Academic literature on the topic 'Hadith (Collections)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Hadith (Collections)"

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Et al., Zahid Islamov. "“WRITING DOWN OF HADITHS IN THE VII-VIII CENTURIES: APPROACHES AND METHODS”." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 5536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1950.

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The article is devoted to the study of history of writing of hadiths in the VII-VIII centuries and methodological approaches and methods used in this process by scholars of the Science of Hadith. The process of writing and compiling of hadith collections is studied historically dividing into the stages of Sahabah (companions), Tabi`un (successors) and Tabi` al-Tabi`un (successors of Tabi`un). The specific features, used approaches and methods of these stages are analyzed and explained based on sources. The article also covers various political and social factors that have accelerated the process of writing of hadiths. The article examines the long process from the first stage of the history of written collection of hadiths to the creation of the main collections of hadith in the ninth century, which is recognized as the golden age of hadith science.
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Hashim, Ahmed M. "Authentication of Hadith." American Journal of Islam and Society 27, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v27i4.1299.

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This book attempts to construct criteria whereby one can validate (reject oraccept) Prophetic traditions (hadiths) that are considered questionable. Suchan attempt reflects Israr Ahmad Khan’s opinion that many of the hadiths inthe canonical Sunni collections, which traditional hadith scholars considerto be authentic, are in fact, not so. Thus, Muslim scholars need to revisitthese hadiths and apply a different methodology to demonstrate that theyare fabricated. To this end, the author gives different criteria to aid in thissifting ...
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Hoque, Mesbahul, Yuslina Mohamed, Abdoul Karim Toure, and Amran Abdul Halim. "جهود العلماء حول كتاب "السنن" للإمام أبي داود." Maʿālim al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah 15 (November 1, 2019): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jmqs.v15i0.172.

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The Sunan of Abu Dawud, known as Sunan, is one of the six canonical hadith collections which occupies great place among the Sunni Muslim community. The Sunan is usually ranked as the next hadith collection after Sahihayn i.e Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. Author of this great book, al-Imam Abu Dawud Sulayman b. al-Ash'ath b. Ishaq b. Bashir b. Shaddad b. Amr al-Azdi al-Sijistani (202 -275 AH) tries to collect 5274 hadiths for this book. Due to the reputation and importance, many scholarly works have appeared to the extent of discussion, commentary, evaluation, editing its hadith corpora. Some scholars scrutinize the Sunan in a very brief fashion along with the retrieval of its hadith. Several detailed commentaries on this Sunan have been written, estimated to number around twenty versions between manuscript and printed edition. Hence, this study comes to shed light on the efforts of scholars for this major hadith collection. This study uses data collection method which includes content analysis and inductive method. Through these analyses, the study finds that the Sunan has several other commentaries or works that could be included as the extension of Abu Dawud scholarship in addition to the current twenty manuscript forms or publication.
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Salman Abed Rabbo Abu Sailik, Abed Rabbo. "مصطلح أصح شيءٍ في الباب في كتب السنن الأربعة وأثر ذلك في عمل الفقهاء." Maʿālim al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah 15 (November 1, 2019): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jmqs.v15i0.189.

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This article deals with a terminology of asah al-shay’ fi hadha al-bab (the most correct thing for this section) as described by hadith scholars of four Sunan collections. The study elaborates the possible meaning of this terminology according to the contextual perspective of how it was established and the effect on regulating process of jurists’ rulings. Hence the purpose of this paper first is to determine the meanings of the terminology then takes a protracted encounter with the impact on the ruling of jurists. This qualitative research which focuses on the inductive, descriptive, critical, and analytical approach are used to the hadiths contained of asah al-shay’ terminology as adopted by the jurists. The finding shows the practice of hadith scholars in using this terminology is not to authenticate the hadiths but contrasting the level of veracity among the hadith transmissions and prioritize them although a hadith would not reach authentic level. And the jurists evidently quote the terminology in a manner agreed upon their principles. Noticeably, they applaud hadith scholars’ viewpoint antecedent to their principles with certain justification if there is any dissimilitude.
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Hasan, Mochamad Ismail. "Kanonisasi Jonathan Brown Atas Shahih Al-Bukhari." Living Islam: Journal of Islamic Discourses 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/lijid.v2i1.1752.

