Dissertations / Theses: 'Hair, care and hygiene'

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Mitchell, Dove Lakindra Michelle. "Got Hair that Flows in the Wind: The Complexity of Hair and Identity among African American Female Adolescents in Foster Care." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2321.

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African American children are disproportionately over-represented in the child welfare system. Many of these children linger in the system and experience disconnection from their biological families, communities, cultural beliefs, values, and practices. Familial socialization and cultural exposure are essential to developing a positive ethnic identity and self-concept. For African American female adolescents, hair and hair care are critical areas for such socialization and support. This qualitative study explored the hair and hair care perceptions and experiences of African American female adolescents in foster care. The goal was to examine hair and hair's connection to, and influence on, sense of self and self-esteem for African American female adolescents in foster care. Eleven African American female adolescents participated in individual interviews, and grounded theory was used to analyze the data. Four major themes emerged: hair care, perception of hair and identity as an African American female, societal influences on self-awareness, and influence of the foster care system. Results from the study indicated African American female adolescents in foster care identify hair as important. Participants noted hair is connected to appearance and shapes who they are and how they view themselves as African American females. Participants addressed the complexity of hair and politics associated with hair. The findings further emphasized the role of racial socialization and the importance of a supportive hair care environment. Participants also discussed their awareness of societal influences on their perception of African American women. They offered recommendations for improving the hair care experiences of African American children in foster care, for supporting positive development of identity and self-esteem, and for implementing standards of practice that will ensure these youths' cultural needs are addressed in the child welfare system.

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Bardin, Marcela Grigol 1988. "Higiene e cuidados com a genitália em mulheres com vulvovaginites = Hygiene and genital care of women with vulvovaginitis." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312983.

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Orientadores: Paulo César Giraldo, Cristina Laguna Benetti Pinto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: INTRODUÇÃO: A vaginose bacteriana (VB) e a candidíase vaginal (CV) são as vulvovaginites (VV) mais frequentemente encontradas em mulheres durante o ciclo reprodutivo. Embora os tratamentos dessas VV estejam esclarecidos, a prevenção ainda é pouco estudada. Os hábitos de higiene e cuidados diários com a genitália feminina são fatores que podem influenciar o ecossistema vulvovaginal, facilitando a instalação dessas VV. OBJETIVO: Verificar os hábitos de lavagem, uso de absorventes higiênicos, práticas depilatórias, uso de piercings e tatuagens, tipo indumentária e atividades sexuais em mulheres com VV. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal utilizou questionário contendo 60 perguntas, divididas nos seguintes domínios: I ¿ Limpeza genital; II ¿ Uso de absorventes higiênicos; III ¿ Práticas depilatórias; IV ¿ Uso de piercings e tatuagens genitais; V ¿ Tipo indumentária e VI ¿ Atividades sexuais. Foram analisadas 307 mulheres de 18 a 45 anos, atendidas nos ambulatórios de um hospital universitário (Universidade Estadual de campinas, Brasil). Realizou-se exame ginecológico para diagnóstico de VB e CV por bacterioscopia e cultura de fungo, além de medir pH e realizar teste de Whiff. Os critérios de exclusão foram: uso de antibiótico até 15 dias antes da inclusão, antecedente de câncer, sorologia positiva para HIV e/ou sífilis e presença doença imunossupressora. Este estudo teve a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Unicamp sob número de protocolo 1836/2013 e todas as voluntárias assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido previamente à participação neste estudo. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de março a novembro de 2013. Para a análise estatística, consideraram-se dois grupos principais: mulheres sem e com vulvovaginites (presença de VB, CV e ambas) que foram comparados entre si. Também se realizou uma segunda análise de cada tipo de VV isoladamente (VB, CV e ambas associadas) versus mulheres sem vulvovaginites. Foram empregados os testes de Fischer e Qui-quadrado através do EPI INFO 0.5. Considerou-se nível de significância quando p<,05. RESULTADOS: Entre as 307 participantes, 46% foram diagnosticadas com VV presentes e 54% sem VV. Quando comparados estes grupos, não se encontraram diferenças significativas quanto à idade, IMC, escolaridade, número de gestações, número de partos, estado marital, raça, religião, uso de métodos contraceptivos, tabagismo, tempo fora de casa e queixas de dispareunia. A média de idade foi de 33,6 (±6,8) anos e de escolaridade 10,4 (±3,3) anos de estudo. A presença de VV esteve significativamente associada ao menor uso de produtos para higiene genital tais como sabonete líquido íntimo para higiene diária (p=,04) e lenço úmido para higiene pós-miccional (p=,04) e maior uso de sabonete bactericida para realização da lavagem genital durante o banho (<,0001). As mulheres com