applied Ecology 50 (June 7, 2021): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13462002.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Habitat loss and fragmentation are the most important causes of biological diversity loss, changing the properties of the remaining environment. The Neotropical Region is one of the most affected areas due to the conversion of natural habitats into agricultural activities and deforestation. In this region, bats represent almost 50% of all mammal species, reaching the highest taxonomic and functional diversity. Bats are valuable indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem health, but their response to habitat loss and fragmentation was poorly studied in Argentina. The aim of this study was to analyze the response of bat assemblages to habitat alteration in Northwestern Argentina. The specimens were collected in eight different localities, four wellpreserved and four disturbed sites of the Yungas Forests. To describe the structure of bat assemblages, rank-abundance curves, species richness and Shannon (H') and Simpson (D') diversity indexes were calculated. To test the assemblage variations among sites, PCA and NPMANOVA analysis were performed. After 96 sampling nights, a total of 565 bats from 23 species were captured. A great variation in the assemblage structure was registered, regardless the disturbance level of the sites. These variations were not significantly different according to statistical analysis. The results support the hypothesis that areas with moderate fragmentation can sustain a high diversity of bat species. Moreover, these results showed that consistent responses to landscape composition at the assemblage level are harder to identify in fragmented Neotropical Forests. The responses of bats to habitat alteration tend to be highly species-specific.
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Alurralde, Santiago Gamboa, and M. Mónica Díaz. "Assemblage-level responses of Neotropical bats to forest loss and fragmentation." Basic and Applied Ecology 50 (July 3, 2021): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13462002.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Habitat loss and fragmentation are the most important causes of biological diversity loss, changing the properties of the remaining environment. The Neotropical Region is one of the most affected areas due to the conversion of natural habitats into agricultural activities and deforestation. In this region, bats represent almost 50% of all mammal species, reaching the highest taxonomic and functional diversity. Bats are valuable indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem health, but their response to habitat loss and fragmentation was poorly studied in Argentina. The aim of this study was to analyze the response of bat assemblages to habitat alteration in Northwestern Argentina. The specimens were collected in eight different localities, four wellpreserved and four disturbed sites of the Yungas Forests. To describe the structure of bat assemblages, rank-abundance curves, species richness and Shannon (H') and Simpson (D') diversity indexes were calculated. To test the assemblage variations among sites, PCA and NPMANOVA analysis were performed. After 96 sampling nights, a total of 565 bats from 23 species were captured. A great variation in the assemblage structure was registered, regardless the disturbance level of the sites. These variations were not significantly different according to statistical analysis. The results support the hypothesis that areas with moderate fragmentation can sustain a high diversity of bat species. Moreover, these results showed that consistent responses to landscape composition at the assemblage level are harder to identify in fragmented Neotropical Forests. The responses of bats to habitat alteration tend to be highly species-specific.
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Alurralde, Santiago Gamboa, and M. Mónica Díaz. "Assemblage-level responses of Neotropical bats to forest loss and fragmentation." Basic and Applied Ecology 50 (July 10, 2021): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13462002.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Habitat loss and fragmentation are the most important causes of biological diversity loss, changing the properties of the remaining environment. The Neotropical Region is one of the most affected areas due to the conversion of natural habitats into agricultural activities and deforestation. In this region, bats represent almost 50% of all mammal species, reaching the highest taxonomic and functional diversity. Bats are valuable indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem health, but their response to habitat loss and fragmentation was poorly studied in Argentina. The aim of this study was to analyze the response of bat assemblages to habitat alteration in Northwestern Argentina. The specimens were collected in eight different localities, four wellpreserved and four disturbed sites of the Yungas Forests. To describe the structure of bat assemblages, rank-abundance curves, species richness and Shannon (H') and Simpson (D') diversity indexes were calculated. To test the assemblage variations among sites, PCA and NPMANOVA analysis were performed. After 96 sampling nights, a total of 565 bats from 23 species were captured. A great variation in the assemblage structure was registered, regardless the disturbance level of the sites. These variations were not significantly different according to statistical analysis. The results support the hypothesis that areas with moderate fragmentation can sustain a high diversity of bat species. Moreover, these results showed that consistent responses to landscape composition at the assemblage level are harder to identify in fragmented Neotropical Forests. The responses of bats to habitat alteration tend to be highly species-specific.
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Betts, Matthew G., Steven E. Franklin, and Ron G. Taylor. "Interpretation of landscape pattern and habitat change for local indicator species using satellite imagery and geographic information system data in New Brunswick, Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 10 (2003): 1821–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-104.
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We measured the extent and rate of habitat change and interpreted landscape metrics for fragmentation in the Fundy Model Forest, New Brunswick, from 1993 to 1999 using geographical information system baseline data updated with landscape changes detected on Landsat satellite imagery. We report on three categories of landscape metrics (habitat cover, patch size, and nearest neighbour), which we interpret as applicable to potentially fragmentation-sensitive local indicator species in specific habitat types. Between 1993 and 1999, 5.6% of forest land in the Fundy Model Forest was estimated by satellite image analysis as having >30% of canopy cover removed, primarily as a result of forest harvesting treatments. In four of five habitat types, the rate of habitat loss from harvesting outpaced habitat replacement due to forest growth. Changes in landscape pattern metrics indicate that fragmentation has occurred in each of the five indicator species habitat types over the available time period; furthermore, the rate of fragmentation exceeded the rate of habitat loss. Declines in the number and area of mixedwood patches dominated the fragmentation of the landscape in this region. More attention to the spatial distribution of harvesting activities may be necessary to change this trend in landscape pattern in the future.
