Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hagfish

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hagfish'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hagfish"

1

Lim, J. L., and T. M. Winegard. "Diverse anguilliform swimming kinematics in Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) and Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, no. 3 (March 2015): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0260.

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Anguilliform mode swimmers pass waves of lateral bending down their elongate bodies to propel forward. Hagfishes (Myxinidae) are classified as anguilliform swimmers, but their unique habits and reduced morphology—including a flexible body lacking a vertebral column—have the potential to translate into unique swimming behaviour within this broad classification. Their roles as active scavengers and hunters can require considerable bouts of swimming, yet quantitative data on hagfish locomotion are limited. Here, we aim to provide a more complete mechanistic understanding of hagfish swimming by quantifying whole-body kinematics of steady swimming in Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii (Lockington, 1878)) and Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa L., 1758), species from the two main lineages of Myxinidae. We analyzed high-speed video of hagfishes swimming at voluntary swim speeds and found that both species swim using high-amplitude undulatory waves. Swim speed is generally frequency-modulated, but patterns in wave speed, wavelength, and amplitude along the body and across swim speeds are variable, implying versatile mechanisms for the control of swim speed in these highly flexible fishes. We propose mechanistic explanations for this kinematic variability and compare hagfish with other elongate swimmers, demonstrating that the hagfish’s rich locomotory repertoire adds variety to the already diverse set of locomotory kinematics found in anguilliform swimmers.
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Boggett, Sarah, Jean-Luc Stiles, Adam P. Summers, and Douglas S. Fudge. "Flaccid skin protects hagfishes from shark bites." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 137 (December 2017): 20170765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0765.

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Hagfishes defend themselves from fish predators by releasing large volumes of gill-clogging slime when they are attacked. Slime release is not anticipatory, but is only released after an attack has been initiated, raising the question of how hagfishes survive the initial attack, especially from biting predators such as sharks. We tested two hypotheses that could explain how hagfishes avoid damage from shark bites: puncture-resistant skin, and a loose and flaccid body design that makes it difficult for teeth to penetrate body musculature and viscera. Based on data from skin puncture tests from 22 fish species, we found that hagfish skin is not remarkably puncture resistant. Simulated shark bites on hagfish and their closest living relatives, lamprey, as well as whole animal inflation tests, revealed that the loose attachment of hagfish skin to the rest of the body and the substantial ‘slack volume' in the subcutaneous sinus protect hagfish musculature and viscera from penetrating teeth. While recent work has found evidence that the capacious subcutaneous sinus in hagfishes is important for behaviours such as knot-tying and burrowing, our work demonstrates that it also plays a role in predator defence.
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Sundin, L., M. Axelsson, S. Nilsson, W. Davison, and M. Forster. "EVIDENCE OF REGULATORY MECHANISMS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD BETWEEN THE ARTERIAL AND THE VENOUS COMPARTMENTS IN THE HAGFISH GILL POUCH." Journal of Experimental Biology 190, no. 1 (May 1, 1994): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190.1.281.