VV utilizaram mais calcinhas de tecido sintético (p<,05), apresentaram mais ciclos menstruais (p<,0001) que aquelas sem VV e apresentaram hábitos de uso de absorventes semelhantes. As mulheres com VB praticaram mais o sexo anal nos últimos 30 dias (p<,0001) e usavam mais substâncias erógenas (p<,02) que aquelas sem VV. Não houve diferenças significativas de frequência de relações sexuais, dispareunia, sexo oral e uso de lubrificantes entre os grupos estudados. A análise da depilação genital também não evidenciou diferenças significativas quanto ao método utilizado, motivação, frequência, área de depilação, irritabilidade vulvar, produtos pós-depilatórios e opinião sobre a influência da depilação genital sobre a saúde feminina. Apesar de ser um número baixo, mulheres com CV apresentaram mais tatuagens genitais que os demais grupos (p=,04) e apenas uma mulher apresentou piercing genital. CONCLUSÕES: Alguns hábitos de lavagem da genitália, a presença de ciclos menstruais, o uso de calcinhas de tecido sintético, relações sexuais anais e uso de substâncias erógenas na genitália se associaram à frequência de vulvovaginites. Especialmente estas últimas relacionadas aos hábitos sexuais estiveram associadas à presença de vaginose bacteriana. Os hábitos de uso de absorventes higiênicos e depilatórios não se associaram à presença de VV. Os adornos genitais foram raros, porém encontraram-se mais tatuagens genitais em mulheres com CV
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vaginal candidiasis (VC) are the most frequently vulvovaginitis (VV) encountered during in women at reproductive cycle. Although the treatments of VV are clear, prevention is still little studied. Hygiene habits and daily care with the female genitalia are factors that can influence the vulvovaginal ecosystem, and might facilitate the installation of these VV. MAIN: To investigate the genital washing habits, use of sanitary pads, genital hair removal, use of piercings and tattoos, clothing type and sexual activity in women with VV. METHODS: Cross-sectional study used a questionnaire containing 60 questions, divided into the following areas: I ¿ Genital Cleaning; II ¿ Use of sanitary pads; III ¿ depilatory practices; IV ¿ Use of genital piercings and tattoos; V ¿ clothing type and VI ¿ Sexual Activities. Were analyzed 307 women from 18 to 45 years, attended at two outpatient clinics of a university hospital (University of Campinas, Brazil). Gynecological exam was performed for collecting vaginal material for BV and VC diagnosis by Gram stain and culture of fungus, as well as measured pH and performed Whiff test. Exclusion criteria were: use of antibiotics within 15 days before enrollment, history of cancer, HIV positive and/or other immunosuppressive disease. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UNICAMP Research under protocol number 1836/2013 and all volunteers signed an informed consent form prior to their participation in this study. Data collection was conducted from March to November 2013. For statistical analysis, we considered two main groups: women with and without vulvovaginitis (presence of BV, VC and both) were compared to each other. It was also conducted a second analysis of each group of VV alone (BV, VC and both combined) versus women without vulvovaginitis. Statistical analysis used exact Fischer and chi-square tests by the EPI INFO 0.5. It was considered a significance level of p<.05. RESULTS: Among the 307 participants, 46% were diagnosed with VV and 54% without VV. When comparing these groups, there were no significant differences in age, BMI, duration of study, number of pregnancies, number of births, marital status, race, religion, use of contraceptives, smoking, time away from home and complaints of dyspareunia. The mean age was 33.6 (± 6.8) years of education and 10.4 (± 3.3) years of education. The presence of VV was significantly associated with lower use of genital hygiene products such as liquid soap for daily intimate hygiene (p=.04) and moist napkin as hygiene post urination (p=.04) and, on the other hand, increased use of antibacterial soap for daily genital wash (<.0001). Women with VV used more panties of synthetic fabric (p<.05), had more menstrual cycles (p<.0001) than those without VV and similar use of sanitary pads. Women with BV practiced more anal sex in the last 30 days (p<.0001) and used more erogenous substances (p<.02) than those without VV. There were no significant differences in frequency of sexual intercourse, dyspareunia, oral sex and using lubricants between groups. The analysis of genital hair removal also showed no significant differences in the method used, motivation, frequency, area of hair removal, vulvar irritability, post-depilatory used products, and opinion about the influence of genital waxing on women's health. Despite being a low number, women with genital VC had more tattoos than the other groups (p=.04) and only one woman had genital piercing. CONCLUSIONS: Some habits related to genitalia washing, the presence of menstrual cycles, the use of synthetic fabric underwear, anal intercourse and use of erogenous substances during sexual intercourse were associated with frequency of vulvovaginitis. Especially anal sex on the last 30 days previous to diagnosis and use of erogenous substances during sexual intercourse were specifically associated with the presence of bacterial vaginosis. Use of sanitary pads and hair removal habits were not associated with the presence of VV. The genital adornments were rare but genital tattoos were most common among women with VC
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Ginecológica
Mestra em Ciências da Saúde

