Academic literature on the topic 'Habitat preferences'

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Journal articles on the topic "Habitat preferences"

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Komatsu, Takashi, Munetoshi Maruyama, and Takao Itino. "Two Cleptoparasitic Ant Crickets (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae) That Share Similar Host Ant Species Differentiate Their Habitat Use in Areas of Sympatry in Japan." Sociobiology 62, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v62i3.655.

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Myrmecophilus crickets (Myrmecophilidae, Orthoptera) are typical ant guests. In Japan, about 10 species are recognized on the basis of morphological and molecular phylogenetic frameworks. We focused on two of these species, M. kinomurai and M. kubotai, and compared their host and habitat use. Previous work based on a limited sampling effort suggested that these two species share some ant species as hosts, but that their habitat (open versus shaded) preferences differ. Here, on the basis of exhaustive sampling across Japan, we confirmed that M. kinomurai and M. kubotai do not differ in their host ant preferences: both prefer formicine ants as hosts. As for habitat preferences, M. kubotai occurred significantly more often in open habitats than in shaded ones (P < 0.05). In contrast, M. kinomurai showed no habitat preference in areas where M. kubotai did not occur. However, M. kinomurai showed an obvious preference for shaded environments in areas of sympatry with its potential competitor M. kubotai. This pattern suggests that interspecific competition between M. kinomurai and M. Kubotai is a factor causing habitat differentiation in areas of sympatry.
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Nsor, Collins Ayine, Emmanuel Acquah, Grace Mensah, Vincent Kusi-Kyei, and Samuel Boadi. "Avian Community Structure as a Function of Season, Habitat Type, and Disturbance, in Mole National Park, Northern Region (Ghana)." International Journal of Ecology 2018 (June 19, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2045629.

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The study assessed factors that influenced bird-habitat preference, diversity, and spatial distribution in Mole National Park. Birds were identified using point count sampling method, while ordination techniques were performed to determine the influence of environmental factors on bird-habitat preference. A total of 4951 individuals belonging to 131 species were identified across the four habitat types in the wet (n= 3033) and dry (n= 1648) seasons. Despite the high abundance and richness of birds in the woodland and shrubland habitats, grassland habitat was the most diverse, due to the high spatial evenness distribution of the birds. Bushfire, patchiness, and animal trampling were the key environmental determinants in bird assemblages and habitat preferences and accounted for 62.02% and 81.82% variations in the two seasons. Rarer birds like White-Backed Vulture (NT) and White-Headed Vulture (CR), Bateleur Eagle (NT), and Woolly-Necked Stork (VU), with high conservation concern, suggest intensification of conservation effort, while the dominance of Sahel Bush-sparrow was probably due to their broad range habitat preferences and ability to adapt to environmental conditions across these habitats. These species could be used as indicators of habitat quality, if future scenarios restrict their movement or distribution in narrow range habitats.
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Halliday, William D., Caroline Bourque, and Gabriel Blouin-Demers. "Food quality influences density-dependent fitness, but not always density-dependent habitat selection, in red flour beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 6 (August 5, 2019): 728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.47.

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AbstractDensity-dependent habitat selection models inherently rely on the negative relationship between population density and mean fitness in different habitats. Habitats differing in quality, such as different food sources or habitat structure, can have different strengths of density-dependent relationships, which can then affect patterns of density dependence in habitat selection. We tested the hypothesis that density dependence in fitness dictates the patterns in density-dependent habitat selection: individuals should prefer higher-quality habitat over lower-quality habitat. We used controlled experiments with red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)) to measure density dependence of fitness and to examine density-dependent habitat selection by beetles in wheat (Triticum Linnaeus (Poaceae)), corn (Zea mays Linnaeus (Poaceae)), and soy (Glycine max (Linnaeus) Merrill (Fabaceae)) flour habitats. Despite large differences in fitness between habitats (fitness was the highest in wheat flour, lower in corn flour, and zero in soy flour), beetles showed only weak preference for wheat over corn flour and for corn over soy flour, but showed strong preference for wheat over soy flour. These preferences were the strongest at low density. This study gives insight into the relationship between habitat quality and density-dependent habitat selection in flour beetles.
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Thomas, Nunia, Clare Morrison, Linto Winder, and Craig Morley. "Spatial distribution and habitat preferences of co-occurring vertebrate species: Case study of an endangered frog and an introduced toad in Fiji." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 1 (2011): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110068.

