Academic literature on the topic 'HAdV E1A'
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Journal articles on the topic "HAdV E1A"
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Singh, Gurdeep, Ashrafali M. Ismail, Jeong Yoon Lee, Mirja Ramke, Ji Sun Lee, David W. Dyer, Donald Seto, Jaya Rajaiya, and and James Chodosh. "Divergent Evolution of E1A CR3 in Human Adenovirus Species D." Viruses 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11020143.
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Adenovirus E1A is the first viral protein expressed during infection. E1A controls critical aspects of downstream viral gene expression and cell cycle deregulation, and its function is thought to be highly conserved among adenoviruses. Various bioinformatics analyses of E1A from 38 human adenoviruses of species D (HAdV-D), including likelihood clade model partitioning, provided highly significant evidence of divergence of HAdV-Ds into two distinct groups for the conserved region 3 (CR3), present only in the E1A 13S isoform. This variance within E1A 13S of HAdV-Ds was not found in any other human adenovirus (HAdV) species. By protein sequence and structural analysis, the zinc finger motif of E1A CR3, previously shown as critical for transcriptional activation, showed the greatest differences. Subsequent codon usage bias analysis revealed substantial divergence in E1A 13S between the two groups of HAdV-Ds, suggesting that these two sub-groups of HAdV-D evolved under different cellular conditions. Hence, HAdV-D E1A embodies a previously unappreciated evolutionary divergence among HAdVs.
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Zhang, Ali, Tanner Tessier, Kristianne Galpin, Cason King, Steven Gameiro, Wyatt Anderson, Ahmed Yousef, Wen Qin, Shawn Li, and Joe Mymryk. "The Transcriptional Repressor BS69 is a Conserved Target of the E1A Proteins from Several Human Adenovirus Species." Viruses 10, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10120662.
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Early region 1A (E1A) is the first viral protein produced upon human adenovirus (HAdV) infection. This multifunctional protein transcriptionally activates other HAdV early genes and reprograms gene expression in host cells to support productive infection. E1A functions by interacting with key cellular regulatory proteins through short linear motifs (SLiMs). In this study, the molecular determinants of interaction between E1A and BS69, a cellular repressor that negatively regulates E1A transactivation, were systematically defined by mutagenesis experiments. We found that a minimal sequence comprised of MPNLVPEV, which contains a conserved PXLXP motif and spans residues 112–119 in HAdV-C5 E1A, was necessary and sufficient in binding to the myeloid, Nervy, and DEAF-1 (MYND) domain of BS69. Our study also identified residues P113 and L115 as critical for this interaction. Furthermore, the HAdV-C5 and -A12 E1A proteins from species C and A bound BS69, but those of HAdV-B3, -E4, -D9, -F40, and -G52 from species B, E, D, F, and G, respectively, did not. In addition, BS69 functioned as a repressor of E1A-mediated transactivation, but only for HAdV-C5 and HAdV-A12 E1A. Thus, the PXLXP motif present in a subset of HAdV E1A proteins confers interaction with BS69, which serves as a negative regulator of E1A mediated transcriptional activation.
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Ip, Wing-Hang, Britta Wilkens, Anastasia Solomatina, Judith Martin, Michael Melling, Paloma Hidalgo, Luca D. Bertzbach, Thomas Speiseder, and Thomas Dobner. "Differential Regulation of Cellular FAM111B by Human Adenovirus C Type 5 E1 Oncogenes." Viruses 13, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061015.
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The adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-C5) E1 transcription unit encodes regulatory proteins that are essential for viral replication and transformation. Among these, E1A and E1B-55K act as key multifunctional HAdV-C5 proteins involved in various steps of the viral replication cycle and in virus-induced cell transformation. In this context, HAdV-C5-mediated dysregulations of cellular factors such as the tumor suppressors p53 and pRB have been intensively investigated. However, cellular components of downstream events that could affect infection and viral transformation are widely unknown. We recently observed that cellular FAM111B is highly regulated in an E1A-dependent fashion. Intriguingly, previous reports suggest that FAM111B might play roles in tumorigenesis, but its exact functions are not known to date. Here, we set out to investigate the role of FAM111B in HAdV-C5 infections. We found that (i) FAM111B levels are upregulated early and downregulated late during infection, that (ii) FAM111B expression is differentially regulated, that (iii) FAM111B expression levels depend on the presence of E1B-55K and E4orf6 and that (iv) a FAM111B knockdown increases HAdV-C5 replication. Our data indicate that FAM111B acts as an anti-adenoviral host factor that is involved in host cell defense mechanisms in productive HAdV-C5 infection. Moreover, these findings suggest that FAM111B might play an important role in the host antiviral immune response that is counteracted by HAdV-C5 E1B-55K and E4orf6 oncoproteins.
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Prusinkiewicz, Martin A., Jessie Tu, Mackenzie J. Dodge, Katelyn M. MacNeil, Sandi Radko-Juettner, Gregory J. Fonseca, Peter Pelka, and Joe S. Mymryk. "Differential Effects of Human Adenovirus E1A Protein Isoforms on Aerobic Glycolysis in A549 Human Lung Epithelial Cells." Viruses 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060610.
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Viruses alter a multitude of host-cell processes to create a more optimal environment for viral replication. This includes altering metabolism to provide adequate substrates and energy required for replication. Typically, viral infections induce a metabolic phenotype resembling the Warburg effect, with an upregulation of glycolysis and a concurrent decrease in cellular respiration. Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been observed to induce the Warburg effect, which can be partially attributed to the adenovirus protein early region 4, open reading frame 1 (E4orf1). E4orf1 regulates a multitude of host-cell processes to benefit viral replication and can influence cellular metabolism through the transcription factor avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC). However, E4orf1 does not explain the full extent of Warburg-like HAdV metabolic reprogramming, especially the accompanying decrease in cellular respiration. The HAdV protein early region 1A (E1A) also modulates the function of the infected cell to promote viral replication. E1A can interact with a wide variety of host-cell proteins, some of which have been shown to interact with metabolic enzymes independently of an interaction with E1A. To determine if the HAdV E1A proteins are responsible for reprogramming cell metabolism, we measured the extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate of A549 human lung epithelial cells with constitutive endogenous expression of either of the two major E1A isoforms. This was followed by the characterization of transcript levels for genes involved in glycolysis and cellular respiration, and related metabolic pathways. Cells expressing the 13S encoded E1A isoform had drastically increased baseline glycolysis and lower maximal cellular respiration than cells expressing the 12S encoded E1A isoform. Cells expressing the 13S encoded E1A isoform exhibited upregulated expression of glycolysis genes and downregulated expression of cellular respiration genes. However, tricarboxylic acid cycle genes were upregulated, resembling anaplerotic metabolism employed by certain cancers. Upregulation of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle genes was also apparent in IMR-90 human primary lung fibroblast cells infected with a HAdV-5 mutant virus that expressed the 13S, but not the 12S encoded E1A isoform. In conclusion, it appears that the two major isoforms of E1A differentially influence cellular glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and this is at least partially due to the altered regulation of mRNA expression for the genes in these pathways.
