Academic literature on the topic 'Hair, care and hygiene'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hair, care and hygiene"
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Mackie, Sarah. "Renal nursing basics: oral hygiene and hair care." Journal of Renal Nursing 1, no. 2 (July 24, 2009): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jorn.2009.1.2.77.
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Ignatenko, Iryna. "Women’s Hygiene: Body, Hair and Face Skin Care in Traditional Ukrainian Culture In Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 66 (2022): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.66.02.
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This article presents an approach to analysis of women’s hygiene and beauty practices in the traditional Ukrainian society. As a key message, the article discusses female hygiene and body care as a historically determined, complex process, affected by popular beliefs stemming from people’s living, natural and, more specifically, climatic conditions. The author presents the rules of society, especially taboos, which influenced women’s hygiene as a special practice. Hence hygiene, body care and beauty standards are recognized as a function of specific social and cultural norms established for woman’s body. In addition, the notion of bodily health, hygiene and beauty was most closely tied to the popular view of «proper» and «improper» days for body care. For instance, ritualistic washing of the body was mandatory on the eve of major calendar holidays, especially Christmas and Easter, however, bathing, washing or sprinkling, practiced during these periods, had as its object rather some sacred than any hygienic purpose. Accordingly, on the days of traditional Christian fasting (Wednesdays and Fridays), it was forbidden to bathe, the same goes for Sundays and the time during certain calendar periods: on the eve of Whit Sunday festivities, Midsummer Night, also after Elijah’s Day or the Feast of Transfiguration. The emphasis was put on hygiene, standards of beauty, care, etc. as a construct of cultural and social norms, where the age and marital status of women would be of great importance. As woman grew older, she had to become more inconspicuous: excessive primping, self-care, and adorning were strongly condemned by the society of that time. Thus, it appears that all hygienic procedures of body and hair care were under the scrutiny of society, with imposition of a significant number of taboos, restrictions and precautions. Women had to follow all those precepts because otherwise they would be accused of violating sacred traditions.
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Alqomaria, Eka. "Personal hygiene pada odgj dengan defisit perawatan diri di kelurahan Padang harapan kecamatan Gading Cempaka kota Bengkulu, 38225." Pengabdian Masyarakat Cendekia (PMC) 3, no. 1 (January 9, 2024): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55426/pmc.v3i1.281.
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Personal hygiene is an independent self-care activity, including maintaining the cleanliness of body parts consisting of hair, clean eyes, nose, mouth, teeth and skin. Self-care deficit is a situation where a person experiences a lack of technological level to carry out individual personal hygiene activities including bathing, hygiene and defecation (Abdul, 2015). According to Orem, lack of self-care is an individual's inability to carry out personal hygiene adequately, so several systems are needed that can help clients meet their self-care needs (Erlando, 2019).
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Gaither, Thomas W., Mohannad A. Awad, E. Charles Osterberg, Tami S. Rowen, Alan W. Shindel, and Benjamin N. Breyer. "Prevalence and Motivation: Pubic Hair Grooming Among Men in the United States." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 620–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316661315.
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Pubic hair grooming is a growing phenomenon and is associated with body image and sexual activity. A nationally representative survey of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 to 65 years residing in the United States was conducted. Differences in demographic and sexual characteristics between groomers and nongroomers were explored. Four thousand one hundred and ninety-eight men completed the survey. Of these men, 2,120 (50.5%) reported regular pubic hair grooming. The prevalence of grooming decreases with age, odds ratio = 0.95 (95% confidence interval [0.94, 0.96]), p < .001. Adjusting for sexual frequency and sexual orientation, grooming is associated with performing and receiving oral sex. The majority of men report grooming in preparation for sexual activity with a peak prevalence of 73% among men aged 25 to 34 years, followed by hygiene (61%) and routine care (44%). The majority of men who remove their pubic hair groom the hair above the penis (87%), followed by the scrotum (66%) and the penile shaft (57%). Overall, pubic hair grooming is common among men aged 18 to 65 years in the United States. Younger ages are associated with greater rates of pubic hair grooming. Many men groom for sex, in particular oral sex, as well as for routine care and hygiene.
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Paramita, Windya Kartika. "Systematic Review: Affecting Behaviour of Hygiene and Health Care of the Eldery." Jurnal PROMKES 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpk.v9.i1.2021.69-78.
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Background: The Elderly is an age group that has decreased organ function which is susceptible to various diseases. The elderly also experience physical decline which can affect personal hygiene and health care behavior. Objective: To determine the factors that affect the personal hygiene and health care of the elderly. Method: Personal hygiene referred to in this study was hygiene to care for the whole body including skin, feet, teeth, nails, and hair. This study was a systematic review of studies with primary data related to factors affecting personal hygiene and health care for the elderly. The study was conducted on 35 international journals. Results: Personal hygiene of the elderly are feet. Factors that influence their hygiene on demographic factors include residence, education, source of income, gender, age, and knowledge. Factors affecting elderly hygiene on personal characteristic factors include need assistance, perceived benefits, disease, frequency of cleansing, self-efficacy, physical change, degree of independence, mobility, and self-motivation. Factors affecting them on facilities and infrastructure factors supporters include equipment, care services facilities, equipment, distance to care service facilities, social support, and practical conditions. Factors affecting on healthy program factors include training, education caregiver, motivation caregiver, health promotion, health information seeking, satisfaction, informal care, behavioral programs, utilization, and functional health literacy. Conclusion: Factors affecting personal hygiene and health care for the elderly include demographics, characteristics of the elderly, supporting facilities, and infrastructure and health programs. Dominant factor affecting personal hygiene and health care for elderly are educational, residence, and income source.
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Bastos, Cristal, and Ademir Carvalho Leite Junior. "The Old and the New in Hair Care: How the hair care market reinvents itself by using old concepts as a foundation to create temporary trends or to solidify already established concepts?" Brazilian Journal of Hair Health 1, no. 1 (January 18, 2024): bjhh4. http://dx.doi.org/10.62742/2965-7911.2024.1.bjhh4.
