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Journal articles on the topic 'Habitual aspect'
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1
Tescari Neto, Aquiles. "Advps habituais e advps frequentativos: ambos aspectuais quantificadores; modalizadores, só os habituais." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 51, no. 2 (July 14, 2011): 253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v51i2.8637215.
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Comrie (1975) had already noticed that habitual and iterative/frequentative aspects used to be treated as instances of the same aspectual subtype by some papers available in general Linguistics literature. The author distinguishes such instances of the aspectual category by recognizing that habitual aspect expresses the occurrence of an event or state as characteristic of a period of time while iterative expresses the mere repetition of an event or state. Cinque (1999) takes the fact that the iterative aspect is under the scope of the habitual aspect to keep them in different functional projections in the split IP. In our paper, we take the inherently modal nature of habitual aspect (a possibility not available to the iteratives) to show that these instances of aspect must be treated as different manifestations of the aspect category, either on Semantics or on Syntactic grounds. In order to capture the modal nature of the habitual aspect adverbs, we base our analysis on Tescari Neto (2008)’s Tau Condition.
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Kim, Cheon-Hak. "On the habitual aspect in Korean." Korean Semantics 52 (June 30, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.19033/sks.2016.06.52.87.
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Binnick, Robert I. "The Markers of Habitual Aspect in English." Journal of English Linguistics 33, no. 4 (December 2005): 339–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424205286006.
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Kwak, Yu-Seok. "A Study on the Habitual Aspect in Korean." Korean Semantics 68 (June 30, 2020): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19033/sks.2020.6.68.107.
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Louwrens, L. J. "Northern Sotho consecutive and habitual: mood, tense or aspect?" South African Journal of African Languages 15, no. 4 (January 1995): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1995.10587074.
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Susylowati, Eka. "ASPEKTUALITAS DALAM NOVEL THE GREAT GATSBY OLEH F. SCOTT FITZGERALD." PRASASTI: Journal of Linguistics 4, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/prasasti.v4i1.28848.
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<p><em>This research aims to reveal the form and marker of aspectuality in The Great Gatsby novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The data in this study are written data in the form of words, clauses, and sentences in the novel The Great Gatsby. It was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald consists of three forms of aspectuality namely perfective / completed, progressive, and repetitive / habitual. The aspect that is often used is perfective / completed aspiration. Aspectuality markers used including perfective aspect characterized by past verb or had + past participle verb, while progressive aspect are marked to be + verb ing, and repetitive / habitual are marked with past verb or infinitive forms.</em></p>
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Roi, Ezra la. "Habitual auxiliaries in Ancient Greek." Indogermanische Forschungen 125, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 135–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2020-008.
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AbstractThis article discusses the grammaticalization of the habitual auxiliaries εἴωθα, φιλέω, ἐθέλω and νομίζω in Archaic and Classical Greek. I aim to (1) provide a more complete understanding of the Ancient Greek expressions of habituality; (2) distinguish clearly between habitual aspect and (possibly diachronically) related semantic categories such as iterativity and genericity; (3) demonstrate the usefulness of grammaticalization and collocation criteria to measure the relative degree of grammaticalization of the habitual auxiliaries. I argue that their degree of grammaticalization can be measured by whether they have developed past uses, undergone a diachronic collocation shift to inanimate subjects and, subsequently, stative infinitives, and whether they have acquired an anti-present implicature. Finally, I suggest that habitual ἐθέλω occurred already in Archaic Greek and was the source for the futurity use that it developed in Classical Greek.
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Liu, Yafei. "On the Meaning of ‘hui’ and the Mandarin Habitual Aspect." Korea Journal of Chinese Linguistics 70 (June 30, 2017): 159–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.38068/kjcl.70.7.
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Sawicki, Lea. "Preverbation and narrativity in Lithuanian. The distribution of finite simplex and compound verbs in narrative main clauses." Baltic Linguistics 1 (December 31, 2010): 167–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/bl.439.
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The article deals with the use of simplex and compound (prefixed) verbs in narrative text. Main clauses comprising finite verb forms in the past and in the past habitual tense are examined in an attempt to establish to what extent simplex and compound verbs exhibit aspect oppositions, and whether a correlation exists between the occurrence of simplex vs. compound verbs and distinct textual units. The investigation shows that although simple and compound verbs in Lithuanian are not in direct aspect opposition to each other, in the background text portions most of the verbs are prefixless past tense forms or habitual forms, whereas in the plot-advancing text portions, the vast majority of verbs are compound verbs in the simple past tense.
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Fischer, Henrike, Daniel Weber, and Ralph Beneke. "No Improvement in Sprint Performance With a Neuromuscular Fitted Dental Splint." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 3 (March 2017): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0037.
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Mouth guards protect against orofacial and dental injuries in sports. However, special fitted dental splints have been claimed to improve strength and speed and, therefore, to enhance athletic performance.Purpose:To test the effects of a neuromuscular fitted dental splint in comparison with a habitual verticalizing splint and a no-splint condition on cycling sprint performance in the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT).Methods:Twenty-three men (26.0 ± 2.0 y, 1.82 ± 0.06 m, 79.4 ± 7.7 kg) performed 3 WAnTs, 1 with the neuromuscular fitted splint, 1 with a habitual verticalized dental splint of the same height and material, and 1 under control conditions without any mouth guard, in randomized order separated by 1 wk.Results:No differences between any splint conditions were found in any aspect of WAnT performance (time to peak power, peak power, minimum power, power drop, and average power). Moderate to nearly perfect correlations between all splint conditions in all WAnT outcomes with coefficients of variation between 1.3% and 6.6% were found.Conclusions:Irrespective of habitual verticalization or myocentric positioning, dental splints have no effects on any aspect of WAnT performance. Results are comparable to those of test–retest experiments.
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Sidnell, Jack. "Habitual and imperfective in Guyanese Creole." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 17, no. 2 (October 3, 2002): 151–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.17.2.02sid.