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Of the extant vertebrate animals, the hagfishes are generally considered to be the group which diverged first from the ancestral vertebrate lineage, although molecular sequence analysis has recently suggested that they form a monophyletic group with lampreys (Stock and Whitt, 1992). The circulatory system of hagfishes has features that have been described as 'primitive' (Burggren et al. 1985), but their gills are effective gas exchangers. The gills are contained within discrete muscular pouches, and the anatomy of the blood system and ventilatory ducts has an ideal countercurrent arrangement (Mallatt and Paulsen, 1986; Elger, 1987). Reite (1969) first reported effects of catecholamines and other drugs on the branchial vasculature of hagfish. Recent studies of both perfused gills in situ and of blood flow in vivo have suggested that blood flow through the gills of hagfish is under tonic control by catecholamines (Axelsson et al. 1990; Forster et al. 1992). In teleosts, several studies have shown that adrenergic control mechanisms are involved in the distribution of blood between the arterio-arterial and the arterio-venous pathways of the gill vasculature (see Nilsson, 1983). Anatomical and ultrastructural studies have demonstrated the existence of similar pathways in hagfish (Cole, 1925; Mallatt and Paulsen, 1986; Elger, 1987). The experiments reported here demonstrate that, in the hagfish gill pouch, both adrenaline and isoprenaline can increase the proportion of fluid leaving via the efferent arterial route, at the expense of the venous outflow. Hagfish (Eptatretus cirrhatus Forster) were collected off Motunau, North Canterbury, New Zealand, and held in seawater aquaria until used. The masses of the 11 animals used in these experiments ranged from 680 to 1720 g with a mean of 1140±110 g (s.e.m.). Animals were anaesthetized in a 0.4 % solution of benzocaine in sea water. The hagfish were opened ventrally to expose the gills and their blood supply. Individual gill pouches were prepared for perfusion studies.
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Miyashita, Tetsuto. "A Paleozoic stem hagfish Myxinikela siroka — revised anatomy and implications for evolution of the living jawless vertebrate lineages." Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, no. 12 (December 2020): 850–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0046.

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Hagfishes and lampreys comprise cyclostomes, the earliest branching and sole surviving clade of the once diverse assemblage of jawless crown-group vertebrates. Lacking mineralized skeletons, both of the crown cyclostome lineages have notoriously poor fossil record. Particularly in the hagfish total group, †Myxinikela siroka Bardack, 1991 from the Late Carboniferous estuarine system of Illinois (USA) represents the only definitive stem taxon. Previously known from a single specimen, Myxinikela has been reconstructed as a short-bodied form with pigmented eyes but otherwise difficult to distinguish from the living counterpart. With a new, second specimen of Myxinikela reported here, I reevaluate the soft tissue anatomy and formulate diagnosis for the taxon. Myxinikela has a number of general features of cyclostomes, including cartilaginous branchial baskets, separation between the esophageal and the branchial passages, and a well-differentiated midline finfold. In effect, these features give more lamprey-like appearance to this stem hagfish than previously assumed. Myxinikela still has many traits that set modern hagfishes apart from other vertebrates (e.g., nasohypophyseal aperture, large velar cavity, and cardinal heart) and some intermediate conditions of modern hagfishes (e.g., incipient posterior displacement of branchial region). Thus, Myxinikela provides an important calibration point with which to date origins of these characters.
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Edwards, Susan L., Justin Arnold, Salvatore D. Blair, Margaret Pray, Rachel Bradley, Olivia Erikson, and Patrick J. Walsh. "Ammonia excretion in the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) and responses of an Rhc glycoprotein." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 308, no. 9 (May 1, 2015): R769—R778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00355.2014.

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Hagfishes, the most ancient of the extant craniates, demonstrate a high tolerance for a number of unfavorable environmental conditions, including elevated ammonia. Proposed mechanisms of ammonia excretion in aquatic organisms include vesicular NH4+ transport and release by exocytosis in marine crabs, and passive NH3 diffusion, active NH4+ transport, and paracellular leakage of NH3 or NH4+ across the gills of fishes. Recently, an emerging paradigm suggests that Rhesus glycoproteins play a vital role in ammonia transport in both aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates. This study has identified an Rh glycoprotein ortholog from the gills of Atlantic hagfish. The hagfish Rhcg shares a 56–60% amino acid identity to other vertebrate Rhcg cDNAs. Sequence information was used to produce an anti-hagfish Rhcg (hRhcg) antibody. We have used hRhcg to localize protein expression to epithelial cells of the gill and the skin. In addition, we have quantified hRhcg expression following exposure to elevated plasma ammonia levels. Animals exposed to a 3 mmol/kg NH4Cl load resulted in significantly elevated plasma ammonia concentrations compared with controls for up to 4 h postinjection. This correlated with net ammonia excretion rates that were also significantly elevated for up to 4 h postinjection. Rhcg mRNA expression in both the gill and skin was significantly elevated by 15 min and 1 h, respectively, and hRhcg protein expression in gills was significantly elevated at 2, 4, and 8 h postinjection. These results demonstrate a potential role for Rhcg in the excretion of ammonia in the Atlantic hagfish.
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Gorbman, Aubrey. "Hagfish Development." Zoological Science 14, no. 3 (June 1997): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.14.375.