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Piassarolli, Virginia Pianessole 1983. "Higiene e cuidados com a genitália de mulheres na menacme = estudo de base-populacional = Hygiene and genital care of menacme women : a population-based study." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312981.

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Orientadores: Paulo César Giraldo, Angélica Espinosa Barbosa Miranda
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A higiene é o conjunto de cuidados corporais, do ambiente e de um modo de viver, de se vestir e de habitar para evitar doenças com o objetivo de conservar e fortificar a saúde. Em se tratando de saúde genital, a relação não poderia ser outra, uma vez que esta é parte integrante e inseparável da saúde geral do indivíduo. Estas ações são dependentes da condição social da população e previnem complicações e desconfortos, especialmente na área genital feminina, porém ainda não foram bem estudadas. Objetivo: Avaliar hábitos de higiene e cuidados com a genitália de mulheres no menacme e associá-los com fatores sociodemográficos. Sujeitos e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal de base populacional, por amostragem, em todas as 28 Unidades de Saúde de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram incluídas aleatoriamente 474 mulheres, admitidas em seus domicílios, no período de Julho de 2012 a Dezembro 2013. Um questionário auto-respondido foi preenchido de maneira sigilosa contendo 56 perguntas relacionadas ao tema, divididas nos seguintes domínios: I ¿ Limpeza genital; II ¿ Uso de absorventes higiênicos; III ¿ Práticas depilatórias; IV ¿ Uso de piercings e tatuagens genitais; V ¿ Tipo de Indumentária e VI ¿ Práticas sexuais. Além das variáveis relacionadas à higiene, foram considerados fatores sociodemográficos como idade, nível de escolaridade e renda familiar mensal, e algumas variáveis clínicas. A análise dos dados empregou o teste exato de Fisher para averiguar associação entre as variáveis; e regressão múltipla logística para verificar a chance de complicações clínicas e ginecológicas. O nível de significância considerado foi p<0,05. Resultados: A média da idade das participantes foi de 31 anos (± 7,7), 54% eram não caucasianas, casadas ou com parceiros (56,8%), com renda familiar inferior a R$ 1500,00 (53,7%) e 69,6% haviam cursado até o Ensino Médio. As análises sobre os hábitos de higiene demonstraram que 57,4% das mulheres tomavam dois banhos por dia, entretanto 51% lavavam a vulva mais de três vezes ao dia. O uso de lenços umedecidos foi relatado por 13,5% e somente 17,9% das entrevistadas realizavam corretamente a higiene após evacuação. Ducha vaginal foi descrita por 47% dos casos, quase 20% faziam esfoliação na região vulvar e 44,5% relataram corrimento vaginal frequentemente. O uso frequente do protetor diário ocorreu em 38,9% da população, entretanto somente 40,7% destas usavam o protetor sem película plástica. Mulheres mais jovens (p<0,0001) e com maiores níveis de escolaridade (p=0,0390) usavam menos absorventes internos. Observou-se que quanto maior a troca diária do número de absorventes durante o período menstrual, menor foi a chance de aparecimento de fissuras como complicação [OR=0,11 (IC95%:0,02-0,48)]. Quanto ao uso de vestimentas, o tipo de calcinha menos utilizada foi a sintética (5,5%) e os modelos fio dental ou tanga foram os mais relatados (68,6%), principalmente entre as mais jovens (p<0,0001). Cerca de metade da amostra referiu o uso frequente de calças apertadas (51,1%), o que esteve associado às mulheres jovens (p=0,0002) e com maior nível de escolaridade (p=0,0173), além de ser uma variável que identificou uma chance quase duas vezes maior do aparecimento de corrimento vaginal relatado pelas participantes [OR=1,95 (IC95%:1,35-2,81)]. Verificou-se que 97,9% das mulheres realizavam depilação íntima e 65,4% acreditavam ser importante para higiene. Em geral, mulheres com baixa escolaridade e renda utilizavam a lâmina de barbear como principal método. A depilação genital de forma "completa" foi relatada por 52,1% das participantes. Conclusão: Os hábitos de higiene e cuidados com a genitália ainda são inadequados em um percentual muito elevado de mulheres brasileiras. Fatores sociodemográficos como idade, nível de escolaridade e renda familiar mensal associaram-se com diversos aspectos na prática destes hábitos
Abstract: Hygiene is the set of body care, of the environment and a way of living, dressing and inhabits to prevent diseases with the goal of preserving and strengthening the health. In terms of genital health, the relation could not be different, since this is an integral and inseparable part of the overall individual health. These actions are dependent on the social status of the population and prevent complications and discomfort, especially in the genital area, but have not been well studied. Objective: To evaluate hygiene and care genitalia among women in menacme and associate them with sociodemographic factors. Subjects and methods: A population-based study was conducted, by sampling at all 28 health units in Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Randomized 474 women were included, admitted in their homes between July 2012 to December 2013. A self-administered questionnaire was completed confidentially containing 56 questions related to the subject, divided into the following areas: I - Genital cleaning; II - Use of sanitary pads; III - Depilatory practices; IV - Use of genital piercings and tattoos; V -Clothing type and VI - Sexual practices. Apart from hygiene-related variables were considered sociodemographic factors such as age, education level and monthly family income, and some clinical variables. Fisher Exact Test was used to assess associations between variables; and multiple logistic regression to verify the chance of gynecological and clinical complications. Significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: The average age of participants was 31 years (± 7.7), 54% were not caucasian, married or had partners (56.8%), with family income less than R $ 1500.00 (53.7%) and 69.6% had attended high school. Analyses of hygiene habits showed that 57.4% of women took two baths per day, however 51% washed the vulva more than three times daily. The use of wet wipes was reported by 13.5% and only 17.9% of respondents performed correctly hygiene after defecation. Vaginal douching was reported by 47% of cases, almost 20% did exfoliation in vulvar region and 44.5% reported vaginal discharge frequently. The frequent use of the panty liners occurred in 38.9% of the population, however only 40.7% of these used without plastic layer. Younger women (p<0.0001) and with higher levels of education (p = 0.0390) used less tampons. It was observed that the greater the number of daily change of the absorbent during the menstrual period, the lower chance of appearance of fissures as genital complication [OR=0.11 (CI95%:0.02-0.48)]. Regarding the use of clothes, the type of underwear was less synthetic (5.5%) and the models thong or string were the most common (68.6%), especially among the youngest (p<0.0001). Approximately half of the sample reported frequent use of tight pants (51.1%) which was associated with young women (p=0.0002) and higher educational level (p=0.0173), as well as being a variable which identified almost twice the chance of appearance of vaginal discharge reported by participants [OR=1.95 (CI95%:1.35-2.81)]. It was verified that 97.9% of women performed pubic hair removal and 65.4% did because they believe it is important for hygiene. Generally, the razor blade was the main method used by women with low education and income. The "complete" genital hair removal was related by 52.1% of participants. Conclusion: Hygiene habits and genitalia care are still inadequate in a very high percentage of Brazilian women. Sociodemographic factors such as age, education level and monthly family income were associated with several aspects in practice of these habits
Doutorado
Fisiopatologia Ginecológica
Doutora em Ciências da Saúde

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Mosweunyane, Lentswe Donald. "Records management practices of hair salons in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/193.

