Academic literature on the topic 'Habitual founder'
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Journal articles on the topic "Habitual founder"
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Lee (李健友), Kean Yew. "Still a Chinese Family Business?" Journal of Chinese Overseas 17, no. 2 (2021): 399–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341450.
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Abstract Success in Chinese family business (CFB) does not automatically transfer from founder to the next generation. CFB in the first generation is situational and dependent on the previous history of the tacit knowledge required to sustain the business. CFB is known for its association with family alliances, habitual ownership practices and embedded networks. Consequently, a firm that has enjoyed success under its founder may not survive into the next generation. In this study, I identified exceptional CFB cases wherein firms successfully codified the tacit knowledge during the “generational change” phase. The findings shed some light on how CFB s in the Malaysian food industry evolved by innovating their products to fit a larger market. My contributions are as follow. First, this study qualitatively demonstrates an “edge” case not seen in the family business literature by leveraging on a uniquely diverse institutional environment (i.e. Malaysia). Specifically, this study suggests that CFB s evolved and emerged as globally competitive firms by codifying tacit knowledge. Second, I demonstrate that this process of transformative learning is central to innovation and competition within the context of succession planning for family business in general, not just CFB s.
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Kuckertz, Andreas. "Standing up against crisis-induced entrepreneurial uncertainty: Fewer teams, more habitual entrepreneurs." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 39, no. 3 (2021): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242621997782.
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The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus–2) has led to drastic infection control measures that have dramatically affected societies and economies worldwide. Against this background, it is the purpose of this commentary to illustrate how innovative entrepreneurial activity in particular has been affected by the rising uncertainty caused by the first COVID-19 wave. By comparing innovative North American and European startups established pre-crisis and during the first wave of the pandemic, this commentary suggests that startups founded in the crisis are characterised less by entrepreneurial teams and more by habitual entrepreneurs. Interestingly, female entrepreneurial activity seems not to have been affected by the crisis when measured as the proportion of women founders involved in innovative startups pre-crisis and during crisis. The commentary thus, illustrates what particular type of entrepreneur persists during rising uncertainty and allows us to draw conclusions for policy-making and further research on the interface of entrepreneurship, crisis and uncertainty.
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Rosa, Peter. "Entrepreneurial Processes of Business Cluster Formation and Growth by ‘Habitual’ Entrepreneurs." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 22, no. 4 (1998): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879802200403.
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Previous studies on habitual entrepreneurs have not researched in any depth the processes and strategies associated with the growth of business clusters by habitual entrepreneurs. To gain insights into these issues, case studies were conducted with habitual entrepreneurs who owned high-growth businesses in Scotland. The research involved the analysis of life histories and business genealogies. A diversity was found in the backgrounds of the entrepreneurs studied, in the types of ventures founded, and in strategies adopted to build up their cluster of companies. Entrepreneurial motives, strategies, and practices by habitual entrepreneurs in building their business ownership clusters not only can differ markedly from one entrepreneur or type of entrepreneur to another, but also by individual entrepreneurs over time. Despite this diversity, little evidence emerged that the growth of business ownership clusters was motivated by orthodox corporate management principles, though corporate management practices were employed in some cases to subsequently assimilate the new venture into a cluster. On balance, entrepreneurial opportunism was more prevalent than planned “survivalist” diversification. Further, the concept of “entrepreneurial” performance is introduced to distinguish performance through creating a cluster of ventures rather than through growing a single one.
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Hui, Nga-Yan, Manson Cheuk-Man Fong, and William Shiyuan Wang. "Bilingual Prefabs: No Switching Cost Was Found in Cantonese–English Habitual Code-Switching in Hong Kong." Languages 7, no. 3 (2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030198.
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Previous studies on the comprehension of code-switched sentences often neglected the code-switching habit of the specific community, so that the processing difficulty might not have resulted from the change in language but from unnatural switching. This study explores the processing cost of habitual and nonhabitual code-switching. Thirty-one young adults participated in the sentence-reading task with their eye movement tracked. A two-by-two factorial design was used, with Habit (habitual/nonhabitual) and Language (unilingual/code-switched) as the factors. The main effect of Language was observed only in First Fixation Duration, suggesting that the language membership was already identified in an early processing stage. However, for habitual switches, no switching cost in overall processing effort was found, as reflected by Total Fixation Duration and Visit Counts. Our results indicate that the cognitive load was only larger when the switch occurred nonhabitually, regardless of the language membership. In light of this finding, we propose that habitual code-switching might promote the formation of bilingual collocations, or prefabs, which are then integrated into the mental lexicon of the dominant language. Despite a conscious language tag of a foreign origin, these bilingual prefabs are not processed as a language switch in the lexicon.
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Hart, W. D. "On Non-Well Founded Sets." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 24, no. 72 (1992): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.1992.849.
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En The Liar, Barwise y Etchemendy proponen una construcción de las proposiciones de acuerdo con la cual la proposición expresada por una oración de la forma sujeto-predicado es el par ordenado cuyo primer miembro es la denotaci6n del sujeto y cuyo segundo miembro es la extensión del predicado. Aplicado a oraciones autorreferenciales como "la proposición expresada por esta oración es falsa", esto conduce a un par ordenado que es a la vez el primer miembro de dicho par. Dada la explicación habitual de los pares ordenados, esto conduce a un conjunto que es miembro de sí mismo, Tales conjuntos no son aceptados por las teorías corrientes, inspiradas en el enfoque iterativo de los conjuntos, que el autor describe sintéticamente. Pero hay un enfoque alternativo que sí acepta la existencia de conjuntos como el antes mencionado. El autor sintetiza las ideas fundamentales de esta teoría alternativa, expuesta en Non-Well Founded Sets, de Aczel. Se muestra luego que la mera extensionalidad no basta para fijar la identidad de los conjuntos no-bien-fundados y que además existe una amplia variedad de alternativas para completar un criterio de identidad. Se argumenta que no hay razones firmes para preferir una de estas alternativas. Una comparaci6n con las proposiciones muestra algo similar y el autor finaliza sugiriendo que las proposiciones y los conjuntos no-bien-fundados adolecen de oscuridades paralelas. [Raúl Orayen]
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Nielsen, Henrik Smed. "The Computer Game as a Somatic Experience." Eludamos: Journal for Computer Game Culture 4, no. 1 (2010): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/23.6112.
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This article describes the experience of playing computer games. With a media archaeological outset the relation between human and machine is emphasised as the key to understand the experience. This relation is further explored by drawing on a phenomenological philosophy of technology which sketches the relation as founded on the player´s embodiment in-the-world. Through the framework of somaesthetics, three different, yet intertwined, embodied relations are outlined as facilitating somatic experiences revolving around the experiential, the representational, and the performative which displace the player´s habitual engagement with the world.
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Nykänen, Milaja, Kristin Kaschner, Willy Dabin, et al. "Postglacial Colonization of Northern Coastal Habitat by Bottlenose Dolphins: A Marine Leading-Edge Expansion?" Journal of Heredity 110, no. 6 (2019): 662–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esz039.