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Musche, Martin, Josef Settele, and Walter Durka. "Performance and response to defoliation of Sanguisorba officinalis (Rosaceae) seedlings from mown and successional habitats." Botany 88, no. 7 (2010): 691–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b10-036.
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In agricultural habitats, selection may favour plants that show a pronounced ability to tolerate stress induced by specific management methods. However, genetic erosion associated with habitat fragmentation may diminish this ability. To assess the role of mowing as a selection pressure and the impact of fragmentation processes on the ability to tolerate foliage loss, we grew 215 plants of the perennial herb Sanguisorba officinalis L. originating from 16 differently sized populations, located in mown meadows and successional fallows, in a common environment, and measured their performance and response to defoliation. Plants from meadows and fallows neither differed in performance characters nor in their ability to compensate for foliage loss. However, independently from the habitat of origin, populations slightly differed in performance. This variation was not due to differences in population size, plant density, or level of genetic variation, indicating its independence from genetic erosion, which may go along with habitat fragmentation. Rather, these differences between populations appear to be the outcome of unknown selection pressures or random genetic drift. Plants from successional fallows retain their potential to cope with mowing, presumably due to the low generation turnover of the perennial species. Selection by mowing may act over time scales larger than those reflected by the developmental stage of the current habitats.
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Oliveira Garcia, Arianny, Gustavo Luis Schacht, and Isabel Cristina Moraes. "CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT HABITAT LOSS IN CHAPADA DIAMANTINA, BAHIA, BRAZIL." Caderno de Geografia 33, no. 72 (2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2023v33n72p50.
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Habitat fragmentation is characterised by reducing a continuous vegetation area in isolated patches. The objective was to evaluate if there is a process of fragmentation or habitat loss in the Chapada Diamantina and to report the first impressions on how local biodiversity is affected. We used Geoprocessing techniques and elaborated a map of vegetation cover and land use with Sentinel satellite images. We also used QGIS 3.10, visual analysis, photo interpretation, and classification techniques supervised by the Dzetsaka algorithm. The results indicate that the Morro do Chapéu State Park (MCSP) is not yet fragmented, and there is an intermediate level of habitat loss; if it persists, it could lead to the fragmentation of the protected area and further impact biodiversity. For this problem to be repaired or mitigated, it is necessary to think of priority areas for land regularisation and increased supervision, an attempt to repress illegal activities in this conservation area.
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Jenny, Rita. "Impacts of Habitat Fragmentation on Terrestrial Biodiversity in Tropical Forests in Democratic Republic of Congo." International Journal of Environmental Sciences 7, no. 1 (2024): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijes.2612.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine impacts of habitat fragmentation on terrestrial biodiversity in tropical forests in Democratic Republic of Congo Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that habitat fragmentation poses a significant threat to terrestrial biodiversity in tropical forests, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The fragmentation of forest habitats due to human activities such as logging, agriculture, and infrastructure development leads to the isolation of species populations, loss of genetic diversity, and disruption of ecological processes. As a result, endemic species in the DRC, including primates, birds, and large mammals, face heightened risks of population decline and extinction. Moreover, habitat fragmentation exacerbates other environmental challenges, such as climate change and invasive species encroachment, further compromising biodiversity conservation efforts in the region. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Metapopulation Theory, Landscape Ecology Theory & Island Biogeography Theory may be used to anchor future studies on impacts of habitat fragmentation on terrestrial biodiversity in tropical forests in Democratic Republic of Congo. Implement habitat corridors that physically link fragmented habitats, facilitating the movement of species and genetic exchange. These corridors should be strategically placed based on ecological modeling to maximize effectiveness. Develop and enforce integrated land-use policies that consider both conservation and development needs. Policies should promote land-use planning that minimizes habitat fragmentation and incorporates ecological networks.
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Banks-Leite, Cristina, Robert Mark Ewers, Hollie Folkard-Tapp, and Adam Fraser. "Countering the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation through habitat restoration." One Earth 3, no. 6 (2020): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2020.11.016.
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Zanin, Marina, Francisco Palomares, and Daniel Brito. "What we (don't) know about the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on felids." Oryx 49, no. 1 (2014): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313001609.
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AbstractFelid species have intrinsic ecological traits that make them particularly susceptible to the threats of habitat loss and fragmentation. We collate current knowledge of the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on felids, describing trends, investigating the allocation of research effort and identifying knowledge gaps. We searched the scientific literature and categorized articles according to conceptual and methodological approaches. We reviewed 162 articles and observed that scientific knowledge is unevenly distributed among topics and species. Habitat suitability and patch–landscape configuration are the most studied topics. The allocation of research effort is unrelated to variables that describe conservation priorities, such as threat status and habitat availability within a species’ range, but it is related to body size, suggesting that charismatic attributes influence the choice of target species. Countries with less research effort are also those with less economic development, and thus North America and Europe are the centres of knowledge generation of reviewed studies. The responses of sixteen felid species to habitat loss and fragmentation remain unknown. Of these the Andean mountain cat Leopardus jacobita, the Bornean bay cat Pardofelis badia, the flat-headed cat Prionailurus planiceps and the fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus most urgently require research because they are threatened with extinction. We recommend the use of theoretical approaches, through modelling exercises, as a first step to address the lack of information about the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on felids, especially for those species for which there are large knowledge gaps.
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Bridget. O, Bobadoye. "Forest Fragmentation Shapes Resource Partitioning for Endemic Pollinators (Hymenoptera: Meliponini)." International Journal of Entomology 1, no. 1 (2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2768-5209.ijen-19-2712.