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Thesis (M. Tech. (Business administration)) - Central University of technology, Free State, 2013
This study was necessitated by the fact that being labour intensive, hair salons provide partial solution to South Africa’s high unemployment, poverty and inequality problems hence need to be supported so that they can grow and continue performing their expected labour absorption role. Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality in the North West Province of South Africa is a socio economically depressed area that depends on hair salons for employment. The prosperity of hair salons is therefore critical to the well-being of the inhabitants of the area. Unfortunately, proliferation of hair salon business in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality since the dawn of democracy in South Africa has created fierce competition for customers leading to lack of profitability and hair salons failures. While many reasons can account for business failure in the face of intense competitive environment, there is consensus from the literature that in the current information economy, appropriate management of records allows for quick access to reliable information and this is key to business success. In fact, resource-based view (RBV) of the firm suggests that a company’s quick access to reliable information that is contained in its resources allows that firm to gain sustainable competitive advantage that allows for superior performance. This calls for proper management of a company’s records. Accordingly, it is crucial that managers/owners of hair salons recognise the importance of good records management in their businesses in order to continuously have timely access to accurate information. Unfortunately, the researcher has informally observed a disturbing trend among some hair salons in Dr Ruth Mompati local municipality that flies in the face of what can be termed good records management. An informal visit to some of the salons in the region revealed an apparent laxity with which transactions were recorded. Worst still, Informal conversations with a few hair salons operators seem to suggests that records management may be a problem among hair salons as some even see it as more a liability than asset. This suggests that hair salons in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality might not be taking records management seriously. The question then is, how wide spread is this negative attitude towards records keeping in Dr Ruth Mompati local municipality? Or could this be the general sentiment in the hair salon industry as a whole? The purpose of this study was to assess the status of records management among hair salons in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality. The key finding of this study is that most hair salons in Dr. Ruth Segomotsi Mompati district municipality do practice records management to a certain extent. However, there are certain records that hair salons in the area regard as of no importance and therefore are neglected. The study also revealed that those hair salons that engage in good records management outperform those that do not. The study further revealed that most of the salons keep paper records although they would prefer electronic format. Lack of access to computers was cited as the greatest problem in keeping electronic records. Details of the study including findings, conclusions and recommendations are presented and discussed in the main report.

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Amoakoh, Edmund Owusu. "The status and influence of marketing research on the economic performance of hair saloons in the Bophirima region." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/199.

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Thesis (M. Tech. ( Business administration )) - Central University of technology, Free State, 2012
Proliferation of the hair salon business in the Bophirima region has led to intense competition for customers and this can have unfortunate consequences for hair salon’s competitiveness hence survival and economic performance. The only choice left for hair salons in the words of owner/managers who were informally interviewed is to obtain accurate information on market trends and customer preferences so as to tailor products and services to meet customer preferences. From a strategic management perspective, it makes perfect sense that in the highly competitive arena that hair salons in the Bophirima find themselves, research on industry environment to obtain accurate information on market trends and customer preferences so as to tailor products and services that meet customer preferences is a must if they are to prosper. In other words, hair salons in the Bophirima region need to conduct marketing research if they must prosper. Conceptually, it is argued in this study that market research will reveal variables such as market demand, market opportunities, market threats, etc. which if scientifically analysed can produce information that can aid management in making informed decision that can lead to superior business performance. Unfortunately, there is the perception among the few hair salon operators informally interviewed in the Bophirima region that for small businesses such as hair salons, engaging in marketing research will be too expensive, cumbersome, and time consuming hence unnecessary. However, this perception may not be true as normative assertions and research evidence elsewhere suggests that for service organisations, regardless of size, marketing research leads to superior performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of marketing research within the hair salons in the Bophirima region and the impact that hair salon’s engagement in generally accepted (conventional) elements of marketing research activities have on the economic performance (as measured by profitability). Analysis of data obtained from 118 owner managers suggest that marketing research may not be something they engage in although they are very much aware of the business benefits of engaging in marketing research. The findings also suggest possible positive link between marketing research activity and profitability. Details of the research as well as conclusions and recommendations are presented and discussed in the report that follows.

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Welander, Mattias. "Hårvårdsverksamheter ur ett miljö- och hälsoskyddsperspektiv : Kartläggning av frisörer i Danderyd och Vaxholm och utarbetande av checklista för inspektioner." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6470.

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Hair care is a hygienic treatment and is supervised by the Local Environment and Public Health Committee in the municipality. According to the Swedish Environmental Code, hairdressers as all practitioners are required to take measurements to protect the environment and public health. In hygienic treatments hazards may arise from inadequate hygiene practice which spread infection. Hazards may also arise from the use of hair care products such as permanent wave solutions, bleaches and hair dyes. Some hair dye components are known to cause contact allergy, mostly in hair dressers who are exposed professionally but also in some cases in consumers. Bleaches increase the risk of occupational asthma in hairdressers. Some studies have shown an increased risk of cancer in hairdressers and possibly also in consumers. The use of cosmetic and hygienic products also affects the environment. Some components, e.g. surfactants, are hazardous to aquatic organisms, even though the contribution from hair care products is relatively small. Some hairdressers perform ear piercing. All activities that penetrate the skin involve a risk of infection. There is also a risk of developing a nickel allergy if the earrings are not nickel free. In Sweden, due to recently changed legislation, hairdressers no longer need to notify the Local Environment and Public Health Committee before starting a practice. The changes also mean that the rules about documentation of the measurements practitioners need to take to protect public health are less clear. The changes have made the supervision of hairdressers harder for the Local Environment and Public Health Committee.

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Wang, Haihong. "Co-designing hair care experience." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1291052568.

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Holmes, Helen. "Hair, the hairdresser and the everyday practices of women's hair care." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522412.

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DASHI, DIANA. "DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS FOR HAIR COLORING AND HAIR BLEACHING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2981622.