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Shahih Bukhari is one of hadith collections endowed a high authority by consensus for muslim. The consensus is not simply acknowledged by hadis scholars, but by also scholars in varied legal schools. In additions to its standard of hadith authenticity become a convention measure to evaluate other hadith that there is not in Shahih Bukhari. It is Jonathan Brown that has researched how process of canonization of Shahih Bukhari collection. In his research, Brown showed that Shahih Bukhari canon (convention measure of hadith authenticity) was established by long process time. Part of its processes is efforts to study critically the collection to discover its measure of hadith authenticity that al-Bukhari, as the author employed it and then to apply the measure to the hadith else. In the other hand, the notion of consensus (ijma’) used in legal scholars discourse of varied schools also played the impor- tant role to result authority of the collection. The authority of the collection also was supported by scholars declara- tion continously from generation to generation. Some of them are Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayani, Abu Nashr al-Wa’iliy and al-Juwaini.
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Oliander, A. I. "Hadith Qudsi: between the Qur’an and the Sunna." Minbar. Islamic Studies 13, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 911–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2020-13-4-911-923.

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The article is related to the analysis of Hadith Qudsi as a set of apocryphal texts in Islamic tradition. The main purpose of the article is introducing a common definition of Hadith Qudsi and providing unique information about the development of studies on it. Moreover, the paper provides deep comparative analysis of the most important collections of Hadith Qudsi. The research is peculiar with its strictly textological approach that can be contrasted to the predecessors’ works where the texts were basically used for cultural researches.
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Farooq, Mohammad Omar. "Gender Issues and the Search for a Hadith: A Journey in Scholarly Due Diligence." ICR Journal 11, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v11i1.25.

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Hadith are the second source of the Islamic way of life in general and of Islamic law and jurisprudence in particular. From a religious perspective, whether in matters of faith or practice, the details of Muslim life are shaped by hadith as the Qur’an, the revealed source of Islam, mostly provides guidance without relevant details. Thus, hadith play a key role in Islamic religious discourse. For this reason, the authentication of hadith has been a pivotal enterprise in Islamic history. From the earliest period, many hadith appeared that later came to be classified by hadith experts as spurious. One might expect that, by now, Muslims would have become sufficiently circumspect to prevent misattribution of sayings to the Prophet. Indeed, it might be thought that, since all the hadith collections are already in place, there is no room for accretions or distortion of hadith. However, this paper deals with the case of a modern accretion to an otherwise authenticated hadith. While this might not be common, it calls for further circumspection and due diligence by Muslim scholars and other experts.
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Maessa Ali Rawabdeh, Maessa Ali Rawabdeh. "Remodelling Books by Hadith Narrators." journal of king abdulaziz university arts and humanities 26, no. 3 (March 8, 2018): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.26-3.8.

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The study of Hadith has gone through a considerable progress through ages and due to the development of knowledge. The two major processes of authoring and classification of sciences led to the development of other phenomena which are associated with the writing, abridging, ordering, correcting, and reviewing books. One of the most prominent phenomenon is remodelling (re-ordering) parts of the same book. Narrators of Hadith played an important part here. They have provided us with excellent models of books which they have remodeled in a manner different form that used by the original authors of these books. This process of reshaping the form and the structure of the book has produced different ways of studying Hadith and, consequently, new Hadith studies. This paper focuses on the phenomenon of remodelling books written by Hadith narrators, the reasons behind such process, and its advantages. The researcher has studied a number of books in this field which have adopted different methods of remodelling. After analysing them, she has found out that those Hadith narrators were motivated by the desire to make studying Hadith much easier and more fruitful. Also, they wanted to make it easier for the reader to search inside these collections. Furthermore, she has found out that this phenomenon of remodelling these books was not restricted to Hadith narrators. Indeed, many scientists were equally interested; however, Hadith narrators were the ones whose fingerprints were strongly visible.
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Patel, Youshaa. "“Whoever Imitates a People Becomes One of Them”: A Hadith and its Interpreters." Islamic Law and Society 25, no. 4 (October 19, 2018): 359–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685195-00254a01.