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Wildlife management, particularly the conservation of threatened species, often involves habitat management and an understanding of species preferences. Much ecological data used to establish rare and endangered species distributions and/or habitat associations exists in the form of point counts which often violates the assumptions of commonly used statistical techniques. In this study, the spatial distribution and habitat preferences of an endangered, endemic frog (Platymantis vitianus — Fiji ground frog) and an introduced toad (Rhinella marina — cane toad) were observed and mapped on a 60 ha island using a grid of 232 sampling points with 50 × 20 m spacing. The Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices (SADIE) analytical tool demonstrated that despite the wide range of habitats present on Viwa Island, both ground frogs and cane toads displayed clear and defined macrohabitat preferences. Whilst both species showed a strong preference for Inocarpus fagifer forests, there was little overlap in other habitat types with the ground frogs preferring more densely vegetated forest habitats and cane toads preferring more open habitat types close to both permanent and temporary water sources. Within the I. fagifer forests, there was no evidence of overlap in the distributions of the two species. The spatial pattern evident indicates that cane toad and ground frog populations co-exist, probably due to similar habitat preferences. However, a more detailed study on the interactions between the two species within their natural environment is needed to determine the nature and magnitude of the impact of the cane toad on the ground frog.
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Robinson, B. G., K. W. Larsen, and H. J. Kerr. "Natal experience and conspecifics influence the settling behaviour of the juvenile terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 8 (August 2011): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-030.

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Cues used by dispersing juveniles to assess habitat quality can be based on public information available to all individuals or on private information obtained from experience in the natal habitat. The presence of conspecifics (public information) and natal habitat quality (private information) have been shown to influence habitat preferences in many species, but the relative importance of these two cue types is seldom investigated. We examined whether habitat quality relative to the natal habitat had a stronger influence on the settling decisions of the juvenile terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804), than sign of conspecifics. We raised juvenile A. vulgare in either high- or low-quality habitats and then observed how the presence of conspecific sign influenced their preference for each of these habitats. When conspecific sign was absent, juveniles preferred high-quality habitat, regardless of their natal habitat. When the low-quality habitat was treated with conspecific sign, juveniles born on low-quality habitat continued to prefer the high-quality habitat, but juveniles raised on high-quality habitat displayed no preference. This suggests juvenile isopods respond to these cues hierarchically: they first search for habitats higher in quality than their natal habitat and then cue into conspecific sign when the preferred habitat is unavailable.
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Egan, Scott P., Glen R. Hood, and James R. Ott. "Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Ecologically Divergent Gall Wasp Populations." International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/809897.

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Habitat isolation occurs when habitat preferences lower the probability of mating between individuals associated with differing habitats. While a potential barrier to gene flow during ecological speciation, the effect of habitat isolation on reproductive isolation has rarely been directly tested. Herein, we first estimated habitat preference for each of six populations of the gall waspBelonocnema treataeinhabiting eitherQuercus virginianaorQ. geminata. We then estimated the importance of habitat isolation in generating reproductive isolation betweenB. treataepopulations that were host specific to eitherQ. virginianaorQ. geminataby measuring mate preference in the presence and absence of the respective host plants. All populations exhibited host preference for their native plant, and assortative mating increased significantly in the presence of the respective host plants. This host-plant-mediated assortative mating demonstrates that habitat isolation likely plays an important role in promoting reproductive isolation among populations of this host-specific gall former.
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Stirling, Ian, Dennis Andriashek, and Wendy Calvert. "Habitat preferences of polar bears in the western Canadian Arctic in late winter and spring." Polar Record 29, no. 168 (January 1993): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400023172.

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ABSTRACTBetween late March and May, from 1971 through 1979, we surveyed 74,332 km2 of sea-ice habitatin the eastern Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf in the western Canadian Arctic. We defined seven sea-ice habitat types and recorded sightings of polar bears and their tracks in each to determine their habitat preferences. 791 bears (including cubs) and 6454 sets of tracks were recorded. 42.3%, 39.7%, and 15.6% of the bears were seen on floe-edge, moving ice, and drifted fast-ice habitats, respectively. Significant differences in habitat preferences were shown by bears of different sexes and age classes. Adult females accompanied by cubs of the year were the only group that showed a strong preference for fast ice with drifts, probably because they could feed adequately there while avoiding adult males that might prey upon their cubs. The highest densities of seals are found in floe-edge and moving ice habitats and this likely explains the predominance of bears there. Lone adult females and females with two-year-old cubs, adult males, and subadult males were found two and one-half to four times more frequently than predicted in floe-edge habitat. Since there are no data to suggest seals are more abundant along the floe edge than in moving ice habitat, the preference of these groups of adult polar bears for the floe edge in spring may be related to reproductive behavior.
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Tadesse, Solomon A., and Burt P. Kotler. "Habitat Choices of Nubian Ibex (Capra Nubiana) Evaluated with A habitat Suitability Modeling and Isodar Analysis." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 56, no. 1 (May 6, 2010): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.56.1.55.