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Products claiming to be environmentally sustainable, naturally derived and free from “chemicals”, “paraben free”, “vegan” have gained much attention in the consumer market. Herbal dyes are biodegradable, non-toxic, soft and without any side effects. Keeping in mind these factors we did a study on plants that color hair. During our research we found different plants with health benefits derived from various parts of the tree such as flowers, bark, seeds, leaves and roots. The extracts powder have been diluted in water and tested by an acidic pH and a basic pH. Furthermore, some plants were tested in synergy with other plants or with various miscellaneous plants. In the second part of this project we focused on the research of a new raw material that allows a reduction of skin irritation and sensitivity reaction due to synthetic dyes and in color formulation with monoethanolamine. The most common products for hair color formulated with synthetic dyes, allow to obtain good results, but such products can damage the structure of hair. It becomes more porous and in many cases can cause allergic reaction, such as itching, redness, desquamation, etc. PPD (Para-phenylenediamine) is a key ingredient found in the majority of permanent and semi-permanent hair dyes. It is the most common cause of an allergic reaction to hair coloring. Other chemicals in hair dyes, such as ammonia, peroxide, PTDS (para-toluenediamine sulfate), fragrance and pigments can also trigger scalp inflammation and itchiness. During our research we found the innovative formulation of Shield P-17 that allows without affecting the color results a net reduction of sensitization reactions and allergy due to PPD/PTD in the dye event in presence of MEA. It can be added directly into the dye’s preparatory formula after dyes have been added and around 60°C. In this part of the project we formulated four formulas Black, Brown, Red, Blonde following the mechanism of oxidation dyes. The study in vivo and salon test was done to evaluate scalp irritation, skin discomfort and performance during and after the application of a hair color formulated with Shield P-17. In the end we selected four formulas for each color to verify the product stability, meaning how long the product can maintain its original form without any visible changes, its intended physical, chemical and microbiological qualities as well as functionality under appropriate conditions. The third part of the project focused on the hair bleaching products. The most common products for hair bleaching are formulated with ammonium persulphate and potassium persulphate which allow to obtain good results, but such products can damage the structure of hair. It becomes more porous and in many cases can cause irritating, redness, desquamation, allergic reaction etc. Keeping in mind these factors we did a research of new raw materials that have the capacity to improve the bleaching hair process and the sensoriality. Zeosafe CL-07 (INCI Name Zeolite) is a mineral of volcanic origin, with a regular and microporous crystal structure, characterized by a huge amount of void volumes inside the crystals. Chemically, zeolite is a hydrated aluminosilicates with three dimensionally structures with regular channels and interconnected pores of 4° diameter, contains water and cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺..) inside the structure. It has characteristics as molecular sieve, absorbent and cation exchange capacity with high selectivity. Due to these characteristics it has used to increase the bleaching process. Our study consists of five phases: application of the bleaching powder with a new chelant; the research of new actives to improve the final sensoriality; the application of bleaching powder with the active; the application of bleaching powder containing chelant and active substances; Other test by changing temperature, dilution, time, volume of hydrogen peroxide.

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Hargro, Brina. "Hair Matters: African American Women and the Natural Hair Aesthetic." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/95.

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This thesis addresses the negative cultural and social connotations of natural hair for African American women. This issue is examined throughout history from slavery to present day with a visual analysis of hair care advertisements. Presently, natural hair is gaining more positive implications; which can be affected by creating more positive images with natural hair. Using art as the vehicle for social change and using research to inform art has a positive impact on teaching and learning in the art classroom.

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Magner, MaryBeth. "The Effects of Managed Care on the Quality of Dental Hygiene Care." TopSCHOLAR®, 1998. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/344.

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Managed care has become a prominent mechanism for insuring dental care. Empirical research suggests that managed dental plans provide lower quality care to patients. However, few studies have specifically addressed the effects of managed care on the quality of dental hygiene care. Thus, in this study the researcher examines whether dental hygienists deliver a lower level of treatment to managed care patients than to those who are not subject to managed care. Questionnaire data were gathered from 193 members of the American Dental Hygienists' Association residing in the Chicago area. The primary independent variable, managed care, was measured with an item that asked the respondents to indicate the percentage of patients they treat that are insured by a managed dental plan. The questionnaire also contained items that measured the frequency in which the respondents perform 23 tasks that are indicators of quality of dental hygiene care. Principal components factor analysis of these 23 items yielded the study's two dependent variables: periodontal procedures and appointment time. Regression analysis of the data revealed a significant negative relationship between managed care and appointment time. This relationship may be attributable to an economic incentive on the part of dentist-employers who control the amount of time scheduled for dental hygienists' patients. Dentist-employers may reduce the time available for managed care patients in order to allow longer appointments for more profitable fee-for-service patients. The study results did not support the notion that managed care affects the extent to which dental hygienists perform periodontal procedures. These mixed results suggest that future research should examine the relationships between managed care and other aspects of quality of dental hygiene care not addressed in the current study.

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Njenje, Charles Chukwuemeka. "Improving Hand Hygiene in an Intensive Care Unit." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5914.

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Health-care-associated infections (HCAIs) affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, causing morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. About 2 million patients suffer from HCAIs in the United States, and it is estimated that 99,000 of them die each year. Studies have indicated that transmission of health-care-associated microorganisms occurs through contaminated hands of health care workers. Hand hygiene (HH) is the single most effective way to prevent health-care-associated infections, yet health care workers' hand hygiene compliance remains low. One factor responsible for poor compliance with hand hygiene guide-lines are lack of knowledge of good hand hygiene and lack of hand hygiene techniques. This project evaluated the effect of educational program on hand hygiene for intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare workers. The Health Belief Model was applied as the framework in this project. Key components of the model are perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and perceived barriers. A convenience sample of 25 ICU healthcare workers participated in the educational program. Pre- and post- education surveys and tests were assessed using descriptive statistics. Results were consistent with existing findings indicating that education is needed to improve HH compliance and that effective HH reduces infections. The findings from this project may contribute to positive social change by promoting increased HH knowledge and infection prevention while decreasing complications of treatments, costs, morbidity, and mortality, thereby promoting a healthy and safe community.