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AbstractThis article examines the canonization of the Prophetic hadith, “Whoever imitates a people becomes one of them,” which became the keynote expression of tashabbuh (reprehensible imitation), a Sunni doctrine commonly invoked by religious authorities to distinguish Muslims from non-Muslims. First, I analyze how the Partisans of Hadith transmitted and classified the hadith, highlighting the pivotal role of Abū Dāwūd (d. 275/889) in canonizing the tradition. I then trace the divergent trajectories of its interpretation over time, especially the glosses of two brilliant Damascenes: Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) and Najm al-Dīn al-Ghazzī (d. 1061/1651). This study draws not only from hadith commentaries but also from treatises on law, ethics, and Sufism, illustrating how hadith interpretation takes place in multiple Islamic literary genres. A detailed appendix catalogues the collections of hadith that transmit the tradition; compares different narrations in order to date and locate its circulation; and visually maps its isnād networks.
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Goje, Kabiru. "السنة النبوية ومكافحتها لظاهرة الفساد الإداري." Maʿālim al-Qurʾān wa al-Sunnah 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 130–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jmqs.v15i2.191.

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This research dealt with the authentic hadith of the Prophet that are related to combating against corruption. Some hadiths mentioned in the research dealt with issues related to administrative corruption such as bribery, gift to civil servants and looting of public funds. Whereas other hadiths dealt with administrative corruption in relation to mediation, and employment of relatives in the government out of favoritism and injustice. In this paper, effort has been made to ascertain among the most common causes that contribute to the spread of the phenomenon of administrative corruption in the Islamic world. This study aims to find a proper solution and appropriate remedies in light of the Sunnah, in reducing the spread of administrative corruption. A qualitative approach based upon extensive review of Hadith collections and their commentaries, as well as contemporary scholars writings, has been used to study the concept of administrative corruption and its causes. The researcher also analyzed these data through extracting and highlighting the precise meanings of the texts. The results explicitly elaborate that the Sunnah is the best means to apply for addressing the problem of administrative corruption in the Islamic world. It has been observed that the Sunnah completely address two-fold of people that are administrative officials as well as common people.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hadith (Collections)"

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Harpci, Fatih. "Muhammad Speaking of the Messiah: Jesus in the Hadith Tradition." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/223278.

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Religion
Ph.D.
Much has been written about Qur’ānic references to Jesus (‘Īsā in Arabic), yet no work has been done on the structure or formal analysis of the numerous references to ‘Īsā in the Hadīth, that is, the collection of writings that report the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad. In effect, non- Muslims and Muslim scholars neglect the full range of Prophet Muhammad’s statements about Jesus that are in the Hadīth. The dissertation’s main thesis is that an examination of the Hadīths’ reports of Muhammad’s words about and attitudes toward ‘Īsā will lead to fuller understandings about Jesus-‘Īsā among Muslims and propose to non-Muslims new insights into Christian tradition about Jesus. In the latter process, non-Muslims will be encouraged to re-examine past hostile views concerning Muhammad and his words about Jesus. A minor thesis is that Western readers in particular, whether or not they are Christians, will be aided to understand Islamic beliefs about ‘Īsā, prophethood, and eschatology more fully. In the course of the dissertation, Hadīth studies will be enhanced by a full presentation of Muhammad’s words about and attitudes toward Jesus-‘Īsā. While several non-eschatological references to Jesus appear the Hadīth and will be referenced, the dissertation focuses especially on Prophet Muhammad’s statements concerning ‘Īsā’s parousia (return to earth) and his messianic roles toward the End Times. It is anticipated that the work will contribute to further studies about correlations of ‘Īsā and Muhammad in Islamic and Christian theology, as well as to interreligious examinations of the Hadīth traditions.
Temple University--Theses
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Al-Mutairi, Hakem. "A critical edition of the chapters on al-Iman, Belief, al-Taharah, Ritual Purification and al-Salah, Prayer of Ihkam al-Dhariah Ila Ahkam al-Shariah by al-Imam, Abu al-Muzaffar al-Surramarri (d.776 A.H. / 1374 CE) with a discussion of the development of Hadith collection." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497433.