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Abstract Oscillations in the Earth’s temperature and the subsequent retreating and advancing of ice-sheets around the polar regions are thought to have played an important role in shaping the distribution and genetic structuring of contemporary high-latitude populations. After the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), retreating of the ice-sheets would have enabled early colonizers to rapidly occupy suitable niches to the exclusion of other conspecifics, thereby reducing genetic diversity at the leading-edge. Bottlenose dolphins (genus Tursiops) form distinct coastal and pelagic ecotypes, with finer-scale genetic structuring observed within each ecotype. We reconstruct the postglacial colonization of the Northeast Atlantic (NEA) by bottlenose dolphins using habitat modeling and phylogenetics. The AquaMaps model hindcasted suitable habitat for the LGM in the Atlantic lower latitude waters and parts of the Mediterranean Sea. The time-calibrated phylogeny, constructed with 86 complete mitochondrial genomes including 30 generated for this study and created using a multispecies coalescent model, suggests that the expansion to the available coastal habitat in the NEA happened via founder events starting ~15 000 years ago (95% highest posterior density interval: 4 900–26 400). The founders of the 2 distinct coastal NEA populations comprised as few as 2 maternal lineages that originated from the pelagic population. The low effective population size and genetic diversity estimated for the shared ancestral coastal population subsequent to divergence from the pelagic source population are consistent with leading-edge expansion. These findings highlight the legacy of the Late Pleistocene glacial cycles on the genetic structuring and diversity of contemporary populations.
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Wiklund, Johan, and Dean A. Shepherd. "Portfolio Entrepreneurship: Habitual and Novice Founders, New Entry, and Mode of Organizing." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 32, no. 4 (2008): 701–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00249.x.
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Zagorski, Nick. "Cannabinoid Receptor Found to Help Suppress Habitual Behavior." Psychiatric News 51, no. 14 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2016.7b25.
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Biresev, Ana. "The politics of habitus as a sociologically founded utopia." Sociologija 56, no. 1 (2014): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1401041b.
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The politics of habitus is usually associated with Bourdieu?s ?sociologically political? studies, mainly developed in the 1970s as a framework through which this French sociologist analyzed political opinions of French citizens, by underlining social conditions that generate certain political dispositions, and consequently attitudes towards politics, political preferences, and political practices. These studies made us aware that political action should be mindful not only of institutions, but of dispositions as well. This paper aims to portray different aspects of the politics of habitus, by linking it to research which originally generated the concept, but also by tracing its further development exemplified by some of the following concepts: the necessity of universalizing economic and social conditions of the access to the universal, the idea about the sociologically founded utopia, the demand for the establishment of a ?real state? - all to be found in later Bourdieu?s work. This paper analyzes politics of habitus from the social emancipatory perspective and raises questions about the role science can and should have in realising such a project. First part of the paper examines Bourdieu?s class analysis and its potentials in providing realistic knowledge about the social world, and the second part explores concrete steps that politics based on such knowledge could take.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Habitual founder"
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SANGUINETI, Francesca. "Uscita imprenditoriale: Panoramica, Determinanti, e Fondatori abituali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/185934.
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The growing literature dedicated to entrepreneurship has recently highlighted the importance of considering the founded firms’ exit not as an ending, negative stage in an entrepreneur’s work-life experience. Instead, the decision to leave one’s venture is a strategic choice undertaken for the firm’s sake or as a founding entrepreneur’s lifestyle choice and leading to various after-exit paths.
The thesis contributes to the stream of literature dedicated to the entrepreneurial exit and habitual entrepreneurship fields by (i) exploring the antecedents of the cross-road choice that founding entrepreneurs take right-after an acquisition occurs using a prospect theory approach and by (ii) investigating the characteristics that differentiate habitual founders from lifestyle entrepreneurs, borrowing from human capital theory and building on recent work in the field. From a methodological viewpoint, the thesis’ main contributions include (i) the use of a large dataset of 14,881 founders, created on the bases of the Crunchbase database (data.crunchbase.com), (ii) the focus on the very-after acquisition step taken by the founding entrepreneur and investigated in North America, Europe, and Asia, and (iii) the introduction of a relatively new unit of analysis -- habitual founders -- when discussing the characteristics of habitual entrepreneurship.
After introducing the thesis’ main concepts in Chapter 1, the various contributions are developed in the three following chapters. Chapter 2 offers a descriptive study of the current literature in the entrepreneurial exit field, with particular attention given to the individual voluntary choice of exiting the founded firm. Chapter 3 extends the previous study by focusing on the antecedents of the founder’s intention to leave or remain within the firm right after encountering its acquisition from external actors and investigating whether results hold across world regions. Chapter 4 centers the study on the differences leading entrepreneurs toward a lifestyle versus a multiple-ventures creation entrepreneurial approach. The Appendix offers a step-by-step explanation of the procedures undertaken to create the database; it is thought to be used by other researchers as a guideline toward the creation of a similar database.
Books on the topic "Habitual founder"
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Youngs, Bettie B. The house that love built: The story of Millard and Linda Fuller, founders of Habitat for Humanity and the Fuller Center for Housing. Hampton Roads Pub. Co., 2007.
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Youngs, Bettie B. Story of Millard and Linda Fuller, Founders of Habitat for Humanity and the Fuller Center for Housing. Youngs Books, Bettie, 2013.
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Youngs, Bettie B. Story of Millard and Linda Fuller, Founders of Habitat for Humanity and the Fuller Center for Housing. ReadHowYouWant.com, Limited, 2015.
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Youngs, Bettie B. Story of Millard and Linda Fuller, Founders of Habitat for Humanity and the Fuller Center for Housing. Youngs Books, Bettie, 2013.
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Fahrig, Lenore. Forty years of bias in habitat fragmentation research. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0005.
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This chapter evaluates biases that contribute to the common misrepresentation of fragmentation as a major threat to biodiversity. The idea that habitat fragmentation seriously threatens biodiversity is so widespread that it might be considered a “conservation biology principle.” However, effects attributed to habitat fragmentation are usually confounded with effects of habitat loss. A recent review of the effects of habitat fragmentation per se (effects independent of habitat loss) indicated that 76% of significant effects of fragmentation were positive, and in no situation were most effects negative. Comparing the abstracts of papers with the actual results reported in the body of each paper revealed that fewer than half of the authors who found only positive fragmentation effects actually discuss these positive effects in their abstracts. Thus, authors themselves reinforce the misrepresentation of the fragmentation literature, potentially because authors fear that their results could be incorrectly used to justify habitat destruction.
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The House That Love Built: The Story of Linda & Millard Fuller, Founders of Habitat for Humanity and the Fuller Center for Housing. Hampton Roads Pub Co, 2007.
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Sheppard, Charles. 6. Reef fish and other major predators. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199682775.003.0006.
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Healthy reefs provide a habitat for an immense number of fish that come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colours. No other natural habitat in the ocean shows this diversity and abundance. About a quarter of all marine species may be found on coral reefs even though this habitat occupies only one or two per cent of the area of the earth. ‘Reef fish and other major predators’ describes the diverse feeding ecology of reef fishes; coral reef predators such as the colourful crown of thorns starfish, Acanthaster plancii; symbiotic relationships between different species of fish or with different invertebrates; and the dangers of overfishing in reef communities.
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Fowler, William R. A Historical Archaeology of Early Spanish Colonial Urbanism in Central America. University Press of Florida, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813069128.001.0001.