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Roy, Soumitra, David S. Clawson, Virginie S. Adam, Angelica Medina, and James M. Wilson. "Construction of gene transfer vectors based on simian adenovirus 7." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 1749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.032300-0.
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The complete nucleotide sequence of an isolate of simian adenovirus 7 (SAdV-7) was determined. The genome organization of this isolate was found to be similar to that of other primate adenoviruses with two principal notable points: severe truncation of the E1A and E1B 19K proteins and an E3 region encoding only the 12.5K homologue. The viral gene products of SAdV-7 are most closely related to simian adenovirus 1 (SAdV-1), and like SAdV-1, are related to the human adenovirus species HAdV-F, such as the enteric adenoviruses HAdV-40 and HAdV-41 and the recently defined HAdV-G (HAdV-52). Two kinds of gene transfer vectors were made: a replication-competent SAdV-7-based vector with no genomic deletion, and a standard replication-incompetent vector deleted for E1. Importantly, the E1-deleted vector could be propagated to high titre by trans-complementation in human HEK 293 cells.
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Kim, Misoon, Mi Young Lim, and GwangPyo Ko. "Enhancement of Enteric Adenovirus Cultivation by Viral Transactivator Proteins." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 8 (February 5, 2010): 2509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02224-09.
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ABSTRACT Human enteric adenoviruses (HAdVs; serotypes 40 and 41) are important waterborne and food-borne pathogens. However, HAdVs are fastidious, are difficult to cultivate, and do not produce a clear cytopathic effect during cell culture within a reasonable time. Thus, we examined whether the viral transactivator proteins cytomegalovirus (CMV) IE1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) X promoted the multiplication of HAdVs. Additionally, we constructed a new 293 cell line expressing CMV IE1 protein for cultivation assays. We analyzed the nucleic acid sequences of the promoter regions of both E1A and hexon genes, which are considered to be the most important regions for HAdV replication. Expression of either HBV X or CMV IE1 protein significantly increased the promoter activities of E1A and hexon genes of HAdVs by as much as 14-fold during cell cultivation. The promotion of HAdV expression was confirmed by increased levels of both adenoviral DNA and mRNA expression. Finally, the newly developed 293 cell line expressing CMV IE1 protein showed an increase in viral DNA ranging from 574% to 619% compared with the conventional 293 cell line. These results suggest that the newly constructed cell line could be useful for efficient cultivation and research of fastidious HAdVs.
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Dalidowska, Iga, Olga Gazi, Dorota Sulejczak, Maciej Przybylski, and Pawel Bieganowski. "Heat Shock Protein 90 Chaperones E1A Early Protein of Adenovirus 5 and Is Essential for Replication of the Virus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042020.
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Adenovirus infections tend to be mild, but they may pose a serious threat for young and immunocompromised individuals. The treatment is complicated because there are no approved safe and specific drugs for adenovirus infections. Here, we present evidence that 17-(Allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), an inhibitor of Hsp90 chaperone, decreases the rate of human adenovirus 5 (HAdV-5) replication in cell cultures by 95%. 17-AAG inhibited the transcription of early and late genes of HAdV-5, replication of viral DNA, and expression of viral proteins. 6 h after infection, Hsp90 inhibition results in a 6.3-fold reduction of the newly synthesized E1A protein level without a decrease in the E1A mRNA level. However, the Hsp90 inhibition does not increase the decay rate of the E1A protein that was constitutively expressed in the cell before exposure to the inhibitor. The co-immunoprecipitation proved that E1A protein interacted with Hsp90. Altogether, the presented results show, for the first time. that Hsp90 chaperones newly synthesized, but not mature, E1A protein. Because E1A serves as a transcriptional co-activator of adenovirus early genes, the anti-adenoviral activity of the Hsp90 inhibitor might be explained by the decreased E1A level.
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Kosulin, Karin. "Intestinal HAdV Infection: Tissue Specificity, Persistence, and Implications for Antiviral Therapy." Viruses 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2019): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11090804.
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Human adenovirus (HAdV) causes infections predominantly in early childhood and the tissue tropism of specific HAdV species determines the clinical manifestation, including infections of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and keratoconjunctivitis. Why HAdV shows such a tropism has not yet been fully elucidated, but in the intestine different mechanisms for virus entry or resistence to immune modulatory factors have been described. Recently identified antiviral strategies by interferons provide evidence about the repression of E1A and maybe even promote HAdV persistence. The presence of HAdV in a persistent status in the gut is of importance in the setting of pediatric stem cell transplant recipients where HAdV detection in stool usually preceds clinical signs and severe infections are related to mortality. The reactivation of persistent intestinal HAdV infections in these patients needs further investigation also with regard to successful therapy options. In addition, several newly identified recombinant HAdV types have been isolated from stool samples, thus raising the question of possible recombination events in the gut. In this review, intestinal HAdV infections are discussed in relation to the tissue tropism, persistence, recombination, and new in-vitro models to enhance the knowledge about virus–host interactions and support the development of new treatment approaches.
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Prusinkiewicz, Martin A., and Joe S. Mymryk. "Metabolic Reprogramming of the Host Cell by Human Adenovirus Infection." Viruses 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11020141.
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Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that alter many cellular processes to create an environment optimal for viral replication. Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is an important, yet underappreciated feature of many viral infections, as this ensures that the energy and substrates required for viral replication are available in abundance. Human adenovirus (HAdV), which is the focus of this review, is a small DNA tumor virus that reprograms cellular metabolism in a variety of ways. It is well known that HAdV infection increases glucose uptake and fermentation to lactate in a manner resembling the Warburg effect observed in many cancer cells. However, HAdV infection induces many other metabolic changes. In this review, we integrate the findings from a variety of proteomic and transcriptomic studies to understand the subtleties of metabolite and metabolic pathway control during HAdV infection. We review how the E4ORF1 protein of HAdV enacts some of these changes and summarize evidence for reprogramming of cellular metabolism by the viral E1A protein. Therapies targeting altered metabolism are emerging as cancer treatments, and similar targeting of aberrant components of virally reprogrammed metabolism could have clinical antiviral applications.
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Osipov, Ivan D., Valeriia A. Vasikhovskaia, Daria S. Zabelina, Sergei S. Kutseikin, Antonina A. Grazhdantseva, Galina V. Kochneva, Julia Davydova, Sergey V. Netesov, and Margarita V. Romanenko. "Development of Oncolytic Vectors Based on Human Adenovirus Type 6 for Cancer Treatment." Viruses 15, no. 1 (January 7, 2023): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010182.