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Silzell, Sharon Lyn. "Miḥna and muṣḥaf : caliphal authority and the written Qur'ān." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2902.

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This thesis challenges previous historiography and suggests an alternative explanation for the first appearance in writing of the ḥadīth relating the collection and codification of the Qur’ān. Rather than equating this “sudden” appearance with fabrication, I argue that the ḥadīth were already in oral circulation, and put in writing in Abū ʿUbayd’s Faḍā’il al-Qur’ān in order to serve the religio-political goals of the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma’mūn (r. 197/813-218/833). I argue that Abū ʿUbayd’s inclusion of the collection and codification accounts, which emphasize caliphal authority over the written Qur’ān, were intended to support al-Ma’mūn’s campaign to control religious authority as exemplified in the Miḥna.
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Books on the topic "Hadith (Collections)"

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al-Bāqī, Muḥammad Fuʾād ʻAbd. al- Luʾluʾ wa-al-marjān fīmā ittafaqa ʻalayhi al-shaykhān =: The translation of the meanings of Al-Lu'lu'wal-Marjan, Arabic-English, a collection of agreed upon ahadith from Al-Bukhari and Muslim. al-Riyāḍ: Maktabat Dār al-Salām, 1995.

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Fake pearls: A collection of unauthentic statements of the Prophet of Islam. Bangalore: Iqra Welfare Trust, 2001.

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Nadvī, Jalīl Ahsan. Let us live as Muslims, English translation of Rah-i-ʻamal: Collection of Ahadith. Peshawar: Shaikh Zayed Centre for Islamic and Arabic Studies, 1995.

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Muḥammad Bāqir ibn Muḥammad Taqī Majlisī. The promised Mahdī: The celestial axis of the world of existence and the universal rule of the noble Imam (AS) : collection of traditions mainly from volume 23 of ʻAllāma Majlisī's Biḥār al-anwār. Isfahan, Iran: Amīr al-Muʼminīn ʻAlī (AS) ʻAlī Religious Research Center, 2012.

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PT, Batik Danar Hadi, ed. The glory of batik: The Danar Hadi collection. Solo, Central Java: Batik Danar Hadi, 2011.

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Hélène, Binet, ed. Architecture of Zaha Hadid in photographs. Baden, Switzerland: Lars Müller Publishers, 2000.

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Sahih Muslim 1/4 English Arabic (Hadith Collections). Dar Al kotob & Jarir Bookstore, 2005.

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Gardens of the Righteous. RoutledgeCurzon, 1995.

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Abu-Alabbas, Belal, Christopher Melchert, and Michael Dann, eds. Modern Hadith Studies. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474441797.001.0001.

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The authenticity of hadith—whether this or that report is correctly attributed—was a major subject of scholarship in the Middle Ages and has continued to be today. However, this collection of articles is primarily concerned with other problems involving hadith: changing interpretations over time, the use of hadith not to establish rules but to encourage godly behaviour, comparison between modern and premodern methods of hadith study, the collection and study of hadith among jurisprudents and Sufis as well as traditionists (hadith specialists), the development of hadith studies in the Levant and Turkey, and different approaches to hadith among modern Sunni and Shiʿi scholars.
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Sells, Michael A. Armageddon in Christian, Sunni, and Shia Traditions. Edited by Michael Jerryson, Mark Juergensmeyer, and Margo Kitts. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199759996.013.0033.