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Fago, Angela, Laura Giangiacomo, Rossana D'Avino, Vito Carratore, Mario Romano, Alberto Boffi, and Emilia Chiancone. "Hagfish Hemoglobins." Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 29 (April 9, 2001): 27415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m100759200.

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Clifford, Alexander M., Alyssa M. Weinrauch, Susan L. Edwards, Michael P. Wilkie, and Greg G. Goss. "Flexible ammonia handling strategies using both cutaneous and branchial epithelia in the highly ammonia-tolerant Pacific hagfish." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 313, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): R78—R90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00351.2016.

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Hagfish consume carrion, potentially exposing them to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and high environmental ammonia (HEA). We investigated branchial and cutaneous ammonia handling strategies by which Pacific hagfish ( Eptatretus stoutii) tolerate and recover from high ammonia loading. Hagfish were exposed to HEA (20 mmol/l) for 48 h to elevate plasma total ammonia (TAmm) levels before placement into divided chambers for a 4-h recovery period in ammonia-free seawater where ammonia excretion ( JAmm) was measured independently in the anterior and posterior compartments. Localized HEA exposures were also conducted by subjecting hagfish to HEA in either the anterior or posterior compartments. During recovery, HEA-exposed animals increased JAmm in both compartments, with the posterior compartment comprising ~20% of the total JAmm compared with ~11% in non-HEA-exposed fish. Plasma TAmm increased substantially when whole hagfish and the posterior regions were exposed to HEA. Alternatively, plasma TAmm did not elevate after anterior localized HEA exposure. JAmm was concentration dependent (0.05–5 mmol/l) across excised skin patches at up to eightfold greater rates than in skin sections that were excised from HEA-exposed hagfish. Skin excised from more posterior regions displayed greater JAmm than those from more anterior regions. Immunohistochemistry with hagfish-specific anti-rhesus glycoprotein type c (α-hRhcg; ammonia transporter) antibody was characterized by staining on the basal aspect of hagfish epidermis while Western blotting demonstrated greater expression of Rhcg in more posterior skin sections. We conclude that cutaneous Rhcg proteins are involved in cutaneous ammonia excretion by Pacific hagfish and that this mechanism could be particularly important during feeding.
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Miyashita, Tetsuto, Michael I. Coates, Robert Farrar, Peter Larson, Phillip L. Manning, Roy A. Wogelius, Nicholas P. Edwards, et al. "Hagfish from the Cretaceous Tethys Sea and a reconciliation of the morphological–molecular conflict in early vertebrate phylogeny." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 6 (January 22, 2019): 2146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1814794116.