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A field study was undertaken along six diverse habitat gradients of Kenya to evaluate the occurrence and underlining drivers that shape meliponine bee species diversity. These gradients ranged from continuous forest habitats (Indigenous forests, mixed forests and exotic forest patch) representing unfragmented habitats to dispersed habitats (Mixed deciduous woodlands, Grasslands dominated by perennial grasses such as Cenchrus ciliaris, Chloris roxburghiana and Acacia dominated bush lands) representing fragmented habitats respectively. A total of four different species of meliponine bees were encountered with Hypotrigona gribodoi being the most abundant species, followed by Meliponula ferruginea (black), Plebeina hildebrandti and Hypotrigona ruspolii in descending order. Occurrence and diversity of Hypotrigona gribodoi, Melipona ferruginea (black), Plebeina hildebrandti and Hypotrigonaruspolii was significantly influenced by the degree of fragmentation (vegetation type) and floral diversity (P = 0.0056); the mean number of colonies recorded per study site ranged from 2.3 in dispersed habitats in the lowlands to 1.0 in continuous forest landscapes in the highlands, whereas the mean population density ranged from 2.0 to 172 colonies/25 ha-transects. The results provide substantial support to better understand interactions between habitat structure and the degree of fragmentation in linking species diversity to habitat loss.
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A. McAlpine, C., D. B. Lindenmayer, T. J. Eyre, and S. R. Phinn. "Landscape surrogates of forest fragmentation: Synthesis of Australian Montreal Process case studies." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 2 (2002): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020108.
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Habitat loss and fragmentation are key biodiversity indicators of the Montreal Protocol for monitoring progress towards ecologically sustainable forest management. Over the last 15 years, an array of landscape metrics have been developed as spatial measures of habitat loss and fragmentation. However, most metrics require rigorous empirical testing if they are to provide scientifically credible information to managers and policy makers. We present a synthesis of three Australian case studies for developing Montreal Indicator 1.1e, fragmentation of forest type, each representing different levels of landscape modification: St Mary State Forest, south-east Queensland; Tumut, southern New South Wales; and the Central Highlands, Victoria. Collectively, the studies found that no single landscape metric captured the response of the target species and fauna assemblages, or served as a reliable ecological surrogate for the conservation of a large set of species. Rather, species demonstrated a diversity of responses to habitat loss and fragmentation. Fragmentation effects were more important for the Tumut study, but not important for the Central Highlands study. Stand-scale habitat variables and area of suitable habitat were dominant explanatory variables for the St Mary study. Differences in observed response are partly explained by: (i) differences in landscape structure, particularly the proportion of preferred forest habitat remaining; (ii) differences in the ecology of target species; and (iii) the insensitivity of the landscape measures. Based on the outcomes of the three case studies, we propose principles for developing landscape surrogates for conserving biodiversity in Australia's eucalypt forest landscapes.
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Songer, Melissa, Melanie Delion, Alex Biggs, and Qiongyu Huang. "Modeling Impacts of Climate Change on Giant Panda Habitat." International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/108752.
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Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are one of the most widely recognized endangered species globally. Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats, and climate change could significantly impact giant panda survival. We integrated giant panda habitat information with general climate models (GCMs) to predict future geographic distribution and fragmentation of giant panda habitat. Results support a major general prediction of climate change—a shift of habitats towards higher elevation and higher latitudes. Our models predict climate change could reduce giant panda habitat by nearly 60% over 70 years. New areas may become suitable outside the current geographic range but much of these areas is far from the current giant panda range and only 15% fall within the current protected area system. Long-term survival of giant pandas will require the creation of new protected areas that are likely to support suitable habitat even if the climate changes.
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Potenza, Giovanna, Gianluca Gerardi, Simonetta Fascetti, and Leonardo Rosati. "Habitat Fragmentation and Lichen Diversity in Peri-Urban Woodlands: A Case Study in the Municipality of Potenza (Southern Italy)." Plants 11, no. 14 (2022): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11141858.
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The fragmentation of the natural habitat is a process that is exponentially increasing worldwide and represents one of the biggest threats to biological diversity. Habitat destruction and fragmentation have a major impact on landscapes and may also affect ecosystems, populations, and species. The ongoing anthropogenic process can result in habitat loss for some species, habitat creation for others, reduced patch size, and increased distance between patches, which may lead to local extinction. We analyzed the effects of patch size and isolation on lichens in Quercus pubescens woods surrounding the city of Potenza (south Italy). We randomly sampled 11 forest patches with homogeneous environmental variables using circular plots with a 10 m radius; the patches ranged from 0.3 to 30 ha. For each plot, we collected data about presence and abundance of epiphytic lichens. We performed the analyses at the patch level using linear regression and multivariate analysis, searching for effects on species richness, life forms, and community compositions. Multivariate analyses were used to study the effect of fragmentation on the structure of lichen vegetation. We investigated the main predictor of lichen species richness in habitat fragmentations and concluded that patch area per se is an important (positive) driver of lichen species richness in Mediterranean peri-urban forests.
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WIEGAND, THORSTEN, ELOY REVILLA, and KIRK A. MOLONEY. "Effects of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation on Population Dynamics." Conservation Biology 19, no. 1 (2005): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00208.x.
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Higgins, Steven I., Sandra Lavorel, and Eloy Revilla. "Estimating plant migration rates under habitat loss and fragmentation." Oikos 101, no. 2 (2003): 354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12141.x.
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MOULATLET, Gabriel M., Emmanuel AMBRIZ, Jennifer GUEVARA, et al. "Multi-taxa ecological responses to habitat loss and fragmentation in western Amazonia as revealed by RAPELD biodiversity surveys." Acta Amazonica 51, no. 3 (2021): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202004532.