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Human Adenovirus type 6 (HAdV-C6) is a promising candidate for the development of oncolytic vectors as it has low seroprevalence and the intrinsic ability to evade tissue macrophages. However, its further development as a therapeutic agent is hampered by the lack of convenient cloning methods. We have developed a novel technology when a shuttle plasmid carrying the distal genome parts with modified E1A and E3 regions is recombined in vitro with the truncated HAdV-C6 genome. Using this approach, we have constructed a novel Ad6-hT-GM vector controlled by the hTERT promoter and expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) instead of 6.7K and gp19K E3 proteins. We have demonstrated that control by the hTERT promoter may result in delayed viral replication, which nevertheless does not significantly change the cytotoxic ability of recombinant viruses. The insertion of the transgene by displacing the E3-6.7K/gp19K region does not drastically change the expression patterns of E3 genes; however, mild changes in expression from major late promoter were observed. Finally, we have demonstrated that the treatment of human breast cancer xenografts in murine models with Ad6-hT-GM significantly decreased the tumor volume and improved survival time compared to mock-treated mice.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HAdV E1A"
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Fiedler, Marie [Verfasser]. "Characterization of HAdV-C5 E4orf6 as a negative regulator of E1B-55K SUMOylation / Marie Fiedler." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227582358/34.
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Stribling, Julian. "People whose siblings have had a premature heart attack : their views and experiences in the era of human genomics." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30484.
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Olanubi, Oladunni. "Exploitation of human RuvBL1 by HAdV E1A to inhibit interferon response for efficient viral growth." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31993.
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E1A of human adenovirus is the first gene product expressed during viral infection and serves as a preliminary step for efficient viral replication. Other early gene products include early proteins designated as E2, E3, and E4 are also made, which together with E1A prepare the infected cell for replication of the viral genome. Various studies have elucidated that E1A functions largely as a transcriptional regulator and can interact with a host of cellular modulators to enhance replication of the virus. RuvBL1, a chromatin remodeling protein involved in a host of cellular functions such as transcriptional regulation and host cell immune response has been shown to bind to E1A. My results identify RuvBL1 as an E1A binding protein and show that E1A is a direct binding partner of RuvBL1. I demonstrate that RuvBL1 plays a role in the growth of adenovirus, as knockdown of RuvBL1 negatively affects the growth of the virus and reveals that RuvBL1 functions as a viral growth enhancer. Finally, I identify a possible role of E1A’s inhibition of interferon response in a RuvBL1 dependent manner.February 2017
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OLIVEIRA, NOGUEIRA MARCELA CRISTINA. "Characterization of heterogeneous viral proteins by NMR methods: Human Adenovirus E1A and Human papillomavirus E7 proteins." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1074811.
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HPV-16 E7 and HAdV-E1A proteins have been studied for years and despite documented attempts the characterization of these proteins either through NMR or X-ray crystallography failed due to their heterogeneous structural and dynamic properties.
Thanks to the recently developed NMR approach to characterize highly heterogeneous proteins, in combination with clever sample preparation strategies, it was possible to complete the high resolution characterization through NMR of both, HPV16-E7 as well as HAdV-E1A. The information obtained, can now be used by the scientific community to answer the many open questions on the molecular determinants of the function of these two distinct proteins that are able to hijack cell regulation by a closely related mechanism. Indeed, the example of the high resolution study of one of the key post-translational modifications linked to the oncogenic process reported here just represents the first example of many studies that now can be performed taking advantage of the available NMR chemical shift assignment. This information can in turn be used to design innovative drugs that target, instead of well-structured proteins, these two IDPs.
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DE, OLIVEIRA LOPES CALCADA EDUARDO PAULO. "Intrinsically disordered proteins - from sample preparation to molecular basis of function." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/836300.
Full textBooks on the topic "HAdV E1A"
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Yŏn'guwŏn, Sŏul, ed. Chŏsŏngjang sidae Sŏul ŭi tosi chŏngch'aek ŭl mal hada: New paradigm for Seoul's urban policy in the low growth era. Kyŏnggi-do P'aju-si: Hanul Ak'ademi, 2016.
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Bauer, Dominique, and Camilla Murgia, eds. Ephemeral Spectacles, Exhibition Spaces and Museums. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720908.
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This book examines ephemeral exhibitions from 1750 to 1918. In an era of acceleration and elusiveness, these transient spaces functioned as microcosms in which reality was shown, simulated, staged, imagined, experienced and known. They therefore had a dimension of spectacle to them, as the volume demonstrates. Against this backdrop, the different chapters deal with a plethora of spaces and spatial installations: the Wunderkammer, the spectacle garden, cosmoramas and panoramas, the literary space, the temporary museum, and the alternative exhibition space.
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Kang, Mathilde. Francophonie en Orient. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462985148.
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This book offers a pioneering study of Asian cultures that officially escaped from French colonisation but nonetheless were steeped in French civilisation in the colonial era and had heavily French-influenced, largely francophone literatures. It raises a number of provocative questions, including whether colonisation is the ultimate requirement for a culture's being defined as francophone, or how to think about francophone literatures that emerge from Asian nations that were historically free from French domination. The ultimate result is a redefining of the Asian francophone heritage according to new, transnational paradigms.
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Teo, Tze-Yin. If Babel Had a Form. Fordham University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9781531500184.001.0001.
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In twentieth-century intersections of China and Asia with the United States, translations did more than communicate meaning across politicized and racializing differences of language and nation. Instead, transpacific translation breached the regulative protocols that created those very differences of cultural value and meaning. The result saw translators cleaving to the sounds and shapes of poetry to imagine a translingual “likeness of form” but not of meaning or kind. At stake in this form without meaning is a new task of equivalence. As a concept, equivalence has been rejected for its colonizing epistemology of value, naming a broken promise of translation and false premise of comparison. Yet in veering from those very ways of knowing, the writers studied in this book theorized a poetic equivalence, negating the colonial foundations of the concept to discover the power of translation in surprising places. Igniting aporias of meaning into flashpoints for a radical literary translation, the book’s immanent readings narrate accounts of poetic equivalence across the iconoclastic poetics of American modernist Ernest Fenollosa, the vernacular experiments of Republican-era China’s central reformer Hu Shih, the trilingual musings of modern Chinese writer and Los Angeles expatriate Eileen Chang, the unfinished work of the Asian American transmedial artist Theresa Cha, and a post-Tiananmen elegy by the contemporary Chinese poet Yang Lian. The conclusion returns to the deconstructive genealogy of recent debates on translation and untranslatability, displacing the convention of radical alterity for a no less radical equivalence.
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Rodríguez, Nania. Realmente Era lo Que Ella Deseaba...: It What Was Truly What She Had Wished For... Page Publishing Inc., 2021.
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Tasar, Eren. The Brezhnev Era and its Aftermath, 1965–1989. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190652104.003.0007.