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Introduction: The history of hair care begins along with the history of civilizations. Cosmetics were found in burial chambers in Egypt, and there are also the first reports of the use of hair shaving for hygiene reasons, especially by priests. Taking care of your hair, especially scalp conditions and problems associated with hair loss, over the centuries is something that involves countless approaches, some of which are strange and curious. Highlights include the ash from burnt frogs, bee ash with oil, dog urine, goat manure with oil, among many others. Over time, potions, tonics and drinks for medicinal purposes evolved. This article presents a comparison between the inspiring ideas that came from the transition from the 19th to the 20th century with those that emerged from the transition from the 20th to the 21st century. Material and Methods: The method employed for the preparation of this article was a literature review and research on products and advertisements from the past to carry out a comparison between the methods used to treat hair in two historical moments. Results and Discussions: When comparing products and equipment from two different historical moments, separated by approximately one hundred years, we can see the evolution of hair care, scientific advancement, and the inspiration of many current treatments in concepts from the past.
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Syukaisih, Syukaisih, Elmia Kursani, Alhidayati Alhidayati, and Dita Novia. "Pengabdian Masyarakat Tentang Personal Hygiene Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Pekanbaru." COMSEP: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 3, no. 2 (June 23, 2022): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54951/comsep.v3i2.190.
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Personal hygiene is an action to maintain one's cleanliness and health for physical and psychological well-being, lack of self-care is a condition where a person is unable to carry out hygiene care for himself. Seeing this, personal hygiene is defined as personal hygiene which includes all activities aimed at achieving body hygiene including washing, bathing, caring for hair, nails, teeth, and gums, and cleaning the genital area. If someone is sick, usually less attention to personal hygiene. This happens because they think that cleanliness is a trivial problem, even though if it is not paid attention to it it can affect personal health problems in terms cleanliness which will lead to skin diseases. The correctional institution is a correctional business unit that accommodates, treats, and fosters prisoners. A skin disease that usually occurs in prisoners is scabies. This is due to the condition of the correctional facilities not being fully optimal, the habits are not clean and personal hygiene is not maintained.
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Dvoriankova, E. V., L. R. Sakaniya, O. M. Kantin, and I. M. Korsunskaya. "Vital issue of intimate care for women." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 15 (October 21, 2023): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/ms2023-327.
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The vulva and vagina are a unique anatomical region, which anatomy and physiology changes throughout a woman's life. The most noticeable changes are hormone-mediated and are associated with the onset of puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause. The microbiome changes over time due to various factors, such as hormones, which leads to a change in pH. Various hygiene practices and habits also have a huge impact on the microflora of the vulva and vagina, and therefore on a woman’s health. Today, the market offers a huge number of care and hygiene products designed for the genital area of women. But, unfortunately, information about their correct use and safety of use is limited. For example, various health behaviours, such as vaginal douching and pubic hair removal are still widely used, although there is some evidence of their negative impacts on the health of the vulva and vagina. Despite the abundance of specialized intimate hygiene products, the use of general care products that are not intended for the genital area and therefore can cause irritation, itching and other unpleasant effects is reported. Foreign guidelines for intimate female hygiene practices resolve itself to recommendations of daily vulva cleansing with a gentle hypoallergenic liquid wash. There is a need to increase women's awareness about rational choice of feminine hygiene products and disorders of the vulva and vagina to improve their intimate health.
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Syahida, Ayunin, Uli Dayanti, and Dahlia Linda Vera. "Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Personal Hygiene Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Derajat Kesehatan Pada Siswa/i di SMA Muhammadiyah Kota Langsa." ABDIKAN: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bidang Sains dan Teknologi 1, no. 3 (August 28, 2022): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/abdikan.v1i3.840.
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Adolescence is a period of human development where there is a change in both biological, psychological and social. Changes that occur in adolescent girls are characterized by menarche (first menstruation), changes in the chest, growth of pubic hair and also pelvic enlargement. In general, physical health problems in adolescents are often ignored so that it has an impact on physical health in adolescents. Lack of knowledge of personal hygiene can be a factor inhibiting the health of personal hygiene in adolescents. There are several parts of health that need attention by adolescents in the implementation of personal hygiene such as maintaining dental and oral health, skin and facial health, reproductive organ health, daily clothing and care for hair and nails and feet. The purpose of this community service is so that teenagers can know and carry out personal hygiene so that they avoid various health problems. The method used is a lecture by providing counseling about personal hygiene to students to improve their health status and be free from various health problems that often occur in adolescents. The target achieved in the service is to increase students' knowledge about personal hygiene which will later change students' attitudes in performing personal hygiene. Students are expected to take part in counseling activities seriously in order to produce good knowledge and attitudes so that they can change behavior to perform personal hygiene.
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Haiwen, Guo, and Mi Jiaxin. "Women’s Personal Hygiene in Premodern China: A Gendered Analysis of History of the Toiletry Box (Lianshi)." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. I (2024): 1072–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.801080.
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The Lianshi奩史 (History of the Toiletry Box) is a copious work about women’s personal hygiene articles, compiled by Wang Chutong (1729-1821). The personal hygiene articles can be broadly divided into the following categories: articles for hand washing, dental care, hair grooming, going to the restroom, bathing, perfuming, and protection from evils. These items are living fossils of the premodern material culture and a testimony to the fusion of Chinese culture and Western culture. They reflected perception of health care at the time and are useful references for modern perception on preventive care. If viewed from a gendered perspective, these items are also objects used for “training” women. In analyzing the text of Lianshi and archeological discoveries, paintings, and murals, this paper reconstructs how women in premodern China cultivated and practiced their personal hygiene.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hair, care and hygiene"
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Mitchell, Dove Lakindra Michelle. "Got Hair that Flows in the Wind: The Complexity of Hair and Identity among African American Female Adolescents in Foster Care." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2321.