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ABSTRACT Habitat loss and fragmentation caused by deforestation are important anthropogenic drivers of changes in biodiversity in the Amazon rainforest, and has reached its highest rate in recent decades. However, the magnitude and direction of the effects on species composition and distribution have yet to be fully understood. We evaluated the responses of four taxonomic groups − birds, amphibians, orchid bees, and dung beetles - to habitat loss and fragmentation at both species and assemblage level in the northern Ecuadorian Amazon. We sampled fifteen 250-m long plots in terra-firme forest remnants. We calculated one landscape fragmentation index (fragindex), which considers the proportion of continuous forest cover, edge density and isolation in the landscape, and nine landscape configuration metrics. Logistic regression models and multivariate regression trees were used to analyze species and assemblage responses. Our results revealed that over 80% of birds, amphibians or orchid-bee species, and 60% of dung beetles were negatively affected by habitat loss and fragmentation. Species composition of all taxonomic groups was significantly affected by differences in forest cover and connectivity. Less than 5% of all species were restricted to landscapes with fragindex values higher than 40%. Landscape metrics related to the shape and area of forest patches determined the magnitude and direction of the effect on species responses. Therefore, changes in the landscape configuration of Ecuadorian Amazonia should be minimized to diminish the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on species occurrence and assemblage composition.
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Hillaert, Jasmijn, Martijn L. Vandegehuchte, Thomas Hovestadt, and Dries Bonte. "Information use during movement regulates how fragmentation and loss of habitat affect body size." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1884 (2018): 20180953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0953.
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An individual's body size is central to its behaviour and physiology, and tightly linked to its movement ability. The spatial arrangement of resources and a consumer's capacity to locate them are therefore expected to exert strong selection on consumer body size. We investigated the evolutionary impact of both the fragmentation and loss of habitat on consumer body size and its feedback effects on resource distribution, under varying levels of information used during habitat choice. We developed a mechanistic, individual-based, spatially explicit model, including several allometric rules for key consumer traits. Our model reveals that as resources become more fragmented and scarce, informed habitat choice selects for larger body sizes while random habitat choice promotes small sizes. Information use may thus be an overlooked explanation for the observed variation in body size responses to habitat fragmentation. Moreover, we find that resources can accumulate and aggregate if information about resource abundance is incomplete. Informed movement results in stable resource–consumer dynamics and controlled resources across space. However, habitat loss and fragmentation destabilize local dynamics and disturb resource suppression by the consumer. Considering information use during movement is thus critical to understand the eco-evolutionary dynamics underlying the functioning and structuring of consumer communities.
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Gorresen, P. Marcos, and Michael R. Willig. "LANDSCAPE RESPONSES OF BATS TO HABITAT FRAGMENTATION IN ATLANTIC FOREST OF PARAGUAY." Journal of Mammalogy 85, no. 4 (2004): 688–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14819368.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Understanding effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on populations or communities is critical to effective conservation and restoration. This is particularly important for bats because they provide vital services to ecosystems via pollination and seed dispersal, especially in tropical and subtropical habitats. Based on more than 1,000 h of survey during a 15-month period, we quantified species abundances and community structure of phyllostomid bats at 14 sites in a 3,000-km2 region of eastern Paraguay. Abundance was highest for Artibeus lituratus in deforested landscapes and for Chrotopterus auritus in forested habitats. In contrast, Artibeus fimbriatus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina, Platyrrhinus lineatus, Pygoderma bilabiatum, and Sturnira lilium attained highest abundance in moderately fragmented forest landscapes. Forest cover, patch size, and patch density frequently were associated with abundance of species. At the community level, species richness was highest in partly deforested landscapes, whereas evenness was greatest in forested habitat. In general, the highest diversity of bats occurred in landscapes comprising moderately fragmented forest habitat. This underscores the importance of remnant habitat patches to conservation strategies.
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COTTONTAIL, V. M., N. WELLINGHAUSEN, and E. K. V. KALKO. "Habitat fragmentation and haemoparasites in the common fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis (Phyllostomidae) in a tropical lowland forest in Panamá." Parasitology 136, no. 10 (2009): 1133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009990485.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYAnthropogenic influence on ecosystems, such as habitat fragmentation, impacts species diversity and interactions. There is growing evidence that degradation of habitats favours disease and hence affects ecosystem health. The prevalence of haemoparasites in the Common Fruit Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) in a tropical lowland forest in Panamá was studied. We assessed the relation of haemoparasite to the general condition of the animals and tested for possible association of haemoparasite prevalence to habitat fragmentation, with special focus on trypanosomes. Overall, a total of 250 A. jamaicensis sampled from fragmented sites, here man-made, forested islands in Lake Gatùn, and sites in the adjacent, continuous forest in and around the Barro Colorado Nature Monument were examined. Using microscopy and DNA-sequencing 2 dominant types of haemoparasite infections, trypanosomes and Litomosoides (Nematoda) were identified. Trypanosome prevalence was significantly higher in bats from forest fragments, than in bats captured in continuous forest. We attribute this to the loss of species richness in forest fragments and specific characteristics of the fragments favouring trypanosome transmission, in particular changes in vegetation cover. Interestingly, the effect of habitat fragmentation on the prevalence of trypanosomes as multi-host parasites could not be observed in Litomosoides which probably has a higher host specificity and might be affected less by overall diversity loss.
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Paterson, George B., Gill Smart, Paul McKenzie, and Sally Cook. "Prioritising sites for pollinators in a fragmented coastal nectar habitat network in Western Europe." Landscape Ecology 34, no. 12 (2019): 2791–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00884-x.