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This paper describes variation in the grammar of aspect in Guyanese Creole. In particular, the various grammaticalized strategies for conveying ha-bituality, progressivity and imperfectivity are discussed. The paper contributes to an ongoing debate regarding the function of various preverbal markers and their interrelationships (see Bickerton, 1975; Edwards, 1984; Gibson, 1988; Ja-ganauth, 1994; Rickford, 1987; Winford, 1993a). Choice of preverbal marker is shown to be strongly conditioned by the stativity of the predicate (in the case of habituals). Drawing on the insights of Weinreich (1953), it is suggested that partial congruence between relatively independent grammatical systems encourages recurrent interlingual identifications.
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Adéwálé Adéoyè, Jèlílì. "Tense, Aspect and Negation (TAN) in Ìgáṣí." Linguistik Online 100, no. 7 (December 18, 2019): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.100.6011.
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Studies that are available on Ìgás̩í have only classified the speech form as one of the speech forms under the Ako̩ko̩id language cluster but none has examined tense, aspect and negation in the speech form. The present study provides a descriptive account of tense, aspect and negation in the speech form. It maintains that tense in Ìgáṣí polarises future and non-future. It establishes, among other things, that the speech form uses the pre-verbal particle á to mark its future tense and demonstrates that aspects in the speech form are divided into perfect and imperfect. The study also claims that Ìgáṣí has three basic negative morphemes which are kpa, sẹ and àgẹ̀ and shows that the future tense, perfect and habitual aspects have overt morphemes that reflect their presence in negative sentences. It is further claimed that àgẹ̀ which is divisible into nominal prefix (à) and negator (gè̩) functions as the lexical negator in the speech form. Data in this study were obtained from native speakers of Ìgás̩í through oral interviews and their responses were recorded. It is hoped that this study, throws more light on the relationship among the functional categories (tense, aspect and negation) in Ìgás̩í speech form and document its syntax for posterity as nothing has been in that category.
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Walker, James A. "Using the past to explain the present: Tense and temporal reference in Early African American English." Language Variation and Change 13, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394501131017.
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This study reconstructs the present temporal reference system of Early African American English by investigating the linguistic factors conditioning several variables within the domain of present temporal reference in three representative varieties. Previous studies have focused only on the opposition between Ø and -s in the present tense, ignoring other morphosyntactic constructions. Expanding the variable context to present temporal reference, I demonstrate that different constructions convey different aspects: the previously noted association between -s and habitual aspect is confirmed, but Ø is also associated with an aspectual distinction—that of duration. The progressive is used most often with nonstative verbs to denote durative aspect, whereas its much rarer use with statives appears to reflect an older stage in its “grammaticization.” Combining variationist analysis with the comparative method, this reconstruction provides linguistically meaningful explanations of the observed variability and places it within the context of the development of the English language.
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Walters, Glenn D. "The crimes of first-time offenders: same or different from the crimes of habitual criminals?" Journal of Criminal Psychology 10, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-09-2019-0042.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how first-time offenders and habitual criminals, while displaying wide differences in offense frequency, appear to follow a similar pattern in committing crime. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual approach is adopted in this paper. Findings It is argued that criminal thinking is the common denominator in both patterns, the difference being that habitual criminals have a higher resting level of proactive and reactive criminal thinking than first-time offenders. With an earlier age of onset, the habitual criminal may be more impulsive and reactive than first-time offenders, which partially explains why most low-rate offenders are not identified until adulthood. Practical implications Because actual and perceived deterrents to crime correlate weakly, if at all, it is recommended that perceived environmental events and criminal thinking be the primary targets of prevention and intervention programs. Social implications Environmental stimuli, such as events that produce general strain, increase opportunities for crime, reinforce criminal associations, irritate the individual and interfere with the deterrent effect of perceived certainty, can both augment and interact with criminal thinking to increase the likelihood of a criminal act in both first-time offenders and habitual criminals. Originality/value The unique aspect of this paper is that it illustrates that certain features of crime and criminality are found across offending levels, whereas other features are more specific to a particular level.
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Singh, A., Kundendu A. Bishen, M. Limaye, and K. Mishra. "Bilateral Plunging Ranula due to Habitual Etiology." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 11, no. 1 (January 2017): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10062-0005.
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ABSTRACT Plunging ranulas are pseudocysts in which mucous have extravasated either around or through the mylohyoid muscle to escape the confines of sublingual space to involve the submandibular and inferior aspect of parapharyngeal spaces. We describe a rare case of extensive bilateral plunging ranula in which involvement of multiple tissue spaces was well illustrated by magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical and histologic features and pathogenesis have been concisely discussed. The ranulas mostly occur unilaterally and to the best of our knowledge, the development of two discrete ranulas/bilateral presentations in the same patient is especially rare and very few cases have been reported until now. Although the cause of extravasations remains unclear, this case report is significant because of its characteristic possible habit-related etiology. How to cite this article Bishen KA, Singh A, Limaye M, Mishra K. Bilateral Plunging Ranula due to Habitual Etiology. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2017;11(1):19-22.
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Bochnak, M. Ryan, and Martina Martinović. "Modal height and modal flavor: the case of Wolof "di"." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 60 (January 1, 2018): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.60.2018.464.
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The Wolof imperfective auxiliary di is compatible with event-in-progress, habitualand future readings. Furthermore, while varieties of all these readings are available fordi when it sits in a syntactically low position, only future readings are available when it sitsin a syntactically high position. We aim to account for this puzzle by combining several ingredientsindependently motivated in the literature: (i) event-relative circumstantial modalityfor event-in-progress, habitual, and a subset of future readings; (ii) metaphyisical modality forgeneralized future readings; (iii) the idea that syntactic height determines the type of modalanchor that projects a modal base. This study contributes to our understanding of the relationbetween syntactic height and modal flavor, as well as the nature of modal-aspectual interactionscross-linguistically.Keywords: aspect, future, habitual, imperfective, modality, modal flavor, progressive.
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Garrett, Andrew. "On the origin of auxiliary do." English Language and Linguistics 2, no. 2 (November 1998): 283–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674300000897.