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African American children are disproportionately over-represented in the child welfare system. Many of these children linger in the system and experience disconnection from their biological families, communities, cultural beliefs, values, and practices. Familial socialization and cultural exposure are essential to developing a positive ethnic identity and self-concept. For African American female adolescents, hair and hair care are critical areas for such socialization and support. This qualitative study explored the hair and hair care perceptions and experiences of African American female adolescents in foster care. The goal was to examine hair and hair's connection to, and influence on, sense of self and self-esteem for African American female adolescents in foster care.
Eleven African American female adolescents participated in individual interviews, and grounded theory was used to analyze the data. Four major themes emerged: hair care, perception of hair and identity as an African American female, societal influences on self-awareness, and influence of the foster care system. Results from the study indicated African American female adolescents in foster care identify hair as important. Participants noted hair is connected to appearance and shapes who they are and how they view themselves as African American females. Participants addressed the complexity of hair and politics associated with hair. The findings further emphasized the role of racial socialization and the importance of a supportive hair care environment. Participants also discussed their awareness of societal influences on their perception of African American women. They offered recommendations for improving the hair care experiences of African American children in foster care, for supporting positive development of identity and self-esteem, and for implementing standards of practice that will ensure these youths' cultural needs are addressed in the child welfare system.
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Bardin, Marcela Grigol 1988. "Higiene e cuidados com a genitália em mulheres com vulvovaginites = Hygiene and genital care of women with vulvovaginitis." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312983.
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Orientadores: Paulo César Giraldo, Cristina Laguna Benetti PintoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: INTRODUÇÃO: A vaginose bacteriana (VB) e a candidíase vaginal (CV) são as vulvovaginites (VV) mais frequentemente encontradas em mulheres durante o ciclo reprodutivo. Embora os tratamentos dessas VV estejam esclarecidos, a prevenção ainda é pouco estudada. Os hábitos de higiene e cuidados diários com a genitália feminina são fatores que podem influenciar o ecossistema vulvovaginal, facilitando a instalação dessas VV. OBJETIVO: Verificar os hábitos de lavagem, uso de absorventes higiênicos, práticas depilatórias, uso de piercings e tatuagens, tipo indumentária e atividades sexuais em mulheres com VV. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal utilizou questionário contendo 60 perguntas, divididas nos seguintes domínios: I ¿ Limpeza genital; II ¿ Uso de absorventes higiênicos; III ¿ Práticas depilatórias; IV ¿ Uso de piercings e tatuagens genitais; V ¿ Tipo indumentária e VI ¿ Atividades sexuais. Foram analisadas 307 mulheres de 18 a 45 anos, atendidas nos ambulatórios de um hospital universitário (Universidade Estadual de campinas, Brasil). Realizou-se exame ginecológico para diagnóstico de VB e CV por bacterioscopia e cultura de fungo, além de medir pH e realizar teste de Whiff. Os critérios de exclusão foram: uso de antibiótico até 15 dias antes da inclusão, antecedente de câncer, sorologia positiva para HIV e/ou sífilis e presença doença imunossupressora. Este estudo teve a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Unicamp sob número de protocolo 1836/2013 e todas as voluntárias assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido previamente à participação neste estudo. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de março a novembro de 2013. Para a análise estatística, consideraram-se dois grupos principais: mulheres sem e com vulvovaginites (presença de VB, CV e ambas) que foram comparados entre si. Também se realizou uma segunda análise de cada tipo de VV isoladamente (VB, CV e ambas associadas) versus mulheres sem vulvovaginites. Foram empregados os testes de Fischer e Qui-quadrado através do EPI INFO 0.5. Considerou-se nível de significância quando p<,05. RESULTADOS: Entre as 307 participantes, 46% foram diagnosticadas com VV presentes e 54% sem VV. Quando comparados estes grupos, não se encontraram diferenças significativas quanto à idade, IMC, escolaridade, número de gestações, número de partos, estado marital, raça, religião, uso de métodos contraceptivos, tabagismo, tempo fora de casa e queixas de dispareunia. A média de idade foi de 33,6 (±6,8) anos e de escolaridade 10,4 (±3,3) anos de estudo. A presença de VV esteve significativamente associada ao menor uso de produtos para higiene genital tais como sabonete líquido íntimo para higiene diária (p=,04) e lenço úmido para higiene pós-miccional (p=,04) e maior uso de sabonete bactericida para realização da lavagem genital durante o banho (<,0001). As mulheres com VV utilizaram mais calcinhas de tecido sintético (p<,05), apresentaram mais ciclos menstruais (p<,0001) que aquelas sem VV e apresentaram hábitos de uso de absorventes semelhantes. As mulheres com VB praticaram mais o sexo anal nos últimos 30 dias (p<,0001) e usavam mais substâncias erógenas (p<,02) que aquelas sem VV. Não houve diferenças significativas de frequência de relações sexuais, dispareunia, sexo oral e uso de lubrificantes entre os grupos estudados. A análise da depilação genital também não evidenciou diferenças significativas quanto ao método utilizado, motivação, frequência, área de depilação, irritabilidade vulvar, produtos pós-depilatórios e opinião sobre a influência da depilação genital sobre a saúde feminina. Apesar de ser um número baixo, mulheres com CV apresentaram mais tatuagens genitais que os demais grupos (p=,04) e apenas uma mulher apresentou piercing genital. CONCLUSÕES: Alguns hábitos de lavagem da genitália, a presença de ciclos menstruais, o uso de calcinhas de tecido sintético, relações sexuais anais e uso de substâncias erógenas na genitália se associaram à frequência de vulvovaginites. Especialmente estas últimas relacionadas aos hábitos sexuais estiveram associadas à presença de vaginose bacteriana. Os hábitos de uso de absorventes higiênicos e depilatórios não se associaram à presença de VV. Os adornos genitais foram raros, porém encontraram-se mais tatuagens genitais em mulheres com CV