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After Nikita Khrushchev’s ouster in 1964, Soviet officials dealing with religion assessed the moderate line toward religion that had dominated the 1940s and 1950s, as well as the hard line that had animated Khrushchev’s anti-religious campaign. They determined that both had been too extreme and opted to reconcile the two lines. In the 1970s and 1980s the restriction of religion thus became more omnipresent but less potent. A notable example concerned anti-religious propaganda, which was more widespread but less virulent than in the past. In this situation, SADUM struggled unsuccessfully to restore the power it had enjoyed during the 1940s and 1950s while quietly forming ties with “unregistered” Islamic scholars who enjoyed greater breathing room under Late Socialism. An important new development during the final Soviet decades was the appearance in the Valley of illegal study circles (hujras) questioning aspects of the Hanafi school of Sunni Islam practiced in Central Asia. The scholars leading these circles were rapidly labeled as Wahhabis by their detractors in the state and among the ‘ulama.
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Armfield, Felix L. An Era of National Conflict and Cooperation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036583.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the NUL as Eugene Kinckle Jones penetrated the executive ranks of the National Conference of Social Work (NCSW)—he was, in fact, the first African American to be elected to the NCSW's Executive Board. In this capacity, he gained valuable resources for the further training of black social workers, as well as financial and educational support for his cause. The NCSW moreover provided a national and integrated audience for addressing the social woes of black America, particularly as Jones had begun to achieve national prominence by this time, and his speaking engagements had since grown beyond strictly social-work audiences. This chapter also documents Jones's other efforts at advancing the social cause, particularly during the Great Depression.
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Hines, James R. The End of an Era. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039065.003.0005.
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This chapter details advances in figure skating as well as international competitions in the late nineteenth century. In England, combined skating reached a high level of perfection. On the Continent, the connection of figures provided the seminal beginning of modern free skating. In the Scandinavian countries, special figures became ever more intricate. Although these styles tended to remain regional in scope, communication through books, competitions, and fellowship at the winter resorts in Switzerland created a broad awareness of them, and some mixing of the styles would seem to have been inevitable. Unfortunately, they were fundamentally so different that any logical mixing of them was not possible. Ultimately, there had to be universal acceptance of one style rather than the creation of a new hybrid style. International competitions in the 1880s accelerated the need for change, and the establishment of the International Skating Union in 1892 provided a structure capable of effecting that change.
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Doering, James M. The War Years and a Shift to a New Era. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037412.003.0009.
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This chapter demonstrates how Judson's management empire began to plateau in the 1940s. The Depression had rattled music's funding structures. Technology had spawned greater competition for live musical experiences. Jazz had supplanted classical music on the pages of many newspapers and trade magazines. But particularly relevant for Judson was an emerging concern about the connection between music and big business. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) first raised this issue in 1938, when it launched an investigation into the chain-broadcasting practices of the NBC, CBS, and mutual radio networks. The commission also became concerned about the possibility of monopolistic behavior, specifically in the practice of networks representing artists and also buying artists for their radio programs.
Book chapters on the topic "HAdV E1A"
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Hancock, James F. "End of the spice era." In Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade, 289–99. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249743.0022.
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Abstract As the Dutch and English battled at home and abroad, the major trade commodities also underwent a dramatic shift. Changes in tastes and political climates in Europe caused the profitability of the spices to fall precipitously. This led the VOC and the EIC to seek new markets including cotton, coffee, opium and tea. It was in the middle of the seventeenth century that European interest in spices began to wane. In fact, there was an oversupply of pepper by mid-century, which dropped prices by about 40% compared with that which the Portuguese and then the VOC had long been able to maintain (Lunde, 2005). After a peak of seven million kilograms of pepper imported in 1670, levels fell to about three-and-a-half million kilograms in 1688 (Krondle, 2007). Pepper had lost its status as an exotic luxury in Europe and was now more or less a mundane commodity. The other spices held their high status longer, but they too began to lose their glow by the end of the seventeenth century.
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Baruchel, André. "Bridging to CAR-T Cells in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with ALL." In The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook, 115–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_21.
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AbstractLeukapheresis can be performed in most patients, including infants, but not all patients will receive autologous CAR-T cells. The ELIANA trial can be taken as an example to help understand the issues: 97 patients were successfully screened and enrolled, but only 79 of them finally made it to the infusion. Of the remaining 18 patients, 10 died or experienced an AE during the manufacturing time, and 8 patients had issues with the manufacturing process (Grupp et al. 2018).
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Katsu, Etsuko. "Universities in an Era of Post-Corona “New Order”." In The Promise of Higher Education, 239–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_37.
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AbstractSince the beginning of 2020, the global spread of the coronavirus has caused a sudden disappearance in both supply and demand of goods. This had a major impact on the macroeconomy and corporate management. Our lifestyle is about to change drastically, and companies and universities have changed their work styles by moving to remote work and online meetings. In this memorable year, which also marks the 70th anniversary of IAU, I focus on how universities should be in an era of post-Corona “new order” from a Japanese perspective.
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"END OF AN ERA." In You Had a Job for Life, 149–66. University Press of New England, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1xx9k1r.14.
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"The World They Had Lost." In Epitaph for an Era, 206–27. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781139013710.010.
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Sprachman, Paul. "Hajv and Profane Persian." In Persian Lyric Poetry in the Classical Era, 800–1500. I.B. TAURIS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781788318259.ch-011.
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Teo, Tze-Yin. "Introduction." In If Babel Had a Form, 1–30. Fordham University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9781531500184.003.0001.
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The introduction discusses the book’s key argumentative moves and provides a guide to the body chapters at the end. The central argument traces a difficult and transformative politics of decoupling meaning and value from the work of translation, which paves the way for a poetics of equivalence. The argument is contextualized by connecting the formation of meaning to capitalist-colonial logics of value-assignation, as routed through the political aesthetic of abstraction. It then goes on to address how related modes of thinking have been addressed in critical work in transpacific studies, modernist literature, modern Chinese literary studies, Asian and global studies, and Asian American studies. The argument is anchored by a reading of a very short fictional story by the Republican-era Chinese reformer Hu Shi.
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Abbott, Edwin A. "13 How I had a Vision of Lineland." In Flatland. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199537501.003.0016.
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It was the last day but one of the 1999th year of our era, and the first day of the Long Vacation.* Having amused myself till a late hour with my favourite recreation of Geometry, I had retired to rest with an...
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Robinson, Peter. "For a vast speculation had failed." In Poetry & Money, 121–44. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789622539.003.0006.
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Chapter six follows the theme of gold versus paper money into the Victorian era by revisiting Thomas Love Peacock’s Paper Money Lyrics and relating it to the history of bank failure upon which the poems satirically descant. Tennyson’s biographical and poetic interest in speculations and the consequences of their failures are followed out in discussions of his ‘Sea Dreams’ and Maud, relating anxieties about valueless promises in investments to the value of the poet’s own words in these poems. It continues the interest in poetic technique by looking particularly at how the rhyming works in money poems by Hood, Browning, Clough and Davidson. It also returns to the theme of poets’ financial straits from Chapter 3, relating it to poetic techniques in, especially, Hood and Davidson.