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This chapter, which looks at the actual or alleged cases of apocalypticism within contemporary Iranian Shi'ite, Saudi Sunni, and American Christian circles, evaluates the issue of contemporary militant apocalypticism, emphasizing the competition between its American Christian and Islamic versions. The hadith collections present contradictory reports regarding the end-time struggle between the Messiah Jesus and Dajjal. Militant near-term apocalypticism summons the power of religion, imagination, and personal conviction against any serious peace endeavor; demonizes those who work toward such endeavors; and sanctifies those who, once the tribulation or endtimes conflict is underway, kill the peacemakers. The apocalyptic messianism of American dispensationalists, and of the Salafi Sunni figures Safar al-Hawali and Ali al-Timimi, feature scenarios of Middle Eastern and global carnage ending with messianic triumph and theologically grounded rejection of Middle East peacemaking.
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Book chapters on the topic "Hadith (Collections)"

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Speight, R. Marston. "4. The Function of hadith as Commentary on the Qur'an, as Seen in the Six Authoritative Collections." In Approaches to the History of the Interpretation of the Qur’ān, edited by Andrew Rippin, 63–81. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463234898-009.

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Melchert, Christopher. "Ibn al-Mubārak, Traditionist." In Modern Hadith Studies, 49–69. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474441797.003.0004.

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Christopher Melchert. surveys modern scholarship in Arabic and English concerning this prominent eighth-century traditionist. The fullest is a book by Muḥammad Saʿīd ibn Muḥammad Bukhārī (2003). He goes on to review where Ibn al-Mubārak collected hadith, his tendency in law, and and his personal stances as to various controversies of his time, such as Shiʿism and the value of voluntary poverty. It also regretfully observes that later collectors such as Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal and al-Bukhārī reproduced hadith from such early figures as Ibn al-Mubārak according to their own convenience, as by providing them with short isnāds back to the Prophet. It was not their purpose to present a random sample of anyone’s learning, so we are limited in what we can infer from collections like theirs concerning the special activities and interests of traditionists a century before.
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Dann, Michael. "Can Different Questions Yield the Same Answers? Islamic and Western Scholarship on Shiʿi Narrators in the Sunni Tradition." In Modern Hadith Studies, 192–214. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474441797.003.0010.

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Michael Dann observes that Sunni traditionists paid some attention to transmission from Shiʿi traditionists. Sunni commentators identified different parties of the Shiʿah with the suggestion that adherents of some (especially mere tashayyuʿ) were more likely to be acceptable transmitters than adherents of others (especially rafḍ). Twelver Shiʿi scholars, notably Ibn ʿAqīl and Aḥmad al-Ghumārī, have collected biographical information on very many such Shiʿi traditionists, although often without much precision as to which variety of Shiʿism they adhered to. Sunni scholars, notably Ḥātim al-ʿAwnī and Muhammad Enes Topgül, have also studied the biographies of Shiʿi traditionists who appear in Sunni collections. Muslim scholars seem to be more or less affected by normative considerations, but likewise non-Muslim, inasmuch as they use the terms of competing traditions. Those who start on the Sunni side are more likely to define Shiʿism expansively, like medieval Sunni commentators, whereas those who start on the Shiʿi side are more likely to define Shiʿism narrowly, as implying clear sectarian affiliation.
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Blecher, Joel. "Gatekeepers of the Law." In Said the Prophet of God. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520295933.003.0007.

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While Maliki commentators in postclassical Andalusia did not need to demonstrate knowledge of and personal connection to the genealogy of a canonical collection of hadith to be authorized to interpret it, a scholar’s genealogy became an important prerequisite for aspiring commentators in the late Mamluk era. Moreover, a subtler marker of authority was a commentator’s conspicuous mastery of the rarified rules and procedures of a given legal approach. For Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, a Shafiʿi, knowledge of the chains of transmission informed his link to Sahih al-Bukhari as well as his legal approach to it. For Badr al-Din al-ʿAynī, a Hanafi, his expertise in the sciences of rhetoric was, for his students, qualification enough. But commentators’ genealogies as hadith scholars and training as jurists were not merely symbolic credentials, intended to rarify knowledge and exclude certain people from access to it. Their training also played a role, within the complex social and intellectual matrix of the Mamluk scholarly scene, in shaping the way commentators interpreted canonical collections of hadith.
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"A Comparison of P.Utah.Ar. inv. 205 to the Canonical Hadith Collections: The Written Raw Material of Early Hadith Study." In New Frontiers of Arabic Papyrology, 101–12. BRILL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004345171_007.