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The value of a habitat for a forager may be affected by habitat characteristics related to food availability, energetic costs of foraging, predation costs, and the foraging opportunities available in other habitats. Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) are stout, sure-footed social wild goats that inhabit arid landscapes with steep terrain. We investigated their habitat selection behavior using indicators to (1) develop a habitat suitability index (HSI) model that would account for the variation in the activity densities of Nubian ibex across habitat types and seasons, (2) apply the isodar technique to look for density-dependent habitat selection behavior in Nubian ibex, and (3) investigate the proximate environmental factors that correlate to relative activity densities of Nubian ibex. We determined relative densities of the ibex by recording sightings of animals along standard walking transects. We incorporated the habitat variables that had greatest influence on the densities of Nubian ibex into habitat suitability index models for both spring and summer seasons.The HSI models revealed that Nubian ibex most preferred open cliff face habitat offering safety during the spring season, but their habitat preference shifted towards an area with watered gardens ("grave area habitat") during the summer season. Significant isodars were only obtained for the summer season comparisons between grave area versus cliff face, and between grave area versus plateau habitats. The slopes of the isodars suggest that the grave area habitat is 10.5 and 7.6 times more productive than the plateau and the cliff face habitats, respectively. Our results suggest that the relative abundances and habitat preferences of Nubian ibex varied with the seasonal availability of habitat resources, extent of predation risks, and human nuisance disturbances across the landscape. We recommend that wildlife managers dealing with the conservation and protection of the endangered Nubian ibex should focus on the various ecological and anthropogenic factors governing the habitat selection and preferences.
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Hartung, Sarah C., and Jeffrey D. Brawn. "Effects of Savanna Restoration on the Foraging Ecology of Insectivorous Songbirds." Condor 107, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.4.879.

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Abstract We studied the foraging behavior of insectivorous songbirds during the breeding season at four sites in Illinois, each with restored open-canopy savanna habitat (65% mean canopy closure) and closed-canopy forests (89% mean canopy closure). We sampled and compared apparent tree species preference, foliage layer preference, and proportional use of different prey-attack maneuvers in the two habitats. In closed-canopy forests, three of nine songbird species foraged in black oak (Quercus velutina) and white oak (Q. alba) more than expected based on availability, and foraged less than expected in shade-tolerant trees such as sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and red elm (Ulmus rubra). Four species also displayed apparent preferences for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis). In contrast, songbirds used tree species according to availability in open-canopy habitat. We observed apparent preferences for the shrub and subcanopy vegetation layers (0–5 m and 6–10 m) in open-canopy habitat and apparent preferences for the subcanopy and lower canopy vegetation layers (6–10 m and 11–15 m) in closed-canopy forests. Relative use of prey-attack maneuvers in open versus closed-canopy habitat was significantly different for the Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens) and the Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus), but not for foliage-gleaning species. These results suggest that restoration of oak savannas has important effects on the habitat use and foraging ecology of selected insectivorous birds.
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Zielke, Luisa, Nicole Wrage-Mönnig, Jürgen Müller, and and Carsten Neumann. "Implications of Spatial Habitat Diversity on Diet Selection of European Bison and Przewalski´s Horses in a Rewilding Area." Diversity 11, no. 4 (April 18, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11040063.

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In Europe, the interest in introducing megaherbivores to achieve ambitious habitat restoration goals is increasing. In this study, we present the results of a one-year monitoring program in a rewilding project in Germany (Doeberitzer Heide), where European bison (Bison bonasus) and Przewalski´s horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) were introduced for ecological restoration purposes. Our objectives were to investigate diet and habitat preferences of Przewalski´s horses and European bison under free-choice conditions without fodder supplementation. In a random forest classification approach, we used multitemporal RapidEye time series imagery to map the diversity of available habitats within the study area. This spatially explicit habitat distribution from satellite imagery was combined with direct field observations of seasonal diet preferences of both species. In line with the availability of preferred forage plants, European bison and Przewalski´s horses both showed seasonal habitat preferences. Because of their different preferences for forage plants, they did not overlap in habitat use except for a short time in the colder season. European bison used open habitats and especially wet open habitats more than expected based on available habitats in the study area. Comparative foraging and feeding niches should be considered in the establishment of multispecies projects to maximize the outcome of restoration processes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Habitat preferences"

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Keitzer, S. Conor. "Habitat preferences of the eastern hellbender in West Virginia." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=759.

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Theses (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains vi, 66 pages including color illustrations and maps. Includes vitae. Bibliography: p. 58-64.
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Weibull, Henrik. "Bryophytes on boulders : diversity, habitat preferences and conservation aspects /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/99-3371261-6.pdf.

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Perry, Cahanin Jacqueline Marie. "Abundance and Habitat Preferences of Introduced Muscovy Ducks (Cairina moschata)." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6741.

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Muscovy ducks are native only to Central and South America, Mexico, and parts of southern Texas and are considered invasive in some areas outside of their native range. Although they have been introduced worldwide, they remain largely unstudied. The primary focus of this study was to relate Muscovy duck abundance to habitat characteristics of wetlands in Tampa, Florida. Muscovy abundance was measured using point count methods at 21 wetland sites that occur within an eight km radius of the University of South Florida’s main campus. Habitat features at these sites were assessed using field methods and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (Arc 10.1v). Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-squared tests were performed to identify significant differences between quantitative data groups. A Chi-squared test determined that there was not a positive correlation between Muscovy abundance and fountains or water regime, yet identified a significant relationship between Muscovy abundance and fencing, in which Muscovies did not frequently occupy ponds with fencing. Mann-Whitney U tests did not identify significances between Muscovy abundance and other habitat groups. Since Muscovy ducks are listed as an invasive species, identifying habitat preferences and deterrents will assist land managers and property owners with habitat modifications in preventing or controlling nuisance Muscovy populations.
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O'Hare, Matthew Thomas. "Flow preferences of benthic macroinvertebrates in three Scottish rivers." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312705.