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Hagfish depart so much from other fishes anatomically that they were sometimes considered not fully vertebrate. They may represent: (i) an anatomically primitive outgroup of vertebrates (the morphology-based craniate hypothesis); or (ii) an anatomically degenerate vertebrate lineage sister to lampreys (the molecular-based cyclostome hypothesis). This systematic conundrum has become a prominent case of conflict between morphology- and molecular-based phylogenies. To date, the fossil record has offered few insights to this long-branch problem or the evolutionary history of hagfish in general, because unequivocal fossil members of the group are unknown. Here, we report an unequivocal fossil hagfish from the early Late Cretaceous of Lebanon. The soft tissue anatomy includes key attributes of living hagfish: cartilages of barbels, postcranial position of branchial apparatus, and chemical traces of slime glands. This indicates that the suite of characters unique to living hagfish appeared well before Cretaceous times. This new hagfish prompted a reevaluation of morphological characters for interrelationships among jawless vertebrates. By addressing nonindependence of characters, our phylogenetic analyses recovered hagfish and lampreys in a clade of cyclostomes (congruent with the cyclostome hypothesis) using only morphological data. This new phylogeny places the fossil taxon within the hagfish crown group, and resolved other putative fossil cyclostomes to the stem of either hagfish or lamprey crown groups. These results potentially resolve the morphological–molecular conflict at the base of the Vertebrata. Thus, assessment of character nonindependence may help reconcile morphological and molecular inferences for other major discords in animal phylogeny.
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Schultz, Aaron G., Samuel C. Guffey, Alexander M. Clifford, and Greg G. Goss. "Phosphate absorption across multiple epithelia in the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii)." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 307, no. 6 (September 15, 2014): R643—R652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00443.2013.

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Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for all organisms, but in seawater, Pi is a limiting nutrient. This study investigated the primary mechanisms of Pi uptake in Pacific hagfish ( Eptatretus stoutii) using ex vivo physiological and molecular techniques. Hagfish were observed to have the capacity to absorb Pi from the environment into at least three epithelial surfaces: the intestine, skin, and gill. Pi uptake in all tissues was concentration dependent, and saturable Pi transport was observed in the skin and gill at <2.0 mmol/l Pi. Gill and intestinal Pi uptake was sodium dependent, but Pi uptake into the skin increased under low sodium conditions. Gill Pi transport exhibited an apparent affinity constant ∼0.23–0.6 mmol/l Pi. A complete sequence of a type II sodium phosphate cotransporter (Slc34a) was obtained from the hagfish gill. Phylogenetic analysis of the hagfish Slc34a transporter indicates that it is earlier diverging than, and/or ancestral to, the other identified vertebrate Slc34a transporters (Slc34a1, Slc34a2, and Slc34a3). With the use of RT-PCR, the hagfish Slc34a transcript was detected in the intestine, skin, gill, and kidney, suggesting that this may be the transporter involved in Pi uptake into multiple epithelia in the hagfish. This is the first measurement of Pi uptake across the gill or skin of any vertebrate animal and first sodium phosphate cotransporter identified in hagfish.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hagfish"

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Lim, Jeanette Li Li. "Kinematics and Hydrodynamics of Undulatory Locomotion in Hagfishes (Myxinidae) and Hagfish-like Robotic Models." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10883.

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Hagfishes have both intrigued and confused biologists since Linnaeus first mistakenly classified one as an "intestinal worm." Modern hagfishes (Myxinidae) are elongate, marine fishes often described by what they lack: jaws, scales, paired fins, or a vertebral column. Accompanying this reduced morphology was a long-held view that hagfish are lazy animals that mostly lay about on the ocean floor, but more recent research has revealed them to be active hunters and scavengers in the benthic community. Routine swimming is a requisite part of these activities, yet knowledge of how these exceptionally flexible fishes swim is limited. Here, I use an integrative experimental approach to provide a more comprehensive, quantitative understanding of locomotory mechanisms in hagfishes. In Chapters 1 and 2, I use high-speed videography to quantify whole-body kinematics of steady and unsteady swimming in Eptatretus stoutii and Myxine glutinosa, representing the two main lineages within Myxinidae. Both species generally swim with high amplitude head movements and use tail beat frequency to control swim speed, but inter- and intra-specific variation in other undulatory wave variables suggests multiple mechanisms to modulate speed. Changes in the shape of the body wave characterize the observed unsteady swimming behaviors. During positive linear accelerations, hagfish transiently adopt a larger, longer body wave. During lateral maneuvers, hagfish approximate “sidewinding” behavior as anterior body regions interact with the substrate while posterior body regions propagate waves of lateral bending toward the tail tip. Chapter 3 integrates kinematics with hydrodynamics, using particle image velocimetry to visualize the flow field around swimming E. stoutii. The steady swimming wake consists of caudolateral fluid jets, which turn caudally during linear accelerations. Wake jets orient asymmetrically during lateral swimming, contributing both forward and lateral thrust over a complete tail beat. The hydrodynamic patterns observed reinforce kinematics-based hypotheses on how hagfishes enact their various swimming behaviors. In Chapter 4, I use simple robotically-controlled physical models to examine functional relationships between body flexural stiffness, shape, kinematics, hydrodynamics, and swimming performance. I relate model swim performance to characteristics of hagfish swimming, and describe lessons that passively undulating models impart for understanding locomotion by live elongate undulatory swimmers.
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Wilson, Christopher Mark. "Cardiac control in the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50915.

