Academic literature on the topic 'Hair care'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hair care"
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Gray, John. "Hair care and hair care products." Clinics in Dermatology 19, no. 2 (March 2001): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-081x(00)00133-4.
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Shapiro, J. "Hair and Hair Care." Archives of Dermatology 135, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.135.2.219.
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P, Sailekha, and Manu R. Mangalath. "HAIR AND HAIR CARE: AN OVERVIEW." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 11, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.1106192.
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Beautiful and healthy hair is a sign of health and beauty. Knowledge of hair and hair care is important to achieve that. This article reviews the anatomy, diseases and the diagnosis of common hair diseases. It also suggests the general management, nutritional requirements and hair care methods. Hidden harms of the hair products are also discussed. Understanding one's hair problems and managing them rationally can help to maintain the hair and also to revive them.
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Shiffman, Melvin A. "Book Review: Hair and Hair Care." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 15, no. 3 (September 1998): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689801500317.
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REISCH, MARC S. "HAIR CARE PRODUCTS." Chemical & Engineering News 78, no. 12 (March 20, 2000): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n012.p015.
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Draelos, ZoeD. "Essentials of hair care often neglected: Hair cleansing." International Journal of Trichology 2, no. 1 (2010): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-7753.66909.
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Neil, Latisha, and Afiya Mbilishaka. "“Hey Curlfriends!”: Hair Care and Self-Care Messaging on YouTube by Black Women Natural Hair Vloggers." Journal of Black Studies 50, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934718819411.
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Black women with tightly coiled hair are faced with the unique health challenge of abstaining from exercise or other self-care behaviors to maintain hairstyles that are often expensive, time consuming, and conform with Eurocentric standards of beauty. However, recent YouTube natural hair vlogs have emerged to provide a counter-narrative on “do it yourself” hair care practices for highly textured hair. Through a thematic content analysis of the top 20 viewed natural hair YouTube vlogs, findings suggest that Black women vloggers demonstrate product selection through detangling, shampooing, moisturizing, and styling their tightly coiled hair on camera, using their own lived experiences, as both peer and expert to viewers. These vloggers took the role of digital storytellers to describe their personal experiences with self-care in the forms of exercise, eating healthy food, drinking water, medication use, and stress management while maintaining healthy and stylish natural hair. Black female natural hair vloggers disrupt the myths about tightly coiled natural hair and are credible conduits for the distribution of health information aimed at reaching large masses of Black women through sisterhood supported wellness.
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Friedman, Irene, and Michelle Sison. "Equitable Patient Care Includes Equitable Hair Care." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 122, no. 12 (December 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000904024.03295.04.
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Hagihara, Motofumi. "Hair Care Technology to Make Hair Beautiful and Healthy." Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan 50, no. 1 (2016): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5107/sccj.50.2.
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Reynolds, Sarah, and Meg Sorg. "Hair Care Catered to You." Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement 8, no. 1 (2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317416.
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People of color face barriers in healthcare every day, and my goal was to address one of these barriers. Healthcare settings stock products that are tailored for Caucasian hair and skin, so I wanted to add products targeted for Black patients' skin and hair. I added shampoo and lotion to the supply closet of Peyton Manning Children's Hospital as well as bonnets and durags for the patients to wrap their hair in to protect it while they sleep or rest. African American hair and skin requires different care. This is something that often goes unnoticed by healthcare professionals, and I wanted to bring it to their attention. In order to support the Black Lives Matter movement, I chose products from black-owned businesses. I felt that the BLM movement was the heart and inspiration for this project, so choosing products from black-owned businesses felt appropriate.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hair care"
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Wang, Haihong. "Co-designing hair care experience." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1291052568.
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Holmes, Helen. "Hair, the hairdresser and the everyday practices of women's hair care." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522412.
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Hargro, Brina. "Hair Matters: African American Women and the Natural Hair Aesthetic." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/95.
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This thesis addresses the negative cultural and social connotations of natural hair for African American women. This issue is examined throughout history from slavery to present day with a visual analysis of hair care advertisements. Presently, natural hair is gaining more positive implications; which can be affected by creating more positive images with natural hair. Using art as the vehicle for social change and using research to inform art has a positive impact on teaching and learning in the art classroom.
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Shern, Stacy N. "My Hair or Health: Investigating the Impact of Hair Care and Maintenance on the Health of African American Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin149131762738866.
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Mitchell, Dove Lakindra Michelle. "Got Hair that Flows in the Wind: The Complexity of Hair and Identity among African American Female Adolescents in Foster Care." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2321.
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African American children are disproportionately over-represented in the child welfare system. Many of these children linger in the system and experience disconnection from their biological families, communities, cultural beliefs, values, and practices. Familial socialization and cultural exposure are essential to developing a positive ethnic identity and self-concept. For African American female adolescents, hair and hair care are critical areas for such socialization and support. This qualitative study explored the hair and hair care perceptions and experiences of African American female adolescents in foster care. The goal was to examine hair and hair's connection to, and influence on, sense of self and self-esteem for African American female adolescents in foster care.
Eleven African American female adolescents participated in individual interviews, and grounded theory was used to analyze the data. Four major themes emerged: hair care, perception of hair and identity as an African American female, societal influences on self-awareness, and influence of the foster care system. Results from the study indicated African American female adolescents in foster care identify hair as important. Participants noted hair is connected to appearance and shapes who they are and how they view themselves as African American females. Participants addressed the complexity of hair and politics associated with hair. The findings further emphasized the role of racial socialization and the importance of a supportive hair care environment. Participants also discussed their awareness of societal influences on their perception of African American women. They offered recommendations for improving the hair care experiences of African American children in foster care, for supporting positive development of identity and self-esteem, and for implementing standards of practice that will ensure these youths' cultural needs are addressed in the child welfare system.
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Kristoffersson, Rickard, and Auksė Silickaitė. "Beauty and Aesthetics : A study of the Professional Hair Care Industry in Sweden." Thesis, Linköping University, Business Administration, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57976.
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Background: Beauty is a subject which is not easy to grasp especially as it is perceived differently. In advertising it is expressed through aesthetic messages and images which we relate to symbolic and social meanings. The professional hair care industry in Sweden serves as a good example where the creation of aesthetic experience influences consumer purchasing behaviour.
Purpose: The purpose of our thesis is to study how consumers´ subjective view on beauty and aesthetics can be influenced by the professional hair care industry and how a market is created for products which mainly satisfy emotional needs rather than fulfil utilitarian function.
Research Method: In our study we have applied an abductive research method approach. The empirical findings were based on 3 interviews with P&G Salon Professional representatives and 15 end consumers combined with a survey, conducted in 25 hair salons in the city of Linköping.
Conclusion: Consumers act in a socially constructed world in which products are shaped around impulse and feeling rather than their rationality. When buying a professional hair care product people receive much more than the actual product itself. People improve not only physical appearance but they also feel beautiful from within. While the utilitarian function is basically the same in both professional hair care and retail products, the former contributes to higher degree of satisfaction.
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Conradsson, Moa, and Lovisa Sundh. "Skin and hair, why care? : En kvalitativ semiotisk analys av rakvårdsföretagen Gillette Venus och Billies reklamfilmer." Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51759.