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Prevailing theories link the English periphrastic auxiliary verb do historically with Old and Middle English causative do. I argue that these and other accounts are inconsistent with modern dialect evidence and an analysis of the historical record suggested by that evidence. The primary source of periphrastic do was a habitual aspect marker which itself arose from the reinterpretation of bare object nominalizations as infinitive verbs.1
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LEONARD, LAURENCE B., PATRICIA DEEVY, CAROL A. MILLER, MONIQUE CHAREST, ROBERT KURTZ, and LEILA RAUF. "The use of grammatical morphemes reflecting aspect and modality by children with specific language impairment." Journal of Child Language 30, no. 4 (November 2003): 769–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000903005816.
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Children with specific language impairment (SLI) have well-documented problems in the use of tense-related grammatical morphemes. However, in English, tense often overlaps with aspect and modality. In this study, 15 children with SLI (mean age 5;2) and two groups of 15 typically developing children (mean ages 3;6 and 5;3) were compared in terms of their use of previously studied morphemes in contexts that more clearly assessed the role of aspect. The children's use of less frequently studied morphemes tied to modality or tense was also examined. The children with SLI were found to use -ing to mark progressive aspect in past as well as present contexts, even though they were relatively poor in using the tense morphemes (auxiliary was, were) that should accompany the progressive inflection. These children were inconsistent in their use of third person singular -s to describe habitual actions that were not occurring during the time of their utterance. However, the pattern of the children's use suggested that the source of the problem was the formal tense feature of the inflection, not the habitual action context. The children's use of modal can was comparable to that of the typically developing children, raising the possibility that the modality function of possibility had been learned without necessarily acquiring the tense feature of this morpheme. These children's proficiency with can suggests that their bare verb stem productions should probably not be re-interpreted as cases of missing modals. Together these findings suggest that the more serious tense-related problems seen in English-speaking children with SLI co-occur with a less impaired ability to express temporal relations through aspect and modality.
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Locher, Franziska Maria, Sarah Becker, and Maximilian Pfost. "The Relation Between Students’ Intrinsic Reading Motivation and Book Reading in Recreational and School Contexts." AERA Open 5, no. 2 (April 2019): 233285841985204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332858419852041.
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In comparison with younger children, older students tend to be less motivated to read. A literature class that fails to motivate students is one aspect that has often been discussed in this regard. Using data from 405 German ninth graders, we examined how students’ book reading is related to intrinsic situational and intrinsic habitual reading motivation in and out of school. The books that students reported to have read were characterized by LIX readability and text type. Our results first showed that recreational reading motivation exceeded school reading motivation. Second, the reading of classic literature was a negative predictor of intrinsic situational reading motivation. Third, in the school context, students who read more difficult books were less motivated to read them. Fourth, analyses showed that individual book-reading experiences were linked to intrinsic habitual reading motivation. We discuss practical implications for book reading in and out of the literature class.
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Bellicha, Alice, Muriel Coupaye, Héléna Mosbah, Maithé Tauber, Jean-Michel Oppert, and Christine Poitou. "Physical Activity in Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome—A Systematic Review of Observational and Interventional Studies." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 2528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112528.
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Physical activity (PA) is an important aspect of the management of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). However, the day-to-day implementation of PA programs is particularly challenging in these patients. This systematic review aimed (1) to describe habitual PA and sedentary behavior and (2) to assess the effects of PA interventions and to describe their implementation process, in children and adults with PWS. A systematic search of controlled trials, single-group interventions, observational, and qualitative studies published up to December 2020 was performed. Twenty-five studies were included. Habitual PA was found to be lower in patients with PWS compared to controls without obesity or with non-syndromic obesity. Habitual PA was positively associated with lean body mass and bone parameters in children with PWS, and these finding were strengthened by intervention studies reporting an increase in both outcomes after a PA program. PA programs also improved physical function (muscle strength, walking distance, and coordination), without significant effect on weight and fat mass. Attendance to exercise sessions was usually high and no serious adverse effect was reported. In conclusion, supervised PA programs are beneficial for children and adults with PWS. Support should be provided to families to facilitate their implementation in real-life settings.
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Daniels, Don. "The history of tense and aspect in the Sogeram family." Journal of Historical Linguistics 10, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 167–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.18012.dan.
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Abstract This paper presents an overview of the tens-aspect system in the Sogeram languages of Papua New Guinea. Taking the Proto-Sogeram reconstruction in Daniels (2015, 2020) as a starting point, I outline the innovations that have taken place in daughter languages and discuss the patterns of change that emerge. The study confirms a variety of known cross-linguistic tendencies, such as the common occurrence of the analytic-to-synthetic and aspect-to-tense pathways of change. More notable trends include the diachronic stability of the present and most remote past tenses; the instability of the middle pasts and future; the stability of the relative semantic ordering of tenses; the absence of a pathway leading from relative-tense to absolute-tense marking; and the ability of innovative tenses to be inserted anywhere into the five-way tense system of Proto-Sogeram. The study also illustrates how featural systems can interact over time, at first by introducing a new feature value in one system which can combine with values from another (as with the Manat habitual), and then, if the featural distinction is lost, creating a pattern of distributed exponence (as in Mum).
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Green, Lisa, and Thomas Roeper. "The Acquisition Path for Tense-Aspect: Remote Past and Habitual in Child African American English." Language Acquisition 14, no. 3 (August 17, 2007): 269–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10489220701471024.
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Wolffe, John. "Elite and Popular Religion in the Religious Census of 30 March 1851." Studies in Church History 42 (2006): 360–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400004071.
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In December 1853 Horace Mann, summing up his report on the census of religious worship conducted on 30 March 1851, offered some of the more famously sweeping generalizations in English religious and statistical history:Even in the least unfavorable aspect of the figures just presented, and assuming (as no doubt is right) that the 5,288,294 absent every Sunday are not always the same individuals, it must be apparent that a sadly formidable portion of the English people are habitual neglecters of the public ordinances of religion.
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Grima, Antoinette Camilleri, and Jacqueline Żammit. "acquisition of verbal tense and aspect in Maltese by adult migrants." Journal of Multilingual Theories and Practices 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jmtp.13426.