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Perelman, Elisheva A. "“Justifying the Liabilities Which Had Been Incurred”." In American Evangelists and Tuberculosis in Modern Japan, 37–53. Hong Kong University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528141.003.0005.
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Chapter IV looks at late Meiji and early Taishō era politics as that predicated upon utilitarianism. This political philosophy seeks to ensure that actions are undertaken for the greatest good for the greatest number, leaving out other abstractions of the philosophy. Politician Ōkuma, in addition to straddling the Meiji/Taishō divide, also personified this political philosophy extremely successfully. His utilization of various political players, with or without their full political complicity, served to create a nation that could successfully engage in the moral enterprise. Often, he was joined in his work by his American journalist friend and bulldog, Edward Howard House. It was by Ōkuma’s hand and those of his compatriots that tuberculosis often fell to medical missionary work, rather than government action during this period.
Conference papers on the topic "HAdV E1A"
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Syed Sopi, Saiyid Ridzuwan, and Faridah Jaafar. "PAS Dilemmas in the Era of Abdul Hadi Awang." In International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008891806450649.
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Eroğlu, Ayşe Güler, Esra Pehlivan, Levent Saltık, and Uğurcan Sayılı. "P50 Outcomes of atrioventricular valve regurgitation in patients who had atrioventricular septal defect repair surgery." In Faculty of Paediatrics of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 9th Europaediatrics Congress, 13–15 June, Dublin, Ireland 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-epa.405.
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Rungruang, Jakree, Kolawat Swasdiphanich, Nopparat Atibodhi, and Jirat Juengsiripitak. "Think Out of the Box – GHG Emission Reduction by Changing the Way We Had Operated Before." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22817-ea.
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Abstract To support the Company direction of GHG emission reduction in PTTEP operation, GBS, APEX and OMI have initiated fuel optimization to minimize fuel gas consumption. Over 80% of total fuel gas consumption is fed to Turbo Compressor to convert mechanical power to gas energy by compression system. To improve overall efficiency of fuel consumption, the whole gas compression process has been reviewed and analyzed. From preliminary review, there is a room to improve efficiency in part of gas cooling gas treatment process equipped with JT valve (Joule-Thomson, pressure reducing valve) that requires inlet pressure about 63-65 barg and outlet pressure of 55 barg to have cooling effect that decreases gas temperature from 45°C to 25°C. This cooling method takes huge energy from gas compressed in previous system. To improve overall process efficiency, the whole gas compression and cooling system was reviewed thoroughly. Consequently, it was found that the cooling margin of upstream equipment can compensate some cooling effect of JT valve leading to energy optimization of gas compression system without any additional modification and investment. After process tuning with the margin of Booster Compressor Discharge Cooler and Wet Gas / Gas Liquid Heat Exchanger upstream of JT valve, the required inlet pressure of JT valve can be reduced that leads to Booster Compressor discharge pressure declined from 64 barg to 61 barg while JT valve outlet temperature is still maintained at of 25°C as design condition without changing any other related operating condition of the systems before process tuning. The lower pressure of compressor discharge, the lesser fuel gas consumption is expected for energy transformation of compression system.
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Carr, JM, ML McKinney, I. Neuringer, and J. McDonagh. "MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES To D-DIMER: DISCREPANT LATEX AGGLUTINATION AND EIA RESULTS IN LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644836.
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Measurement of fibrin (ogen) degradation products (FDP) by latex agglutination with polyclonal antifibrinogen may be falsely elevated in liver disease due to the presence of “poorly clottable” fibrinogen in serum (Blood 67:1468, 1986). TSro monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes of fibrin degradation fragment D-dimer (DD) are now commercially available. Because of the reported lack of crossreactivity of the DD monoclonals with fibrinogen, we employed them as tools to distinguish true fibrinolysis from false positive results due to liver disease. 17 citrated plasmas were evaluated by 5%SDS PAGE, nitrocellulose transfer and polyclonal antifibrinogen blotting for detection of FDP (X,ED,Y,D). Samples were then evaluated for ED by latex agglutination and by EIA (enzyme immunoassay) with the following results:Patients in Groups 3a and 3b were jaundiced (bilirubins 3.2-27) and had either hepatitis or cirrhosis except for one patient in Group 3a who had metastatic cancer. Assay for soluble fibrin monomer (SFM) by hemagglutination was negative in group 3b but positive in 5 of 7 patients in group 3a. Neither eta recognized fibrinogen. Purified fibrin monomer gave positive results with both EIAs. Detection of fibrinolysis by latex agglutination using monoclonal anti-DD resolves the problem of false positive results seen with polyclonal antifibrinogen in patients with liver disease. Elevated SFM in the absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in patients with liver disease may induce false positive ED results when measured by EIA.
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Kwak, Young Hwa, Junsik Park, Yun-Jung Go, Sunghoon Kim, and Jung-Yun Lee. "A window of opportunity study of nivolumab in early-stage endometrial cancer patients with MMRd who had failure after progestins for fertility-sparing treatment (NIVEC)." In The 7th Biennial Meeting of Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology. Korea: Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology; Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology; Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2021.32.s1.e17.
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Hasbi, Nurul Ezween Binti, Junnyaruin Barat, Lilihani Maluan, and Sharon Ellen Lidwin. "Challenges in Managing Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve SCSSV Integrity Issue in Gas Field, Offshore Malaysia." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31619-ms.
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Abstract Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valves (SCSSV) is a critical completion accessory to maintain the Safe Operation Envelope (SOE) of the well and ensuring the production sustainability. In PCSB, it is a requirement that SCSSVs are tested on specific periods to ensure this safety device meet the acceptance requirement as per company guideline. Monitoring and maintaining the SCSSVs is proven to be challenging for E1 gas fields, located in Offshore Malaysia. Wells in E1 field, recently transferred operatorship, is an aging field producing since August 1982. The wells are equipped with Wireline Retrievable SCSSV (WRSCSSV). Within few months after operating this well, few cases of SCSSVs inoperability were encountered, resulted in significant gas production loss from E1. The main problems with SCSSV are: Control line hydraulic pressure unable to build up and maintain, hence unable to flow the well as SCSSV unable to open. Abnormal hydraulic return observed. E11 wells tripped due to Wellhead Control Panel Hydraulic pressure header hit low-ow trip setpoint. Inoperable after well close in, indication of control line leak. Immediate action taken to rectify include retrieving the WRSCSSV and installing redressed old WRSCSSV, injecting and displacing of Pressure Activated Sealant through control line to patch leak point. Root Cause Failure Analysis (RCFA) conducted on the wells identified preliminary factors that lead to E1 SCSSV issues: Frequent SCSSV cycling with high control line pressure in depleted well pressure (Frequent well tripping and monthly Corrosion Inhibitor batching activity requires close in and opening of SCSSV). Non-compatible SCSSV elastomeric parts with production & CI batching chemical. Wear & tear and corrosion due to valve age (manufactured in 1982 & 1985). Worn out seal bore of BP-6 landing nipple. Short term solution such as reviewing the recommended hydraulic line opening pressure, downhole visual inspection, pressure activated sealant and caliper survey to confirm BP-6 Landing Nipple seal bore damage, Swellable Packer/O-ring (External) and re-dress using non-upgraded Elastomers (Internal) had been planned. Contingency for subsurface controlled SSV and replacement using new WRSCSSV had been put in place as long-term solution. This paper describes operator experience in managing the challenges in maintaining SCSSV operability, diagnostic and solution recommended to avoid production deferment due to this issue.