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Founded as a military encampment in 1525, abandoned, and refounded in 1528 as an early Spanish colonial town, the town of San Salvador had an indigenous population perhaps twenty times greater in number than its Spanish population. Abandoned 1545-60, its brief occupation spans the crucial years of the early colonial period in Central America. The well-preserved ruins of this town, known today as the site of Ciudad Vieja, afford a rare opportunity for archaeological study of the dynamics of early Spanish-indigenous interaction and entanglement. Approximately two dozen Spanish cities were founded in Central America during the early colonial period. Few have been investigated archaeologically, and Ciudad Vieja is unique among them for its integrity, preservation, visibility, and accessibility. The landscapes of these urban settlements formed the spatial matrices within which their inhabitants embodied the habitus of social and physical relations of their lives, structuring social encounters through the production and reproduction of social relationships. Their habitus and relationships were products of actions crystallized at prescribed places and materialized in the plans, layouts, architecture, and material culture objects of the towns. The present book emphasizes a modern-world archaeological approach featuring detailed spatial analysis of the town, viewing it as an urban landscape and emphasizing the mutual interactions of the individuals and different cultural groups that shared the urban space. The study is set within a dialectical historical framework for the development of urbanism in medieval and early modern Spain and the early Spanish colonial Caribbean and Central America.
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Rogers, Kerrylee, and Timothy J. Ralph, eds. Floodplain Wetland Biota in the Murray-Darling Basin. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100992.
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Floodplain wetlands of the Murray-Darling Basin provide critical habitat for numerous species of flora and fauna, yet the ecology of these wetlands is threatened by a range of environmental issues. This book addresses the urgent need for an improved ecohydrological understanding of the biota of Australian freshwater wetlands.
 It synthesises key water and habitat requirements for 35 species of plants, 48 species of waterbirds, 17 native and four introduced species of fish, 15 species of frogs, and 16 species of crustaceans and molluscs found in floodplain wetlands of the Murray-Darling Basin. Each species profile includes: the influence of water regimes on the survival, health and condition of the species; key stimuli for reproduction and germination; habitat and dietary preferences; as well as major knowledge gaps for the species. 
 Floodplain Wetland Biota in the Murray-Darling Basin also provides an overview of the likely impacts of hydrological change on wetland ecosystems and biota, in the context of climate change and variability, with implications for environmental management. This important book provides an essential baseline for further education, scientific research and management of floodplain wetland biota in the Murray-Darling Basin.
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Fisher, Jonathan R. B. Global agricultural expansion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0011.
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This chapter asks whether evidence supports the widely held belief that land used for agriculture around the world has continued to rapidly expand via conversion of natural habitat in response to the demands created by recent human population growth. Contrary to conventional wisdom, global agricultural land use peaked in 1998 and has since declined. While habitat continues to be cleared for agriculture, on a global net basis, more agricultural land has been converted to other uses than vice versa. This analysis also found that national trends in agricultural expansion are driven by factors other than population growth. Although this does not mean agriculture is “sustainable,” these findings challenge the dominant narrative around global agricultural expansion and highlight other important issues that must be addressed. Looking at data at national and subnational scales is essential to understand the implications of global trends in agriculture, where improvements and interventions are most needed.
Book chapters on the topic "Habitual founder"
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Topić, Martina. "“I have found with women I have had some really good female bosses, but a lot of them can get quite bitchy”." In Towards a New Understanding of Masculine Habitus and Women and Leadership in Public Relations. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003161622-8.
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Medlock, Jolyon, and Kayleigh Hansford. "Possible impact of climate and environmental change on ticks and tick-borne disease in England." In Climate, ticks and disease. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249637.0075.
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Abstract The survival, density and distribution of ticks are determined by three key elements: microclimate, habitat and host, all of which can be impacted by climate change. The public health risk from ticks is further influenced by human behaviour and the way in which we access and manage the environment where ticks or key tick hosts are found. This expert opinion considers how these factors influence tick-borne disease (TBD) transmission in a changing climate, first by discussing direct effects of climate change on ticks and TBD, and second the indirect effects and environmental changes that make direct comparisons of climate and ticks so challenging.
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Soares, Filipa C., Joana M. Hancock, Jorge M. Palmeirim, Hugulay Albuquerque Maia, Tariq Stévart, and Ricardo F. de Lima. "Species Ecology in the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands: Distribution, Habitat Preferences, Assemblages, and Interactions." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_7.
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AbstractThe oceanic islands of the Gulf of Guinea (Príncipe, São Tomé, and Annobón) are an exceptional centre of endemism for flora and fauna. Remarkable progress has been made in biological research during the last few decades: from species being described and reported for the first time, to general patterns of species-habitat associations found across terrestrial, coastal, and marine taxa. Despite this increase in knowledge, key aspects of Gulf of Guinea species ecology remain poorly understood. This chapter reviews existing knowledge on the biodiversity of the islands, focusing on species distributions, population abundance estimates, traits, habitat associations and interactions. To promote these islands as ecological models, and to ensure the future of their endemic-rich biodiversity, it is essential to overcome current knowledge gaps and reduce existing taxonomic, spatial, and temporal biases in the information available. Therefore, future studies should favour systematic island-wide surveys and prioritize understudied areas and taxonomic groups. Moreover, long-term monitoring studies are urgently needed to assess biodiversity trends and to advise conservation actions. The future of ecological research and conservation of the unique biodiversity of these islands must increasingly rely on the development of local biodiversity-focused scientific expertise, through outreach, capacity building, and advanced training, paired with international collaborations and the development of local organizations.
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Drew, Richard A. I., and Meredith C. Romig. "Species and speciation." In The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritideae: Dacinae) of Papua New Guinea, Indonesian Papua, Associated Islands and Bougainville. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249514.0004.
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Abstract This chapter discusses two species models, which are diametrically opposed. The first, often called the 'biological species concept', defines species in terms of 'reproductive isolation', convinced that species arise when subsets of a population are split off and remain geographically isolated over evolutionary time. If and when such new species are reunited with their founder population, interbreeding does not occur, or if it does, infertile progeny result. Hence, from the biological species concept, natural selection is a primary agent of change and directly selects for new species. In this sense, species are the direct products of natural selection and they are therefore 'adaptive devices'. When applying this species concept, it has been impossible to separate some sibling species of fruit flies in the genus Bactrocera where distinct morphological species can be similar in molecular analyses of certain DNA sequences, while similar species morphologically are distinct in the same molecular characters. A radically different model, the 'recognition concept of species', relies heavily on a knowledge of species ecology and behaviour, particularly in their natural habitat. The principal points in this concept are given. In contrast to the now-outdated biological species concept that leads one to depend on laboratory-based research to define species, the recognition concept requires workers to undertake extensive field research in the habitat of the taxon under investigation. In translating this approach to research in the insect family Tephritidae, particularly the Dacinae, some 35 years of field surveys have been undertaken throughout the Indian subcontinent, South-east Asia and the South Pacific region. These surveys included trapping using male lure traps and host fruit collections of commercial/edible fruits. The results of this work have included the provision of specimens of almost all known species for morphological descriptions (c.800 species), material for male pheromone chemistry, and data on host fruit relationships and biogeographical studies.
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Sahakian, Marlyne. "Everyday Life and How It Changes: Studying ‘Sustainable Wellbeing’ with Students During a Pandemic." In Consumption, Sustainability and Everyday Life. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11069-6_9.