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Ribeiro, Emanuel Ferreira. "Seasonal variation in foraging habitat preferences in Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/720.

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Conhecer as preferências de habitat de uma espécie é crucial para a definição e implementação de medidas com objectivos de conservação. Neste estudo analisamos a preferência de habitat de caça de uma espécie ameaçada, e a maneira como estas preferências se alteram ao longo da época de reprodução. A disponibilidade de cada tipo de habitat varia consoante as actividades agrícolas, como sementeiras, aragem ou ceifas. Os resultados evidenciam que esta espécie selecciona diferentes tipos de habitat de acordo em cada fase do ciclo reprodutor. No início da época de reprodução, a espécie, prefere caçar em terrenos arados enquanto que no final prefere campos de cereais já ceifados nesta fase, e onde apenas há restolhos. As diferenças observadas não seriam detectadas caso não se considerassem as alterações de habitat inerentes às actividades agrícolas. Os Francelhos preferem caçar em habitats com vegetação baixa e pouco densa provavelmente devido à maior disponibilidade de presas neste tipo de habitats. Machos e fêmeas não apresentam diferenças significativas em parâmetros de caça como a taxa de êxito ou o tempo de caça necessário para capturar uma presa. A taxa de êxito foi mais elevada em restolhos e no período incubação e mais baixa em terrenos arados e durante o período de pré-incubação. As aves despendem menos tempo para efectuar um primeiro ataque em cereal e do que em plantações de algodão. Em plantações de cereais é necessário menos tempo para capturar uma presa enquanto que nos algodoais é necessário um maior esforço de caça. O número de ataques por minuto de observação não é significativamente diferente entre biótopos.
Knowing the habitat preference of a species is of crucial importance in order to sketch measures with conservational purposes. In this study we analyse the foraging habitat preferences of a threatened species and how they change through the breeding season. Habitat availability varies due to changes in agricultural activities such as ploughing, sowing, or harvesting. Our results evidence that this species select different habitat types according to breeding season stage. In the beginning of the season prefer to forage in ploughed fields while during chick rearing and post-fledging prefer cotton fields and cereal stubbles. Thus changes in agricultural activities must be considered in habitat selection studies. Lesser kestrels prefer to forage in low height and sparse cover, probably because of higher prey availability in this kind of habitats. Males and females don’t show significant differences in several hunting parameters. Success rate was higher in cereal stubble and during incubation and lower in ploughed fields and in the pre-incubation period. Lesser kestrels take less time to make a strike in cereal stubble and more in cotton plantations. In cereals prey capture takes less time while in cotton takes more hunting effort. The number of strikes per minute of observation didn’t varied significantly between habitats.
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Chan, Matthew D. "Fish ecomorphology predicting habitat preferences of stream fishes from their body shape /." Diss., Connect to this title online, 2001. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05242001-183326.

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Moradinour, Zahra. "Habitat Preferences of the Woodland Brown (Lopinga achine) in South-East Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131610.

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As a result of changes in grass sward composition and vegetation structure, as well as overgrowth of trees and bushes in open areas, many woodland butterfly species have declined across Europe. Lopinga achine is a flagship species of woodlands and it has gone extinct from several habitats in Europe. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of habitat factors on the occurrence of L. achine and investigate if alteration in such habitat factors effect on their movement pattern. The experiments were conducted in the south east of Sweden. The occurrence of the butterflies and sampling habitat factors were recorded in transect method in 11 sites in the province of Östergötland. Furthermore, movement pattern and flight speed of 28 individuals were tested in two sites with different habitat structures. Habitat variables including host plant (Carex montana) abundance, grass sward height, tree canopy cover and also fern abundance had a significant effect on the occurrence of the species. In addition, open area with short grass height and less canopy cover affected the movement pattern and speed of L. achine and individuals flew more straight and faster in open areas. In conclusion, results shown that habitat factors are important for the occurrence of L. achine and population viability. In addition, alteration in habitat structure such as short grass sward height and lack of bush and canopy trees effect on butterflies’ movement behaviour, which may lead to population decline or extinction of the species from local habitats.
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Roberts, Amy A. "Habitat preferences of the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus, in southwestern Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33801.