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Shern, Stacy N. "My Hair or Health: Investigating the Impact of Hair Care and Maintenance on the Health of African American Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin149131762738866.

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14

Griffiths, John H. "Verbal regulation of behaviour in children : establishing effective dental care." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357889.

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Lungui, Ilona. "Hand Hygiene and Compliance Rates in an Acute Care Setting." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6454.

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Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a significant problem faced by healthcare organizations globally. The Centers for Disease Control reported that in 2014, 722,000 patients acquired an HAI, and of those, 75,000 died as a result. This project focused on reeducating healthcare staff on hand hygiene practices to prevent HAIs. Preintervention hand hygiene compliance rates were compared to postintervention hand hygiene compliance rates on 2 units in an acute care setting to evaluate if reeducation of healthcare staff on hand hygiene protocols and practices would increase hand hygiene compliance rates. The evidence-based practice model used for this project was Nightingale's environmental theory. The research question for the study examined the effectiveness of hand hygiene reeducation on hand hygiene compliance rates. Participants included 97 nurses and ancillary staff. Hand hygiene compliance rates were compared 1 month before and 1 month after healthcare staff reeducation. Results showed an 18% increase in compliance rates following reeducation. These results might effect positive social change by reinforcing that reeducation has an impact on compliance rates for hand hygiene among nursing and ancillary staff in acute care settings.

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Lisauckis, Lisa Elena. "Herbal supplement education in dental hygiene curricula." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2326.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 63 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-50).

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Henry, Rachel K. "A Comparison of Millennial and Non-Millennial Dental Hygiene Student and Faculty Classroom Expectations." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1419262693.

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Kristoffersson, Rickard, and Auksė Silickaitė. "Beauty and Aesthetics : A study of the Professional Hair Care Industry in Sweden." Thesis, Linköping University, Business Administration, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57976.

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Background: Beauty is a subject which is not easy to grasp especially as it is perceived differently. In advertising it is expressed through aesthetic messages and images which we relate to symbolic and social meanings. The professional hair care industry in Sweden serves as a good example where the creation of aesthetic experience influences consumer purchasing behaviour.

Purpose: The purpose of our thesis is to study how consumers´ subjective view on beauty and aesthetics can be influenced by the professional hair care industry and how a market is created for products which mainly satisfy emotional needs rather than fulfil utilitarian function.

Research Method: In our study we have applied an abductive research method approach. The empirical findings were based on 3 interviews with P&G Salon Professional representatives and 15 end consumers combined with a survey, conducted in 25 hair salons in the city of Linköping.

Conclusion: Consumers act in a socially constructed world in which products are shaped around impulse and feeling rather than their rationality. When buying a professional hair care product people receive much more than the actual product itself. People improve not only physical appearance but they also feel beautiful from within. While the utilitarian function is basically the same in both professional hair care and retail products, the former contributes to higher degree of satisfaction.

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Yip, Shuaih-yee Bethia, and 葉率意. "Oral care practice in cancer nursing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45011990.

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Cravens, Cedric A. "Tr?-Vigil, LLC, a hand hygiene company for health care organizations." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10167528.

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Nosocomial infections are a significant medical burden to every health care setting in the United States. Also known as health-associated infections or hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), they are infections that people acquire while they are receiving treatment for another condition in a health care setting. To decrease rates of HAIs, Tr?-Vigil, LLC will provide health care facilities with point-of-care hand hygiene capability in the form of portable hand sanitizers that clip onto lab coats or scrubs, along with a monitoring system that tracks medical staff usage of the sanitizers. This business plan will demonstrate how Tr?-Vigil intends to deliver a vital health care service, while being a sustainable and profitable company.

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Chang, Nai-Chung Nelson. "Identifying factors influencing hand hygiene compliance during the patient care sequence." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6390.

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a significant issue in healthcare facilities worldwide. Hand hygiene (HH) remains the most effective method for preventing the incidence of HAI in routine patient care. Past and current interventions focused on the overall improvement of HH compliance, but studies found that the amount of time required to achieve full HH compliance with the existing guidelines may not be practical. Improving HH compliance at critical moments during patient care may be more effective than improving HH compliance at all opportunities. However, there are little to no studies on healthcare workers’ (HCWs) behavior regarding HH during the patient care process. Secondary data analysis on a prospective dataset from the STAR-ICU trial was completed to identify HCWs’ behavior patterns regarding HH during the patient care process. Multiple logistic regression for transitions with random effects using repeated measures and transition modeling was used to identify possible associations between HH compliance and patient care tasks, the order of tasks, and workload. The models adjusted for the effects of HCW type, glove use, and isolation precautions. The study identified 28,826 task sequences and 42,349 HH opportunities. HCWs were slightly less likely to do HH before critical tasks compared with other tasks (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99), but more likely to do HH after contaminating tasks compared with other tasks (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.10-1.13). HCWs are also more likely to move from task sequences that have a relatively lower risk to patients to task sequences that have a relatively higher risk to patients than vice versa (65.4% versus 34.7%). HCWs are also less likely to do HH after moving from tasks that have a relatively lower risk to patients to tasks that have a relatively higher risk to patients than vice versa (OR: 0.93, 95% CI:0.92-0.95). HCWs’ HH compliance rates decreased as the workload level increased (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.98). Workload did not appear to affect HH compliance before critical tasks or after contaminating tasks and did not affect the order in which HCWs perform patient care tasks. Increase in workload was associated with an increase in the odds of critical tasks occurring (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.45-1.65). In conclusion, HCWs are more likely to perform HH after contaminating tasks to prevent contaminating themselves and to reduce the risk of transmission in subsequent task sequences. However, they do not perform tasks in an order that minimizes risk to the patient; instead, it appears that they perform tasks as they come up in routine care. Furthermore, HH is not being performed at critical moments during patient care. Lastly, workload did not affect the order in which HCWs perform patient care tasks, suggesting that HCWs behavior patterns contribute significantly to how they care for patients and perform HH. Interventions targeting the order in which HCWs perform patient care tasks and improving HH compliance before critical tasks may be more effective than those designed to improve HH compliance at all HH opportunities for reducing HAI rates.