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The following study covers the process and results of a semiotic analysis of Gillette Venus’ and Billie’s advertisements on Youtube. The intention is to compare how two brands within the same industry portray femininity and how it relates to traditional gender norms and stereotypes. The study aims to contribute with knowledge regarding how commodity feminism is used as a marketing strategy in advertisements. The chosen material consists of six advertisements, three advertisements were produced by Gillette Venus and the remaining three were produced by Billie. The study was implemented through a combination of semiotic tools such as signs, codes, symbols, denotations and connotations, which enabled us to apply our social and cultural values on the analysis. Theories related to advertising, gender norms and stereotypes, femininity and commodity feminism have been used to assure validity. Both Gillette Venus and Billie use commodity feminism as a marketing strategy, which challenges traditional norms and stereotypes. It takes form in female empowerment and body positivity and is related to the product, but their courses of action differ, which distinguishes the brands’ images from each other. Gillette Venus focuses on normalizing skin conditions that oppose normative female skin, meanwhile Billie communicates feministic messages by encouraging women to feel comfortable whether they choose to remove body hair or not. Gillette Venus’ and Billie’s feministic messages are communicated in connection with their products, but the advertisements focus on women empowerment rather than the functions of the shaving products. Therefore, our predominant conclusion is that feministic discourses are used to benefit the brands’ economic and commercial values. Their positions are strengthened through promoting their shaving products as a sign of feminine power.
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Persson, Kristina, and Charlotte Wadström. "Vilken omvårdnad får den polikliniska patienten vid cytostatikabehandling för att uppleva livskvalitet." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för hälso- och naturvetenskap, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1652.
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Every year an avorage of 40 000 Swedes fall ill with different forms of cancer. Chemotheraphy has an effect on the tumour cells as well as the healthy cells in the body, this causes many side effects which can be very problematic for the patient. The study was carried out in order to indicate the care measures that are taken to deal with the side effects i. e stomatit, loss of hair and sickness/vomiting, that are connected with chemotheraphy so that the outpatients will experience a quality of life. The method used was a qualitative interview with six nurses from the South if Sweden, all of whom are working with chemotheraphy patients. The results showed that the nurses thought that quality of life was individual, in their care work the patients needs and valuations were used as a starting point. Aside form the specific care measures for respective side-effects they put an emphasis on talking and giving information to patients. In addition, they indicated the relationship they had with their patients. Accordi ng to them a good relation to the patient is a prerequisite of good care work.
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Hielscher, S. "Are you worth it? : a practice-orientated approach to everyday hair care to inform sustainable consumption strategies." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2011. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/333/.
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This thesis investigates the potential in applying a practice-orientated approach to women’s everyday hair care routines to inform sustainable design and sustainable consumption strategies. It seeks to develop an understanding of the multi-relational elements that make up the practice and to recognise how these elements influence what women do to their hair, and how often, and how these actions therefore impact on resource use. A practice-orientated approach is argued to provide insights into aspects of the dynamics of everyday life that can help design for sustainability to engage with the complexities of routines that are not accessible to current sustainability strategies. This thesis builds on Shove’s (2004; 2003) work on sustainable consumption. Shove (2004) has identified some limitations of current sustainable consumption approaches that try to address people’s behaviours and consider the environmental and social implications of products in their use phase. She has recognised that everyday routines are complex and difficult to change through approaches that only consider people’s attitudes towards the environment and choices they might make to change their behaviours. In order to overcome such limitations, Shove (2004) has advocated an alternative approach inspired by practice theory (Reckwitz 2002). Her recommendation instigated the need for this research study that examines whether explorative research orientated to practices remedies the current limitations. It does this by reflecting on the potential for design to change practices. A practice-orientated approach offers a way forward for sustainable designers to look beyond individual behaviours and products to the embodied skills, emotions, temporalities, cultural knowledge and ideas that Schatzki (1996; 2002) has identified as making a practice. This approach emphasises what people consider ‘normal’ ways of life and the performance of everyday routines. Cycles of the practice enactments rely on the co-evolution of the interconnected elements; their reconfiguration often leads to practices changing, with design implicated in such changes. A practice-orientated approach required that the practicalities and processes of hair care routines be witnessed. This could only be accomplished through an in-depth involvement in women’s lives by drawing on an ethnographic methodology. The research is based upon in-depth and evocative interviews in women’s homes, interviews with hair care ‘experts’ and a creative workshop at Boots the Chemist. The research into women’s hair care developed themes surrounding the role of products, the performance of hair care routines, the cycles of their enactment and the influence of social relations, that together, provided insights into aspects of the dynamics of everyday practices. The literature of material culture, practice theory and design aided the process of focusing on the materialisation of the practice of hair care. Using an explorative and practice-orientated approach, this thesis establishes a contextualisation and empirical verification of the identified deficiencies of current sustainability approaches through an examination of Boots’ product development process. In relation to practices changing, the thesis establishes a deeper understanding of the practice of hair care, including a detailed account of the interconnectedness of its elements, its stability and instability. This understanding has led to an identification of some key factors, including designs that stabilise and destabilise practices and can therefore reinforce current routines but also potentially can bring about change. The thesis argues that an understanding of these factors is not accessible to either Boots’ product development process or current sustainability strategies. It is anticipated that the research will be of particular interest to sustainable design researchers who are interested in changing everyday practices and academics who examine the conceptions of practice theory and the practice of hair care.
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Menzel, Jasmin Patricia. "Synthesis of novel polymeric materials with potential application in hair care products : combining controlled radical polymerisation and polymer modification." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80263/.
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It was the original aim of this project to develop new, potentially stimuli sensitive materials with interesting architectures for potential application in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners or styling products. Furthermore, various methods for the introduction of silicon functionalities into such polymers were investigated. Several methods of controlled radical polymerisation were combined with polymer end group modification to achieve these goals. Initially, polymerisation of several dimethacrylate monomers under catalytic chain transfer (CCT) conditions was optimised with regard to monomer conversion and control of Mw, thus preventing macro-gelation. CCTP is an excellent method for the synthesis of low molecular weight polymers retaining terminal vinyl groups which can be subsequently exploited for end group modification. Polymerising dimethacrylates under these conditions, the formation of highly branched architectures and the retention of a larger number of pendent vinyl groups adds more interesting aspects to synthesised materials. The incorporation of silicon functionalities was attempted in two ways: Via polymerisation of poly(dimethyl siloxane) dimethacrylates and via copolymerisation of a silicon containing monofunctional methacrylate with EGDMA. One of the PDMS dimethacrylates employed for CCTP was synthesed from a silanol terminated PDMS, attempting to introduce hydrolysable functionality and thus yielding potentially hydrolysable, hyperbranched polymers. Michael thiol-ene addition was subsequently used to decorate the pendant vinyl groups in CCTP polymers with a range of thiols, yielding highly functionalised polymers with hyperbranched architecture and low molecular weights. Following up on the idea of developing potentially hydrolysable, silicon containing polymers the synthesis of triblock copolymers with a PDMS middle block was attempted. PDMS dimethacrylates (silanol) were reacted with various thiols, ranging from small functional thiols like benzyl mercaptan or thioglycerol to PEG-thiols obtained via end group modification of mPEGs to aminolysed polymers previously synthesised by RAFT polymerisation. This part of the project was subsequently modified and an alternative approach for the synthesis of PDMS containing amphiphilic di- and triblock copolymers was investigated: Mono- and difunctional PDMS macroinitiators suitable for both ATRP and SET-LRP were synthesised via functionalisation of carbinol terminated PDMS. ATRP and SET-LRP were subsequently compared in the polymerisation of OEGMEMA monomers using these macroinitiators. Thermo-responsitivity of aqueous solutions of the resulting di- and triblock copolymers was studied using turbidimetry and Dynamic Light Scattering. Phase transitions in bulk were characterised by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and thermal stability was investigated via Thermogravimetric Analysis.