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Abstract Context Habitat loss and fragmentation contribute significantly to pollinator decline and biodiversity loss globally. Conserving high quality habitats whilst restoring and connecting remnant habitat is critical to halt such declines. Objectives We quantified the connectivity of pollinator habitats for a generic focal species (GFS) which represented three groups of pollinators in an existing coastal nectar habitat network. Subsequently, in partnership with a conservation agency, we modelled an improved landscape that identified priority habitat patches to increase connectivity for pollinators. Methods We selected 4260 pollinator habitats along an 80 km section of coastland in Scotland using Phase 1 habitat data. A GFS represented three vulnerable European pollinator groups while graph theory and spatial metrics were used to identify optimal sites that could enhance habitat connectivity. Results Higher dispersing species experienced greater habitat connectivity in the improved landscape and habitat availability increased substantially in response to small increases in habitat. The improved landscape revealed important habitat patches in the existing landscape that should be protected and developed. Conclusions Our findings highlight that optimal landscapes can be designed through the integration of habitat data with spatial metrics for a GFS. By adopting this novel approach, conservation strategies can be targeted in an efficient manner to conserve at-risk species and their associated habitats. Integrating these design principles with policy and practice could enhance biodiversity across Europe.
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Liao, Jinbao, Daniel Bearup, and Bernd Blasius. "Food web persistence in fragmented landscapes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1859 (2017): 20170350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0350.
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Habitat destruction, characterized by patch loss and fragmentation, is a key driver of biodiversity loss. There has been some progress in the theory of spatial food webs; however, to date, practically nothing is known about how patch configurational fragmentation influences multi-trophic food web dynamics. We develop a spatially extended patch-dynamic model for different food webs by linking patch connectivity with trophic-dependent dispersal (i.e. higher trophic levels displaying longer-range dispersal). Using this model, we find that species display different sensitivities to patch loss and fragmentation, depending on their trophic position and the overall food web structure. Relative to other food webs, omnivory structure significantly increases system robustness to habitat destruction, as feeding on different trophic levels increases the omnivore's persistence. Additionally, in food webs with a dispersal–competition trade-off between species, intermediate levels of habitat destruction can enhance biodiversity by creating refuges for the weaker competitor. This demonstrates that maximizing patch connectivity is not always effective for biodiversity maintenance, as in food webs containing indirect competition, doing so may lead to further species loss.
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Wilkinson, David A., Jonathan C. Marshall, Nigel P. French, and David T. S. Hayman. "Habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and the risk of novel infectious disease emergence." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 149 (2018): 20180403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0403.
Full textAbstract:
The number of microbes on Earth may be 10 30 , exceeding all other diversity. A small number of these can infect people and cause disease. The diversity of parasitic organisms likely correlates with the hosts they live in and the number mammal hosts for zoonotic infections increases with species richness among mammalian orders. Thus, while habitat loss and fragmentation may reduce species diversity, the habitat encroachment by people into species-rich areas may increase the exposure of people to novel infectious agents from wildlife. Here, we present a theoretical framework that exploits the species–area relationship to link the exposure of people to novel infections with habitat biodiversity. We model changes in human exposure to microbes through defined classes of habitat fragmentation and predict that increased habitat division intrinsically increases the hazard from microbes for all modelled biological systems. We apply our model to African tropical forests as an example. Our results suggest that it is possible to identify high-risk areas for the mitigation and surveillance of novel disease emergence and that mitigation measures may reduce this risk while conserving biodiversity.
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Miller, Bruce, and Carolyn Miller. "The status of the Black CatbirdMelanoptila glabrirostrison Caye Caulker, Belize." Bird Conservation International 1, no. 3 (1991): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900000630.
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SummaryAn evaluation of the relative abundance of the Black CatbirdMelanoptila glabrirostriswas undertaken on Caye Caulker, an offshore island along the barrier reef of Belize, Central America. Although the species is locally abundant in part of the Sian Kaàn Biosphere Reserve in Mexico, the species is facing habitat fragmentation and loss due to development, both along the Mexican coastal areas and on the island habitats in Belize. The Caye Caulker population appears to be the largest in Belize. Transects of fixed radius point counts resulted in 15.5% and mist-netting resulted in 22.4% of all birds recorded being Black Catbirds. The Neotropical migrant Grey CatbirdDumetella carolinensisapparently shares the same habitat on Caye Caulker and comprised 11.2% of all birds netted. The netted Black Catbirds were noted to have substantial fat deposits. The habitat on Caye Caulker is facing probable fragmentation from recent accelerated land speculation and development of an airstrip.
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Eschenroeder, Jackman C., and James H. Roberts. "Habitat loss, fragmentation, and the genetic status of Roanoke bass." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 2 (2020): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0103.
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Roanoke bass (Ambloplites cavifrons) persist in five river basins in the eastern US, where they are threatened by invasive species, habitat loss and degradation, and hydrologic fragmentation. We conducted the first conservation genetic study of A. cavifrons, analyzing variation at 19 nuclear microsatellite DNA loci and the cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA gene to estimate population structure and demography, genetic relationships among populations, and the role of landscape features in regulating genetic diversity and differentiation. Most streams harbored genetically distinguishable populations, with high connectivity among reaches within streams but no contemporary dispersal among streams. In contrast, mitochondrial divergence within and among basins was weak, suggesting historically higher range-wide connectivity. Most populations exhibited small effective population sizes and evidence of past population bottlenecks. Genetic diversity correlated positively with patch size but negatively with watershed urban and agricultural development, suggesting that habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation have acted in concert to reduce population viability. Mitigating these impacts may require a combination of tactics, including restoring habitat, limiting the spread of invasive competitors, and reestablishing historical connectivity.
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Bozhilova, Mariam, and Cridi Frissen. "Green infrastructure for species conservation: A case study of Podarcis muralis in Hoge Fronten, Maastricht, Netherlands." Silva Balcanica 26, no. 1 (2025): 91–104. https://doi.org/10.3897/silvabalcanica.26.e148227.