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vaginal candidiasis (VC) are the most frequently vulvovaginitis (VV) encountered during in women at reproductive cycle. Although the treatments of VV are clear, prevention is still little studied. Hygiene habits and daily care with the female genitalia are factors that can influence the vulvovaginal ecosystem, and might facilitate the installation of these VV. MAIN: To investigate the genital washing habits, use of sanitary pads, genital hair removal, use of piercings and tattoos, clothing type and sexual activity in women with VV. METHODS: Cross-sectional study used a questionnaire containing 60 questions, divided into the following areas: I ¿ Genital Cleaning; II ¿ Use of sanitary pads; III ¿ depilatory practices; IV ¿ Use of genital piercings and tattoos; V ¿ clothing type and VI ¿ Sexual Activities. Were analyzed 307 women from 18 to 45 years, attended at two outpatient clinics of a university hospital (University of Campinas, Brazil). Gynecological exam was performed for collecting vaginal material for BV and VC diagnosis by Gram stain and culture of fungus, as well as measured pH and performed Whiff test. Exclusion criteria were: use of antibiotics within 15 days before enrollment, history of cancer, HIV positive and/or other immunosuppressive disease. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UNICAMP Research under protocol number 1836/2013 and all volunteers signed an informed consent form prior to their participation in this study. Data collection was conducted from March to November 2013. For statistical analysis, we considered two main groups: women with and without vulvovaginitis (presence of BV, VC and both) were compared to each other. It was also conducted a second analysis of each group of VV alone (BV, VC and both combined) versus women without vulvovaginitis. Statistical analysis used exact Fischer and chi-square tests by the EPI INFO 0.5. It was considered a significance level of p<.05. RESULTS: Among the 307 participants, 46% were diagnosed with VV and 54% without VV. When comparing these groups, there were no significant differences in age, BMI, duration of study, number of pregnancies, number of births, marital status, race, religion, use of contraceptives, smoking, time away from home and complaints of dyspareunia. The mean age was 33.6 (± 6.8) years of education and 10.4 (± 3.3) years of education. The presence of VV was significantly associated with lower use of genital hygiene products such as liquid soap for daily intimate hygiene (p=.04) and moist napkin as hygiene post urination (p=.04) and, on the other hand, increased use of antibacterial soap for daily genital wash (<.0001). Women with VV used more panties of synthetic fabric (p<.05), had more menstrual cycles (p<.0001) than those without VV and similar use of sanitary pads. Women with BV practiced more anal sex in the last 30 days (p<.0001) and used more erogenous substances (p<.02) than those without VV. There were no significant differences in frequency of sexual intercourse, dyspareunia, oral sex and using lubricants between groups. The analysis of genital hair removal also showed no significant differences in the method used, motivation, frequency, area of hair removal, vulvar irritability, post-depilatory used products, and opinion about the influence of genital waxing on women's health. Despite being a low number, women with genital VC had more tattoos than the other groups (p=.04) and only one woman had genital piercing. CONCLUSIONS: Some habits related to genitalia washing, the presence of menstrual cycles, the use of synthetic fabric underwear, anal intercourse and use of erogenous substances during sexual intercourse were associated with frequency of vulvovaginitis. Especially anal sex on the last 30 days previous to diagnosis and use of erogenous substances during sexual intercourse were specifically associated with the presence of bacterial vaginosis. Use of sanitary pads and hair removal habits were not associated with the presence of VV. The genital adornments were rare but genital tattoos were most common among women with VC
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Ginecológica
Mestra em Ciências da Saúde
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Piassarolli, Virginia Pianessole 1983. "Higiene e cuidados com a genitália de mulheres na menacme = estudo de base-populacional = Hygiene and genital care of menacme women : a population-based study." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312981.
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Orientadores: Paulo César Giraldo, Angélica Espinosa Barbosa MirandaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A higiene é o conjunto de cuidados corporais, do ambiente e de um modo de viver, de se vestir e de habitar para evitar doenças com o objetivo de conservar e fortificar a saúde. Em se tratando de saúde genital, a relação não poderia ser outra, uma vez que esta é parte integrante e inseparável da saúde geral do indivíduo. Estas ações são dependentes da condição social da população e previnem complicações e desconfortos, especialmente na área genital feminina, porém ainda não foram bem estudadas. Objetivo: Avaliar hábitos de higiene e cuidados com a genitália de mulheres no menacme e associá-los com fatores sociodemográficos. Sujeitos e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal de base populacional, por amostragem, em todas as 28 Unidades de Saúde de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram incluídas aleatoriamente 474 mulheres, admitidas em seus domicílios, no período de Julho de 2012 a Dezembro 2013. Um questionário auto-respondido foi preenchido de maneira sigilosa contendo 56 perguntas relacionadas ao tema, divididas nos seguintes domínios: I ¿ Limpeza genital; II ¿ Uso de absorventes higiênicos; III ¿ Práticas depilatórias; IV ¿ Uso de piercings e tatuagens genitais; V ¿ Tipo de Indumentária e VI ¿ Práticas sexuais. Além das variáveis relacionadas à higiene, foram considerados fatores sociodemográficos como idade, nível