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This article considers the relevance of second language acquisition research for the development of pedagogical grammar. As an example it looks at the acquisition of verbal tense and aspect by intermediate-to-advanced level learners of Maltese, and more specifically the extent to which the perfett and imperfett verb forms are used by the learners when compared with L1 users of Maltese. Sixteen adult migrant learners, and 15 L1 Maltese users, took part in the study. All but one of the 16 migrant learners knew at least two other languages. Two of the participants had Arabic as their L1, and three others had learned Arabic as an L2, while the remaining learners spoke a variety of first languages. On a picture interpretation task, L1 speakers of Arabic performed very much like Maltese L1 speakers, predominantly using the perfett, perfective aspect in the past. All the other migrant learners, including those who had learned Arabic well as an L2, used the imperfett, imperfective/unrestricted habitual aspect. This evidence has important implications for the formulation of pedagogical grammar for foreign learners of Maltese. It also sheds light on the relevance of language typology in foreign language acquisition.
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Boneh, Nora, and Hagit Sofer. "The expression of habituality in Biblical Hebrew." Linguistics 59, no. 3 (April 19, 2021): 785–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2021-0060.
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Abstract The aim of the article is to expand the crosslinguistic scope of the study of the expression of habituality in language, and to provide further support for the claim that the expression of habituality is basically independent from that of tense and aspect, although it closely interacts with it. The argument for this independence is based on the following findings: First, habituality in Biblical Hebrew is not marked morphologically: any verbal form of the verb system can serve as a basis to express habituality irrespective of its aspectual and temporal qualities. In this respect, the periphrastic form hāyā qōṭēl receives special attention, since although it does not appear in episodic occurrences, it nevertheless patterns with non-recurring positional predicates (e.g., stand, live as in She used to live here), illustrating that it selects statives that can hold over prolonged periods of time, subsuming habituals, rather than being exclusively dedicated to the expression of habituality. Second, and most importantly, this pattern is diachronically stable. When observing Early and Late Biblical Hebrew, nothing alters in the way verbal forms pattern in clauses expressing habituality, even though the make-up of the verbal systems has changed over time. Additionally, the findings confirm the importance of paying attention to the availability of habitual interpretation with and without a modifying quantificational expression, by lending support to the correlation established between the bareness of habituals and their aspectual properties.
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Prihatin Nufus, Nira, Susi Fitri, and Murti Kusuma Wirasti. "Penggunaan Smartphone Bermasalah Pada Siswa SMA Serta Implikasinya Bagi Pelayanan Bimbingan dan Konseling di Sekolah." ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/enlighten.v3i2.1941.
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Excessive use of smartphones can lead to problematic smartphone use. Problematic smartphone use is a person's inability to regulate smartphone use, which results in many negative consequences in everyday life. This study aims to determine the problematic description of smartphone use in high school students in the Bogor area. This research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive methods. The sampling technique was using the purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used was the MPPUSA (Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale for Adolescent) adaptation instrument. Its aspects consist of tolerance, escape from problems, craving, withdrawal, negative consequences, and social motivation. The results of the instrument trial obtained a reliability coefficient of 0.877. The questionnaire was distributed online using the Google Forms application, with 188 respondents (45 male respondents and 143 female respondents). The scale used is the five-point Likert scale. The results showed that the category of problematic use was 8.50%, the users were at risk of 43.62%, habitual use was 40.96%, and occasional users were 6.91%. The highest percentage of problematic smartphone use aspects is the escape from problem aspect of 67.84% and the lowest is the withdrawal aspect of 43.09%. The implication of the results of this study can be used as a needs analysis in making guidance and counseling service programs in schools by guidance and counseling teachers.
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de Velasco, Francisco Diez. "Theoretical Reflections on Violence and Religion: Identity, Power, Privilege and Difference (With Reference to the Hispanic World)." Numen 52, no. 1 (2005): 87–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568527053083467.
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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to reflect, from a theoretical point of view, on the relationship between violence and religion. The historic examples, taken mainly from the Hispanic world, aim to show that even if violence is an habitual component in religions, it is not at all a necessary combination, either in regards to religion in general or to any religion in particular. For this purpose, four aspects will be brought up in which the binomial religion-violence is manifested in a more characteristic way. The first has to do with identity: religion as a sign of identity can allow for a systematic and religiously correct resource for violence. The second aspect deals with the relationship between power and religion, in particular in its relation to the religious legitimization of power and the violence that goes along with its practice. The third aspect refers to privilege, generator of violence in a number of orders (between humans and animals, men and women, powerful and subjected, center and periphery, religious leaders and their followers, etc.). The last aspect refers to difference and introduces a reflection on multireligiosity, a characteristic of our present world, and in which the combination of religion and violence, even though it endures, tends to be mitigated in view of a global frame of cohabitation which must become stronger from the search for a consensus, necessarily based on the renunciation of religiocentric and ethnocentric stances.
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Beltzer, Abraham I. "Engineering Analysis via Symbolic Computation — A Breakthrough." Applied Mechanics Reviews 43, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3119164.
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Since the early fifties, when the first codes for symbolic manipulations became available, their development and use have evolved into a scientific discipline. Besides the indisputable gain in efforts and higher reliability, the well-known methods of engineering analysis may acquire new dimensions, when performed via symbolic computation. There is a habitual aspect too. These days it may be more convenient for a researcher to work with a keyboard than with a pencil. The paper presents an overview of the main software available for symbolic computation and its applications to engineering analysis from the user’s viewpoint.
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Li, David C. S. "‘Perfective paradox’." Chinese Language and Discourse 2, no. 1 (May 27, 2011): 23–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.2.1.02li.
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The toneless aspect mark -guo is generally viewed as a perfective marker with experiential function. It appears to be subject to a number of semantic constraints, such as discontinuity, repeatability or recurrence, reversibility, and indefinite reference. This article demonstrates that ‘experiential’ is only one of the three main local functions of -guo. Crucial to the determination of the local function of a -guo clause is the boundedness of the verb constellation: ‘experiential’ (atelic situation, typically Activity verbs), ‘deresultative’ (telic situation, typically Accomplishment and Achievement verbs), and ‘ex-habitual’ (stative verbs). We will first elucidate these three local functions and clarify various semantic constraints of -guo before examining a small corpus of 300 -guo sentences to ascertain the distribution of its local functions in authentic texts. Then we will analyze how these functions are manifested in other languages. The evidence suggests that -guo is untypical as a perfective marker; rather, cross-linguistically the lexico-grammatical exponents of the experiential, deresultative, and ex-habitual functions suggest that -guo behaves more like a perfect marker, hence the ‘perfective paradox’. This paper is intended to be a contribution to general and contrastive aspectology.