Books on the topic "Hair care"
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Romanowski, Perry. Hair care formulation for all hair types. Carol Stream, IL: Allured Business Media, 2011.
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Berthiaume, M. D. Silicones in hair care. New York: Society of Cosmetic Chemists, 1997.
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Kenney, Karen Latchana. Hair care tips & tricks. Minneapolis: Lerner Publishing Group, 2016.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Hair care"
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Sprinzl, Linda Agresta. "Hair Care." In Encyclopedia of Women’s Health, 541–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_181.
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Simmons, John V. "Hair Care." In Science and the Beauty Business, 173–80. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19705-7_18.
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Palladino, Leo. "Hair Care." In The Principles and Practice of Hairdressing, 220–32. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19898-6_15.
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Theisler, Charles. "Gray Hair." In Adjuvant Medical Care, 147. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22898-161.
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Shipp, J. J. "Hair-care products." In Chemistry and Technology of the Cosmetics and Toiletries Industry, 32–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2268-9_2.
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Shipp, J. J. "Hair-care products." In Chemistry and Technology of the Cosmetics and Toiletries Industry, 36–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1555-8_2.
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Buckley, David. "Hair Loss and Hair Growth." In Textbook of Primary Care Dermatology, 347–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29101-3_40.
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Draelos, Zoe Diana. "Care of Aging Hair and Photoprotection." In Aging Hair, 183–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02636-2_17.
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Wong, Jerry. "Postoperative Care." In Hair Restoration Surgery in Asians, 247–48. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99659-0_51.
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Rogers, Nicole E. "Cosmeceuticals for Hair Loss and Hair Care." In Cosmeceuticals and Cosmetic Practice, 234–44. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118384824.ch24.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Hair care"
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Hahn, Jaesik, Tikyna Dandridge, Priya Seshadri, Amy Marconnet, and Tahira Reid. "Integrating Design Methodology, Thermal Sciences, and Customer Needs to Address Challenges in the Hair Care Industry." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46551.
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Although the hair care industry is a multi-billion dollar industry, there still remains a dearth in the available technologies and research methods to answer one simple question: What temperature and frequency of use will lead to permanent structural damage (i.e. heat damage) to curly hair? Currently, trained professionals in the hair industry cannot predict when heat damage will occur and often rely on heuristics and intuition in their hair care approaches. In addition, scientists that have conducted studies with heat and hair have often used European hair types, which cannot be generalized to all ethnic groups; they have also conducted experiments that are not ecologically consistent with individuals’ use context. As a result, a number of lay scientists have emerged whose use contexts are ecologically valid, but are lacking the experimental and quantitative rigor that engineers can provide. In this work, we discuss an interdisciplinary approach to integrating customer needs, design methodology, and thermal sciences for application to the hair care industry. We discuss the formulation of a predictive model, the design of an experimental test-bed for collecting data, and present initial results.
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Kothalawala, Malki, and Samantha Thelijjagoda. "Aspect-based sentiment analysis on hair care product reviews." In 2020 International Research Conference on Smart Computing and Systems Engineering (SCSE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scse49731.2020.9313040.
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Gitis, Norm, Ilja Hermann, Suresh Kuiry, and Vishal Khosla. "Comprehensive Nano-Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of Hair." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44031.
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This paper presents test procedures and results of tribological and mechanical characterization of hair, treated with various shampoo and conditioners. They allow for a comprehensive functional comparison of hair care products.
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Likely, Rasheda. "The Development of the Culturally Sustaining Science Curriculum Lotions and Potions: Science Through Hair Care." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1891572.
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Чанчаева, Елена Анатольевна, Виталий Сергеевич Лапин, Ольга Викторовна Кузнецова, Татьяна Калауиденовна Куриленко, and Сергей Сергеевич Сидоров. "ON THE ISSUE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ATMOSPHERIC AIR OF THE URBAN AGGLOMERATION OF THE ALTAI REPUBLIC." In Национальная безопасность России: актуальные аспекты: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Май 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nb185.2020.23.63.004.
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Оценивали степень накопления тяжелых металлов в волосах домашних животных ( Canis lupus familiaris ) уличного содержания в условиях г. Горно-Алтайска. Оценку металлов (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn) в волосах животных проводили атомно-абсорбционным методом. Установили, что концентрация Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn не превышает допустимые показатели. У большей части животных содержание Cd в волосах в 3.4 раза выше нормированного значения. The degree of accumulation of heavy metals in the hair of domestic animals ( Canis lupus familiaris ) of street care in Gorno-Altaisk was assessed. The content of metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn) in animal hair was evaluated by atomic absorption method. It was found that the concentration of Pb, Cr, Cu and Mn does not exceed acceptable values. In most animals, the Cd content in the hair is 3.4 times higher than the limit value.
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Albu-Kaya, Mădălina Georgiana, Mihaela-Violeta Ghica, Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu, Lăcrămioara Popa, Elena Dănilă, Ciprian Chelaru, Valentina Anuța, Durmuș Alpaslan Kaya, Marina-Theodora Talianu, and Ana-Maria Stavri. "Hair Masks Based on Keratin and Collagen." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.ii.2.
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The study aimed to develop and characterize some O/W emulsions, designed as nourishing hair masks. The cosmetic formulations based on collagen hydrolysate, keratin, and natural ingredients (essential and vegetable oils) were organoleptically evaluated. The pH, morphological, superficial, and rheological properties were assessed as a physicochemical background. The rheological measurements were performed at 23 and 32°C, and the shear stress versus shear rate ascending and descending rheograms were built, together with the flow profiles of viscosity as a function of shear rate. The cosmetic emulsions were stable at temperature variation and the pH values were considered physiologically acceptable for the skin, indicating that formulations can be safely applied for cosmetic purposes. Results from the optical microscopy analysis showed that all emulsions presented a creamy and non-greasy appearance. The superficial profiles, quantified through contact angle at solid/liquid interface, were specific for hydrophilic formulations. The emulsions showed pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior, facilitating the formulations’ flow and the topical application. The Power law model was used to quantify the flow properties, and the thixotropic analysis was conducted using particular descriptors, namely thixotropic area, and thixotropic index. The designed emulsions presented appropriate physicochemical properties for cosmetic applications in hair care.
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Yang, Brian, Anne Mu, Jochen Kleinen, and Joachim Venzmer. "How to Achieve Greater Sustainability in Hair Care Conditioning with Enhanced Performance: Rescued by Ester Quats." In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.402.
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Aalto-Korte, Kristiina, Ritva Kurimo, Jaana Laitinen, Maria Pesonen, Esa-Pekka Takala, and Marjo Anneli Poutanen. "CONTINUING VOCATIONAL TRAINING FOR TEACHERS IN BEAUTY AND HAIR CARE – TEACHERS ACT AS ACTIVE DEVELOPERS OF THEIR WORK AND ENGAGE IN TRANSFERRING GOOD PRACTICES TO THEIR STUDENTS." In International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2016.0152.
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Barbier, Charlotte, Joseph A. C. Humphrey, John Paulus, and Michael Appleby. "Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Bioinspired Hybrid Hair-Like Fluid Motion Sensor Array." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43006.