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AbstractSemi-confinement measures around the COVID-19 pandemic led to disruptions in everyday lives, in particular when it comes to reconfiguring habitual and routinized ways of doing things—a central theme in a social practice approach to understanding consumption. This contribution considers the weekly journal entries of 95 students in an undergraduate class at the University of Geneva, documenting how their consumption-related practices were changing, and how such changes relate to ‘sustainable wellbeing’. Students describe thrift and frugality measures in relation to resource consumption, reconsider existing practices such as ‘being fashionable’, but also explore new practices, such as preparing elaborate meals. In terms of wellbeing, consuming resources was clearly less relevant to students than social relations, whether facilitated through information-communication technologies or at a physical distance, as well as experiencing some form of contact with nature. We found that it is possible to engage students in reflecting on the normative goal of need satisfaction, and for students to distinguish between needs and desires, and between needs and their means of satisfaction. The societal context of the pandemic also led to reflections around how wellbeing must be understood at both an individual and societal level, and how ‘sustainable wellbeing’ as a normative aim might be planned for in the future.
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Nicolson, Ken. "Mai Po." In Landscapes Lost and Found. Hong Kong University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789622093393.003.0006.
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Case study 5: The Mai Po Wetlands are a protected wildlife habitat of international importance. There is a common misconception that the site is a natural wilderness with no human intervention. Instead, Mai Po is one of the most intensively managed areas in Hong Kong in order to maintain the optimum biodiversity and balance the interests of commercial fish farmers, visitor education, and wildlife conservation. Although the extensive site is owned by government, the wetland reserve is managed by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). This chapter traces the history of human intervention that has shaped the wetlands beginning with paddy fields and later construction of fish and shrimp ponds within the dense coastal mangrove plantations. The Mai Po story has a lot to teach the conservation practitioner about resolving conflicts between human activities and habitat protection, sensible land use zoning, establishing buffer zones, and understanding the dynamics of organically evolved cultural landscapes in general.
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Gray, Elizabeth Kelly. "Habitual Opiate Use in Great Britain, 1821–1877." In Habit Forming. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190073121.003.0006.
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Abstract In the 1820s, accounts of habitual opiate use in England shocked middle-class Americans who had assumed that educated white Westerners could avoid addiction. Thomas De Quincey published Confessions of an English Opium-Eater in 1821, and accounts of poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s longtime dependency became public. Americans found these accounts interesting because they provided new information, especially as domestic habituation was not publicly discussed. Readers learned that Coleridge never ended his use and that he lied to those around him to get money for laudanum. De Quincey wrote the earliest extant first-person account of addiction, and he maintained that there were many English habitués. He described opium’s “pleasures” and “pains” and denied blame for his condition. Some criticized him for publishing his account because many Americans, after reading Confessions, tried the drug out of curiosity. Others, however, dismissed the possibility that drug addiction could become widespread in America.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Peter J. Auster. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch13.
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<em>Abstract.—</em> The 1996 Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act mandates that regional fishery management councils must designate essential fish habitat (EFH) for each managed species, assess the effects of fishing on EFH, and develop conservation measures for EFH where needed. This synthesis of fishing effects on habitat was produced to aid the fishery management councils in assessing the impacts of fishing activities. A wide range of studies was reviewed that reported effects of fishing on habitat (i.e., structural habitat components, community structure, and ecosystem processes) for a diversity of habitats and fishing gear types. Commonalities of all studies included immediate effects on species composition and diversity and a reduction in habitat complexity. Studies of acute effects were found to be a good predictor of chronic effects. Recovery after fishing was more variable depending on habitat type, life history strategy of component species, and the natural disturbance regime. The ultimate goal of gear impact studies should not be to retrospectively analyze environmental impacts but ultimately to develop the ability to predict outcomes of particular management regimes. Synthesizing the results of these studies into predictive numerical models is not currently possible. However, conceptual models can coalesce the patterns found over the range of observations and can be used to predict effects of gear impacts within the framework of current ecological theory. Initially, it is useful to consider fishes’ use of habitats along a gradient of habitat complexity and environmental variability. Such considerations can be facilitated by a model of gear impacts on a range of seafloor types based on changes in structural habitat values. Disturbance theory provides the framework for predicting effects of habitat change based on spatial patterns of disturbance. Alternative community state models and type 1–type 2 disturbance patterns may be used to predict the general outcome of habitat management. Primary data are lacking on the spatial extent of fishing-induced disturbance, the effects of specific gear types along a gradient of fishing effort, and the linkages between habitat characteristics and the population dynamics of fishes. Adaptive and precautionary management practices will therefore be required until empirical data become available for validating model predictions.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Peter J. Auster. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch13.
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<em>Abstract.—</em> The 1996 Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act mandates that regional fishery management councils must designate essential fish habitat (EFH) for each managed species, assess the effects of fishing on EFH, and develop conservation measures for EFH where needed. This synthesis of fishing effects on habitat was produced to aid the fishery management councils in assessing the impacts of fishing activities. A wide range of studies was reviewed that reported effects of fishing on habitat (i.e., structural habitat components, community structure, and ecosystem processes) for a diversity of habitats and fishing gear types. Commonalities of all studies included immediate effects on species composition and diversity and a reduction in habitat complexity. Studies of acute effects were found to be a good predictor of chronic effects. Recovery after fishing was more variable depending on habitat type, life history strategy of component species, and the natural disturbance regime. The ultimate goal of gear impact studies should not be to retrospectively analyze environmental impacts but ultimately to develop the ability to predict outcomes of particular management regimes. Synthesizing the results of these studies into predictive numerical models is not currently possible. However, conceptual models can coalesce the patterns found over the range of observations and can be used to predict effects of gear impacts within the framework of current ecological theory. Initially, it is useful to consider fishes’ use of habitats along a gradient of habitat complexity and environmental variability. Such considerations can be facilitated by a model of gear impacts on a range of seafloor types based on changes in structural habitat values. Disturbance theory provides the framework for predicting effects of habitat change based on spatial patterns of disturbance. Alternative community state models and type 1–type 2 disturbance patterns may be used to predict the general outcome of habitat management. Primary data are lacking on the spatial extent of fishing-induced disturbance, the effects of specific gear types along a gradient of fishing effort, and the linkages between habitat characteristics and the population dynamics of fishes. Adaptive and precautionary management practices will therefore be required until empirical data become available for validating model predictions.
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"Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation." In Fish Habitat: Essential Fish Habitat and Rehabilitation, edited by Mark D. Minton. American Fisheries Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569124.ch30.
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<em>Abstract</em> .—The importance of coastal wetlands to a large number of commercially important marine fish species for spawning, nursery, and foraging habitat is a commonly held belief. Few studies to substantiate this belief have been conducted in the northeastern United States. This paper examines in detail the life histories and habitat requirements of three species of fish commonly found in salt marshes in the northeastern United States. The results indicate that valuable commercial and recreational species of fish and their prey require coastal wetlands as habitat during their life cycles in New England. Coastal wetland restoration projects will increase the abundance of wetland habitat types required by commercial and recreational species of marine fish. The restoration of the salt marsh within the Galilee Bird Sanctuary in Narragansett, Rhode Island is used as case study. When enhancement of fishery habitat value is a goal of a restoration project, the project should incorporate certain design features. However, the designers of many salt-marsh restoration projects assume that reestablishment of salt-marsh vegetation will result in recolonization by other species of animals.