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Huber, Christian. "Progressivity and habituality in Shumcho." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 72, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 83–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2019-0004.
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Abstract This article is concerned with some features of the tempo-aspectual system of Shumcho, a small West Himalayish (Tibeto-Burman) language spoken in a few villages in the district Kinnaur (State of Himachal Pradesh) in the Indian Himalayas, and provides a descriptive account of the language’s strategies to express progressive or habitual action and the effects of the respective markers with various types of predicates. I also consider the semantic (evidential) properties of the copulas and their interaction with the aspect/tense system, and offer some thoughts on the historical development of imperfective and perfective constructions as met in the present-day language.
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Giovagnoli, Raffaela, and Lorenzo Magnani. "Social Practices and Embubblement." Philosophies 6, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies6010013.
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The present contribution describes the nature of social practices based on habitual behavior. The first part concerns the notion of “habit” from a perspective that crosses philosophy and science. Habits structure our daily life and possess a social nature, as shown by informally shared habits and institutionalized rituals. After a brief reference to the philosophical debate, we point out the fundamental dimensions of habitual behavior, i.e., routine and goal-directed behavior. They also characterize shared social habits like rituals because we need to: (a) simply follow social institutional practices and (b) actively cooperate to reach a certain goal. Our descriptive strategy aims at promoting the aspect of “control” in habitual behavior, namely, the possibility of accepting or refusing to do something. This control does not work in many pathological cases and cases of auto-illusion. The second part of the article will illustrate the interesting but disregarded case of the epistemic and moral embubblement, explaining it as an individual cognitive process and as a specific social practice that once followed or institutionalized becomes a shared practice routinely performed. The main features of an epistemic bubble concern the widespread situation in which the cognitive agents always resolve the tension between their thinking that they know P and their knowing P in favor of knowing that P”. The related case of the moral bubble indicates the situation in which agents are potentially or actually violent and unaware of it. This cognitive process expresses how difficulties in recognizing one’s own violence leads to disregarding the possible or actual inflicted harm: in this case, a process of what can be called “autoimmunity” is at play. We will contend that the concept of moral bubble can provide an integrated and unified perspective able to interpret in a novel way many social practices in which morality and violence are intertwined.
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Rao, Sunnapu Uma Maheswara, Lakhineni Lakshmi Sailaja, Manchu Someswara Rao, and Sakura Ravindra Kishore. "Morphometric Study of Modifications over the Neck of Talus in Visakhapatnam Region of Andhra Pradesh State." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 33 (August 16, 2021): 3043–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/555.
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BACKGROUND Talus is a very important bone among the skeleton of foot. Talus is a very common bone which undergoes some structural modifications due to prolonged habitual squatting postures. Structural alterations like squatting facets, trochlear extensions are observed over the dorsal aspect of the neck of the talus common type of squatting facets observed are medial squatting facets, lateral squatting facets, combined type of squatting facets .These are observed in specific group of people. METHODS Present study was conducted in 100 talus bones, which are procured from department of Anatomy, Andhra medical college, Visakhapatnam. Structural modifications like squatting facets, trochlear extensions are studied in all the bones. RESULTS Squatting facets are observed in most of the talus .but trochlear extensions are not observed in any of the talus .out of 100 talus, 54 tali are having lateral squatting facet, 4tali are having a medial squatting facet, 16 tali showing combined type of squatting facet, 26 tali are not having any type of squatting facets. Out of 54 right sided taluses, 24 tali are having a lateral squatting facet, 3 tali are having medial squatting facet, 10 tali are having combined type of squatting facet, 17tali are not having any type of squatting facet. Out of 46 left sided taluses, 30tali are having lateral squatting facet, 1 talus is having a medial squatting facet, 6 tali are having combined type of squatting facets, 9tali are not having any type of squatting facet. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of modifications over the neck of talus is very common in people who are having a rural background, those people are having a habitual squatting position. And these alterations may be due to genetic inheritance and several unexplainable reasons. KEYWORDS Talus, Squatting Facet, Habitual Squatting Posture, Lateral Squatting Facet, Medial Squatting Facet
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Pittayaporn, Pittayawat, Jakrabhop Iamdanush, and Nida Jampathip. "Reconstruction of Proto-Tai negators." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.37.2.01pit.
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Based on comparative data from 64 modern Tai varieties, we propose that Proto-Tai had three distinct negators, namely *ɓawB, *mi and *pajB. These morphemes were distinguished from each other in terms of aspect. Moreover, we show that the Old Thai language represented by the literary classic Lilit Phra Lo, and the modern Tai dialect of Bao Yen are attestations of the reconstructed system. PT *ɓawB and *mi were probably used to negate stative verbs and dynamic verbs with volitional and habitual reading. In contrast, *pajB probably co-occurred with dynamic verbs as well as stative verbs interpreted as change of state. It is however unclear what the difference between *ɓawB and *mi was.
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Amol Madhav Deshpande and Mayuri Amol Deshpande. "Role of Rasayan Churna in outbreak of Covid -19 as preventive and curative aspect." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (November 17, 2020): 1208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3594.
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In last two decade world suffer with three epidemic diseases like SARS-CoV, H1N1 influenza, MERS –CoV and presently the world under a pandemic of Covid-19, out of these SARS-CoV, MERS –CoV and Covid-19 are form the same virus call as corona, which primary present on bats and transferred from animal to human, and then it transfer from human to human mostly by respiratory droplets or in the direct contact with the diseased person, these recurrent infection of corona virus is the burning issue in the word, so to avoid these recurrent infections good habitual behaviour with regular immune booster medicine should be taken which can be used in both normal and symptomatic patient for this Rasayan churna is the best drug of choice as it is used for rejuvenation therapy. From literally study from various recourses it is found that Rasayan churna have property anti-depressant, anti-xylotic, Immunomodulatory, Anti-diabetes, anti hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, Anti-toxic effects, Anti-arthritic, Anti-cancer effects, Anti-microbial effect, and Anti-oxidant which can be useful in preventive aspect of Covid -19 in all phase like normal individual, also can be used in asymptomatic patients and symptomatic patients, clinical study can be performed for the same to evaluate the result.