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Many animals detect motions in air and water by means of specialized hair-like sensilla that respond with high sensitivity and specificity to the fluid medium motion. For a review see Humphrey and Barth (2007). Examples are the filiform hairs of arthropods such as arachnids, crustaceans and insects, and the vibrissae of seals. In the case of the arthropods the sensors are relatively small (diameter ∼ 5–10 microns, length ∼ 100 – 1000 microns). In the case of seals they are much larger (diameter ∼ 1–2 mm, length ∼ 50 – 150 mm). These sensors are generally clustered in arrays consisting of hairs of different lengths which, for example, in the case of the cricket Grillus bimaculatus and the spider Cupiennius salei can result in frequency fractionation of the motion signals detected. We have designed, fabricated and tested a new type of hybrid sensor array that embodies favorable features taken from the spider trichobothria (such as the flexible membrane structure that supports a trichobotrium) and the seal vibrissae (such as the larger hair length). Each sensor in the array is embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) platform that simulates the spider trichobothrium membrane. Four pairs of capacitors associated with each sensor allow the N-S and E-W detection of fluid motion parallel to the plane of the platform. Sensitivities in the order of few picofarads per 0.5° angular displacements of the sensors are obtained. Measurements and modeling of the sensor array are presented and discussed.
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Almeida, Ekmagage Don N., Leela Rakesh, Stanley Hirschi, and Anja Mueller. "Solution Rheology of Saline and Polysaccharide Systems." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15906.
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The problem of the characterization of the solution properties of water soluble polymers is long-standing. These polymers tend to form aggregated supramolecular gels that are resistant to molecular dispersion. These materials are being widely used in a variety of industrial applications. Their principle functions are as rheological modifiers, where they thicken or gel solutions in products such as hair-care, detergents, air fresheners and foods; as flocculants for particle separation as applied to water clarification, sewage, and effluent treatment, and as stabilizers to control the properties of concentrated suspension and emulsions, for example in paints, pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore it is important to understand their rheological properties under various operating conditions such as stress, strain, temperature etc, which will induce gelation. The rheological properties of starch gels of high concentration (up to 86% starch) have been investigated before [1]. In this paper we have investigated experimentally the shear viscosity and viscoelasticity properties of saline and polysaccharide suspensions at various low concentrations and pH at different temperatures using controlled stress and strain rheometers (Vilastic-3 and AR 2000). The data were then fitted with the power law and Cross model for low and higher concentrations respectively. The present results show that the viscosity/elasticity does not significantly change for low concentrations at different pH values. The maximum viscosity/elasticity was obtained around pH 5-7.4 at higher concentrations.
Reports on the topic "Hair care"
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Mitchell Dove, Lakindra. Got Hair that Flows in the Wind: The Complexity of Hair and Identity among African American Female Adolescents in Foster Care. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2318.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Eshel, Amram, Jonathan P. Lynch, and Kathleen M. Brown. Physiological Regulation of Root System Architecture: The Role of Ethylene and Phosphorus. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585195.bard.
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Specific Objectives and Related Results: 1) Determine the effect of phosphorus availability on ethylene production by roots. Test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability regulates ethylene production Clear differences were found between the two plants that were studied. In beans ethylene production is affected by P nutrition, tissue type, and stage of development. There are genotypic differences in the rate of ethylene production by various root types and in the differential in ethylene production when P treatments are compared. The acceleration in ethylene production with P deficiency increases with time. These findings support the hypothesis that ethylene production may be enhanced by phosphorus deficiency, and that the degree of enhancement varies with genotype. In tomatoes the low-P level did not enhance significantly ethylene production by the roots. Wildtype cultivars and ethylene insensitive mutants behaved similarly in that respect. 2) Characterize the effects of phosphorus availability and ethylene on the architecture of whole root systems. Test the hypothesis that both ethylene and low phosphorus availability modify root architecture. In common bean, the basal roots give rise to a major fraction of the whole root system. Unlike other laterals these roots respond to gravitropic stimulation. Their growth angle determines the proportion of the root length in the shallow layers of the soil. A correlation between ethylene production and basal root angle was found in shallow rooted but not deep-rooted genotypes, indicating that acceleration of ethylene synthesis may account for the change in basal root angle in genotypes demonstrating a plastic response to P availability. Short-time gravitropic response of the tap roots of young bean seedlings was not affected by P level in the nutrient solution. Low phosphorus specifically increases root hair length and root hair density in Arabidopsis. We tested 7 different mutants in ethylene perception and response and in each case, the response to low P was lower than that of the wild-type. The extent of reduction in P response varied among the mutants, but every mutant retained some responsiveness to changes in P concentration. The increase in root hair density was due to the increase in the number of trichoblast cell files under low P and was not mediated by ethylene. Low P did not increase the number of root hairs forming from atrichoblasts. This is in contrast to ethylene treatment, which increased the number of root hairs partly by causing root hairs to form on atrichoblasts. 3) Assess the adaptive value of root architectural plasticity in response to phosphorus availability. A simulation study indicated that genetic variation for root architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. The fractal dimension of tomato root system was directly correlated with P level.
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Mason, Dyana, and Miranda Menard. The Impact of Ride Hail Services on the Accessibility of Nonprofit Services. Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.260.
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Nonprofit organizations are responsible for providing a significant level of human services across the United States, often in collaboration with government agencies. In this work, they address some of the most pressing social issues in society – including homelessness, poverty, health care and education. While many of these organizations consider location and accessibility crucial to supporting their clients – often locating services near bus or train stops, for example – little is known about the impact of new technologies, including ride hail services like Lyft and Uber, on nonprofit accessibility. These technologies, which are re-shaping transportation in both urban and suburban communities, are expected to dramatically shift how people move around and the accessibility of services they seek. This exploratory qualitative study, making use of interviews with nonprofit executives and nonprofit clients, is among the first of its kind to measure the impact of ride hail services and other emerging technologies on community mobility and accessibility.
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Aas, Randi Wågø, Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen, Hildegunn Sagvaag, Lise Haveraaen, and Åsa Sjøgren. Alkoholbruk og alkoholkultur i en transportbedrift: En case-rapport fra forskningsprosjektet WIRUS. University of Stavanger, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.212.