Conference papers on the topic "Habitual founder"
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Schmidt, Jon A., Steven W. Ellsworth, R. Allen Brooks, et al. "Colonization and Habitat Use by Marine Fish and Epifauna of the Gulfstream Pipeline Habitat Replacement Structures." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10374.
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Gulfstream Natural Gas System, L.L.C. (Gulfstream) constructed a 36-inch-diameter pipeline in 2001 to transport natural gas from plants in Mississippi and Alabama to markets in central and southern Florida. The route of the marine portion of the pipeline originates from the shoreline of Mississippi and Alabama in Mississippi Sound and transverses the Gulf of Mexico, making landfall in Tampa Bay. Activities such as the installation of the pipe on the seafloor, the subsequent lowering of the pipe beneath the seafloor, and the mooring of construction vessels used in these processes were anticipated to disturb the seafloor and associated resources. Compensatory mitigation for project impacts to live hard-bottom was undertaken with the installation of habitat replacement sites consisting of either limestone boulder groupings or pre-fabricated reef modules. As part of the mitigation monitoring plan, Gulfstream has documented the success of the limestone’s placement and stability within the habitat replacement sites, monitored colonization by sessile epifauna, and censused the reef fish populations found utilizing the created habitat. The monitoring protocol includes diver collected still photography and Bohnsack point counts for fish. The created habitat provides a greater amount of habitat relief/complexity than natural hard/live bottom and is thriving in terms of both the recruitment of sessile epifauna and habitat use by a diverse demersal and commercially important fish community. Thus the limestone boulder and reef module areas created as part of the Gulfstream project appear to be a very successful means of habitat mitigation.
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Čech, Pavol, and Pavel Ružbarský. "Relationships between physical activity, motor performance and body composition in school-age children." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-28.
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Introduction: Physical activity (PA) performed at recommended levels is associated with mul-tiple health benefits. However, as indicated by the available studies, the volume of habitual physical activity of children continuously decreases. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between physical activity per-formed by school-age population and indicators of motor performance and body composition. Methods: The research group consisted of 144 students of the primary school assigned into groups according to the years of study (first, fifth and eighth-year students). The amount of physical activity was examined through a non-direct method, using Fels PAQ, recording four scores, namely sport index, leisure index, work (chore) index and total score. Body composition was tested using a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectric impedance analysis (DSM-BIA). Motor performance was assessed in four categories. Endurance and strength endurance were assessed using Jacik’s motor test; strength abilities were measured using a hand grip test; speed abilities were tested in linear sprints at 5 and 10 meters and in the test of speed with changes of direction at 4 x 10 m and, finally, explosive strength was assessed from results of the countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and 10-second repeated jumps tests. The strength of association between the selected factors was determined from the results using the Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results: The amount of physical activity was mainly associated with the indicators of active body mass (fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass) in all age categories. Low association was found in the parameters of adipose tissue (body fat percentage, visceral fat level). When assessing the strength of association between the characteristics of motor performance and physical activity performed, we observed various courses of associations, based on which it is not possible to determine the tendency. When assessing the relationship between the amount of physical activity and motor performance of students regardless of age, we found medium association only with indicators of strength abilities (hand grip test) and characteris-tics of speed abilities. Conclusions: The results are not explicit but they point to some tendencies in relationships between habitual physical performance and body composition indicators. With respect to mo-tor performance, it is not possible to consider these results decisive; therefore, further data collection and more accurate assessment of relationships are necessary.
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Koryakina, O. V., O. A. Sorokopudova, and E. А. Naskidaeva. "Features of the development of decorative hardy geraniums in the first year after the division of the plants." In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-149.
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The variety of habitus and flowering times were revealed at young generative plants of 33 species and cultivars of geraniums. It was found that in such plants at the end of the first growing season, the diameter of the horizontal projection of the aerial parts of the shoots varied from 20 to 80 cm, depending on the origin and location of the shoots in space.
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Tabeta, Shigeru, Ken Okamoto, Takayoshi Kato, et al. "Environmental Regeneration for a Small-Scale Beach “Heda-Mihama Project”." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95596.
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Abstract In 1950’s and 1960’s, Mihama beach in Heda Bay located on western coast of Izu peninsular had been famous for the richness in shell fauna, for example, about 400 species including rare ones were collected. In 2000’s, however, the impoverishment of ecosystem function has become considerable, which led us to project the investigation on the origin and restoration. The authors carried out field survey in 2007–2008 and found that the impoverishment of Mihama is derived not from surface water but from the benthic environment. The measured water current at the site was quite small, which indicated the water exchange was very weak. It must be one of the main causes of unfavorable benthic environment. Thus environmental regeneration plans for Mihama was proposed in which the pears blocking the water current be removed. In order to assess the effect of proposed plans, simulation-based habitat evaluation was conducted. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic and sediment transport models were developed to reproduce the characteristics of currents and predict the sediment size around Mihama. For the assessment of the ecological status, HEP (Habitat Evaluation Procedure) was employed, in which one of the typical species of bivalves is chosen as a target species. Water depth, sediment size, friction velocity at the bottom, etc. were considered as the environmental factors for the target species. The suitability indices (SI) for each environmental factors were calculated by using the results of hydrodynamic and sediment transport simulations. By using the developed scheme, total habitat unit was evaluated for the proposed regeneration plans and compared to that without countermeasures. It was predicted that the removal of the piers will improve the habitat condition in the target site. Based on the proposal by the authors, a water pathway under the pier was built in 2009. The authors conducted field survey again in 2014 and confirmed that the benthic environment has been improved.
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Tongnunui, Prasert, Prasert Tongnunui, Woraporn Tarangkoon, et al. "SEAGRASS RESTORATION: AN UPDATE FROM TRANG PROVINCE, SOUTHWESTERN THAILAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9447ad58f1.23030316.
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Natural disasters may adversely affect coastal resources potentially leading to coastal habitat restorations that incorporate stakeholders and the general public. Appropriate methodologies for habitat restoration are developed to ensure the outcomes of this project. Currently, seagrass bed restoration by means of asexual and sexual propagation techniques have been used worldwide. However, the experience of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) habitat restoration in Trang Province noted that to accomplish this project’s strategies involved the application of restoration techniques along with public and stakeholder participation. The application of asexual propagation, specifically the collection of single shoots from donor seagrasses and subsequent transplantation, is a convenient tool. However, from this project results, this process still has conceptual problems as from the large numbers of single shoots collected from donor seagrasses, the survival rate was relatively low. Furthermore, this process was complicated by conflicting interests between local communities near to the donor site and the project’s organizers. In order to reduce said conflicts, other techniques to balance stakeholder interests were instigated by this project, namely the development of both asexual and sexual propagation techniques. This project initiated a sexual propagation technique by the collection of wild seeds of Enhalus acoroides that were subsequently grown in the laboratory before natural habitat transplantation. This project results showed that seeds can be grown rapidly and can be cultured in large numbers. However, this development technique has a limit on rearing time because seedlings were found to be in decline after the third month of the experiment. These problems were compounded by a limiting factor that pushed the project’s organizers to decide to transplant seagrasses from the laboratory to the wild whether a time was seasonally suitable or unsuitable, the planting activity still done forward. This matter may have enhanced the low survival rate situation after seagrass transplantation to the wild. If there is a need to recover a seagrass bed, the above culture and transplantation methodologies should be used in conjunction with repeated periodic plantings until natural ecological function has been restored. In conclusion, further research should be instigated to improve the cultivation method for producing ready to plant seedlings and to improve methods of project operation.