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Habitat preference of the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus, was investigated in southwestern Virginia. Habitat features were measured at 158 lizard-centered plots and at paired random plots. Landscape-level variables, southerly aspect and mixed forest type, distinguished lizard-centered from random sites. Hatchlings were associated with relatively high temperature at perch height (23 °C), relatively high amounts (per 1- m2) of coarse woody debris (15%) and bare ground (15%), and relatively low amount of litter (34%). Adults and juveniles were associated with a relatively high number of rocks (22 per 0.01 hectare) and amount of coarse woody debris (9% per 1- m2). Habitat preferences were modeled with a Geographic Information System (GIS) using landscape-level variables and with logistic regression and Akaikeâ s Information Criterion using site-level variables. The best-fitting site-level model for adults/juveniles included % CWD. The best-fitting model for hatchlings included % CWD and number of rocks, and the second best-fitting model also included % litter. Landscape (both classes) and site-level models (adult/juveniles only) were tested at 15 GIS-predicted â suitableâ study areas and at 15 GIS-predicted â unsuitableâ areas. Site-level models for hatchlings were tested with independent data collected at two study areas. Sixteen lizards were found at â suitableâ areas and one at an â unsuitableâ area; the GIS-based model was a good predictor of lizard presence at the landscape level. The best-fitting site-level models for adults/juveniles and hatchlings were poor predictors of lizard presence while the second best-fitting hatchling model was a good predictor of hatchling presence.
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Lintott, P. R. "The distribution and habitat preferences of bats in a temperate urban landscape." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22229.

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Urbanisation is a key driver in the loss, fragmentation and modification of natural habitats resulting in the global loss of biodiversity. As the human population, and consequently the rate of urbanisation, continues to increase exponentially it is important to understand how to sustain and enhance biodiversity within the built environment. Cities comprise a complex assortment of habitat types yet relatively little is known of how its composition and spatial configuration can influence species presence or foraging activities. It is therefore necessary to examine habitat use and biodiversity patterns at multiple spatial scales to fully understand how species are responding to the urban matrix. There are few other orders of animals that are as strongly associated with people as bats (Chiroptera); for some bat species human habitations provide roosts and adaptations of the environment provide food sources. However bat species richness generally declines with increasing urbanisation indicating that many species are not able to persist in highly urbanised areas. In this thesis, I show that the behaviour, habitat preferences, and distribution of bats are strongly influenced by the built environment at both a local and landscape scale. Although many animal species are known to exhibit sex differences in habitat use, adaptability to the urban landscape is commonly examined at the species level without consideration of potential intraspecific differences. I found that female Pipistrellus pygmaeus show greater selectivity in foraging locations within urban woodland in comparison to males at both a local and landscape scale. There was a lower probability of finding females within woodlands which were poorly connected, highly cluttered, with a high edge: interior ratio and fewer mature trees. The results have important implications for our understanding of how to manage areas for breeding females and highlight the need to supplement acoustic monitoring with trapping data to assess sex differences in habitat use. Determining how morphological or behavioural traits can influence species adaptability to the built environment may enable us to improve the effectiveness of conservation efforts. The morphological similarities between P. pygmaeus and P. pipistrellus suggest that both species should respond similarly to the urban matrix, however I found differential habitat use occurring within a variety of urban habitats (e.g. woodland and waterways) and at a landscape scale. In urban woodland there was a higher probability of P. pygmaeus activity relative to P. pipistrellus in woodlands with low clutter and understory cover which were surrounded by low levels of built environment. Many bat species are strongly associated with aquatic or adjacent riparian habitats yet we know little about the utilisation of urban waterways by bats. After surveying urban waterways throughout the UK, I was able to show that the built environment can negatively affect a variety of bat species from the riparian zone up to 3km from a waterway. This indicates that beneficial urban waterway rehabilitation schemes for bats require management at multiple spatial scales, from retaining a vegetated riparian zone at the local scale to highlighting the necessity for conservation funding to be spent on the implementation of landscape scale environmental improvement schemes that encompass the entire urban matrix. Undertaking surveys to confirm species presence or to estimate population sizes can be difficult, particularly for elusive species such as bats. I was able to demonstrate a variety of ways to increase surveying efficiency (e.g. the use of an acoustic lure to increase bat-capture rate) and a significant relationship between bat activity and the relative abundance of certain species of bat which can maximise the knowledge of diversity in an area whilst minimising wildlife disturbances. Urbanisation has also had strong negative effects on many insect groups, such as moths, which are important components of the diets of many bat species. I found that woodland vegetation characteristics were more important than the surrounding landscapes in determining the abundance, species richness, and species diversity of moth assemblages within urban woodland. This indicates that management at a local scale to ensure provision of good quality habitat may be more beneficial for moth populations than improving habitat connectivity across the urban matrix. The findings presented in this thesis have important implications for our understanding of the adaptability of species to the built environment and for the management and monitoring of bat populations. It also highlights that even common bat species are negatively affected by urbanisation and much greater attention should be paid to securing their future within the urban landscape.
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Dettmers, Randall P. "Nesting success and habitat preferences of forest-breeding migratory passerines in southeastern Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487942739808004.