de escolaridade e renda familiar mensal, e algumas variáveis clínicas. A análise dos dados empregou o teste exato de Fisher para averiguar associação entre as variáveis; e regressão múltipla logística para verificar a chance de complicações clínicas e ginecológicas. O nível de significância considerado foi p<0,05. Resultados: A média da idade das participantes foi de 31 anos (± 7,7), 54% eram não caucasianas, casadas ou com parceiros (56,8%), com renda familiar inferior a R$ 1500,00 (53,7%) e 69,6% haviam cursado até o Ensino Médio. As análises sobre os hábitos de higiene demonstraram que 57,4% das mulheres tomavam dois banhos por dia, entretanto 51% lavavam a vulva mais de três vezes ao dia. O uso de lenços umedecidos foi relatado por 13,5% e somente 17,9% das entrevistadas realizavam corretamente a higiene após evacuação. Ducha vaginal foi descrita por 47% dos casos, quase 20% faziam esfoliação na região vulvar e 44,5% relataram corrimento vaginal frequentemente. O uso frequente do protetor diário ocorreu em 38,9% da população, entretanto somente 40,7% destas usavam o protetor sem película plástica. Mulheres mais jovens (p<0,0001) e com maiores níveis de escolaridade (p=0,0390) usavam menos absorventes internos. Observou-se que quanto maior a troca diária do número de absorventes durante o período menstrual, menor foi a chance de aparecimento de fissuras como complicação [OR=0,11 (IC95%:0,02-0,48)]. Quanto ao uso de vestimentas, o tipo de calcinha menos utilizada foi a sintética (5,5%) e os modelos fio dental ou tanga foram os mais relatados (68,6%), principalmente entre as mais jovens (p<0,0001). Cerca de metade da amostra referiu o uso frequente de calças apertadas (51,1%), o que esteve associado às mulheres jovens (p=0,0002) e com maior nível de escolaridade (p=0,0173), além de ser uma variável que identificou uma chance quase duas vezes maior do aparecimento de corrimento vaginal relatado pelas participantes [OR=1,95 (IC95%:1,35-2,81)]. Verificou-se que 97,9% das mulheres realizavam depilação íntima e 65,4% acreditavam ser importante para higiene. Em geral, mulheres com baixa escolaridade e renda utilizavam a lâmina de barbear como principal método. A depilação genital de forma "completa" foi relatada por 52,1% das participantes. Conclusão: Os hábitos de higiene e cuidados com a genitália ainda são inadequados em um percentual muito elevado de mulheres brasileiras. Fatores sociodemográficos como idade, nível de escolaridade e renda familiar mensal associaram-se com diversos aspectos na prática destes hábitos
Abstract: Hygiene is the set of body care, of the environment and a way of living, dressing and inhabits to prevent diseases with the goal of preserving and strengthening the health. In terms of genital health, the relation could not be different, since this is an integral and inseparable part of the overall individual health. These actions are dependent on the social status of the population and prevent complications and discomfort, especially in the genital area, but have not been well studied. Objective: To evaluate hygiene and care genitalia among women in menacme and associate them with sociodemographic factors. Subjects and methods: A population-based study was conducted, by sampling at all 28 health units in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Randomized 474 women were included, admitted in their homes between July 2012 to December 2013. A self-administered questionnaire was completed confidentially containing 56 questions related to the subject, divided into the following areas: I - Genital cleaning; II - Use of sanitary pads; III - Depilatory practices; IV - Use of genital piercings and tattoos; V -Clothing type and VI - Sexual practices. Apart from hygiene-related variables were considered sociodemographic factors such as age, education level and monthly family income, and some clinical variables. Fisher Exact Test was used to assess associations between variables; and multiple logistic regression to verify the chance of gynecological and clinical complications. Significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: The average age of participants was 31 years (± 7.7), 54% were not caucasian, married or had partners (56.8%), with family income less than R $ 1500.00 (53.7%) and 69.6% had attended high school. Analyses of hygiene habits showed that 57.4% of women took two baths per day, however 51% washed the vulva more than three times daily. The use of wet wipes was reported by 13.5% and only 17.9% of respondents performed correctly hygiene after defecation. Vaginal douching was reported by 47% of cases, almost 20% did exfoliation in vulvar region and 44.5% reported vaginal discharge frequently. The frequent use of the panty liners occurred in 38.9% of the population, however only 40.7% of these used without plastic layer. Younger women (p<0.0001) and with higher levels of education (p = 0.0390) used less tampons. It was observed that the greater the number of daily change of the absorbent during the menstrual period, the lower chance of appearance of fissures as genital complication [OR=0.11 (CI95%:0.02-0.48)]. Regarding the use of clothes, the type of underwear was less synthetic (5.5%) and the models thong or string were the most common (68.6%), especially among the youngest (p<0.0001). Approximately half of the sample reported frequent use of tight pants (51.1%) which was associated with young women (p=0.0002) and higher educational level (p=0.0173), as well as being a variable which identified almost twice the chance of appearance of vaginal discharge reported by participants [OR=1.95 (CI95%:1.35-2.81)]. It was verified that 97.9% of women performed pubic hair removal and 65.4% did because they believe it is important for hygiene. Generally, the razor blade was the main method used by women with low education and income. The "complete" genital hair removal was related by 52.1% of participants. Conclusion: Hygiene habits and genitalia care are still inadequate in a very high percentage of Brazilian women. Sociodemographic factors such as age, education level and monthly family income were associated with several aspects in practice of these habits
Doutorado
Fisiopatologia Ginecológica
Doutora em Ciências da Saúde
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Mosweunyane, Lentswe Donald. "Records management practices of hair salons in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/193.