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Urbanization poses a significant threat to biodiversity, altering habitats and ecosystems. While many species struggle to adapt, targeted conservation efforts can mitigate these impacts. This article examines the conservation of Podarcis muralis (wall lizard) in the Hoge Fronten, Maastricht, Netherlands. Despite the threats posed by habitat fragmentation and loss of habitat and refuges, strategic measures such as habitat restoration, artificial refuge creation, ecological corridor construction, and public engagement have facilitated a remarkable population recovery. The case study highlights the importance of integrating ecological principles into urban planning. It underscores the potential of cities to serve as havens for biodiversity when conservation is prioritized, leveraging urban ecosystems for both ecological and social benefits. This multifaceted approach offers valuable insights for managing biodiversity in urbanized landscapes and supports broader reintroduction initiatives to combat habitat loss and species decline.
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Cottontail, V. M., N. Wellinghausen, and E. K. V. Kalko. "Habitat fragmentation and haemoparasites in the common fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis (Phyllostomidae) in a tropical lowland forest in Panam." Parasitology 136, no. 10 (2009): 1133–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13407931.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anthropogenic influence on ecosystems, such as habitat fragmentation, impacts species diversity and interactions. There is growing evidence that degradation of habitats favours disease and hence affects ecosystem health. The prevalence of haemoparasites in the Common Fruit Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) in a tropical lowland forest in Panama´ was studied. We assessed the relation of haemoparasite to the general condition of the animals and tested for possible association of haemoparasite prevalence to habitat fragmentation, with special focus on trypanosomes. Overall, a total of 250 A. jamaicensis sampled from fragmented sites, here man-made, forested islands in Lake Gatu` n, and sites in the adjacent, continuous forest in and around the Barro Colorado Nature Monument were examined. Using microscopy and DNA-sequencing 2 dominant types of haemoparasite infections, trypanosomes and Litomosoides (Nematoda) were identified. Trypanosome prevalence was significantly higher in bats from forest fragments, than in bats captured in continuous forest. We attribute this to the loss of species richness in forest fragments and specific characteristics of the fragments favouring trypanosome transmission, in particular changes in vegetation cover. Interestingly, the effect of habitat fragmentation on the prevalence of trypanosomes as multi-host parasites could not be observed in Litomosoides which probably has a higher host specificity and might be affected less by overall diversity loss.
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Cottontail, V. M., N. Wellinghausen, and E. K. V. Kalko. "Habitat fragmentation and haemoparasites in the common fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis (Phyllostomidae) in a tropical lowland forest in Panamá." Parasitology 136, no. 10 (2009): 1133–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13514041.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anthropogenic influence on ecosystems, such as habitat fragmentation, impacts species diversity and interactions. There is growing evidence that degradation of habitats favours disease and hence affects ecosystem health. The prevalence of haemoparasites in the Common Fruit Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) in a tropical lowland forest in Panama´ was studied. We assessed the relation of haemoparasite to the general condition of the animals and tested for possible association of haemoparasite prevalence to habitat fragmentation, with special focus on trypanosomes. Overall, a total of 250 A. jamaicensis sampled from fragmented sites, here man-made, forested islands in Lake Gatu` n, and sites in the adjacent, continuous forest in and around the Barro Colorado Nature Monument were examined. Using microscopy and DNA-sequencing 2 dominant types of haemoparasite infections, trypanosomes and Litomosoides (Nematoda) were identified. Trypanosome prevalence was significantly higher in bats from forest fragments, than in bats captured in continuous forest. We attribute this to the loss of species richness in forest fragments and specific characteristics of the fragments favouring trypanosome transmission, in particular changes in vegetation cover. Interestingly, the effect of habitat fragmentation on the prevalence of trypanosomes as multi-host parasites could not be observed in Litomosoides which probably has a higher host specificity and might be affected less by overall diversity loss.
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Cottontail, V. M., N. Wellinghausen, and E. K. V. Kalko. "Habitat fragmentation and haemoparasites in the common fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis (Phyllostomidae) in a tropical lowland forest in Panamá." Parasitology 136, no. 10 (2009): 1133–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13514041.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anthropogenic influence on ecosystems, such as habitat fragmentation, impacts species diversity and interactions. There is growing evidence that degradation of habitats favours disease and hence affects ecosystem health. The prevalence of haemoparasites in the Common Fruit Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) in a tropical lowland forest in Panama´ was studied. We assessed the relation of haemoparasite to the general condition of the animals and tested for possible association of haemoparasite prevalence to habitat fragmentation, with special focus on trypanosomes. Overall, a total of 250 A. jamaicensis sampled from fragmented sites, here man-made, forested islands in Lake Gatu` n, and sites in the adjacent, continuous forest in and around the Barro Colorado Nature Monument were examined. Using microscopy and DNA-sequencing 2 dominant types of haemoparasite infections, trypanosomes and Litomosoides (Nematoda) were identified. Trypanosome prevalence was significantly higher in bats from forest fragments, than in bats captured in continuous forest. We attribute this to the loss of species richness in forest fragments and specific characteristics of the fragments favouring trypanosome transmission, in particular changes in vegetation cover. Interestingly, the effect of habitat fragmentation on the prevalence of trypanosomes as multi-host parasites could not be observed in Litomosoides which probably has a higher host specificity and might be affected less by overall diversity loss.