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Lau, Chun-ling, and 劉俊玲. "Factors affecting hand hygiene compliance in intensive care units: a systematic review." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48423890.

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Hospital-acquired, or nosocomial infections (HAIs) are the major source of mortality and morbidity for hospitalized patients. It is estimated that 7-10% patients developed HAIs during their hospital stays, with most patients got infected from intensive care units (ICU) [1,2]. Hand hygiene (HH) is recognized as the most easy and effective way to prevent HAIs. However, the observed hand hygiene compliance rates among healthcare workers (HCWs) have been regarded as unacceptably low, especially in ICU [3]. This literature review is to discuss the factors influencing the hand hygiene compliance among HCWs in ICU, in both the individual and institutional level, and suggest which factor was important in both levels. Recommendations in comprehensive approach on hand hygiene practices will also be included.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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Wang, Jennifer. "Health care behaviour of Hmong refugees in Sydney." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27572.

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The Hmong, a minority group from Laos, began arriving in Australia in 1976, having fled their country after the Pathet Lao (Lao communists) came into power in May, 1975. Little has been written on the Hmong in Australia but one survey conducted in 1987 on the Hmong community in Sydney identified it as socioeconomically disadvantaged (Lee 1987). At the same time, studies from the United States were discovering a significant problem of poor health status and unsatisfactory health care behaviour within various Hmong refugee communities in that country (Bliatout 1988a; Deinard and Dunnigan 1987; Scott 1982; Strand and Jones 1983). This study aims to examine the health care behaviour of Hmong in Sydney, and related socio-economic issues, in part to discover whether Hmong in Sydney exhibit similar health care behaviour and health status to Hmong in the United States. It will therefore both provide basic information on the Hmong in Australia, and specifically focus on the health care behaviour of Hmong in Sydney and, secondly, compare this with situations in the United States.

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Bauchmoyer, Susan Marie. "Predicting Academic and National Board Dental Hygiene Examination Performance Based on Academic Factors." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1418401625.

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Dean, Lesa. "Dental Care in Long-Term Care Facilities of Warren County, Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 1986. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2252.

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Many physical changes occur as one ages, including changes associated with the oral cavity. A review of the literature suggests that the provision of dental care to institutionalized elderly patients presents problems due to a variety of factors. The purpose of this study is to assess the level or dental care provided to residents of long-term care facilities located in Warren County, Kentucky. In addition, secondary objectives Include the ascertainment of who provides dental care to residents and the amount or in-service dental training made available to staff members of the facility. Each administrator of the long term care facilities located in Warren County participated in an *interview conducted by the author. During the interview, information was obtained for a 21 item questionnaire concerning the facility, the number and age range or the residents, and types of dental services provided within the facility. Results obtained from the questionnaire indicated that 77 percent or the residents in long-tern care facilities in Warren County are 70 years of age or older. No significant differences were noted in the types or dental services provided to residents. However, the dental services provided ranged from those that were obtained in a private dental office via transportation or the resident to outside dental facilities to routine oral hygiene measures carried out by staff members employed by the facility. The findings revealed significant differences in the dental status of the MRDD residents when compared to the nursing home residents. Other findings indicated that none of the long-term care facilities had dental operatories or dental radiographic equipment on the premises. Additional research would be required in order to address uncertainties discovered in the study. A followup to the questionnaire Interview with the consulting dentists may be included to determine to what capacity and to what extent they are utilized by the facilities. Other recommendations include the utilization of entrance dental examinations to determine if services offered do meet the needs of the residents and periodic dental examinations to aid in detection and thus reduce the prevalence of dental diseases in this population.

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Travis, Shirley S. "Self-care dependency among elders in long-term care settings." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49945.

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General acceptance of a pattern of activities of daily living (ADL) dependency has led to the use of an additive method of determining self-care dependency and need for long-term care. This traditional method of determining ADL levels is convenient, and it is practical to the extent that individuals in a long-term care population do fit a scaled pattern of dependency. This research was based on 3611 cases from the Preadmission Screening Program of the Virginia Medical Assistance Program. Tabular and staged logistic regression analyses examined: 1) characteristics of this group of long-term care elders, 2) the extent of ADL divergence in various recommended care settings, 3) the relationship between rehabilitation status and ADL divergence, 4) other factors influencing divergence from the ADL dependency hierarchy. The results of this study demonstrated that a large proportion of those screened did not match the original Index of ADL. Therefore, the justification for counting ADL dependency, based on an underlying hierarchy of ADL, was not upheld. Further research was indicated for improving eligibility and placement criteria that would reflect a fluid rather than a static system of long-term care. For example, rehabilitative trajectory could serve as an indicator of projected changes in assistance for self-care.
Ph. D.
incomplete_metadata

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Rooshenas, Leila. "Managing common infections in Day Care settings : Day Care providers' sickness exclusion beliefs, advice, and their consequences for parents." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/38020/.