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Thesis (M. Tech. (Business administration)) - Central University of technology, Free State, 2013This study was necessitated by the fact that being labour intensive, hair salons provide partial solution to South Africa’s high unemployment, poverty and inequality problems hence need to be supported so that they can grow and continue performing their expected labour absorption role. Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality in the North West Province of South Africa is a socio economically depressed area that depends on hair salons for employment. The prosperity of hair salons is therefore critical to the well-being of the inhabitants of the area. Unfortunately, proliferation of hair salon business in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality since the dawn of democracy in South Africa has created fierce competition for customers leading to lack of profitability and hair salons failures. While many reasons can account for business failure in the face of intense competitive environment, there is consensus from the literature that in the current information economy, appropriate management of records allows for quick access to reliable information and this is key to business success. In fact, resource-based view (RBV) of the firm suggests that a company’s quick access to reliable information that is contained in its resources allows that firm to gain sustainable competitive advantage that allows for superior performance. This calls for proper management of a company’s records. Accordingly, it is crucial that managers/owners of hair salons recognise the importance of good records management in their businesses in order to continuously have timely access to accurate information. Unfortunately, the researcher has informally observed a disturbing trend among some hair salons in Dr Ruth Mompati local municipality that flies in the face of what can be termed good records management. An informal visit to some of the salons in the region revealed an apparent laxity with which transactions were recorded. Worst still, Informal conversations with a few hair salons operators seem to suggests that records management may be a problem among hair salons as some even see it as more a liability than asset. This suggests that hair salons in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality might not be taking records management seriously. The question then is, how wide spread is this negative attitude towards records keeping in Dr Ruth Mompati local municipality? Or could this be the general sentiment in the hair salon industry as a whole? The purpose of this study was to assess the status of records management among hair salons in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality. The key finding of this study is that most hair salons in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality do practice records management to a certain extent. However, there are certain records that hair salons in the area regard as of no importance and therefore are neglected. The study also revealed that those hair salons that engage in good records management outperform those that do not. The study further revealed that most of the salons keep paper records although they would prefer electronic format. Lack of access to computers was cited as the greatest problem in keeping electronic records. Details of the study including findings, conclusions and recommendations are presented and discussed in the main report.
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Amoakoh, Edmund Owusu. "The status and influence of marketing research on the economic performance of hair saloons in the Bophirima region." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/199.
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Thesis (M. Tech. ( Business administration )) - Central University of technology, Free State, 2012Proliferation of the hair salon business in the Bophirima region has led to intense competition for customers and this can have unfortunate consequences for hair salon’s competitiveness hence survival and economic performance. The only choice left for hair salons in the words of owner/managers who were informally interviewed is to obtain accurate information on market trends and customer preferences so as to tailor products and services to meet customer preferences. From a strategic management perspective, it makes perfect sense that in the highly competitive arena that hair salons in the Bophirima find themselves, research on industry environment to obtain accurate information on market trends and customer preferences so as to tailor products and services that meet customer preferences is a must if they are to prosper. In other words, hair salons in the Bophirima region need to conduct marketing research if they must prosper. Conceptually, it is argued in this study that market research will reveal variables such as market demand, market opportunities, market threats, etc. which if scientifically analysed can produce information that can aid management in making informed decision that can lead to superior business performance. Unfortunately, there is the perception among the few hair salon operators informally interviewed in the Bophirima region that for small businesses such as hair salons, engaging in marketing research will be too expensive, cumbersome, and time consuming hence unnecessary. However, this perception may not be true as normative assertions and research evidence elsewhere suggests that for service organisations, regardless of size, marketing research leads to superior performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of marketing research within the hair salons in the Bophirima region and the impact that hair salon’s engagement in generally accepted (conventional) elements of marketing research activities have on the economic performance (as measured by profitability). Analysis of data obtained from 118 owner managers suggest that marketing research may not be something they engage in although they are very much aware of the business benefits of engaging in marketing research. The findings also suggest possible positive link between marketing research activity and profitability. Details of the research as well as conclusions and recommendations are presented and discussed in the report that follows.
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Welander, Mattias. "Hårvårdsverksamheter ur ett miljö- och hälsoskyddsperspektiv : Kartläggning av frisörer i Danderyd och Vaxholm och utarbetande av checklista för inspektioner." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6470.
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Hair care is a hygienic treatment and is supervised by the Local Environment and Public Health Committee in the municipality. According to the Swedish Environmental Code, hairdressers as all practitioners are required to take measurements to protect the environment and public health. In hygienic treatments hazards may arise from inadequate hygiene practice which spread infection. Hazards may also arise from the use of hair care products such as permanent wave solutions, bleaches and hair dyes. Some hair dye components are known to cause contact allergy, mostly in hair dressers who are exposed professionally but also in some cases in consumers. Bleaches increase the risk of occupational asthma in hairdressers. Some studies have shown an increased risk of cancer in hairdressers and possibly also in consumers. The use of cosmetic and hygienic products also affects the environment. Some components, e.g. surfactants, are hazardous to aquatic organisms, even though the contribution from hair care products is relatively small. Some hairdressers perform ear piercing. All activities that penetrate the skin involve a risk of infection. There is also a risk of developing a nickel allergy if the earrings are not nickel free. In Sweden, due to recently changed legislation, hairdressers no longer need to notify the Local Environment and Public Health Committee before starting a practice. The changes also mean that the rules about documentation of the measurements practitioners need to take to protect public health are less clear. The changes have made the supervision of hairdressers harder for the Local Environment and Public Health Committee.
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Wang, Haihong. "Co-designing hair care experience." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1291052568.
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Holmes, Helen. "Hair, the hairdresser and the everyday practices of women's hair care." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522412.
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DASHI, DIANA. "DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS FOR HAIR COLORING AND HAIR BLEACHING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2981622.
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Products claiming to be environmentally sustainable, naturally derived and free from “chemicals”, “paraben free”, “vegan” have gained much attention in the consumer market. Herbal dyes are biodegradable, non-toxic, soft and without any side effects. Keeping in mind these factors we did a study on plants that color hair. During our research we found different plants with health benefits derived from various parts of the tree such as flowers, bark, seeds, leaves and roots. The extracts powder have been diluted in water and tested by an acidic pH and a basic pH. Furthermore, some plants were tested in synergy with other plants or with various miscellaneous plants.