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Nesten ni av ti arbeidstakere drikker alkohol. Dette blir ofte forklart med alle de positive aspektene bruk av alkohol har i sosiale sammenhenger. En kartlegging utført av Statistisk sentralbyrå viser imidlertid at 17 prosent av befolkningen har et drikkemønster som kan betegnes som risikofylt (Halkjelsvik & Storvoll, 2014). Økt alkoholkonsum, herunder også arbeidsrelatert alkoholkonsum, henger blant annet sammen med økt tilgjengelighet til alkohol (Frøyland, 2005). Alkoholkonsum på et risikofylt nivå er forbundet med sosiale, medisinske, jobbrelaterte og økonomiske problemstillinger (Babor, Higgins-Biddle, Saunders & Monteiro, 2001). Det er vanskelig å gi et klart svar på hvor grensen for risikofylt drikking går. Grenseverdier på 14 alkoholenheter1 pr. uke for kvinner og 21 enheter pr. uke for menn har blitt foreslått (Fauske, 1993). Babor mfl. (2001) har fremhevet at såkalt "lavrisikodrikking" innebærer maksimalt 20 gram alkohol pr. dag maksimalt 5 dager i uken. Det amerikanske National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2016) understreker at grenseverdien for risikodrikking går ved 7 enheter pr. uke (og maksimalt 3 enheter på én dag) for kvinner og ved 14 enheter pr. uke (og maksimalt 4 enheter på én dag) for menn. Likevel vil slike grenseverdier alltid være kulturspesifikke og individuelle. I Norge har man funnet det hensiktsmessig å operere med verdier på 8 alkoholenheter pr. uke for kvinner og 13 enheter pr. uke for menn (Nesvåg & Lie, 2004). Forskning har vist at det er behov for å kartlegge mer enn bare antall alkoholenheter over tid for å vite noe om reell risikodrikking. Eksempelvis vil forhold som hvor mye en drikker ved hver situasjon kunne medføre mer negative konsekvenser for sykefravær enn hvor mye en typisk drikker over en gitt periode (Bacharach, Bamberger & Biron, 2010). Dette kan forklares ved at helsekonsekvenser av høyt gjennomsnittsforbruk først viser seg over tid, mens episoder med stordrikking (såkalt binge-drikking der en drikker store mengder alkohol ved én og samme anledning, ofte målt som >6 enheter) gjerne medfører midlertidige funksjonsnedsettelser (eksempelvis "fyllesyke") som kan resultere i sykefravær (Bacharach mfl., 2010; Salonsalmi, Laaksonen, Lahlema & Rahkonen, 2009) eller sykenærvær, dvs. å være på jobben uten å kunne yte som normalt. Individuelle forskjeller vil også spille en rolle med hensyn til hva som er risikofylt drikking. Det er individuelt hvor mye en tåler, og andre aspekter ved livsstilen, for eksempel om en er fysisk aktiv, vil kunne påvirke hvor mye en kan drikke før negative konsekvenser inntreffer. For enkelte grupper vil ethvert alkoholinntak kunne betraktes som risikofylt. Dette gjelder for eksempel: (1) personer som skal kjøre bil eller håndtere maskiner/verktøy, (2) personer som bruker medisiner som interagerer med alkohol, (3) personer som har en medisinsk tilstand som kan forverres av alkohol, og (4) personer som er gravide (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2016). I Norge drikkes det lite i direkte arbeidssituasjoner, men alkoholbruk relatert til arbeidssammenhenger hevdes å være utbredt (Frøyland, 2005). Sammenkomster som inkluderer alkohol foregår da utenfor primærarbeidstiden, men i regi av arbeidsplassen, kunder/klienter eller på initiativ fra kollegaer. Bruk av alkohol skjer dermed i gråsoner mellom arbeid og fritid. Nesvåg (2005) fant at 23 prosent av det samlede alkoholkonsumet blant et utvalg ansatte i privat norsk næringsliv var arbeidsrelatert. Flere studier har pekt på at ansatte, både på ledernivå og medarbeidernivå, har positive forventninger til jobbrelatert alkoholbruk, herunder forventninger om at alkohol er en effektiv strategi for å mestre arbeidsbelastninger og at alkohol bidrar til å skape gode fellesskap og sosiale relasjoner (Cooper, Russell & Frone, 1990; Henderson, Hutcheson & Davies, 1996). Normer og forventninger utvikles og formes i relasjonelt samspill, blant annet på arbeidsplassen (Kjærheim, Mykletun, Aasland, Haldorsen & Andersen, 1995) og disse normene og forventningene påvirker ansattes alkoholvaner (Ames & Janes, 1992). Ansattes alkoholnormer og –forventninger kan således betraktes som uttrykk for en felles kultur på arbeidsplassen, som i større eller mindre grad kan gjenspeiles i de ansattes alkoholbruk. Tradisjonelt sett har det vært gruppen med store alkoholproblemer som har fått tilbud og oppmerksomhet gjennom arbeidsplassens helse-, miljø- og sikkerhetsarbeid. Her har man i de senere årene sett en endring i retning av økt fokus på den betydelig større gruppen som drikker risikofylt. Dette er bakgrunnen for prosjektet WIRUS, som er finansiert av Helsedirektoratet. I prosjektet deltar blant annet en privat transportbedrift. Denne rapporten er en presentasjon av denne bedriftens resultater fra fire av temaene som inngår i WIRUS-studien: (1) alkoholbruk, (2) arbeidsrelaterte alkoholnormer, (3) forventninger til alkoholbruk, og (4) situasjoner tilknyttet den aktuelle bedriften der ansatte eksponeres for alkohol.
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Haveraaen, Lise, Randi Wågø Aas, Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen, Hildegunn Sagvaag, and Lisebet Skeie Skarpaas. Alkoholbruk og alkoholkultur i en industribedrift: En case-rapport fra forskningsprosjektet WIRUS. University of Stavanger, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.216.
Full textAbstract:
Nesten ni av ti arbeidstakere drikker alkohol. Dette blir ofte forklart med alle de positive aspektene bruk av alkohol har i sosiale sammenhenger. En kartlegging utført av Statistisk sentralbyrå viser imidlertid at 17 prosent av befolkningen har et drikkemønster som kan betegnes som risikofylt (Halkjelsvik & Storvoll, 2014). Økt alkoholkonsum, herunder også arbeidsrelatert alkoholkonsum, henger blant annet sammen med økt tilgjengelighet til alkohol (Frøyland, 2005). Alkoholkonsum på et risikofylt nivå er forbundet med sosiale, medisinske, jobbrelaterte og økonomiske problemstillinger (Babor, Higgins-Biddle, Saunders & Monteiro, 2001). Det er vanskelig å gi et klart svar på hvor grensen for risikofylt drikking går. Grenseverdier på 14 alkoholenheter pr. uke for kvinner og 21 enheter pr. uke for menn har blitt foreslått (Fauske, 1993). Babor mfl. (2001) har fremhevet at såkalt "lavrisikodrikking" innebærer maksimalt 20 gram alkohol pr. dag maksimalt 5 dager i uken. Det amerikanske National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2016) understreker at grenseverdien for risikodrikking går ved 7 enheter pr. uke (og maksimalt 3 enheter på én dag) for kvinner og ved 14 enheter pr. uke (og maksimalt 4 enheter på én dag) for menn. Likevel vil slike grenseverdier alltid være kulturspesifikke og individuelle. I Norge har man funnet det hensiktsmessig å operere med verdier på 8 alkoholenheter pr. uke for kvinner og 13 enheter pr. uke for menn (Nesvåg & Lie, 2004). Forskning har vist at det er behov for å kartlegge mer enn bare antall alkoholenheter over tid for å vite noe om reell risikodrikking. Eksempelvis vil forhold som hvor mye en drikker ved hver situasjon kunne medføre mer negative konsekvenser for sykefravær enn hvor mye en typisk drikker over en gitt periode (Bacharach, Bamberger & Biron, 2010). Dette kan forklares ved at helsekonsekvenser av høyt gjennomsnittsforbruk først viser seg over tid, mens episoder med stordrikking (såkalt binge-drikking der en drikker store mengder alkohol ved én og samme anledning) gjerne medfører midlertidige funksjonsnedsettelser (eksempelvis "fyllesyke") som kan resultere i sykefravær (Bacharach mfl., 2010; Salonsalmi, Laaksonen, Lahlema & Rahkonen, 2009) eller sykenærvær, dvs. å være på jobben uten å kunne yte som normalt. Individuelle forskjeller vil også spille en rolle med hensyn til hva som er risikofylt drikking. Det er individuelt hvor mye en tåler, og andre aspekter ved livsstilen, for eksempel om en er fysisk aktiv, vil kunne påvirke hvor mye en kan drikke før negative konsekvenser inntreffer. For enkelte grupper vil ethvert alkoholinntak kunne betraktes som risikofylt. Dette gjelder for eksempel: (1) personer som skal kjøre bil eller håndtere maskiner/verktøy, (2) personer som bruker medisiner som interagerer med alkohol, (3) personer som har en medisinsk tilstand som kan forverres av alkohol, og (4) personer som er gravide (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2016). I Norge drikkes det lite i direkte arbeidssituasjoner, men alkoholbruk relatert til arbeidssammenhenger hevdes å være utbredt (Frøyland, 2005). Sammenkomster som inkluderer alkohol foregår da utenfor primærarbeidstiden, men i regi av arbeidsplassen, kunder/klienter eller på initiativ fra kollegaer. Bruk av alkohol skjer dermed i gråsoner mellom arbeid og fritid. Nesvåg (2005) fant at 23 prosent av det samlede alkoholkonsumet blant et utvalg ansatte i privat norsk næringsliv var arbeidsrelatert. Flere studier har pekt på at ansatte, både på ledernivå og medarbeidernivå, har positive forventninger til jobbrelatert alkoholbruk, herunder forventninger om at alkohol er en effektiv strategi for å mestre arbeidsbelastninger og at alkohol bidrar til å skape gode fellesskap og sosiale relasjoner (Cooper, Russell & Frone, 1990; Henderson, Hutcheson & Davies, 1996). Normer og forventninger utvikles og formes i relasjonelt samspill, blant annet på arbeidsplassen (Kjærheim, Mykletun, Aasland, Haldorsen & Andersen, 1995) og disse normene og forventningene påvirker ansattes alkoholvaner (Ames & Janes, 1992). Ansattes alkoholnormer og –forventninger kan således betraktes som uttrykk for en felles kultur på arbeidsplassen, som i større eller mindre grad kan gjenspeiles i de ansattes alkoholbruk. Tradisjonelt sett har det vært gruppen med store alkoholproblemer som har fått tilbud og oppmerksomhet gjennom arbeidsplassens helse-, miljø- og sikkerhetsarbeid. Her har man i de senere årene sett en endring i retning av økt fokus på den betydelig større gruppen som drikker risikofylt. Dette er bakgrunnen for prosjektet WIRUS, som er finansiert av Helsedirektoratet. I prosjektet deltar blant annet en privat bedrift innen industrien. Denne rapporten er en presentasjon av denne bedriftens resultater fra fire av områdene som inngår i WIRUS-studien: (1) alkoholbruk, (2) arbeidsrelaterte alkoholnormer, (3) forventninger til alkoholbruk, og (4) situasjoner tilknyttet den aktuelle bedriften der ansatte eksponeres for alkohol.