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Cottontail, V. M., N. Wellinghausen, and E. K. V. Kalko. "Habitat fragmentation and haemoparasites in the common fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis (Phyllostomidae) in a tropical lowland forest in Panamá." Parasitology 136, no. 10 (2009): 1133–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13514041.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anthropogenic influence on ecosystems, such as habitat fragmentation, impacts species diversity and interactions. There is growing evidence that degradation of habitats favours disease and hence affects ecosystem health. The prevalence of haemoparasites in the Common Fruit Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) in a tropical lowland forest in Panama´ was studied. We assessed the relation of haemoparasite to the general condition of the animals and tested for possible association of haemoparasite prevalence to habitat fragmentation, with special focus on trypanosomes. Overall, a total of 250 A. jamaicensis sampled from fragmented sites, here man-made, forested islands in Lake Gatu` n, and sites in the adjacent, continuous forest in and around the Barro Colorado Nature Monument were examined. Using microscopy and DNA-sequencing 2 dominant types of haemoparasite infections, trypanosomes and Litomosoides (Nematoda) were identified. Trypanosome prevalence was significantly higher in bats from forest fragments, than in bats captured in continuous forest. We attribute this to the loss of species richness in forest fragments and specific characteristics of the fragments favouring trypanosome transmission, in particular changes in vegetation cover. Interestingly, the effect of habitat fragmentation on the prevalence of trypanosomes as multi-host parasites could not be observed in Litomosoides which probably has a higher host specificity and might be affected less by overall diversity loss.
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Cottontail, V. M., N. Wellinghausen, and E. K. V. Kalko. "Habitat fragmentation and haemoparasites in the common fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis (Phyllostomidae) in a tropical lowland forest in Panamá." Parasitology 136, no. 10 (2009): 1133–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13514041.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anthropogenic influence on ecosystems, such as habitat fragmentation, impacts species diversity and interactions. There is growing evidence that degradation of habitats favours disease and hence affects ecosystem health. The prevalence of haemoparasites in the Common Fruit Bat (Artibeus jamaicensis) in a tropical lowland forest in Panama´ was studied. We assessed the relation of haemoparasite to the general condition of the animals and tested for possible association of haemoparasite prevalence to habitat fragmentation, with special focus on trypanosomes. Overall, a total of 250 A. jamaicensis sampled from fragmented sites, here man-made, forested islands in Lake Gatu` n, and sites in the adjacent, continuous forest in and around the Barro Colorado Nature Monument were examined. Using microscopy and DNA-sequencing 2 dominant types of haemoparasite infections, trypanosomes and Litomosoides (Nematoda) were identified. Trypanosome prevalence was significantly higher in bats from forest fragments, than in bats captured in continuous forest. We attribute this to the loss of species richness in forest fragments and specific characteristics of the fragments favouring trypanosome transmission, in particular changes in vegetation cover. Interestingly, the effect of habitat fragmentation on the prevalence of trypanosomes as multi-host parasites could not be observed in Litomosoides which probably has a higher host specificity and might be affected less by overall diversity loss.
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Templeton, Alan R., Jennifer L. Neuwald, Hilary Brazeal, and R. James Robertson. "Invited Minireview: Restoring Demographic Processes in Translocated Populations: The Case of Collared Lizards in the Missouri Ozarks Using Prescribed Forest Fires." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 53, no. 2 (2007): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.53.2.179.
Full textAbstract:
Habitat fragmentation is one of the more important contributors to species endangerment, but one form of fragmentation, here called dispersal fragmentation, can often go unobserved for many years after it has occurred. Many species live in naturally fragmented habitats, but the local populations are interconnected genetically and demographically by dispersal through the environmental matrix in which the habitats are embedded. Because of dispersal, the local populations are not truly fragmented evolutionarily or ecologically. However, when human activities alter the environmental matrix such that dispersal is no longer possible, the population does indeed become fragmented even though they initially are present in the same habitats. An example of dispersal fragmentation via an altered environmental matrix is provided by the eastern collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris collaris). This lizard lives on open, rocky habitats, called glades, that are embedded in the forests of the Ozarks, a highland region located primarily in Missouri and Arkansas in the USA. Forest fire suppression has reduced this habitat, resulting in severe habitat fragmentation, disruption of gene flow, loss of genetic variation within glade populations, and local extinction without recolonization. Beginning in 1982, glade habitats were restored by clearing and burning in the Peck Ranch area of the Missouri Ozarks, a region where the lizards had gone extinct. Starting in 1984, lizard populations were translocated from other Missouri glades onto restored glades at the Peck Ranch. Although these translocated populations survived well on the restored glades, no movement was detected between glades, some just 50 m apart, and no colonization of nearby restored glades, some just 60 m away, occurred between 1984 and 1993. Fragmentation, lack of colonization, no gene flow, and loss of genetic variation still persisted despite translocation reversing some of the local extinction. Fire scar data from trees and tree stumps indicated that forest fires were common in this area prior to European settlement, so in 1994 a new management policy of prescribed burning of both the glades and their forest matrix was initiated. Once the forest had been burned, the lizards could disperse kilometers through the forest, thereby reestablishing the processes of dispersal, gene flow, colonization, and local extinction followed by recolonization. This resulted in a dramatic increase in population size and inhabited area. By incorporating a landscape perspective into the management strategy, the eastern collared lizard has been successfully reestablished in a region of historic extirpation.
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Wilkinson, David A., Jonathan C. Marshall, Nigel P. French, and David T. S. Hayman. "Habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and the risk of novel infectious disease emergence." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 149 (2018): 20180403. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504031.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The number of microbes on Earth may be 1030, exceeding all other diversity. A small number of these can infect people and cause disease. The diversity of parasitic organisms likely correlates with the hosts they live in and the number mammal hosts for zoonotic infections increases with species richness among mammalian orders. Thus, while habitat loss and fragmentation may reduce species diversity, the habitat encroachment by people into species-rich areas may increase the exposure of people to novel infectious agents from wildlife. Here, we present a theoretical framework that exploits the species–area relationship to link the exposure of people to novel infections with habitat biodiversity. We model changes in human exposure to microbes through defined classes of habitat fragmentation and predict that increased habitat division intrinsically increases the hazard from microbes for all modelled biological systems. We apply our model to African tropical forests as an example. Our results suggest that it is possible to identify high-risk areas for the mitigation and surveillance of novel disease emergence and that mitigation measures may reduce this risk while conserving biodiversity.