In the second part of this project we focused on the research of a new raw material that allows a reduction of skin irritation and sensitivity reaction due to synthetic dyes and in color formulation with monoethanolamine. The most common products for hair color formulated with synthetic dyes, allow to obtain good results, but such products can damage the structure of hair. It becomes more porous and in many cases can cause allergic reaction, such as itching, redness, desquamation, etc. PPD (Para-phenylenediamine) is a key ingredient found in the majority of permanent and semi-permanent hair dyes. It is the most common cause of an allergic reaction to hair coloring. Other chemicals in hair dyes, such as ammonia, peroxide, PTDS (para-toluenediamine sulfate), fragrance and pigments can also trigger scalp inflammation and itchiness. During our research we found the innovative formulation of Shield P-17 that allows without affecting the color results a net reduction of sensitization reactions and allergy due to PPD/PTD in the dye event in presence of MEA. It can be added directly into the dye’s preparatory formula after dyes have been added and around 60°C. In this part of the project we formulated four formulas Black, Brown, Red, Blonde following the mechanism of oxidation dyes. The study in vivo and salon test was done to evaluate scalp irritation, skin discomfort and performance during and after the application of a hair color formulated with Shield P-17. In the end we selected four formulas for each color to verify the product stability, meaning how long the product can maintain its original form without any visible changes, its intended physical, chemical and microbiological qualities as well as functionality under appropriate conditions.
The third part of the project focused on the hair bleaching products. The most common products for hair bleaching are formulated with ammonium persulphate and potassium persulphate which allow to obtain good results, but such products can damage the structure of hair. It becomes more porous and in many cases can cause irritating, redness, desquamation, allergic reaction etc. Keeping in mind these factors we did a research of new raw materials that have the capacity to improve the bleaching hair process and the sensoriality. Zeosafe CL-07 (INCI Name Zeolite) is a mineral of volcanic origin, with a regular and microporous crystal structure, characterized by a huge amount of void volumes inside the crystals. Chemically, zeolite is a hydrated aluminosilicates with three dimensionally structures with regular channels and interconnected pores of 4° diameter, contains water and cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺..) inside the structure. It has characteristics as molecular sieve, absorbent and cation exchange capacity with high selectivity. Due to these characteristics it has used to increase the bleaching process. Our study consists of five phases: application of the bleaching powder with a new chelant; the research of new actives to improve the final sensoriality; the application of bleaching powder with the active; the application of bleaching powder containing chelant and active substances; Other test by changing temperature, dilution, time, volume of hydrogen peroxide.
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Hargro, Brina. "Hair Matters: African American Women and the Natural Hair Aesthetic." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/95.
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This thesis addresses the negative cultural and social connotations of natural hair for African American women. This issue is examined throughout history from slavery to present day with a visual analysis of hair care advertisements. Presently, natural hair is gaining more positive implications; which can be affected by creating more positive images with natural hair. Using art as the vehicle for social change and using research to inform art has a positive impact on teaching and learning in the art classroom.
Books on the topic "Hair, care and hygiene"
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Romanowski, Perry. Hair care formulation for all hair types. Carol Stream, IL: Allured Business Media, 2011.
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Halal, John. Milady's hair care product & ingredients dictionary. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, 2004.
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Verret, D. J. Patient guide to hair loss & hair restoration. Plano, TX: WJ Sonnier Pub., 2009.
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Corporation, Allured Publishing. Hair care: From physiology to formulation. Atream, IL: Allured Pub. Corporation, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Hair, care and hygiene"
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Sprinzl, Linda Agresta. "Hair Care." In Encyclopedia of Women’s Health, 541–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_181.
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Simmons, John V. "Hair Care." In Science and the Beauty Business, 173–80. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19705-7_18.
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Palladino, Leo. "Hair Care." In The Principles and Practice of Hairdressing, 220–32. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19898-6_15.
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Theisler, Charles. "Gray Hair." In Adjuvant Medical Care, 147. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22898-161.
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Wilhelm, M., I. Lombeck, D. Hafner, and F. K. Ohnesorge. "Factors Influencing Cadmium and Lead Concentrations in Hair of Children." In Environmental Hygiene, 152–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73766-4_33.
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Buckley, David. "Hair Loss and Hair Growth." In Textbook of Primary Care Dermatology, 347–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29101-3_40.
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Moro, Maria Luisa, Marie-Noëlle Chraïti, and Benedetta Allegranzi. "Hand Hygiene in Long-Term Care Facilities and Home Care." In Hand Hygiene, 329–36. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118846810.ch42c.
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Shipp, J. J. "Hair-care products." In Chemistry and Technology of the Cosmetics and Toiletries Industry, 32–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2268-9_2.
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Shipp, J. J. "Hair-care products." In Chemistry and Technology of the Cosmetics and Toiletries Industry, 36–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1555-8_2.
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Inamoto, Yoko, Kannit Pongpipatpaiboon, Seiko Shibata, Yoichiro Aoyagi, Hitoshi Kagaya, and Koichiro Matsuo. "Oral Hygiene Care." In Dysphagia Evaluation and Treatment, 101–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5032-9_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Hair, care and hygiene"
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Cowin, P. "124. Industrial Hygiene Career Development Program." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764784.
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"Chemical Danger in Hair Keratin Care." In 3rd International Conference on Innovative Academic Studies. All Sciences Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/icias.1586.
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Paik, N. "37. Practice of Industrial Hygiene in Korea." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765058.
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Nawakowski, A. "250. Industrial Hygiene Initiatives in Eastern Europe." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764919.
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Yoo, Uksang, Nathaniel Dennler, Maja Mataric, Stefanos Nikolaidis, Jean Oh, and Jeffrey Ichnowski. "MOE-Hair: Toward Soft and Compliant Contact-rich Hair Manipulation and Care." In HRI '24: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3610978.3640682.
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Petosa, L. "102. IAQ and Mechanical Hygiene: The Nuts and Bolts." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764763.
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Esposito, P., and T. Stich. "127. Integrating Performance Measures with Industrial Hygiene Program Evaluations." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764787.
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Groover, D. "128. Behavioral Analysis: Bringing Good Science to Industrial Hygiene." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764788.