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Thørrisen, Mikkel Magnus, Hildegunn Sagvaag, Lisebet Skeie Skarpaas, Lise Haveraaen, and Randi Wågø Aas. Alkoholbruk og alkoholkultur i et offentlig myndighetsorgan: En case-rapport fra forskningsprosjektet WIRUS. University of Stavanger, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.214.
Full textAbstract:
Nesten ni av ti arbeidstakere drikker alkohol. Dette blir ofte forklart med alle de positive aspektene bruk av alkohol har i sosiale sammenhenger. En kartlegging utført av Statistisk sentralbyrå viser imidlertid at 17 prosent av befolkningen har et drikkemønster som kan betegnes som risikofylt (Halkjelsvik & Storvoll, 2014). Økt alkoholkonsum, herunder også arbeidsrelatert alkoholkonsum, henger blant annet sammen med økt tilgjengelighet til alkohol (Frøyland, 2005). Alkoholkonsum på et risikofylt nivå er forbundet med sosiale, medisinske, jobbrelaterte og økonomiske problemstillinger (Babor, Higgins-Biddle, Saunders & Monteiro, 2001). Det er vanskelig å gi et klart svar på hvor grensen for risikofylt drikking går. Grenseverdier på 14 alkoholenheter[1] pr. uke for kvinner og 21 enheter pr. uke for menn har blitt foreslått (Fauske, 1993). Babor mfl. (2001) har fremhevet at såkalt "lavrisikodrikking" innebærer maksimalt 20 gram alkohol pr. dag maksimalt 5 dager i uken. Det amerikanske National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2016) understreker at grenseverdien for risikodrikking går ved 7 enheter pr. uke (og maksimalt 3 enheter på én dag) for kvinner og ved 14 enheter pr. uke (og maksimalt 4 enheter på én dag) for menn. Likevel vil slike grenseverdier alltid være kulturspesifikke og individuelle. I Norge har man funnet det hensiktsmessig å operere med verdier på 8 alkoholenheter pr. uke for kvinner og 13 enheter pr. uke for menn (Nesvåg & Lie, 2004). Forskning har vist at det er behov for å kartlegge mer enn bare antall alkoholenheter over tid for å vite noe om reell risikodrikking. Eksempelvis vil forhold som hvor mye en drikker ved hver situasjon kunne medføre mer negative konsekvenser for sykefravær enn hvor mye en typisk drikker over en gitt periode (Bacharach, Bamberger & Biron, 2010). Dette kan forklares ved at helsekonsekvenser av høyt gjennomsnittsforbruk først viser seg over tid, mens episoder med stordrikking (såkalt binge-drikking der en drikker store mengder alkohol ved én og samme anledning) gjerne medfører midlertidige funksjonsnedsettelser (eksempelvis "fyllesyke") som kan resultere i sykefravær (Bacharach mfl., 2010; Salonsalmi, Laaksonen, Lahlema & Rahkonen, 2009) eller sykenærvær, dvs. å være på jobben uten å kunne yte som normalt. Individuelle forskjeller vil også spille en rolle med hensyn til hva som er risikofylt drikking. Det er individuelt hvor mye en tåler, og andre aspekter ved livsstilen, for eksempel om en er fysisk aktiv, vil kunne påvirke hvor mye en kan drikke før negative konsekvenser inntreffer. For enkelte grupper vil ethvert alkoholinntak kunne betraktes som risikofylt. Dette gjelder for eksempel: (1) personer som skal kjøre bil eller håndtere maskiner/verktøy, (2) personer som bruker medisiner som interagerer med alkohol, (3) personer som har en medisinsk tilstand som kan forverres av alkohol, og (4) personer som er gravide (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2016). I Norge drikkes det lite i direkte arbeidssituasjoner, men alkoholbruk relatert til arbeidssammenhenger hevdes å være utbredt (Frøyland, 2005). Sammenkomster som inkluderer alkohol foregår da utenfor primærarbeidstiden, men i regi av arbeidsplassen, kunder/klienter eller på initiativ fra kollegaer. Bruk av alkohol skjer dermed i gråsoner mellom arbeid og fritid. Nesvåg (2005) fant at 23 prosent av det samlede alkoholkonsumet blant et utvalg ansatte i privat norsk næringsliv var arbeidsrelatert. Flere studier har pekt på at ansatte, både på ledernivå og medarbeidernivå, har positive forventninger til jobbrelatert alkoholbruk, herunder forventninger om at alkohol er en effektiv strategi for å mestre arbeidsbelastninger og at alkohol bidrar til å skape gode fellesskap og sosiale relasjoner (Cooper, Russell & Frone, 1990; Henderson, Hutcheson & Davies, 1996). Normer og forventninger utvikles og formes i relasjonelt samspill, blant annet på arbeidsplassen (Kjærheim, Mykletun, Aasland, Haldorsen & Andersen, 1995) og disse normene og forventningene påvirker ansattes alkoholvaner (Ames & Janes, 1992). Ansattes alkoholnormer og –forventninger kan således betraktes som uttrykk for en felles kultur på arbeidsplassen, som i større eller mindre grad kan gjenspeiles i de ansattes alkoholbruk. Tradisjonelt sett har det vært gruppen med store alkoholproblemer som har fått tilbud og oppmerksomhet gjennom arbeidsplassens helse-, miljø- og sikkerhetsarbeid. Her har man i de senere årene sett en endring i retning av økt fokus på den betydelig større gruppen som drikker risikofylt. Dette er bakgrunnen for prosjektet WIRUS, som er finansiert av Helsedirektoratet. I prosjektet deltar blant annet et offentlig forvaltningsorgan. Denne rapporten er en presentasjon av denne bedriftens resultater fra fire av områdene som inngår i WIRUS-studien: (1) alkoholbruk, (2) arbeidsrelaterte alkoholnormer, (3) forventninger til alkoholbruk, og (4) situasjoner tilknyttet den aktuelle bedriften der ansatte eksponeres for alkohol.