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The Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii), being an extant ancestral craniate, possesses the most ancestral craniate-type heart with valved chambers, a response to increased filling pressure with increased stroke volume (Frank-Starling mechanism), and myogenic contractions. Unlike all other known craniate hearts, this heart receives no direct neural stimulation. Despite this, heart rate can vary four-fold during a prolonged, 36-h anoxic challenge followed by a normoxic recovery period, with heart rate decreasing in anoxia, and increasing beyond routine rates during recovery, a remarkable feat for an aneural heart. This thesis is a study of how the hagfish can regulate heart rate without the assistance of neural stimulation. A major role of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-activated (HCN) channels in heartbeat initiation was indicated by pharmacological application of zatebradine to spontaneously contracting, isolated hearts, which stopped atrial contraction and vastly reduced ventricular contraction. Tetrodotoxin inhibition of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels induced an atrioventricular block suggesting these channels play a role in cardiac conduction. Partial cloning of HCN channel mRNA extracted from hagfish hearts revealed six HCN isoforms, two hagfish representatives of vertebrate HCN2 (HCN2a and HCN2b), three of HCN3 (HCN3a, HCN3b and HCN3c) and one HCN4. Two paralogs of HCN3b were discovered, however, HCN3a dominated the expression of HCN isoforms followed by HCN4. All HCN isoforms bar HCN3b were dominantly expressed in the atrium, likely to support greater atrial excitability ensuring synchronous contractions. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that HCN3 is the ancestral isoform supporting previous observations. Studies with β-adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists in isolated, spontaneously beating hearts showed that the routine normoxic heart rate may involve maximal catecholamine stimulation of heart rate through cAMP stimulation of HCN channels via transmembrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC). Loss of this tonic β-adrenorecptor cardiac stimulation during anoxia reduces heart rate, but restoring β-adrenoreceptor stimulation during normoxic recovery does not produce the previously observed increase above routine heart rate in vivo. Instead, bicarbonate-stimulated, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) mediated cAMP production was found to produce this tachycardia in addition to the reinstated tmAC produced cAMP. This is the first time sAC has been implicated in heart rate control.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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Cox, Georgina Kimberly. "Anoxic survival and cardiovascular responses of the pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/22826.