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Books on the topic "Habitat preferences"

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Quinn, Ronald D. Habitat preferences and distribution of mammals in California chaparral. Berkeley, Calif: Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1990.

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W, Schoen John. Brown bear habitat preferences and brown bear logging and mining relationships in southeast Alaska. Juneau, AK: State of Alaska, Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1990.

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W, Schoen John. Brown bear habitat preferences and brown bear logging and mining relationships in southeast Alaska. Juneau, AK: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, 1989.

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W, Schoen John. Brown bear habitat preferences and brown bear logging and mining relationships in Southeast Alaska. Juneau, AK: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Game, 1987.

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Holladay, Brenda A. Phase 1: A limited investigation into the relationship of diet to the habitat preferences of juvenile flathead sole. Fairbanks, AK: Institute of Marine Science, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1999.

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L, McDonald Lyman, and Thomas Dana L, eds. Resource selection by animals: Statistical design and analysis for field studies. London: Chapman & Hall, 1993.

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Franklin, Paul Stephen. The migratory ecology and terrestrial habitat preferences of the great crested newt: Triturus cristatus : at Little Wittenham Nature Reserve. [Leicester]: [Little Wittenham Nature Reserve in collaboration with De Montfort University], 1993.

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Veit-Köhler, Gritta. Zeitliche und räumliche Verteilung, Habitatspräferenzen und Populationsdynamik benthischer Copepoda Harpacticoida in der Potter Cove (King George Island, Antarktis) =: Temporal and spatial distribution, habitat preferences and population dynamics of harpacticoid Copepods in the Potter Cove (King George Island, Antarctica). Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2001.

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Shaw, Tucker. Everything I ate: A year in the life of my mouth. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books, 2005.

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Korad, V. S. Studies on diversity, distribution and habitat preference of bat species in Pune District, Maharashtra. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Habitat preferences"

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Riedel, Frank. "Heterogeneous Time Preferences - The Preferred Habitat Theory Revisited." In Imperfect Information and Investor Heterogeneity in the Bond Market, 45–71. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57663-8_3.

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Bishop, Laura C., Thomas W. Plummer, Fritz Hertel, and Kris Kovarovic. "Paleoenvironments of Laetoli, Tanzania as Determined by Antelope Habitat Preferences." In Paleontology and Geology of Laetoli: Human Evolution in Context, 355–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9956-3_17.

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Ruso, Bernhart, LeeAnn Renninger, and Klaus Atzwanger. "Human Habitat Preferences: A Generative Territory for Evolutionary Aesthetics Research." In Evolutionary Aesthetics, 279–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07142-7_10.

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Půža, Vladimír, and Jiří Nermuť. "Entomopathogenic Nematodes in the Czech Republic: Diversity, Occurrence and Habitat Preferences." In Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests, 421–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18266-7_17.

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Casacci, Luca Pietro, Magdalena Witek, Francesca Barbero, Dario Patricelli, Gaetano Solazzo, Emilio Balletto, and Simona Bonelli. "Habitat preferences of Maculinea arion and its Myrmica host ants: implications for habitat management in Italian Alps." In Lepidoptera Conservation in a Changing World, 163–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1442-7_16.

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Bousbouras, D., and Y. Ioannidis. "The distribution and habitat preferences of the amphibians of Prespa National Park." In Lake Prespa, Northwestern Greece, 127–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5180-1_9.

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van Schaik, C. P., A. Priatna, and D. Priatna. "Population Estimates and Habitat Preferences of Orangutans Based on Line Transects of Nests." In The Neglected Ape, 129–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1091-2_15.

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Steibl, Sebastian. "Daytime Activity and Habitat Preferences of two Sympatric Hermit Crab Species (Decapoda: Anomura: Coenobita)." In Terrestrial Hermit Crab Populations in the Maldives, 19–27. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29541-7_3.

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Earnst, Susan L., Robert Platte, and Laura Bond. "A landscape-scale model of yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) habitat preferences in northern Alaska." In Limnology and Aquatic Birds, 227–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5556-0_17.

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Diaz, Robert J., and Christer Erséus. "Habitat preferences and species associations of shallow-water marine Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the barrier reef ecosystems off Belize, Central America." In Aquatic Oligochaete Biology V, 93–105. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0842-3_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Habitat preferences"

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Muslim, Teguh, and Rachmat Budiwijaya Suba. "A Preliminary Survey of Siamese Crocodile Habitat Preferences." In Joint Symposium on Tropical Studies (JSTS-19). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210408.061.

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Moles, A., and R. P. Stone. "Habitat preferences of juvenile Tanner and red king crabs: Substrate and crude oil." In Crabs in Cold Water Regions: Biology, Management, and Economics. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/ccwrbme.2002.45.

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Choi, J. S. "Habitat Preferences of the Snow Crab, Chionoecetes opilio: Where Stock Assessment and Ecology Intersect." In Biology and Management of Exploited Crab Populations under Climate Change. Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4027/bmecpcc.2010.02.