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Aas, Randi Wågø, Lise Haveraaen, Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen, Hildegunn Sagvaag, and Lisebet Skeie Skarpaas. Alkoholbruk og alkoholkultur i et offentlig forvaltningsorgan: En case-rapport fra forskningsprosjektet WIRUS. University of Stavanger, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.215.
Full textAbstract:
Nesten ni av ti arbeidstakere drikker alkohol. Dette blir ofte forklart med alle de positive aspektene bruk av alkohol har i sosiale sammenhenger. En kartlegging utført av Statistisk sentralbyrå viser imidlertid at 17 prosent av befolkningen har et drikkemønster som kan betegnes som risikofylt (Halkjelsvik & Storvoll, 2014). Økt alkoholkonsum, herunder også arbeidsrelatert alkoholkonsum, henger blant annet sammen med økt tilgjengelighet til alkohol (Frøyland, 2005). Alkoholkonsum på et risikofylt nivå er forbundet med sosiale, medisinske, jobbrelaterte og økonomiske problemstillinger (Babor, Higgins-Biddle, Saunders & Monteiro, 2001). Det er vanskelig å gi et klart svar på hvor grensen for risikofylt drikking går. Grenseverdier på 14 alkoholenheter pr. uke for kvinner og 21 enheter pr. uke for menn har blitt foreslått (Fauske, 1993). Babor mfl. (2001) har fremhevet at såkalt "lavrisikodrikking" innebærer maksimalt 20 gram alkohol pr. dag maksimalt 5 dager i uken. Det amerikanske National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2016) understreker at grenseverdien for risikodrikking går ved 7 enheter pr. uke (og maksimalt 3 enheter på én dag) for kvinner og ved 14 enheter pr. uke (og maksimalt 4 enheter på én dag) for menn. Likevel vil slike grenseverdier alltid være kulturspesifikke og individuelle. I Norge har man funnet det hensiktsmessig å operere med verdier på 8 alkoholenheter pr. uke for kvinner og 13 enheter pr. uke for menn (Nesvåg & Lie, 2004). Forskning har vist at det er behov for å kartlegge mer enn bare antall alkoholenheter over tid for å vite noe om reell risikodrikking. Eksempelvis vil forhold som hvor mye en drikker ved hver situasjon kunne medføre mer negative konsekvenser for sykefravær enn hvor mye en typisk drikker over en gitt periode (Bacharach, Bamberger & Biron, 2010). Dette kan forklares ved at helsekonsekvenser av høyt gjennomsnittsforbruk først viser seg over tid, mens episoder med stordrikking (såkalt binge-drikking der en drikker store mengder alkohol ved én og samme anledning) gjerne medfører midlertidige funksjonsnedsettelser (eksempelvis "fyllesyke") som kan resultere i sykefravær (Bacharach mfl., 2010; Salonsalmi, Laaksonen, Lahlema & Rahkonen, 2009) eller sykenærvær, dvs. å være på jobben uten å kunne yte som normalt. Individuelle forskjeller vil også spille en rolle med hensyn til hva som er risikofylt drikking. Det er individuelt hvor mye en tåler, og andre aspekter ved livsstilen, for eksempel om en er fysisk aktiv, vil kunne påvirke hvor mye en kan drikke før negative konsekvenser inntreffer. For enkelte grupper vil ethvert alkoholinntak kunne betraktes som risikofylt. Dette gjelder for eksempel: (1) personer som skal kjøre bil eller håndtere maskiner/verktøy, (2) personer som bruker medisiner som interagerer med alkohol, (3) personer som har en medisinsk tilstand som kan forverres av alkohol, og (4) personer som er gravide (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2016). I Norge drikkes det lite i direkte arbeidssituasjoner, men alkoholbruk relatert til arbeidssammenhenger hevdes å være utbredt (Frøyland, 2005). Sammenkomster som inkluderer alkohol foregår da utenfor primærarbeidstiden, men i regi av arbeidsplassen, kunder/klienter eller på initiativ fra kollegaer. Bruk av alkohol skjer dermed i gråsoner mellom arbeid og fritid. Nesvåg (2005) fant at 23 prosent av det samlede alkoholkonsumet blant et utvalg ansatte i privat norsk næringsliv var arbeidsrelatert. Flere studier har pekt på at ansatte, både på ledernivå og medarbeidernivå, har positive forventninger til jobbrelatert alkoholbruk, herunder forventninger om at alkohol er en effektiv strategi for å mestre arbeidsbelastninger og at alkohol bidrar til å skape gode fellesskap og sosiale relasjoner (Cooper, Russell & Frone, 1990; Henderson, Hutcheson & Davies, 1996). Normer og forventninger utvikles og formes i relasjonelt samspill, blant annet på arbeidsplassen (Kjærheim, Mykletun, Aasland, Haldorsen & Andersen, 1995) og disse normene og forventningene påvirker ansattes alkoholvaner (Ames & Janes, 1992). Ansattes alkoholnormer og –forventninger kan således betraktes som uttrykk for en felles kultur på arbeidsplassen, som i større eller mindre grad kan gjenspeiles i de ansattes alkoholbruk. Tradisjonelt sett har det vært gruppen med store alkoholproblemer som har fått tilbud og oppmerksomhet gjennom arbeidsplassens helse-, miljø- og sikkerhetsarbeid. Her har man i de senere årene sett en endring i retning av økt fokus på den betydelig større gruppen som drikker risikofylt. Dette er bakgrunnen for prosjektet WIRUS, som er finansiert av Helsedirektoratet. I prosjektet deltar blant annet et offentlig forvaltningsorgan. Denne rapporten er en presentasjon av denne bedriftens resultater fra fire av områdene som inngår i WIRUS-studien: (1) alkoholbruk, (2) arbeidsrelaterte alkoholnormer, (3) forventninger til alkoholbruk, og (4) situasjoner tilknyttet den aktuelle bedriften der ansatte eksponeres for alkohol.
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Nordaune, Kristin, Lisebet Skeie Skarpaas, Lise Haveraaen, Randi Wågø Aas, Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen, and Hildegunn Sagvaag. Alkoholbruk og alkoholkultur innen olje- og gassnæringen: En case-rapport fra forskningsprosjektet WIRUS. University of Stavanger, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.220.