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To determine if anoxic survival in the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii L) is aided by the suppression of metabolic rate, excess post-anoxic oxygen consumption (EPAOC) and key metabolites in the glycolytic pathway were analyzed following anoxic exposures of different durations. As the cardiovascular system reflects the needs of the tissue and thus whole animal metabolic rate, cardiac performance during prolonged anoxia was also examined to gain insight into the anoxic cardiac ATP turnover rate. Hagfish survived 36-h exposure of complete anoxia at 10°C but showed 50% mortality if exposed to anoxia for 48 h. In order to determine if there had been metabolic rate suppression, changes in tissue metabolites were measured during 36 h anoxia exposure and EPAOC was monitored using respirometry. Analysis of EPAOC measurements suggest that hagfish use metabolic rate suppression to enhance anoxia survival during bouts of anoxia greater than 24 h and that metabolic rate was halved during the final third of a 36-h anoxic period. However, analysis of tissue metabolites in the liver, heart, tongue and skeletal muscle showed that glycogen levels were rapidly depleted over the first 6 h, but then stabilized for the duration of the anoxic exposure. Taken together, the results of the respirometry study and metabolic analysis suggest that anoxia survival in E. stoutii is enhanced by metabolic suppression, but that this suppression may occur earlier in the anoxic period than revealed by EPAOC measurements alone. To gain a better understanding of the use of metabolic rate suppression as a means for surviving anoxic exposures, cardiovascular function was examined during a 36-h anoxic exposure. Cardiac output and ventral aortic blood pressure were measured for 36 h of anoxia and through full recovery. Anoxic bradycardia that halved heart rate within 3 h, which then remained stable at 5 bpm for 33 h of anoxia. Cardiac output, however, was reduced by only ~33%, suggesting metabolite, hormone and waste transport remain important during anoxia. Furthermore, cardiac power output remained unchanged during anoxia. Thus, cardiac metabolic rate is not suppressed and its routine cardiac ATP demand is met through glycolysis and circulating blood glucose.
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Anstiss, Julie. "Venous control in a primitive fish Eptatretus cirrhatus." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1752.

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Only a small amount of the available literature is concerned with venous control in lower vertebrates, such as fish. It has even been suggested that veins in fish are not important factors in active regulation of venous return. Preliminary work carried out for this thesis strongly refuted this assumption, highlighting gaps in the existing literature. As a result of the lack of information pertaining to the physiology of the central venous compartment of the circulation, my objective has been to investigate various aspects of this in the hagfish Eptatretus cirrhatus. Hagfishes, with the lowest arterial blood pressures and highest blood volumes amongst the chordates, are the earliest surviving group to separate off from the chordate lineage. They provide a unique opportunity to investigate likely physiological mechanisms in ancestral chordates. The data presented in this thesis suggest thtat 1) E. cirhatus exhibit some cardiovascular compensation during volume manipulation, however this only occurs with volume loading and not during volume depletion, 2) Veins from E. cirrhatus can respond vasoactively to adrenergic stimulation in vitro and 3) Plasma catecholamines in E. cirrhatus also respond to volume manipulation and provide a potential in vivo mechanism for the control of changes in cardiovascular parameters that were observed during volume loading.
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Robson, Paul. "Biochemical and molecular studies of the cartilaginous endoskeleton of adult lampreys and hagfish." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0006/NQ41298.pdf.

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Depew, Thomas A. "Solid state NMR investigation of protein based biomaterials : Pacific hagfish slime thread and recombinant insect resilin." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29645.

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was employed to investigate the structure and mechanics underlying the material properties of two remarkable biomaterials. Hydrated hagfish intermediate filament (IF) proteins were identified as having a two component nature, consistent with current structural models. One component is relatively rigid and immobile, the other rubbery, in which the protein backbone reorients with correlation times on the order of 60 ns. In order to investigate the role of calcium ions in the formation of hagfish slime, hagfish IFs were exposed to Ca²⁺ ions in solution. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the filaments did bind Ca ions after exposure. These results were variable and depended largely on the preparation technique. Recombinant resilins from Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae were shown to have a highly elastic structure. Direct polarization spectra from each protein were analysed and the majority of the ¹³C peaks assigned successfully. Relaxation measurements report backbone correlation times on a scale of 2 to 8 ns, providing a molecular scale explanation the outstanding macroscopic resilience. Tyrosine residues in the resilin protein exhibited longer correlation times in the aromatic carbons, reflecting decreased mobility near dityrosine crosslinks.
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Hastey, John Pinkerton. "Effects of acute salinity and temperature change on Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii; implications for bycatch post release survival." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37607.