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Rassati, Davide. "Effect of habitat and climatic preferences on alien ambrosia beetle invasions in deciduous temperate forests." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94704.

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Prasetiya, Dwiki, and Tien Aminatun. "Ecological Informatics Approach to Analyze Habitat Preferences of Auricularia delicata (Italic) in Bingungan Forest, Turgo Natural Forest Conservation Area." In the 2019 9th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3314367.3314382.

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Gundersen, Knute. "Effects of habitat enhancement on bumble bee (Bombus spp.) foraging preferences and common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) population density." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113846.

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Bladon, Andrew, Colin Lucas, Tom Fayle, and Edgar Turner. "British butterflies differ in micro-temperature and habitat preferences, and in their ability to buffer body temperature against changes in air temperature – consequences for reserve management." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107835.

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Chen, Di, Yexiang Xue, Daniel Fink, Shuo Chen, and Carla P. Gomes. "Deep Multi-species Embedding." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/509.

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Understanding how species are distributed across landscapes over time is a fundamental question in biodiversity research. Unfortunately, most species distribution models only target a single species at a time, despite strong ecological evidence that species are not independently distributed. We propose Deep Multi-Species Embedding (DMSE), which jointly embeds vectors corresponding to multiple species as well as vectors representing environmental covariates into a common high-dimensional feature space via a deep neural network. Applied to bird observational data from the citizen science project eBird, we demonstrate how the DMSE model discovers inter-species relationships to outperform single-species distribution models (random forests and SVMs) as well as competing multi-label models. Additionally, we demonstrate the benefit of using a deep neural network to extract features within the embedding and show how they improve the predictive performance of species distribution modelling. An important domain contribution of the DMSE model is the ability to discover and describe species interactions while simultaneously learning the shared habitat preferences among species. As an additional contribution, we provide a graphical embedding of hundreds of bird species in the Northeast US.
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Ahmed, Sultan. "Conditional Preference Network with Constraints and Uncertainty." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/900.

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In multi-attribute preference-based reasoning, the CP-net is a graphical model to represent user's conditional ceteris paribus (all else being equal) preference statements. This paper outlines three aspects of the CP-net. First, when a CP-net is involved with a set of hard constraints, solving the Constrained CP-net requires dominance testing which is a very expensive operation. We tackle this problem by extending the CP-net model such that dominance testing is not needed. Second, user's choices involve habitual behavior and genuine decision. The former is represented using preferences, while we introduce the notion of comfort to represent the latter. Then, we suggest an extension of the CP-net which can represent both preference and comfort. Third, preferences often come with noise and uncertainty. In this regard, we suggest the probabilistic extension of the Tradeoff-enhanced CP-net (TCP-net) model. The necessary semantics and usefulness of the extensions above are described. Finally, we outline some in-progress and future work.
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Salas, Dan, and Aaron Steber. "Restored Crossings: When and Where to Apply Stream Restoration Techniques to Protect Exposed Pipelines." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64467.

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Maintenance of existing rights-of-way often involve dealing with exposed pipelines near stream crossings. Streams often shift over time. This adjustment can lead to erosion of the streambed and streambanks, exposing pipelines or other infrastructure to threats such as hydraulic pressure, buoyancy, debris collisions, or pipe vibration and fatigue. Under these conditions, managers can be faced with relocating the pipe, performing localized streambank stabilization, or employing stream restoration techniques to provide long-term protection. When localized stabilization is the preferred approach, selection of techniques is often determined by what will protect the pipeline without consideration of the stream context surrounding it. However, due to site conditions, manager preferences, and regulatory considerations, techniques from the disciplines of stream restoration and habitat enhancement can provide cost-effective alternatives to traditional hard-armoring by concrete or stone depending on the site context. Using past experience and a series of decision analysis tools, it was determined that geomorphic context should be factored as a foremost consideration when evaluating the most stable and cost effective approach to correcting exposed pipelines. One of the most critical factors in assessing the feasibility of stabilization options is the height and orientation of exposed pipes relative to the stream’s bankfull elevation.
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Reports on the topic "Habitat preferences"

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Azzellino, Arianna. Habitat Modeling and Preferences of Marine Mammals as a Function of Oceanographic Characteristics; Development of Predictive Tools for Assessing the Risks and the Impacts Due to Sound Emissions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada577137.

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Quinn, Ronald D. Habitat preference and distribution of mammals in California chaparral. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-rp-202.

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Rachel Schwarz, Rachel Schwarz. Where should I go? Habitat preference of a Mediterranean gecko. Experiment, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/7670.

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Aarts, Geert, Jenny Cremer, Roger Kirkwood, Jan Tjalling van der Wal, Jason Matthiopoulos, and Sophie Brasseur. Spatial distribution and habitat preference of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Dutch North Sea. Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/400306.

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Bryant, Rebecca. A Survey of Students from the National School on Neutron and X-ray Scattering: Communication Habits and Preferences. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1009485.