Full textAbstract:
Nesten ni av ti arbeidstakere drikker alkohol. Dette blir ofte forklart med alle de positive aspektene bruk av alkohol har i sosiale sammenhenger. En kartlegging utført av Statistisk sentralbyrå viser imidlertid at 17 prosent av befolkningen har et drikkemønster som kan betegnes som risikofylt (Halkjelsvik & Storvoll, 2014). Økt alkoholkonsum, herunder også arbeidsrelatert alkoholkonsum, henger blant annet sammen med økt tilgjengelighet til alkohol (Frøyland, 2005). Alkoholkonsum på et risikofylt nivå er forbundet med sosiale, medisinske, jobbrelaterte og økonomiske problemer (Babor, Higgins-Biddle, Saunders & Monteiro, 2001). Det er vanskelig å gi et klart svar på hvor grensen for risikofylt drikking går. Grenseverdier på 14 alkoholenheter pr. uke for kvinner og 21 enheter pr. uke for menn har blitt foreslått (Fauske, 1993). Babor et al. (2001) har fremhevet at såkalt "lavrisikodrikking" innebærer maksimalt 20 gram alkohol pr. dag maksimalt 5 dager i uken. Det amerikanske National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2016) understreker at grenseverdien for risikodrikking går ved 7 enheter pr. uke (og maksimalt 3 enheter på én dag) for kvinner og ved 14 enheter pr. uke (og maksimalt 4 enheter på én dag) for menn. Likevel vil slike grenseverdier alltid være kulturspesifikke, og i Norge har man funnet det hensiktsmessig å operere med verdier på 8 alkoholenheter pr. uke for kvinner og 13 enheter pr. uke for menn (Nesvåg & Lie, 2004). Forskning har vist at det er behov for å kartlegge mer enn bare antall alkoholenheter over tid for å vite noe om reell risikodrikking. Eksempelvis vil forhold som hvor mye en drikker ved hver drikkeanledning kunne medføre mer negative konsekvenser for sykefravær enn hvor mye en typisk drikker over en gitt periode (Bacharach, Bamberger & Biron, 2010). Dette kan forklares ved at helsekonsekvenser av høyt gjennomsnittsforbruk først viser seg over tid, mens episoder med stordrikking (såkalt binge-drikking der en drikker store mengder alkohol ved én og samme anledning) gjerne medfører midlertidige funksjonsnedsettelser (eksempelvis "fyllesyke") som resulterer i sykefravær (Bacharach et al., 2010; Salonsalmi, Laaksonen, Lahlema & Rahkonen, 2009). Individuelle forskjeller vil også spille en rolle med hensyn til hva som er risikofylt drikking. Det er individuelt hvor mye en tåler og andre aspekter ved livsstilen, for eksempel om en er fysisk aktiv, vil kunne påvirke hvor mye en tåler før negative konsekvenser inntreffer. For enkelte grupper vil ethvert alkoholinntak kunne betraktes som risikofylt. Dette gjelder for eksempel: (1) personer som skal kjøre bil eller håndtere maskiner/verktøy, (2) personer som bruker medisiner som interagerer med alkohol, (3) personer som har en medisinsk tilstand som kan forverres av alkohol, og (4) personer som er gravide (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2016). I Norge drikkes det lite i direkte arbeidssituasjoner, men alkoholbruk relatert til arbeidssammenhenger hevdes å være utbredt (Frøyland, 2005). Sammenkomster som inkluderer alkohol foregår da på fritiden, men i regi av arbeidsplassen, kunder/klienter eller på initiativ fra kollegaer. Dette skjer dermed i gråsoner mellom arbeid og fritid. Nesvåg (2005) fant at 23 prosent av det samlede alkoholkonsumet blant et utvalg ansatte i privat norsk næringsliv var arbeidsrelatert. Flere studier har pekt på at ansatte, både på ledernivå og medarbeidernivå, har positive forventninger til jobbrelatert alkoholbruk, herunder forventninger om at alkohol er en effektiv strategi for å mestre arbeidsbelastninger og at alkohol bidrar til å skape gode fellesskap og sosiale relasjoner (Cooper, Russell & Frone, 1990; Henderson, Hutcheson & Davies, 1996). Normer og forventninger utvikles og formes i relasjonelt samspill, blant annet på arbeidsplassen, (Kjærheim, Mykletun, Aasland, Haldorsen & Andersen, 1995) og disse normene og forventningene påvirker ansattes alkoholvaner (Ames & Janes, 1992). Ansattes alkoholnormer og –forventninger kan således betraktes som uttrykk for en felles kultur på arbeidsplassen, som i større eller mindre grad kan gjenspeiles i de ansattes alkoholbruk. Tradisjonelt sett har det vært gruppen med store alkoholproblemer som har fått tilbud og oppmerksomhet gjennom arbeidsplassens helse-, miljø- og sikkerhetsarbeid. Her har man i de senere årene sett en endring i retning av økt fokus på den betydelig større gruppen som drikker risikofylt. Dette er bakgrunnen for prosjektet WIRUS, som er finansiert av Helsedirektoratet. I dette prosjektet deltar blant annet en privat bedrift innen olje- og gassnæringen. Denne rapporten er en presentasjon av denne bedriftens resultater fra fire av områdene som inngår i WIRUS-studien: (1) alkoholbruk, (2) arbeidsrelaterte alkoholnormer, (3) alkoholforventninger, og (4) situasjoner tilknyttet den aktuelle bedriften der alkoholbruk inngår. Målet med denne rapporten er å beskrive alkoholbruken, arbeidsrelaterte alkoholnormer og alkoholforventninger blant ansatte i denne bedriften, og beskrive hvilke jobbrelaterte situasjoner ansatte i bedriften drikker alkohol. Rapporten kan brukes som et kunnskapsgrunnlag for arbeid med ruspolicy tilknyttet arbeidsplassen, og i gråsonen mellom jobb og fritid.
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Sommerseth, Rita. Pårørendesamtalen: En kvalitativ studie av profesjonsutøveres erfaringer med samtaler hvor pårørende søker hjelp. University of Stavanger, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.235.
Full textAbstract:
PårørendeSenteret har gitt Programområdet pårørendeforskning, ved Universitetet i Stavanger, i oppdrag å utføre en undersøkelse av pårørendesamtalen. Tema i undersøkelse er knyttet til: Hvem er de pårørende og hvorfor søker de hjelp Å være pårørende er både en ressurs og en byrde Samtalen som redskap i profesjonsfag som helse- og omsorgsfagene Ulike typer teoretisk påvirkning i forhold til pårørendesamtalen Det legges særlig vekt på: Konstruerte case som eksempler på tilnærmingsmåter i pårørendesamtalen Tilnærming i prosesser med livsproblemer eksemplifisert med casene. Har rammebetingelse betydning for samtalen Skillelinjer mellom samtaler ved Pårørendesenteret og samtaler i helseinstitusjoner Klientifisering av pårørende De pårørende søker hjelp for egen del fordi de har en nærstående person som er fysisk eller psykisk syk, har en funksjonsnedsettelse eller et rusmisbruk. Eller at de får for lite eller for dårlig informasjon fra hjelpeapparatet eller de ikke vet at det er informasjon og få, eller at hjelpeapparatet viser for liten forståelse for deres situasjon, eller at de ikke finner frem til relevant hjelpeinstans. Pårørendesamtalen ser ut for å ha sitt utspring i generell profesjonsteori fra helse- og sosialfagene, men er påvirket av rådgivningsteori, teori om støttesamtaler, kriseteori, terapeutiske samtaler og annen teoretisk og klinisk bagasje den enkelte har i sin bakgrunn. Brukermedvirkning er sentralt. Profesjonsutøverne møter en stor variasjon av problemer i samtalene, noe som krever gode kommunikasjonsferdigheter og kjennskap til hjelpeapparatet. Det er sentralt for profesjonsutøverne og «skreddersy» tilbudet til den enkelte. Det presenteres seks konstruerte case og tilnærmingsmåter for samtaler. I en analyse og tolkning av tilnærmingsmåtene prøver en å vise hvordan profesjonsteori kan anvendes for å forstå pårørende, men og for å vise at casene representerer flere utfordringer enn det som er vist i det enkelte case. Forskjellene i de organisatoriske forholdene for Pårørendesenteret og helseinstitusjoner og kommuner skaper ulike betingelser for pårørendesamtalen. Det kan se ut som uavhengighet i forhold til hjelpeapparatet er viktig når en skal hjelpe pårørende med og «forhandle frem» ulike tilbud.