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FLECKEN, MONIQUE, JOHANNES GERWIEN, MARY CARROLL, and CHRISTIANE VON STUTTERHEIM. "Analyzing gaze allocation during language planning: a cross-linguistic study on dynamic events1." Language and Cognition 7, no. 1 (June 6, 2014): 138–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2014.20.
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abstractStudies on gaze allocation during sentence production have recently begun to implement cross-linguistic analyses in the investigation of visual and linguistic processing. The underlying assumption is that the aspects of a scene that attract attention prior to articulation are, in part, linked to the specific linguistic system and means used for expression. The present study concerns naturalistic, dynamic scenes (video clips) showing causative events (agent acting on an object) and exploits grammatical differences in the domain of verbal aspect, and the way in which the status of an event (a specific vs. habitual instance of an event) is encoded in English and German. Fixations in agent and action areas of interest were timelocked to utterance onset, and we focused on the pre-articulatory time span to shed light on sentence planning processes, involving message generation and scene conceptualization. Findings are threefold: (i) English speakers mark the status of an event as specific in relation to the action, with progressive aspect marking on the verb in each utterance. German speakers do so by elaborating specific characteristics of the agent; (ii) participants display significantly different gaze allocation patterns to agent and action regions although the sentences produced in both languages follow the same subject−verb word order; and (iii) the analysis of gaze patterns during sentence production given dynamic scenes provide complementary results from a more naturalistic paradigm, to those obtained in studies with still images.
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Laili, Nurul. "ASPEK PSIKOLOGI PEMBELAJARAN DARING MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DENGAN CAPAIAN INDEKS PRESTASI KUMULATIF MAHASISWA VOKASI." Jurnal Ilmiah Pamenang 2, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53599/jip.v2i2.67.
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Abstract
Background: Changes that occur in the learning process due to a pandemic have an impact on the psychological aspects of students. Factors that influence the psychological aspects of learning are intelligence, learning environment and learning methods. Online learning methods require adaptation to habitual patterns and use of technology. Independent learning, indirect learning, and multiple assignments, have a psychological effect on a variety of physical and mental complaints. Evaluation of online learning through understanding (cognitive) and affective results with reference to the cumulative grade point average obtained by students during online learning.
Method: The research design used cross-sectional. The population in this study were all D3 Nursing students of STIKES Karya Husada Semester 2. Data collection techniques were Total Sampling. The independent variable is the psychological aspect of vocational students facing online learning and the dependent variable is the achievement of the student's Grade Point Average. Measurement of psychological aspects using a scale instrument of psychological aspects of resilience. The type of test used is the Chi Square test with p value <0.005.
Results: Most of the respondents had a positive psychological aspect when learning online and had a very satisfying GPA. The result of the value correlation test shows a significance of 0.000, so there is a relationship between psychological aspects and the achievement of the student's grade point average.Analysis: Learning conditions that have implications for individual responses show that education as an institution is able to prepare students for online learning well. Conditions that can support the learning process, facilitators, academic tools and learning methods are quite varied, increasing the ability of students to follow each learning process. The competency target that is sought is still optimal, although not ideal, it will greatly help students achieve good learning outcomes.Conclusion: Achievement of learning outcomes can be influenced by interest, motivation, cognitive abilities, ability to share time, relationships with family, lecturers' explanations and living conditions, social conditions and individual abilities to adapt to learning conditions.
Keywords: Psychological aspects, Grade Point Average, Online learning
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Baker, Mark, and Lisa Demena Travis. "Events, Times, and Mohawk Verbal Inflection." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 43, no. 2 (June 1998): 149–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100020491.
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AbstractThe Mohawk tense-mood-aspect system has many “irregularities” that seem to require a powerful morphological component distinct from syntax. Nevertheless, it is shown that most of these “irregularities” can be explained in syntactic and semantic terms, once the right lexical entries are given. This result is achieved by making two assumptions of general interest: (1) mood is analyzed as the verbal equivalent of specifity in the NP system, and (2) habitual and stative verbs are shown to have time arguments, whereas ordinary eventive verbs have only event arguments. Given this, morpheme positions, cooccurrence restrictions, and the lack of recursion in the inflectional system can be derived from ordinary principles of composition, head movement, and a simple form of blocking. Only the selection of allomorphs is left to a post-syntactic morphology.
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Bartels, Koen PR. "Collaborative dynamics in street level work: Working in and with communities to improve relationships and reduce deprivation." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, no. 7 (January 23, 2018): 1319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418754387.
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Joint service delivery is a well-established aspect of urban governance but does not necessarily improve interagency collaboration or reduce socio-spatial deprivation. What happens in interactions between street level workers has a large influence on collaborative processes and outcomes but is remarkably underexplored. This article develops an understanding of the nature and impact of the relational practices enacted in street level collaboration. I argue that community-centred working can foster effective and authentic collaborative processes and, as a result, generate better societal outcomes. Based on a participatory evaluation conducted in Amsterdam, I critically appraise how working in and with communities moved collaborative dynamics in street level work away from habitual routines and power relations that sustained exclusion and inequality of local disadvantaged youngsters towards better internal relationships and less socio-spatial deprivation.
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Edmund, David C., and Elliott C. Keller. "Guiding Principles for Improvisation in the General Music Classroom." General Music Today 33, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048371319885361.
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Improvisation is a fundamental aspect of musicianship and an important pursuit in music education. Children in music classes throughout the world are engaged with improvisation in a variety of modes and settings. Whether singing, physically moving, or playing an instrument, the act of improvising in front of others may raise one’s self-consciousness, potentially leading to feelings of fear and anxiety. We wish to share guiding principles for improvisation to alleviate many of the associated fears. The establishment of a classroom improvisation culture may breed willful participation and acceptance. When willful participation and acceptance become habitual, the goal of establishing a safe space for students to explore their musical creativity is more readily achieved. A manifestation of the guiding principles is shared in the form of two model improvisation experiences for the general music classroom.