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Fan, Li, and Veronica Mendizabal Joffre. The Gender Dimension of Sustainable Consumption and Production: A Microsurvey-Based Analysis of Gender Differences in Awareness, Attitudes, and Behaviors in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200401-2.

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Using microsurveys conducted in the People’s Republic of China over the past 2 decades, this paper explores the individual preferences among men and women toward sustainable consumption and production—the concept of doing more with less and decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation. The study finds that women exhibit greener living and working habits than men. However, women—regardless of education, rural–urban setting, or age—are impacted by time poverty, low political participation, limited awareness, gender norms, and, for younger and older women, financial limitations. To encourage and increase women’s capacity in shaping environmental solutions, economic and political gender gaps must be addressed and awareness on the impact of consumption needs to be strengthened.
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Wilson, Michael R. Habitat Preference, Dispersal, and Population Trends of Three Species of Invasive Asian Carps in Tributaries of the La Grange Reach of the Illinois River. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada572121.

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Heinz, Kevin, Itamar Glazer, Moshe Coll, Amanda Chau, and Andrew Chow. Use of multiple biological control agents for control of western flower thrips. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613875.bard.

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The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious widespread pest of vegetable and ornamental crops worldwide. Chemical control for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on floriculture or vegetable crops can be difficult because this pest has developed resistance to many insecticides and also tends to hide within flowers, buds, and apical meristems. Predatory bugs, predatory mites, and entomopathogenic nematodes are commercially available in both the US and Israel for control of WFT. Predatory bugs, such as Orius species, can suppress high WFT densities but have limited ability to attack thrips within confined plant parts. Predatory mites can reach more confined habitats than predatory bugs, but kill primarily first-instar larvae of thrips. Entomopathogenic nematodes can directly kill or sterilize most thrips stages, but have limited mobility and are vulnerable to desiccation in certain parts of the crop canopy. However, simultaneous use of two or more agents may provide both effective and cost efficient control of WFT through complimentary predation and/or parasitism. The general goal of our project was to evaluate whether suppression of WFT could be enhanced by inundative or inoculative releases of Orius predators with either predatory mites or entomopathogenic nematodes. Whether pest suppression is best when single or multiple biological control agents are used, is an issue of importance to the practice of biological control. For our investigations in Texas, we used Orius insidiosus(Say), the predatory mite, Amblyseius degeneransBerlese, and the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot). In Israel, the research focused on Orius laevigatus (Fieber) and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema felpiae. Our specific objectives were to: (1) quantify the spatial distribution and population growth of WFT and WFT natural enemies on greenhouse roses (Texas) and peppers (Israel), (2) assess interspecific interactions among WFT natural enemies, (3) measure WFT population suppression resulting from single or multiple species releases. Revisions to our project after the first year were: (1) use of A. swirskiiin place of A. degeneransfor the majority of our predatory mite and Orius studies, (2) use of S. felpiaein place of Thripinema nicklewoodi for all of the nematode and Orius studies. We utilized laboratory experiments, greenhouse studies, field trials and mathematical modeling to achieve our objectives. In greenhouse trials, we found that concurrent releases of A.degeneranswith O. insidiosusdid not improve control of F. occidentalis on cut roses over releases of only O. insidiosus. Suppression of WFT by augmentative releases A. swirskiialone was superior to augmentative releases of O. insidiosusalone and similar to concurrent releases of both predator species on cut roses. In laboratory studies, we discovered that O. insidiosusis a generalist predator that ‘switches’ to the most abundant prey and will kill significant numbers of A. swirskiior A. degeneransif WFTbecome relatively less abundant. Our findings indicate that intraguild interactions between Orius and Amblyseius species could hinder suppression of thrips populations and combinations of these natural enemies may not enhance biological control on certain crops. Intraguild interactions between S. felpiaeand O. laevigatus were found to be more complex than those between O. insidiosusand predatory mites. In laboratory studies, we found that S. felpiaecould infect and kill either adult or immature O. laevigatus. Although adult O. laevigatus tended to avoid areas infested by S. felpiaein Petri dish arenas, they did not show preference between healthy WFT and WFT infected with S. felpiaein choice tests. In field cage trials, suppression of WFT on sweet-pepper was similar in treatments with only O. laevigatus or both O. laevigatus and S. felpiae. Distribution and numbers of O. laevigatus on pepper plants also did not differ between cages with or without S. felpiae. Low survivorship of S. felpiaeafter foliar applications to sweet-pepper may explain, in part, the absence of effects in the field trials. Finally, we were interested in how differential predation on different developmental stages of WFT (Orius feeding on WFT nymphs inhabiting foliage and flowers, nematodes that attack prepupae and pupae in the soil) affects community dynamics. To better understand these interactions, we constructed a model based on Lotka-Volterra predator-prey theory and our simulations showed that differential predation, where predators tend to concentrate on one WFT stage contribute to system stability and permanence while predators that tend to mix different WFT stages reduce system stability and permanence.
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