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Blecher, Joel. "Mysteries of the Thresholds." In Said the Prophet of God. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520295933.003.0008.

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How did the deepening canonization of key hadith collections like Sahih al-Bukhari in the Mamluk period influence the commentator’s ability to introduce or discover new meanings in the text? This chapter takes up this question by tracking the development of a hermeneutic technique that justified not only one’s commentarial authority over Sahih al-Bukhari but also promised to disclose the “secret essence of Sahih al-Bukhari”: the analysis of Bukhari’s chapter headings (tarajim) and paratexts. While postclassical Andalusian hadith scholars wondered whether the problematic chapter headings in Bukhari’s Sahih were inadvertent errors, a marked change occurs among later commentators in Egypt, such as Ibn al-Munayyir (d. 1284) and Ibn Hajar, who viewed them as riddles containing Bukhari’s hidden intentions. Since the titles’ meanings were often underdetermined, commentators could claim to be faithful to Bukhari’s compilatory goal while simultaneously deriving novel meanings from the text.
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Tiburcio, Alberto. "Appropriating Shiʿi Tradition and Engaging Christian Sources." In Muslim-Christian Polemics in Safavid Iran, 94–122. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474440462.003.0005.

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This chapter analyses the way in which Jadid al-Islam’s work uses both Islamic and Christian sources. From the Islamic archive, attention is drawn toward the use of hadith from specifically Shiʿi collections as prophetical signs. From the Christian archive we see both classical sources of Church history (and heresiography) as well as early modern sources. Of the latter, Jadid al-Islam brings forward Protestant and Catholic sources critical of the consensus of the Council of Trent as proofs of the divisions within the Christianity.
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Rustomji, Nerina. "A Reward." In The Beauty of the Houri, 93–122. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190249342.003.0005.

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This chapter presents Islamic theological and historical texts about the houri and argues that the houri is an ambiguous reward of paradise that has developed multiple meanings. The chapter introduces the concepts of paradise, or the Garden, and hell, or the Fire, in Islamic history and surveys Qurʾanic commentaries, hadith collections, dictionaries, eschatological manuals, and book arts from the eighth to the fifteenth century. The chapter argues that there are multiple functions of the houri, including pure companion, sensual being, cosmic bride, and singing slave girl. These many functions of the houri arise because she is an ambiguous reward in paradise.
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"On the Hadith Collection of Bayezid II’s Palace Library." In Treasures of Knowledge: An Inventory of the Ottoman Palace Library (1502/3-1503/4) (2 vols), 309–40. BRILL, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004402508_009.

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Hirschler, Konrad. "Monumentalising the Past." In A Monument to Medieval Syrian Book Culture, 64–114. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474451567.003.0003.

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This chapter argues that the Ibn ʿAbd al-Hādī Library of Damascus was the oldest continuously surviving book collection of the city when the modern Public Library was founded in 1878. It discusses the practicalities of building up such a library from scratch in late Mamluk Damascus and shows to what extent post-canonical hadith scholarship dominated this book collection. As this line of scholarship was on its way out Ibn ʿAbd al-Hādī had to take enormous strides to revive books that needed oral transmission from an authorized teacher. He finally endowed this library - accompanied by a ritualistic binge reading of the books – to create a monument to one part of Syrian book culture that was about to vanish. He placed this monument into one of the most meaningful places to commemorate a way of writerly culture that had been closely tied to his family and quarter.
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