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Winford, Donald. "Back to the past: The BEV/creole connection revisited." Language Variation and Change 4, no. 3 (October 1992): 311–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000831.
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ABSTRACTThis article compares the marking of past temporal reference in Black English Vernacular (BEV) and Trinidadian English (TE), with particular attention to the alternation of Ø and {ed}. The comparison reveals similarities in the patterns of variation according to verb type and phonological conditioning which suggest that past marking in contemporary BEV preserves traces of an earlier process of shift from a creole pattern to one approximating the Standard English pattern. Further examination of the TE data reveals that the use of {ed} is highly constrained in cases where habitual or characteristic past meaning is conveyed; in such cases, the use of Ø is near categorical. These findings may have implications for BEV which future research can clarify. The article also considers the case of stressed remote BIN in BEV and argues that it may have arisen as the result of reanalysis of an earlier creole anterior bin under the influence of unstressed (continuative perfect) bin, derived from English have + been. This provides further support for the view that, though early BEV may not have been a fully fledged creole, it arose through a process of restructuring in which a creole substrate played a significant role. Finally, the article notes that past marking is only one aspect of the overall organization of the BEV tense/mood/aspect system, which shares other features in common with creole varieties, including resultative done and combinatory possibilities among auxiliaries. Future research on these aspects of the BEV verb complex can shed more light on the BEV/creole connection.
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Mandasari, Liannisa, M. R. Nababan, and Djatmika Djatmika. "The Acceptability of Predicting Utterances in Deception Point Novel." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i2.649.
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The purpose of this study is to find the type of predicting and the quality of translation on the acceptability aspect. This research can be classified as a descriptive qualitative research with an embeded study and translation of product-oriented. The source of the data in this study is novel in English, entitled Deception Point and its translation in Bahasa. The data were collected through document analysis, questionnaire and focus group discussion. The data was sentence that contains predicting utterances. From the data collected in the novel Deception Point, there were 87 data. Type of predictive modality with acceptable were 97.06% (81 data) and less acceptable translation were 2.94% (6 data). Then, on the type of hypothetical prediction were 66.67% with acceptable translation and 33.33% with less acceptable, then 100% were type of habitual prediction with an acceptable translation.
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Humm, Christian, Philipp Schrögel, and Annette Leßmöllmann. "Feeling Left Out: Underserved Audiences in Science Communication." Media and Communication 8, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i1.2480.
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Science communication only reaches certain segments of society. Various underserved audiences are detached from it and feel left out, which is a challenge for democratic societies that build on informed participation in deliberative processes. While only recently researchers and practitioners have addressed the question on the detailed composition of the not reached groups, even less is known about the emotional impact on underserved audiences: feelings and emotions can play an important role in how science communication is received, and “feeling left out” can be an important aspect of exclusion. In this exploratory study, we provide insights from interviews and focus groups with three different underserved audiences in Germany. We found that on the one hand, material exclusion factors such as available infrastructure or financial means as well as specifically attributable factors such as language skills, are influencing the audience composition of science communication. On the other hand, emotional exclusion factors such as fear, habitual distance, and self- as well as outside-perception also play an important role. Therefore, simply addressing material aspects can only be part of establishing more inclusive science communication practices. Rather, being aware of emotions and feelings can serve as a point of leverage for science communication in reaching out to underserved audiences.
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Micucci, Mantecchini, and Sangermano. "Analysis of the Relationship between Turning Signal Detection and Motorcycle Driver’s Characteristics on Urban Roads; A Case Study." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081802.
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The investigations on the effectiveness of the turn signal in motorcyclists understanding of motorists’ potential intentions in potentially dangerous car–motorcycle interactions and on the relationships among some variables that could influence the perception of rear and front turn signal status are examined in this paper. The investigations have been based on data pooled from the answers of a survey of 136 motorcycle riders, with special regards to the correct detection of turning indicators. Experimental videos have been realized during in-situ simulations, both in urban and suburban areas, recording vehicular interactions in three-leg road intersections, able to potentially generate crash risks, through a 360-camera mounted on a motorcyclist’s helmet. The blinkers detection rate has been combined with other factors related to motorcyclist’s characteristics and test context (e.g., age, gender, location of the test site, presence of a car behind tester vehicles and if the motorcyclist are also habitual car or bicycle drivers) in a stepwise logistic regression that modelled the odds of detecting the turn signal turned on as a function of significant factors. Within the limits of the proposed methodology, the results highlight the low percentage of correct sighting of the turn indicators and confirm the existence of a relation between the detection of the turn indicators aspect and some of the variables considered (e.g., age, being habitual cyclist or car driver and the presence of a car occluding the views), suggesting the opportunity to further investigate the phenomenon through the use of ad-hoc simulations, in order to highlight connections among the factors that can influence the perception of turning indicators in potentially dangerous contexts for cars and motorcycles.
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Jarad, Najib Ismail. "THE EVOLUTION OF THE B-FUTURE MARKER IN SYRIAN ARABIC." Lingua Posnaniensis 55, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2013-0005.
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Abstract The formation of future markers from distinct lexical sources or from similar sources under specific circumstances follows universal pathways. It is standardly agreed that grammaticalization is a process which encompasses a range of changes which involve desemanticization (loss of meaning), decategorialization (loss of categorical features), generalization (use extended to new contexts), and phonetic reduction. The paper assumes that the b-prefix derives from two distinct lexical sources: volitional (encoding future) and prepositional (encoding indicative mood, progressive, and habitual aspect), and that the morphological overlap of these two prefixes is a mere coincidence. The paper will concentrate on the development of the future marker (b-prefix) from a verbal noun of volition in Syrian Arabic. The main goal is to explicate the nature of the grammaticalization paths of the b-future in Syrian Arabic based on synchronic data. The paper posits that the verbal noun of volition has undergone semantic, structural, and phonological changes.
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Manalu, Nadra Akbar, Fentisari Desti Sucipto, Tria Ocktarizka, and Sartika Br Sembiring. "Pengembangan Karakter Warga Binaan melalui Tari Rapa’i Geleng di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kota Jantho Aceh Besar." Gondang: Jurnal Seni dan Budaya 4, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gondang.v4i1.15437.