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Tongnunui, Prasert, Prasert Tongnunui, Woraporn Tarangkoon, et al. "SEAGRASS RESTORATION: AN UPDATE FROM TRANG PROVINCE, SOUTHWESTERN THAILAND." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431687e149.
Full textAbstract:
Natural disasters may adversely affect coastal resources potentially leading to coastal habitat restorations that incorporate stakeholders and the general public. Appropriate methodologies for habitat restoration are developed to ensure the outcomes of this project. Currently, seagrass bed restoration by means of asexual and sexual propagation techniques have been used worldwide. However, the experience of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) habitat restoration in Trang Province noted that to accomplish this project’s strategies involved the application of restoration techniques along with public and stakeholder participation. The application of asexual propagation, specifically the collection of single shoots from donor seagrasses and subsequent transplantation, is a convenient tool. However, from this project results, this process still has conceptual problems as from the large numbers of single shoots collected from donor seagrasses, the survival rate was relatively low. Furthermore, this process was complicated by conflicting interests between local communities near to the donor site and the project’s organizers. In order to reduce said conflicts, other techniques to balance stakeholder interests were instigated by this project, namely the development of both asexual and sexual propagation techniques. This project initiated a sexual propagation technique by the collection of wild seeds of Enhalus acoroides that were subsequently grown in the laboratory before natural habitat transplantation. This project results showed that seeds can be grown rapidly and can be cultured in large numbers. However, this development technique has a limit on rearing time because seedlings were found to be in decline after the third month of the experiment. These problems were compounded by a limiting factor that pushed the project’s organizers to decide to transplant seagrasses from the laboratory to the wild whether a time was seasonally suitable or unsuitable, the planting activity still done forward. This matter may have enhanced the low survival rate situation after seagrass transplantation to the wild. If there is a need to recover a seagrass bed, the above culture and transplantation methodologies should be used in conjunction with repeated periodic plantings until natural ecological function has been restored. In conclusion, further research should be instigated to improve the cultivation method for producing ready to plant seedlings and to improve methods of project operation.
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Semak, A. N., E. G. Busko, and V. A. Stelmakh. "MEDICAL-ECOLOGICAL AND CYTOGENETIC ASSESSMENT OF INDICATORS OF THE SKIN OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS OF THE CANINE FAMILY (CANIDAE) AND FELIDS (FELIDAE) OF CENTRAL BELARUS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-107-110.
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The study of the genesis of domestic animals in zoogeographic, phylogenetic and cytogenetic aspects allowed us to identify patterns of occurrence and development of various diseases and to predict their dynamics in connection with changes in the complex conditions of their habitat. It was found that among the examined group of dogs in 80,3% of cases were benign neoplasms, in 19,7% of cases the possibility of the occurrence and development of malignant neoplasms was diagnosed. Malignant neoplasms of the skin among the examined cats are detected more often and make up 63,0%, benign - 37,0%, respectively.
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Moreno, Silvana, Diego Vallespir, and Martin Solari. "An experiment on how graduating students represent software designs." In Congresso Ibero-Americano em Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/cibse.2022.20963.
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As a practice, software design seeks to contribute to developing quality software. For graduating students, the design is difficult to understand, and building a good design seems to require a certain level of cognitive development. In this study, we report an experiment to know how students habitually represent detailed design (what artifacts and ways of design representation they use) and if there is an effect on software quality when they deliver the design representation. We found that students design on a basic level, they do not achieve complete designs that combine several artifacts to model dynamic and static aspects. Also, the delivery of design representation did not improve software quality.
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Adenan, Sakeenah, Jane Oja, Talaat Abdel-Fattah, and Juha Alatalo. "Linking Soil Chemical Parameters and Fungal Diversity in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0068.
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Given the vast expanse of Qatar’s dryland ecosystems, agricultural productivity and soil stability is highly dependent on the diversity of soil microbiota. The soil environment is a heterogeneous habitat shaped by various components like chemical (organic matter, salinity and nutrients) and biological (fungal diversity and vegetation) properties that form multitudes of different microhabitats. Soil microbial diversity changes along environmental gradients. It is hypothesized that a “stable” microhabitat is one that is inhabited by a large diversity of established microorganisms that are best adapted to the niche. Microorganisms like fungi serve as the underlying biological drivers for biochemical processes within the soil. The key objective of this study is to evaluate the fungal diversity and abundance present within the Qatari soil using molecular-based tools and evaluate potential relationships between the identified fungal communities with chemical properties of the habitat. We found that the composition of fungi and AMF varied between different habitats around Qatar. Despite the lack of significant differences in the measured soil chemical parameters between sampled sites, it is evident that AMF species are more abundant than compared to that of other fungal species in most of the study sites; thus, suggesting that other factors like land use may also be an essential component explaining the variation in fungal communities.
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JAVA, Oskars. "SIGNIFICANCE OF THINNING DEGRADED SWAMPS FOREST STANDS IN SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEM`S DEVELOPMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.104.
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In scope of biodiversity and sustainable ecosystem development swamps ecosystem restoration is important, because by eradicating the effect of drainage in swamps, negative impact on adjacent intact or relatively intact raised swamps and hydrological regime of other wetlands is lowered. Tree cutting in degraded swamps forest stands would speed up restoration of ecosystems disturbed hydrological regime. Habitat conservation value in long-term is the same as for habitat 7110* Intact raised swamps, as in case of hydrological regime restoration, within time it will transform into 7110*. Several specially protected plant species can be found only in raised swamps. Tree stand transpiration volume varies depending on air temperature and solar radiation. Since in reality it is impossible to change air temperature or solar radiation in order to increase the groundwater level in a swamp, we can reduce the leaf area index (LAI) which is the most significant value influencing transpiration by cutting down trees. Aim of this paper is to examine how LAI interacts with groundwater level by using system dynamics swamps ecosystem model. Swamps ecosystem model shows correlation between LAI and groundwater level. As a result of this research author observes, that LAI interacts groundwater level and system dynamics modelling could be useful to calculate degraded swamps forest stands thinning intensity through mathematical relationships.
Reports on the topic "Habitual founder"
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Corum, Zachary, Ethan Cheng, Stanford Gibson, and Travis Dahl. Optimization of reach-scale gravel nourishment on the Green River below Howard Hanson Dam, King County, Washington. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43887.