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Hagfish captured as bycatch in a commercial fishery may be exposed to a range of elevated temperatures and reduced salinities when brought to the surface but it is not known how this will affect post-release survival. In this study, hagfish were exposed to all combinations of four salinities (33, 28, 23, and 18 g/l) and three temperatures (7, 16 and 25˚C) and sampled following 1, 3 or 6 h exposure to investigate sub-lethal affects on plasma osmolality, [Na⁺], [Cl⁻], [Mg²⁺], and glucose, hematocrit, mean cell haemoglobin concentration , muscle water content, as well as behavioural responses and survival. An additional group of hagfish were sampled after 48 h of recovery (33 g/l at 7˚C) following 3 h exposure to all salinity/temperature combinations to investigate latent effects of exposures. In general, during exposure to salinity and temperature combinations, plasma osmolality, [Na⁺] and [Cl⁻] decreased as: i) the salinity of exposure was reduced, ii) the duration of exposure was increased or iii) the temperature to which hagfish were exposed was increased. Plasma osmolality did not equilibrate with environmental osmolality within 6 h and appeared to approach an asymptote at 60% equilibration. Behavioural effects were observed during exposure to reduced salinity conditions at all temperatures and included full body contractions, reduced slime production, reduced swimming ability, extended body posture. During exposure to 25˚C, hagfish were often unresponsive to touch. Following 48 h of recovery from 3 h exposure to all salinity/temperature combinations most of the parameters measured were restored, with the exception of plasma glucose levels which remained elevated indicating latent stress. Following recovery from exposure to 23 and 18 g/l at 25˚C, morbidity levels of 14 and 100% were observed. Thus, hagfish captured and immediately brought to the surface and released, without exposure to extreme salinity or temperatures, may not physiologically be negatively affected by a catch and release fishery however, diminished survival should be expected if exposure salinity approaches 18 g/l or water temperature approaches 25˚C. Future research should address the implications of observed behaviours on release survival of hagfish in a natural setting.
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Taylor, Josi R. "Intestinal HCO3- Secretion in Fish: A Widespread Mechanism with Newly Recognized Physiological Functions." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/263.

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Intestinal HCO3- secretion and the excretion of resultant CaCO3 precipitates have become a recognized characteristic of seawater osmoregulation in teleosts; however, this is the first report of this osmoregulatory strategy outside of teleosts and also includes evidence for its use in green turtles, Chelonia mydas. Furthermore, the effects of feeding on intestinal HCO3- secretion were newly investigated in teleosts. Intestinal base secretion via apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange was found to increase following feeding, at a magnitude sufficient to offset the "alkaline tide" commonly associated with digestion. Intestinal HCO3- secretion in marine teleosts draws HCO3- from both endogenous (via hydration of intracellular CO2) and serosal (blood) sources, of which serosal HCO3- was found to contribute a greater proportion to the elevated postprandial intestinal base secretion measured in gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta. The mechanism by which this serosal HCO3- crosses the basolateral membrane for subsequent secretion into the intestinal lumen was confirmed in toadfish to be a basolateral Na+/HCO3- co-transporter, tfNBCe1. Furthermore, the isolated intestinal tissue was found to have a high metabolic rate in both control and postprandial toadfish, with respect to that of the whole animal, and shows a considerable specific dynamic action (SDA) response to feeding. Overall, this dissertation provides evidence for the widespread use of intestinal HCO3- secretion as a strategy of marine osmoregulation across aquatic taxa, and also for its newly recognized involvement in postprandial acid-base balance.
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Martin, Kyle J. "Genomic characterization of cyclostome Dlx gene family members: Insight into the evolution of the chordate genome and body plan from the organizational and transcriptional regulatory properties of Dlx genes in the petromyzontiformes (lamprey) and the hyperotreti (Hagfish)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28234.