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Dance performance plays an important role in daily life. It is not only showed on the stage but also becomes religious ceremony, therapy media, habitual fellowship, catharsis, and character development. Character development is formed by education to someone. Character education will inherent a human that has a superior character not only from cognitive aspect but also a good character in this disruption era. Rapa’i Geleng is one of traditional dance from Aceh which can be used as a development character media in Kota Jantho’s correctional institution. The purpose of this research is to develop a character for inmates through Rapa’i Geleng Dance. The method used qualitative through phsycological, religion, and pedagogic approach. Based on the result, there are significant increment in behavior of inmates through arts (Rapa’i Geleng Dance). The increment of behavior is going on the same direction as method of approach that used in this study; Physicological, Religion, and Pedagogic.
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Shah, Anwar, Karim Khan, and Muhammad Zubair. "Moral Hazard, Monitoring and Punishment: Evidence from a Field Experiment." Pakistan Development Review 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v58i2pp.109-134.
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The existing literature establishes that there exists inefficiency in energy consumption in Pakistan. In particular, with regard to electricity consumption, the problem of moral hazard is prevalent in the public sector. In this study, we observe this aspect by focusing on the behaviour of consumers once they are held liable to monitoring with the associated punishment mechanism. By providing evidence from a field experiment, we make three conclusions. First, individuals respond to both the monetary and non-monetary punishments. Alternatively, with the introduction of punishments, they reduce moral hazard with respect to electricity consumption. Second, the habitual violators of rules reform their behaviour after they are made accountable for their actions. Third, if appropriate monitoring systems along with the associated punishment mechanism are introduced, we can have beneficial effects in terms of resolving the energy crisis on the aggregate level. JEL Classification: H83, D12, D00, D03, D04 Keywords: Moral Hazard, Monitoring, Punishment, Electricity Consumption, Public Sector
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Domínguez, Laura, María J. Arche, and Florence Myles. "Spanish Imperfect revisited: Exploring L1 influence in the reassembly of imperfective features onto new L2 forms." Second Language Research 33, no. 4 (April 11, 2017): 431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658317701991.
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This study investigates the acquisition of the Spanish Imperfect by 60 English learners of Spanish at three different proficiency levels (beginner, intermediate and advanced). Two oral production tasks and one interpretation task show that although the Imperfect is used from early on, the full array of interpretations associated with this form (habitual, continuous and progressive) is not completely acquired even at advanced levels. Learners accept the Imperfect in imperfective contexts but have problems rejecting the Preterit. This problem persists even at advanced levels in continuous contexts. The continuous is conveyed in English by Past Tense, which is used in both perfective and imperfective contexts, whereas in Spanish only the Imperfect is appropriate. We argue that the incorrect low rejection of the Preterit signals a mapping problem of aspect-related features present in both English and Spanish onto a new form (the Imperfect). These results support the problematic nature of feature reassembly in the acquisition of the Spanish Imperfect by English speakers.
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Rosés Labrada, Jorge Emilio. "The Piaroa subject marking system and its diachrony." Journal of Historical Linguistics 8, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 31–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.16023.ros.
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Abstract Piaroa, a member of the Sáliban language family, is spoken on both sides of the Colombian-Venezuelan border. Based on unpublished fieldwork data for Mako and Piaroa and published Piaroa and Sáliba data, this article focuses on the Piaroa subject marking system and its origins. I show that the subject prefixes and inner suffixes used in future tense were inherited from Proto-Sáliban and must therefore have preceded the rise of the right-margin subject markers ‑sæ, -hæ and ‑Ø. Based on comparative Mako data, I propose that these markers are old copular suffixes that entered the verbal domain through a nominal predication construction whose use expanded to encode habitual aspect. This research not only constitutes an important contribution to the description of Piaroa but also expands, within a Diachronic Construction Grammar approach, our understanding of complex systems of person marking, the origins of multiple exponence, and the role of multiple source constructions in paradigm creation.
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Wiemer, Björn. "On the relation between present and future tense in Lithuanian: Preliminary considerations in the domain of non-deictic tense use." Vilnius University Open Series 16 (July 26, 2021): 387–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/sbol.2021.22.
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The article examines non-deictic uses of present and future tense in Lithuanian. Narrative use, in which reference intervals match with singular events, is distinguished from suspended propositions characterized by lack of such reference intervals (habitual, dispositional and circumstantial modal, and conditional meanings). Present tense is frequently involved in both usage domains, while the future is rare in narrative use, but overlaps with present tense in certain types of suspended propositions. Moreover, its temporal-deictic use is inherently associated with suspended propositions and “linked” to them via epistemic implicatures. This, in contrast to the present, makes the future more likely to be employed in predictions which entail an observer.The analysis is supplemented by a brief comparison with non-deictic tense use in the nonpast-domain of Slavic languages, yielding a grid of criteria that should be used in crosslinguistic studies on tense-aspect systems based on stem derivation and the feature [±bounded].
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Limarova, E. V., and E. E. Sokolova. "SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS OF VERBAL ASPECTUALITY IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN DISCOURSES." Philology at MGIMO 19, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2019-3-19-59-64.
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The relevance of the proposed article stems from the scientific interest in investigation of different means of conceptual organization of knowledge in the process of production and interpretation of English and Russian utterances. Thus, it aims at establishing the role of aspect in English and Russian discourse through interpreting aspectual situations which are analyzed at the level of sentences and textual fragments borrowed from two translation versions of M. Mitchell’ s novel “Gone with the Wind”.The theoretical framework for the research is provided by Relevance theory as developed in recent works on procedural meaning to handle H. Reichenbach’s symbolic logic for tense and aspect and Relevance theory proposed by D. Sperber and D. Wilson. We suggest that the following means are involved in expressing the type of action: a combination of lexical and grammatical properties of the verb; grammatical forms of the verb; meanings of time adverbs. These means are capable of characterizing R, a conceptual notion, which can be inferred by contextual assumptions.Systematization of referential relations among the above mentioned components taking into account the influence of pragmatic interpretive component and contextual analysis of informational organization of discourse proves the hypothesis that referential characteristics being combined contribute to the description of a discourse situation as stative, habitual, inchoative or punctual.The article will be interesting for researchers in contrastive and cognitive linguistics.