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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, nourishes gravel downstream of Howard Hanson Dam (HHD) on the Green River in Washington State. The study team developed numerical models to support the ongoing salmonid habitat improvement mission downstream of HHD. Recent advancements in computing and numerical modeling software make long-term simulations in steep, gravel, cobble, and boulder river environments cost effective. The team calibrated mobile-bed, sediment-transport models for the pre-dam and post-dam periods. The modeling explored geomorphic responses to flow and sediment regime changes associated with HHD construction and operation. The team found that pre-dam conditions were significantly more dynamic than post-dam conditions and may have had lower spawning habitat quality in the project vicinity. The team applied the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model to the site and then calibrated to the post-dam gravel augmentation period. The team implemented a new hiding routine in HEC-RAS that improved the simulated grain size trends but underestimated coarse sediment transport. Models without the hiding function overestimated grain size but matched bed elevations and mass flux very well. Decade-long simulations of four future gravel nourishment conditions showed continued sediment storage in the reach. The storage rate was sensitive to nourishment mass and grain size.
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Saltus, Christina, and Eric Britzke. Literature review : macrohabitat metrics to identify presence of chiroptera on the landscape in the United States. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45523.
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This special report reviews current scientific literature to identify the most commonly cited metrics used to describe the macrohabitat criteria important for Chiroptera presence in the United States. The review evaluates 69 scientific articles from 1994 to 2018. The most commonly cited metrics were divided into four main categories: tree-species-level metrics, landscape-level metrics, distance metrics, and topographic and atmospheric metrics. Of all metrics found, the top six most common metrics noted across all articles were percent canopy cover, diameter at breast height (DBH), forest type, distance to water, distance to roads or other urban features, and tree density. In addition, 27 of the 47 (57%) bat species located within the United States were represented. These metrics provide important insight into the regional or national species-level distribution and assist with modeling the relationship between species distribution and habitat change.
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Duffield, John, and Chris Neher. Incorporating deer and turtle total value in collision mitigation benefit-cost calculations. Nevada Department of Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2021.09.1.
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This document is a task report for a larger Wildlife Vehicle Collision (WVC) Reduction and Habitat Connectivity pooled fund study. It addresses the potential use of passive use economic values for wildlife to inform the mitigation of wildlife-vehicle collisions. Passive use, also known as non-use values, are the values individuals place on the existence of a given animal species or population as well as the bequest value of knowing that future generations will also benefit from preserving the species. This report describes a pilot survey and study of willingness to pay by Minnesota households to pay for exclusionary fencing and passage structures to reduce vehicle/animal collisions in the state. The species of focus were deer and turtles. The study found strong support for fencing and passage structures, and statistically significant willingness to pay increased taxes to support their construction.
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Rine, Kristin, Roger Christopherson, and Jason Ransom. Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) occurrence and habitat selection in North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293127.
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Harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) are sea ducks that migrate inland each spring to nest along fast-flowing mountain streams. They are considered one of the most imperiled duck species in North America and occur in two distinct populations on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The Pacific coast population includes Washington State, where harlequin ducks breed in the Olympic, Cascade, and Selkirk Mountains. This species is designated as a Management Priority Species by the National Park Service within North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA). This report summarizes harlequin duck surveys conducted during 15 years across a 27-year period (1990 and 2017) on major streams within NOCA, and incidental observations collected from 1968–2021. The primary objectives of these surveys were to 1) document the distribution and abundance of harlequin duck observations within NOCA boundaries, 2) describe productivity (number of broods and brood size), 3) describe breeding chronology of harlequin ducks, and 4) describe habitat characteristics of breeding streams. Sixty-eight stream surveys over 15 years resulted in observations of 623 individual harlequin ducks comprising various demographics, including single adults, pairs, and broods. In addition, we collected 184 incidental observations of harlequin ducks from visitors and staff between 1968–2021. Harlequin ducks were observed on 22 separate second- to sixth-order streams throughout NOCA across the entire 53-year span of data, both incidentally and during harlequin duck surveys by Park staff. Harlequin ducks were detected on 8 of the 13 streams that were actively surveyed. Excluding recounts, 88.7% (n = 330) of individual harlequin duck observations during surveys occurred in the Stehekin River drainage. Between all surveys and incidental observations, 135 unpaired females without broods were sighted across all NOCA waterways. Thirty-nine broods were recorded between NOCA surveys and incidental observations, with a mean brood size of 3.61 (± 1.44 SD; range = 2–10). Breeding pairs were recorded as early as April 5 and were seen on streams until June 15, a period of less than seven weeks (median: May 2), but most pairs were observed within a 3-week span, between April 26 and May 17. Single females (unpaired with a male, with (an)other female(s), or with a brood) were observed on streams between April 26 and August 25 (median: July 3), though most observations were made within a 5-week period between June 12 and July 19. Habitat data collected at adult harlequin duck observation sites indicate that the birds often used stream reaches with features that are characteristic of high-energy running water. While adults occupied all instream habitat types identified, non-braided rapids and riffles were used most frequently, followed by pools and backwaters. Larger instream substrate sizes (cobbles and boulders) were present at most observation sites. Adult harlequin ducks were more often found at locations that lacked visible drifting or lodged woody debris, but drift debris was a slightly more abundant debris type. The presence of gravel bars and at least one loafing site was common. Adult harlequin ducks were more often observed in association with vegetation that offered some cover over the channel, but not where banks were undercut. The average channel width at adult observation sites was 34.0 m (range: 6-80 m; n = 114) and 27.6 m (± 15.7 m; range: 10-60 m; n = 12) at brood observation sites. Compared to adult harlequin duck sites, broods were observed more frequently in low velocity habitat (pools, backwaters), but rarely in rapids. Cobble and boulder substrates were still the most dominant substrate type. Contrary to adult ducks, broods were observed most often observed in meandering stream channels, a morphology indicative of low gradient, low velocity stream reaches. Most broods were observed in stream reaches with gravel bars, loafing sites, and...
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Miller, James E. Wild Turkeys. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208751.ws.
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Like other bird and mammal species whose populations have been restored through conservation efforts, wild turkeys are treasured by many recreationists and outdoor enthusiasts. Wild turkeys have responded positively to wildlife habitat and population management. In some areas, however, their increased populations have led to increased damage to property and agricultural crops, and threats to human health and safety. Turkeys frequent agricultural fields, pastures, vineyards and orchards, as well as some urban and suburban neighborhoods. Because of this, they may cause damage or mistakenly be blamed for damage. Research has found that despite increases in turkey numbers and complaints, damage is often caused by other mammalian or bird species, not turkeys. In the instances where turkeys did cause damage, it was to specialty crops, vineyards, orchards, hay bales or silage pits during the winter. In cultured crops or gardens where wood chips, pine straw or other bedding materials (mulch) are placed around plants, wild turkeys sometimes scratch or dig up the material and damage plants when searching for food. Wild turkeys are a valuable game species, treasured by recreational hunters and wildlife enthusiasts.
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Ford, Adam T., Marcel Huijser, and Anthony P. Clevenger. Long-term responses of an ecological community to highway mitigation measures. Nevada Department of Transportation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.06.