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Wilkinson, David A., Jonathan C. Marshall, Nigel P. French, and David T. S. Hayman. "Habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and the risk of novel infectious disease emergence." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 149 (2018): 20180403. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504031.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The number of microbes on Earth may be 1030, exceeding all other diversity. A small number of these can infect people and cause disease. The diversity of parasitic organisms likely correlates with the hosts they live in and the number mammal hosts for zoonotic infections increases with species richness among mammalian orders. Thus, while habitat loss and fragmentation may reduce species diversity, the habitat encroachment by people into species-rich areas may increase the exposure of people to novel infectious agents from wildlife. Here, we present a theoretical framework that exploits the species–area relationship to link the exposure of people to novel infections with habitat biodiversity. We model changes in human exposure to microbes through defined classes of habitat fragmentation and predict that increased habitat division intrinsically increases the hazard from microbes for all modelled biological systems. We apply our model to African tropical forests as an example. Our results suggest that it is possible to identify high-risk areas for the mitigation and surveillance of novel disease emergence and that mitigation measures may reduce this risk while conserving biodiversity.
46
Wilkinson, David A., Jonathan C. Marshall, Nigel P. French, and David T. S. Hayman. "Habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and the risk of novel infectious disease emergence." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 149 (2018): 20180403. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504031.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The number of microbes on Earth may be 1030, exceeding all other diversity. A small number of these can infect people and cause disease. The diversity of parasitic organisms likely correlates with the hosts they live in and the number mammal hosts for zoonotic infections increases with species richness among mammalian orders. Thus, while habitat loss and fragmentation may reduce species diversity, the habitat encroachment by people into species-rich areas may increase the exposure of people to novel infectious agents from wildlife. Here, we present a theoretical framework that exploits the species–area relationship to link the exposure of people to novel infections with habitat biodiversity. We model changes in human exposure to microbes through defined classes of habitat fragmentation and predict that increased habitat division intrinsically increases the hazard from microbes for all modelled biological systems. We apply our model to African tropical forests as an example. Our results suggest that it is possible to identify high-risk areas for the mitigation and surveillance of novel disease emergence and that mitigation measures may reduce this risk while conserving biodiversity.
47
Wilkinson, David A., Jonathan C. Marshall, Nigel P. French, and David T. S. Hayman. "Habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and the risk of novel infectious disease emergence." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 149 (2018): 20180403. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504031.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The number of microbes on Earth may be 1030, exceeding all other diversity. A small number of these can infect people and cause disease. The diversity of parasitic organisms likely correlates with the hosts they live in and the number mammal hosts for zoonotic infections increases with species richness among mammalian orders. Thus, while habitat loss and fragmentation may reduce species diversity, the habitat encroachment by people into species-rich areas may increase the exposure of people to novel infectious agents from wildlife. Here, we present a theoretical framework that exploits the species–area relationship to link the exposure of people to novel infections with habitat biodiversity. We model changes in human exposure to microbes through defined classes of habitat fragmentation and predict that increased habitat division intrinsically increases the hazard from microbes for all modelled biological systems. We apply our model to African tropical forests as an example. Our results suggest that it is possible to identify high-risk areas for the mitigation and surveillance of novel disease emergence and that mitigation measures may reduce this risk while conserving biodiversity.
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Shanee, Sam, Lorena Fernández-Hidalgo, Nestor Allgas, et al. "Threat Analysis of Forest Fragmentation and Degradation for Peruvian Primates." Diversity 15, no. 2 (2023): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020276.
Full textAbstract:
Peru has 55 primate taxa (including all species and subspecies), a third of which are threatened. The major drivers of habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation are grazing, forestry, agriculture and transport infrastructure. Other activities such as hunting exacerbate these threats. We assessed the threats from degradation and fragmentation facing Peruvian primates to aid in the design and implementation of mitigation strategies. Through GIS-based mapping, statistical modeling and specialist assessments, we evaluated all primate taxa using the IUCN Conservation Measures Partnership Unified Classifications of Direct Threats across five categories (direct threats to primates, threats to habitat, causes of fragmentation, factors exacerbating fragmentation and threats to primates and habitats as a consequence of fragmentation), highlighting which were most common and most severe. Our results showed that all primate taxa were affected by degradation and fragmentation in Peru. The most common and severe direct threat was hunting, whereas housing and urban development, smallholder crop farming, smallholder grazing and large-scale logging were the most common and severe threats across the other categories. The families Cebidae and Atelidae face the highest overall threat. Our analysis showed that the current IUCN listing of Leontocebus leucogenys [LC] underestimates the true threat level this species faces and that Lagothrix lagothricha tschudii [DD] should be listed under one of the threat categories. In Peru, the need for mitigating the threat of habitat fragmentation is clear. To ensure the survival of Peru’s diverse primate taxa, forest connectivity needs to be maintained or recovered through the protection and restoration of key areas considering their biological and social needs.
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Steffens, Travis S., and Shawn M. Lehman. "Lemur species-specific metapopulation responses to habitat loss and fragmentation." PLOS ONE 13, no. 5 (2018): e0195791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195791.
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Fahrig, Lenore. "Relative Effects of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation on Population Extinction." Journal of Wildlife Management 61, no. 3 (1997): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802168.
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