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Wei, Xinyu, Hongbin Ma, Xiaowei Xiong, Duanjie Yang, and Zhaorong Shang. "Study on the Nonradioactive Environmental Impact Assessments for Chinese Nuclear Power Plants." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16121.
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In China, the radioactive environmental impact assessment (EIA) for nuclear power plants (NPPs) had been carried out in detail due to the specific characteristic of radiation and the social universal attention. However, the nonradioactive environment impact assessment for NPP doesn’t get enough attention. This should be improved, since the operation of NPPs could cause some serious nonradioactive environment impacts. Based on the investigation of EIA for American NPPs, the following suggestions were put forward for Chinese EIA: (1) the laws and regulations in China need to be revised for the EIA of NPPs; (2) the statistics of chemicals or biocides used in the operation of NPPs and their discharged concentration need to be tested; (3) the impact assessments of nonradioactive gas emissions as well as hazardous wastes need to be carried out to meet the national requirements; and (4) the monitoring of nonradioactive waste also needs to be carried out for NPPs to obtain the basic data.
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Clark, Raymond L., Kenneth Czyscinski, Reid J. Rosnick, and Daniel Schultheisz. "Amendments to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Public Health and Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for Yucca Mountain, Nevada (40 CFR Part 197)." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16156.
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In 2001, as directed by the Energy Policy Act of 1992, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued public health and environmental radiation protection standards for the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Several parties sued the Agency on numerous aspects of the rule. A Federal Court upheld EPA on all counts except for the compliance period associated with the individual-protection standard, which the Agency had limited to 10,000 years for a number of technical and policy reasons. However, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) had recommended that the standard be set for the time of peak risk, within the limits imposed by the long-term stability of the geologic environment, which NAS estimated at 1 million years. EPA’s standards required that the Department of Energy (DOE) project doses to the time of peak dose but did not apply a compliance standard to these longer term projections. The Court ruled that EPA’s 10,000-year compliance period was inconsistent with the NAS recommendation. This aspect of the rule was vacated and remanded to the Agency for revision. In 2005, EPA proposed amendments to the standards. Following public hearings and a public review period, the final amendments were issued in September 2008. This paper discusses the new requirements.
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Pungu Mwange, Marie-Anne, Fabien Rogister, and Luka Rukonic. "Measuring driving simulator adaptation using EDA." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001489.
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Most research about simulator adaptation focus on driving style and participants' comfort. However, in recent years, there is a growing interest in physiological data analysis as part of the user experience (UX) assessment. Furthermore, the application of machine learning (ML) techniques to those data may allow the automatic detection of stress and cognitive load. Previously, we noticed that new participants in experiments with our simulator were often in a constant state of tension. This prevented optimal training of our ML models as many of the collected data were not representative of a person's normal state.Our work focuses on improving driver's UX by keeping the cognitive load and stress at levels that do not interfere with the primary task of driving. We use a custom-made driving simulator as our testing platform and evaluate participants' emotional state with physiological signals, specifically electrodermal activity (EDA). EDA is the variation of the skin conductance created by sweat glands. It is linked to the sympathetic nervous system and is an indication of physiological and psychological arousal. We selected EDA because several studies have shown that it is a fast indicator of stress and cognitive load.To ensure that we are consistently collecting accurate data that could be fed to ML algorithms, we need to be able to correlate physiological reactions to external stimuli. We want to avoid them to be confused with general tension. Therefore, we need to determine the time it takes for most participants to physiologically adapt to our simulator. In this between-subjects study, we examined the impact of short time (ca. 10 min) exposures to the simulation and compared it with a longer exposure period (ca. 35 min).Another problem we faced was that some participants were too indisposed by driving in the simulator to complete testing sessions. Therefore, we needed to find a way to discriminate them during the recruitment process. Literature has shown that there might be a link between motion sickness and simulator sickness and in this study, we searched for a correlation between the motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire (MSSQ) and the self-reported simulator sickness using the simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ).For our investigation, we recruited 22 people through an agency. They were divided in two groups. Group A (short-time exposures) had 10 participants between 25 and 69 years old (M=49.5; SD=17.1, 5 women, 5 men) and group B (long-time exposure) had 12 people between 28 and 65 years old (M=43; SD=12.8, 5 women, 7 men). We requested from the agency to recruit only active drivers of automatic transmissions cars as our simulator mimics this type of vehicle.Motion sickness susceptibility and discomfort felt in the simulator are moderately correlated. The coefficient value is 0.51. The number of participants of our study being small, further research is necessary to determine if the MSSQ can be used as a discriminator in the recruitment phase. In addition, we can conclude that a longer exposure of 35 min results overall in better physiological adaptation.
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Zhichun, Fan, Li Mingze, Chen Feng, Huang Zhiyong, and Yan He. "Stress Monitoring of Sealing Materials in Electrical Penetration Assemblies." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82165.
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Failure of sealing materials is a principal cause to the leakage of electrical penetration assemblies (EPA) in nuclear plants, and the essence can be attributed to small deformations or defects taking place in the sealing materials (glass, epoxy, etc.) as a result of harsh environment influence (high temperature, pressure and ionizing radiation), which leads to leakage when the stress/strain exceeds the threshold value. Metal-to-glass sealing EPA has unique advantages of higher temperature and pressure endurance than organic material sealing EPA, and has been applied in the pressure vessel of High-Temperature Reactor Pebble-bed Modules (HTR-PM) at the Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Plant in China. To achieve on-line state monitoring, we proposed a new method to monitor the stress in the sealing glass by optical fiber sensing technique. Our research showed that the stress in sealing glass could be measured via embedding an optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor in glass. Optical fiber sensing technique has been widely used for stress measurement in many fields, however applications in metal-to-glass sealing EPA have not been reported in the literature yet. Taking advantage of the small size of a fiber sensor, the embedding of fiber will not affect the sealing structure. And taking advantage of the similar chemical content, fiber and glass can be fused together easily without affecting insulation. In this paper, a brief review on applications of FBG in nuclear facilities was present. The model of FBG embedded EPA was built based on finite element method. Sensitivity analysis about the impact of environment parameters including temperature and pressure on stress had been studied numerically. And the theoretical Bragg wavelength shift of the embedded sensor was derived from the strain/stress distribution. Experiments had been carried out in some main aspects, including pressure and thermal test, from which the relationship between environment parameters and Bragg wavelength shifts was obtained. This research makes an initial attempt for realizing an on-line real-time long-term state monitoring and sets a base for the life cycle diagnostics of EPA in nuclear reactors.