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Gnathostome novelties include jaws, paired appendages, and true teeth. Dlx genes encode transcription factors indispensable for embryonic development of these novelties. Gnathostomes possess at least 6 Dlx genes organized in 3 bi-gene clusters, a physical arrangement which is proposed to affect their expression though shared enhancer elements. I studied the Dlx genes of Cyclostomes, the evolutionary sister group of Gnathostomes. I identified 4 novel members of the Dlx gene family in hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii), and confirmed the presence of 6 Dlx genes in lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus). I found that Cyclostomes have only 1 gene cluster and several orphan genes. This lack of conserved arrangement is coincident with an absence of conserved Dlx enhancers. Irregardless, some regulatory conservation is still apparent as lamprey non-coding DNA is able to drive dlx specific expression patterns of reporter genes in zebrafish. Therefore Cyclostome and Gnathostome Dlx are both organized and regulated differently. The causes and consequences of these changes in Chordate evolution are discussed.
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Braun, Christopher B. "The sensory biology of hagfishes (Craniata: Myxinoidea) /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9724888.

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Books on the topic "Hagfish"

1

Disgusting hagfish. New York, NY: Bearport Pub., 2009.

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A hagfish called Shirley. New York, New York: Dial Books for Young Readers, an imprint of Penguin Group (USA) LLC, 2014.

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Baukus, Adam. Trap to rear eggs from newly caught hagfish: T.R.E.N.C.H. [Durham, N.H.?]: Sea Grant, New Hampshire/Maine, 2001.

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Melvin, Edward F. Development of the west coast fishery for Pacific hagfish: Final report. [Seattle, Wash: Washington Sea Grant Program, 1992.

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Jørgensen, Jørgen Mørup, Jens Peter Lomholt, Roy E. Weber, and Hans Malte. The Biology of Hagfishes. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5834-3.

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Edwards, Susan L., and Gregory G. Goss, eds. Hagfish Biology. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b18935.

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Edwards, Susan L., and Gregory G. Goss. Hagfish Biology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Slime Crimes: Hagfish. Bearport Publishing, 2018.

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How To Snog A Hagfish Disgusting Things In The Sea. Adlard Coles Nautical Press, 2012.

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Sexuality and embryogenesis of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa: S.E.A.H. [Durham, N.H.?]: Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Hampshire, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hagfish"

1

Wright, Glenda M., Fred W. Keeley, and M. Edwin DeMont. "Hagfish Cartilage." In The Biology of Hagfishes, 160–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5834-3_11.

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Fago, Angela, and Roy E. Weber. "Hagfish Haemoglobins." In The Biology of Hagfishes, 321–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5834-3_21.

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Fernholm, Bo. "Hagfish Systematics." In The Biology of Hagfishes, 33–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5834-3_3.

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Reddy, Narendra, and Yiqi Yang. "Fibers from Hagfish Proteins." In Innovative Biofibers from Renewable Resources, 193–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45136-6_42.

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Raison, Robert L., and Nicholas J. dos Remedios. "The Hagfish Immune System." In The Biology of Hagfishes, 334–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5834-3_22.

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Emdin, Stefan O., Donald F. Steiner, Sju Jin Chan, and Sture Falkmer. "Hagfish Insulin: Evolution of Insulin." In Evolutionary Biology of Primitive Fishes, 363–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9453-6_19.

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Spitzer, Robert H., and Elizabeth A. Koch. "Hagfish Skin and Slime Glands." In The Biology of Hagfishes, 109–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5834-3_8.

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Hwang, Yura, Theodore A. Uyeno, and Shinjiro Sueda. "Bioinspired Simulation of Knotting Hagfish." In Advances in Visual Computing, 75–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33720-9_6.

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Riegel, Jay A. "Filtration in the Perfused Hagfish Glomerulus." In Fish Physiology: Recent Advances, 153–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6558-7_9.

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Fänge, Ragnar. "Hagfish Blood Cells and their Formation." In The Biology of Hagfishes, 287–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5834-3_18.

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