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Higley, R., and G. Gruenwald. "45. Practical Aspects of Performing Industrial Hygiene Surveys at Embalming Operations." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765146.
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Kothalawala, Malki, and Samantha Thelijjagoda. "Aspect-based sentiment analysis on hair care product reviews." In 2020 International Research Conference on Smart Computing and Systems Engineering (SCSE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scse49731.2020.9313040.
Full textReports on the topic "Hair, care and hygiene"
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Schroeder, Kelly, Lisa Heaton, Paige Martin, Morgan Santoro, and Eric Tranby. Oral Hygiene Home Care Practices in America. CareQuest Institute for Oral Health, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35565/cqi.2023.2003.
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Mitchell Dove, Lakindra. Got Hair that Flows in the Wind: The Complexity of Hair and Identity among African American Female Adolescents in Foster Care. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2318.
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Souza, Elaine Oliveira, Poliana Leal Silva, Rudval Souza Silva, Flávia Catarino Conceição Ferreira, and Larissa Chaves Pedreira. Self-care for oral hygiene in adults and the elderly in nursing: scope review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0034.
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Review question / Objective: This scoping review will use the following question: What is the concept of self-care for oral hygiene in adults and elderly individuals in nursing care settings? Subsequent questions will be used in order to achieve better results, as follows: What does the demand for self-care for oral hygiene require? What is self-care for oral hygiene? What results stem from the self-care deficit for oral hygiene? The objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence available in the field of nursing on the antecedents, attributes and consequences of self-care for oral hygiene in adults and elderly individuals. Information sources: Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS and IBECS will be used. As gray literature, the CAPES Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations and the OpenGrey platform will be evaluated.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Jenkins, J. Lee, Edbert B. Hsu, Anna Russell, Allen Zhang, Lisa M. Wilson, and Eric B. Bass. Infection Prevention and Control for the Emergency Medical Services and 911 Workforce. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb42.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives. To summarize current evidence on exposures to infectious pathogens in the emergency medical services (EMS) and 911 workforce, and on practices for preventing, recognizing, and controlling occupationally acquired infectious diseases and related exposures in that workforce. Review methods. We obtained advice on how to answer four Guiding Questions by recruiting a panel of external experts on EMS clinicians, State-level EMS leadership, and programs relevant to EMS personnel, and by engaging representatives of professional societies in infectious diseases and emergency medicine. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, CINAHL®, and SCOPUS from January 2006 to March 2022 for relevant studies. We also searched for reports from State and Federal Government agencies or nongovernmental organizations interested in infection prevention and control in the EMS and 911 workforce. Results. Twenty-five observational studies reported on the epidemiology of infections in the EMS and 911 workforce. They did not report demographic differences except for a higher risk of hepatitis C in older workers and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in minorities. EMS clinicians certified/licensed in Advanced Life Support have a high risk for blood and fluid exposure, and EMS clinicians had a higher risk of hospitalization or death from SARS-CoV-2 than firefighters whose roles were not primarily related to medical care. Eleven observational studies reported on infection prevention and control practices (IPC), providing some evidence that hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and on-site vaccine clinics are effective. Research on IPC in EMS and 911 workers has increased significantly since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Conclusions. Moderate evidence exists on the epidemiology of infections and effectiveness of IPC practices in EMS and 911 workers, including hand hygiene, standard precautions, mandatory vaccine policies, and vaccine clinics. Most evidence is observational, with widely varying methods, outcomes, and reporting. More research is needed on personal protective equipment effectiveness and vaccine acceptance, and better guidance is needed for research methods in the EMS and 911 worker setting.
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Boyes, Allison, Jamie Bryant, Alix Hall, and Elise Mansfield. Barriers and enablers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer to accessing timely cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment. The Sax Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/ieoy3254.
Full textAbstract:
• Older adults have complex and unique needs that can influence how and when cancer is diagnosed, the types of treatment that are offered, how well treatment is tolerated and treatment outcomes. • This Evidence Check review identified 41 studies that specifically addressed barriers and enablers to cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment among adults aged 65 years and older. • Question 1: The main barriers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer to access and participate in timely cancer screening relate to lack of knowledge, fear of cancer, negative beliefs about the consequences of cancer, and hygiene concerns in completing testing. The main enablers to participation in timely cancer screening include positive/helpful beliefs about screening, social influences that encourage participation and knowledge. • Question 2: The main barriers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer to access and/or seek timely cancer diagnosis relate to lack of knowledge of the signs and symptoms of cancer that are distinct from existing conditions and ageing, healthcare accessibility difficulties, perceived inadequate clinical response from healthcare providers, and harmful patient beliefs about risk factors and signs of cancer. The main enablers to accessing and/or seeking a timely cancer diagnosis include knowledge of the signs and symptoms of cancer, and support from family and friends that encourage help-seeking for symptoms. • Question 3: The main barriers for older people at risk of and/or living with cancer in accessing and completing cancer treatment include discrimination against patients in the form of ageism, lack of knowledge, patient concern about the adverse effects of treatment, predominantly on their independence, healthcare accessibility difficulties including travel and financial burden, and patients’ caring responsibilities. The main enablers to accessing and completing cancer treatment are social support from peers in a similar situation, family and friends, the influence of healthcare providers, and involving patients in treatment decision making. • Implications. The development of strategies to address the inequity of cancer outcomes in people aged 65 years and older in NSW should consider: Increasing community members’ and patients’ knowledge and awareness by providing written information and decision support tools from a trusted source Reducing travel and financial burden by widely disseminating information about existing support schemes and expanding remote patient monitoring and telehealth Improving social support by promoting peer support, and building the support capacity of family carers Addressing ageism by supporting patients in decision making, and disseminating education initiatives about geriatric oncology to healthcare providers Providing interdisciplinary geriatric oncology care by including a geriatrician as part of multidisciplinary teams and/or expanding geriatric oncology clinics.