Reports on the topic "HAdV E1A"
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Hai Vo, Long, Thai-Ha Le, and Donghyun Park. Digital Divide Decoded: Can E-Commerce and Remote Workforces Enhance Enterprise Resilience in the Covid-19 Era? Asian Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220332-2.
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Using a sample of more than 12,000 firms in 32 countries, this paper empirically examines the impact of digital technology on the resilience of enterprises during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. After controlling for firm characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, and pandemic prevalence, the paper finds that digital technology had a significant and positive effect on firm performance during the pandemic. The evidence suggests that key channels of resilience are electronic commerce and remote work.
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Wang, Lili, Xuesong Wang, Yin Wu, Lingxiao Ye, Yahua Zheng, and Rui Fan. The Effects of Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Psychological State of Medical Staff in the Post-epidemic Era: A Protocol Network Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0080.
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Review question / Objective: To compare and rank the clinical effects of Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Psychological State of Medical Staff in the Post-epidemic Eradifferent. Eligibility criteria: The published randomized controlled trials (RCT) of non-Pharmacological Therapies for Psychological State of Medical Staff in the Post-epidemic Era, regardless of age and gender. Patients had clear diagnostic criteria to be diagnosed. Interventions in the treatment group included were various types of non-pharmacological therapies, including various types of acupuncture therapies (such as simple acupuncture, electroacupuncture, warm acupuncture, acupuncture catgut embedding, Auricular therapy, or the combination of acupuncture and other Non-Pharmacological Therapies), meditation, Baduanjin, Tai Chi, aerobic exercise, yoga, psychotherapy, music therapy, etc.; the control group was conventional treatment groups or different non-pharmacological therapies compared with each other. The results of the report are required to include at least one of the following outcome indicators: The self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and effectiveness rate. The language of the publication is limited to Chinese or English.
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Gutiérrez, José E., and Luis Fernández Lafuerza. Credit line runs and bank risk management: evidence from the disclosure of stress test results. Madrid: Banco de España, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/25006.
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As noted in recent literature, firms can run on credit lines due to fear of future credit restrictions. We exploit the 2011 stress test supervised by the European Banking Authority (EBA) and the Spanish Central Credit Register to explore: 1) the occurrence and magnitude of these runs after the release of negative stress test results; and 2) banks’ behaviour before and after the release of this information. We find that, following the release of the results, firms drew down approximately 10 pp more available funds from lines granted by banks that had a worse performance in the stress test. Moreover, before the release date, poorer performing banks were more likely to reduce the size of credit lines, while those with more significant balances of undrawn credit lines were more likely to cut term lending.
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Gutiérrez, José E., and Luis Fernández Lafuerza. Credit line runs and bank risk management: evidence from the disclosure of stress test results. Madrid: Banco de España, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/24998.
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As noted in recent literature, firms can run on credit lines due to fear of future credit restrictions. We exploit the 2011 stress test supervised by the European Banking Authority (EBA) and the Spanish Central Credit Register to explore: 1) the occurrence and magnitude of these runs after the release of negative stress test results; and 2) banks’ behaviour before and after the release of this information. We find that, following the release of the results, firms drew down approximately 10 pp more available funds from lines granted by banks that had a worse performance in the stress test. Moreover, before the release date, poorer performing banks were more likely to reduce the size of credit lines, while those with more significant balances of undrawn credit lines were more likely to cut term lending.
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Barradas, Ricardo. Why has labour productivity slowed down in the era of financialisation? Insights from the post-Keynesians for the European Union countries. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2022.03.
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This paper employs a panel data econometric approach in order to empirically ascertain the role of the phenomenon of financialisation in the deceleration of labour productivity in the European Union (EU) countries from 1980 to 2019. During that time, the EU countries suffered a huge structural transformation based on Reaganomics and Thatcherism and their financial systems have experienced strong liberalisation and deregulation, which have contributed to poor evolution of labour productivity and have revived fears around a new ‘secular stagnation’ in the era of financialisation. Grounded in post-Keynesian literature, the slowdown of labour productivity in the majority of developed economies in the last decades cannot be separated from the phenomenon of financialisation, which has occurred through four different channels, namely the weak economic performance, the decline in the labour income share, the increase in personal income inequality, and strengthening of the degree of financialisation. Our findings confirm that lagged labour productivity, economic performance, and labour income share have a positive impact on labour productivity in the EU countries, while personal income inequality and the degree of financialisation impact it negatively. Our findings also reveal that labour productivity in the EU countries in the last decades would have grown more if there had been a stronger economic performance, a smaller decline (or even a rise) of the labour income share, a smaller increase (or even a decrease) of personal income inequality, and a weakening of the degree of financialisation.
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Starkey, Eric, Daniel McCay, Chrisopher Cooper, and Mark Hynds. Assessment of estuarine water and sediment quality at Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Cape Lookout National Seashore: 2021 data summary. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294854.
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In July 2021 the Southeast Coast Network conducted an assessment of water quality in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores as part of the National Park Service Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as part of the National Coastal Assessment Program (EPA 2010). Laboratory analysis measured chlorophyll a and total and dissolved concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous. Field measurements included water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Water clarity, which requires a Secchi depth measurement, was obtained when possible. All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). Water clarity was not calculated at all sites due to the shallow depth of the water in the sound. Of the sites where water clarity could be assessed (5 sites), four measured good and one fair. Sites that were too shallow to measure water clarity had water column conditions that did not preclude light from penetrating to the bottom of the water body so no ecological effects would be expected.Turbidity measurements ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units) and are good (i.e. < 25 NTU [Nephelometric Turbidity Units]) according to North Carolina Standards (NC Administrative Code 2019). Note that turbidity units of FNU and NTU are roughly equivalent. Chlorophyll a concentration was rated good at 29 sites (97%), and fair at one site (3%). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved oxygen concentration (bottom) was rated good at all 30 sites (100%). A water-quality condition summary index was calculated for each site sampled at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores based on the categorical assessments of chlorophyll a, DIN and DIP concentrations, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity. This summary index indicated good water-quality conditions at all thirty sites (100%). Based on the summary water-quality index rating, overall water-quality conditions at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores during sampling in 2021 were good. For sediment, ecological condition was ranked as good at 30 sites (100%). As a result, no adverse impacts to benthic organisms due to sediment contamination are anticipated at any of the sampled sites. This ranking was assigned according to the 2010 Environmental Protection Agency, National Coastal Condition Assessment (NCCA) thresholds for sediment chemistry.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.
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: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.
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Ruosteenoja, Kimmo. Applicability of CMIP6 models for building climate projections for northern Europe. Finnish Meteorological Institute, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361416.