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In road mitigation systems characterized by multiple wildlife crossing structures (CS) and multiple-focal species, these species-specific design criteria are important to meeting management goals. CS types and locations are fixed in place and cannot be manipulated experimentally; long term studies may offer the best chance to inform evidence-based designs for new CS projects in the future. Long-term data from Banff National Park are uniquely posed to answer these critical questions. More recently, highway mitigation along US93 in Montana provides an additional case study with which to understand the responses of large animals to different CS designs. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting movement of large mammals through CS using data sets from both mitigation projects. Year-round monitoring of CS use was used in an analytical framework to address questions regarding species-specific and community level use of CS; design and habitat factors that best explain species-specific variation; and whether importance of design parameters changes over time. Over the 17 years of the Banff study, and the six years of the Montana study, CS facilitated over 200,000 crossing events at 55 locations. There were significant changes in annual crossing events over time. Variables associated with CS passage rates were species specific, but aligned with a few clusters of preference. With the exception of coyotes, all large carnivore species preferred open span bridges or overpasses to other CS types. In Montana, fencing was positively associated with passage rates for black bears and cougars. We found that wider CS tend to be preferred by most species, irrespective of their location. We also found that wider CS tend to have shorter ‘adaptation’ curves than narrower ones for grizzly bears, coyotes, cougars, and moose. Depending on the heterogeneity of the landscape near the highway, more CS may not create more crossing opportunities if local habitat conditions do not favor animals’ access to the road. At the scale of ecological communities, the flows of mass and energy are likely enough to alter the distribution of ecological processes in the Banff and Montana ecosystems. Our results highlight the value of long-term monitoring for assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Our work confirms the species-specific nature of measure CS performance, leading to our primary recommendation that a diversity of CS designs be considered an essential part of a well-designed mitigation system for the large mammals of western North America. Short-term monitoring efforts may fail to accurately portray the ecological benefits of mitigation for populations and ecological communities. Our results will help to inform design and aid in the establishment of robust, long-term performance measures.
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Boyle, M., and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Matanzas National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293409.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA). Nine vegetation plots, located on Anastasia and Rattlesnake Islands, were established at Fort Matanzas National Monument in June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Matanzas National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Upland Forests/Shrublands and Maritime Open Uplands). Noteworthy findings include: Eighty-two vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across nine vegetation plots, including eight species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), and American burnweed (Erectites hieraciifolius). Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), earleaf greenbriar (Smilax auriculata), and dixie sandmat (Euphorbia bombensis). ne non-native species, Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia), categorized as invasive by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC 2019) was encountered in one Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plot during this monitoring effort. There were not any rare plants tracked by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020) found during this monitoring effort. All plants located in these monitoring plots are fairly common throughout Florida, as well as across the Southeast Coast. Three species observed, however, are on the FDACS 2020 list of commercially exploited plants within the state. These include saw palmetto, cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), and coontie (Zamia integrifolia var. umbrosa). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon and cabbage palmetto. More than 75% of the trees measured in the parks Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type were alive and experiencing healthy vigor. Of the 22 trees that were dead, more than 50% of those were southern/eastern red cedar. Most of those individuals that were observed with moderate or severe decline and greater than 50% dieback were southern/eastern red cedars. Although red bay (Persea borbonia) was identified as one of the “principal understory tree” species within Fort Matanzas National Monument’s maritime forests in 2004 (Zomlefer et al. 2004), tree-sized individuals were rarely detected on plots during this monitoring effort. This may be in part due to the detection of laurel wilt disease within St. Johns County in 2006 (USDA 2021). Based on the low detection...
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Pulaski National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2288716.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU). Twelve vegetation plots were established at Fort Pulaski National Monument in August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Pulaski National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands). Noteworthy findings include: Sixty-six vascular plant taxa were observed across 12 vegetation plots, including six taxa not previously known from the park. Plots were located on both Cockspur and McQueen’s Island. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), perennial saltmarsh aster(Symphyotrichum enuifolium), and groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto). Four non-native species identified as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 17%), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; 8%), Vasey’s grass (Paspalum urvillei; 8%), and European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%). Two rare plants tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2013) were found during this monitoring effort. These include Florida wild privet (Forestiera segregata) and Bosc’s bluet (Oldenlandia boscii). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon, cabbage palmetto, groundsel tree, and Carolina laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana). The health status of sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)—a typical canopy species in maritime forests of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain--observed on park plots appeared to be in decline, with most stems experiencing elevated levels of dieback and low vigor. Over the past decade, this species has been experiencing unexplained high rates of dieback and mortality throughout its range in the Southeastern United States; current research is focusing on what may be causing these alarming die-off patterns. Duff and litter made up the majority of downed woody biomass (fuel loads) across FOPU vegetation plots.
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Rincón-Torres, Andrey Duván, Kimberly Rojas-Silva, and Juan Manuel Julio-Román. The Interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds Markets: The Case of Colombia. Banco de la República, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1171.
Full textAbstract:
We study the interdependence of FX and Treasury Bonds (TES) markets in Colombia. To do this, we estimate a heteroskedasticity identified VAR model on the returns of the COP/USD exchange rate (TRM) and bond prices, as well as event-analysis models for return volatilities, number of quotes, quote volume, and bid/ask spreads. The data under analysis consists of 5-minute intraday bid/ask US dollar prices and bond quotes, for an assortment of bond species. For these species we also have the number of bid/ask quotes as well as their volume. We found, also, that the exchange rate conveys information to the TES market, but the opposite does not completely hold: A one percent COP depreciation leads to a persistent reduction of TES prices between 0.05% and 0.22%. However, a 1% TES price increase has a very small effect and not entirely significant on the exchange rate, i.e. a COP appreciation between 0.001% and 0.009%. Furthermore, TRM return volatility increases do not affect bond return volatility but its liquidity, i.e. the bid/ask quote number and volume. These results are coherent with the fact that the FX market more efficiently reflects the effect of shocks than the TES market, which may be due to its low liquidity and concentration on a specific habitat. These results have implications for the design of financial stability policies as well as for private portfolio design, rebalancing and hedging.
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cape Hatteras National Seashore: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290019.
Full textAbstract:
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. The first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including 52 plots on Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA), was 2019. Twelve vegetation plots were established at Cape Hatteras NS in July and August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cape Hatteras National Seashore in 2019. Data were stratified across four dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands, Maritime Nontidal Wetlands, Maritime Open Uplands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and four land parcels (Bodie Island, Buxton, Hatteras Island, and Ocracoke Island). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 265 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 52 vegetation plots, including 13 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: saltmeadow cordgrass Spartina patens), swallow-wort (Pattalias palustre), and marsh fimbry (Fimbristylis castanea) Maritime Nontidal Wetlands: common wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), saltmeadow cordgrass, eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans), and saw greenbriar (Smilax bona-nox) Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), dune camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), and seabeach evening-primrose (Oenothera humifusa) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: : loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), common wax-myrtle, and live oak (Quercus virginiana). Five invasive species identified as either a Severe Threat (Rank 1) or Significant Threat (Rank 2) to native plants by the North Carolina Native Plant Society (Buchanan 2010) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides; 2%), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 10%), Japanese stilt-grass (Microstegium vimineum; 2%), European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%), and common chickweed (Stellaria media; 2%). Eighteen rare species tracked by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (Robinson 2018) were found during this monitoring effort, including two species—cypress panicgrass (Dichanthelium caerulescens) and Gulf Coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa)—listed as State Endangered by the Plant Conservation Program of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCPCP 2010). Southern/eastern red cedar was a dominant species within the tree stratum of both Maritime Nontidal Wetland and Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Other dominant tree species within CAHA forests included loblolly pine, live oak, and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica). One hundred percent of the live swamp bay (Persea palustris) trees measured in these plots were experiencing declining vigor and observed with symptoms like those caused by laurel wilt......less