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In this report, we have evaluated the performance of nearly 40 global climate models (GCMs) participating in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The focus is on the northern European area, but the ability to simulate southern European and global climate is discussed as well. Model evaluation was started with a technical control; completely unrealistic values in the GCM output files were identified by seeking the absolute minimum and maximum values. In this stage, one GCM was rejected totally, and furthermore individual output files from two other GCMs. In evaluating the remaining GCMs, the primary tool was the Model Climate Performance Index (MCPI) that combines RMS errors calculated for the different climate variables into one index. The index takes into account both the seasonal and spatial variations in climatological means. Here, MCPI was calculated for the period 1981—2010 by comparing GCM output with the ERA-Interim reanalyses. Climate variables explored in the evaluation were the surface air temperature, precipitation, sea level air pressure and incoming solar radiation at the surface. Besides MCPI, we studied RMS errors in the seasonal course of the spatial means by examining each climate variable separately. Furthermore, the evaluation procedure considered model performance in simulating past trends in the global-mean temperature, the compatibility of future responses to different greenhouse-gas scenarios and the number of available scenario runs. Daily minimum and maximum temperatures were likewise explored in a qualitative sense, but owing to the non-existence of data from multiple GCMs, these variables were not incorporated in the quantitative validation. Four of the 37 GCMs that had passed the initial technical check were regarded as wholly unusable for scenario calculations: in two GCMs the responses to the different greenhouse gas scenarios were contradictory and in two other GCMs data were missing from one of the four key climate variables. Moreover, to reduce inter-GCM dependencies, no more than two variants of any individual GCM were included; this led to an abandonment of one GCM. The remaining 32 GCMs were divided into three quality classes according to the assessed performance. The users of model data can utilize this grading to select a subset of GCMs to be used in elaborating climate projections for Finland or adjacent areas. Annual-mean temperature and precipitation projections for Finland proved to be nearly identical regardless of whether they were derived from the entire ensemble or by ignoring models that had obtained the lowest scores. Solar radiation projections were somewhat more sensitive.
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Chriscoe, Mackenzie, Rowan Lockwood, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Colonial National Historical Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2291851.
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Colonial National Historical Park (COLO) in eastern Virginia was established for its historical significance, but significant paleontological resources are also found within its boundaries. The bluffs around Yorktown are composed of sedimentary rocks and deposits of the Yorktown Formation, a marine unit deposited approximately 4.9 to 2.8 million years ago. When the Yorktown Formation was being deposited, the shallow seas were populated by many species of invertebrates, vertebrates, and micro-organisms which have left body fossils and trace fossils behind. Corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, worms, crabs, ostracodes, echinoids, sharks, bony fishes, whales, and others were abundant. People have long known about the fossils of the Yorktown area. Beginning in the British colonial era, fossiliferous deposits were used to make lime and construct roads, while more consolidated intervals furnished building stone. Large shells were used as plates and dippers. Collection of specimens for study began in the late 17th century, before they were even recognized as fossils. The oldest image of a fossil from North America is of a typical Yorktown Formation shell now known as Chesapecten jeffersonius, probably collected from the Yorktown area and very likely from within what is now COLO. Fossil shells were observed by participants of the 1781 siege of Yorktown, and the landmark known as “Cornwallis Cave” is carved into rock made of shell fragments. Scientific description of Yorktown Formation fossils began in the early 19th century. At least 25 fossil species have been named from specimens known to have been discovered within COLO boundaries, and at least another 96 have been named from specimens potentially discovered within COLO, but with insufficient locality information to be certain. At least a dozen external repositories and probably many more have fossils collected from lands now within COLO, but again limited locality information makes it difficult to be sure. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for Colonial National Historical Park (COLO). Although COLO fossils have been studied as part of the Northeast Coastal Barrier Network (NCBN; Tweet et al. 2014) and, to a lesser extent, as part of a thematic inventory of caves (Santucci et al. 2001), the park had not received a comprehensive paleontological inventory before this report. This inventory allows for a deeper understanding of the park’s paleontological resources and compiles information from historical papers as well as recently completed field work. In summer 2020, researchers went into the field and collected eight bulk samples from three different localities within COLO. These samples will be added to COLO’s museum collections, making their overall collection more robust. In the future, these samples may be used for educational purposes, both for the general public and for employees of the park.
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Bendikov, Michael, and Thomas C. Harmon. Development of Agricultural Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591738.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In this 1-year feasibility study, we tried polymerization of several different monomers, commercial as well as novel, specially designed and synthesized for this project in the presence of the nitrate ion to produce imprinted conductive polymers. Polymers 1 and 2 (shown below) produced a response to nitrate, but one inferior to that produced by a polypyrrole (Ppy)-based sensor (which we demonstrated prior to this study). Thus, we elected to proceed with improving the stability of the Ppy-based sensor. In order to improve stability of the Ppy-based sensor, we created a two-layer design which includes nitrate-doped Ppy as an inner layer, and nitrate-doped PEDOT as the outer layer. PEDOT is known for its high environmental stability and conductivity. This design has demonstrated promise, but is still undergoing optimization and stability testing. Previously we had failed to create nitrate-doped PEDOT in the absence of a Ppy layer. Nitrate-doped PEDOT should be very promising for sensor applications due to its high stability and exceptional sensing properties as we showed previously for sensing of perchlorate ions (by perchlorate-doped PEDOT). During this year, we have succeeded in preparing nitrate-doped PEDOT (4 below) by designing a new starting monomer (compound 3 below) for polymerization. We are currently testing this design for nitrate sensing. In parallel with the fabrication design studies, we fabricated and tested nitrate-doped Ppy sensors in a series of flow studies under laboratory and field conditions. Nitrate-doped Ppy sensors are less stable than is desirable but provide excellent nitrate sensing characteristics for the short-term experiments focusing on packaging and deployment strategies. The fabricated sensors were successfully interfaced with a commercial battery-powered self-logging (Onset Computer Hobo Datalogger) and a wireless data acquisition and transmission system (Crossbow Technologies MDA300 sensor interface and Mica2 wireless mote). In a series of flow-through experiments with water, the nitrate-doped Ppy sensors were exposed to pulses of dissolved nitrate and compared favorably with an expensive commercial sensor. In 24-hour field tests in both Merced and in Palmdale, CA agricultural soils, the sensors responded to introduced nitrate pulses, but with different dynamics relative to the larger commercial sensors. These experiments are on-going but suggest a form factor (size, shape) effect of the sensor when deployed in a porous medium such as soil. To fill the need for a miniature reference electrode, we identified and tested one commercial version (Cypress Systems, ESA Mini-reference electrode) which works well but is expensive ($190). To create an inexpensive miniature reference electrode, we are exploring the use of AgCl-coated silver wire. This electrode is not a “true” reference electrode; however, it can calibrated once versus a commercial reference electrode at the time of deployment in soil. Thus, only one commercial reference electrode would suffice to support a multiple sensor deployment.