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Background and Aims: Judicial antibiotic prescribing and appropriate use of healthcare resources are public health priorities. Preschool-aged children that attend day care frequently consult general practitioners (GPs) and receive antibiotics, despite experiencing mainly self-limiting and/or viral infections. North-American surveys indicate that day care providers unnecessarily exclude children with infections, and make exceptions to exclusion on the basis of antibiotic treatment. Commentators suggest that this may lead to unnecessary consultations and inappropriate antibiotic requests. This study’s main aim was to explore whether UK-based day care providers’ management of infections encourages parents to unnecessarily consult GPs, and inappropriately seek antibiotics. A secondary aim was to describe the content and nature of written day care sickness exclusion policies. Questionnaire Methods and Results: Questionnaires were distributed to 329 day care providers in three socio-demographically contrasting areas of South-East Wales, to gather descriptive data regarding sickness exclusion policies. 216 (66%) responses were received. Policies were mostly self-written, diverse in content and detail, and often non-evidence-based. Qualitative Methods and Results: Day care providers’ management of infections, and the influence this had on parents’ consulting and antibiotic-seeking behaviours, were explored through semi-structured interviews with 24 purposefully selected day care providers, and 28 opportunistically-selected parents that used their services. Interviews underwent inductive thematic analysis. All day care providers encouraged parents to consult GPs for self-limiting infections, and often inappropriately advised antibiotic treatment through written policies and verbal communication. Some parents felt that day care attendance increased their tendency to consult for symptoms they would usually manage themselves. The purpose of consultation was often to expedite return to day care, rather than alleviate concern. Parents understood that antibiotics were unlikely to be beneficial, but still sought and received treatment in order to appease day care providers’ requirements. Conclusion: Day care providers’ inappropriate advice to parents, together with non-evidence-based exclusion policies, contribute to unnecessary GP consultations and inappropriate antibiotic-seeking behaviour.

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Cousineau, Lisa Marie. "Pharmaceutical and personal care product concentrations in the upper Susquehanna River." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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Price, Tabitha. "How to Care for Patients with Diabetes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2533.

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Excerpt: More than 25.8 million people in the United States have diabetes. This metabolic disorder is associated with many health complications that result from microvascular and macrovascular diseases.

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Ramírez, Montoya María Fernanda, Simón Farley Fareld Chacaliaza, Pariasca Jose Herrera, Barrantes Alessandra Ventosilla, and Yabar Stephany Gisella Gonzales. "Spartan Men Care." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652796.

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Hoy en día, no solo las mujeres se preocupan por el cuidado de la piel sino también los hombres. Sumado a esta nueva tendencia, se puede observar el ascenso de la preferencia en productos de origen natural que contribuyen al aporte de beneficios a la piel y a la reducción del daño ocasionado por los químicos. En este sentido, se ha encontrado un mercado potencial, los hombres específicamente del estilo de vida sofisticado, una parte de la población, definida por Arellano Marketing, como preocupados por el status, la moda y la imagen. Partiendo de la imagen, es sabido que en la actualidad el mercado de productos estéticos para hombres se encuentra en crecimiento desde hace algunos años habiendo generado hasta S/1,000 millones en el año 2018. Es por ello que “Spartan Man Care” busca abordar el negocio de los productos naturales especializados en hombres que se preocupan por su aspecto físico. Además, es importante resaltar que hoy en día a pesar del mercado potencial existente en los hombres, no existe una variedad de productos dirigidos a ellos, por lo que hay una oportunidad de negocio latente para trabajar. Actualmente, el total de hombres considerados sofisticados en Lima dentro del rango de 25 a 39 años es de 121, 392. De este total el 14% compra productos de higiene con regularidad, representado por 16,995 habitantes y S/3, 976,830 en soles. Finalmente, se determinó que la ganancia del proyecto, calculada a través del VAN, será de S/126, 316 de retorno sobre la inversión.
Today, not only women care about skin care but also men. In addition to this new trend, you can see the rise in preference in products of natural origin that contribute to providing benefits to the skin and reducing the damage caused by chemicals. In this sense, a potential market has been found, men specifically for the sophisticated lifestyle, a part of the population, defined by Arellano Marketing, as concerned about status, fashion and image. Based on the image, it is known that currently the market for men's cosmetic products has been growing for some years, having generated up to S / 1,000 million in 2018. That is why "Spartan Man Care" seeks to address the business of natural products specialized in men who care about their physical appearance. Furthermore, it is important to note that today despite the potential market for men, there is no variety of products for them, so there is a latent business opportunity to work. Currently, the total of men considered sophisticated in Lima within the range of 25 to 39 years is 121, 392. Of this total, 14% purchase hygiene products regularly, represented by 16,995 inhabitants and S / 3,976,830 in soles. Finally, it was determined that the project's profit, calculated through the NPV, will be S / 126, 316 of return on investment.
Trabajo de investigación

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31

嚴蕙怡 and Wai-yi Yim. "Evidence-based eye care protocol for ICU patients with altered level of consciousness." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43251778.

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何穎恩 and Wing-yan Vivian Ho. "An evidence-based guideline on emollient therapy for skin care in premature infants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193052.

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Skin is the major protective barrier in a human body. In premature infants, the immature skin barrier reduces the protection against germs. Emollient therapy is an effective prophylactic measure to improve premature infants’ skin condition so as to protect the premature infants against infection. A systematic review of studies shows that emollient therapy is a simple, safe and cost effective intervention for premature infants to improve skin condition. Evidence shows that emollient therapy can also decrease transdermal water loss, conserve heat and energy, stabilize fluid and electrolytes and prevent nosocomial sepsis. The potential of implementing the proposed evidence-based guideline is explored. It will be carried out in a clinical setting. The transferability of the findings, feasibility and cost-benefit ratio of the emollient therapy will be discussed. In order to ensure the evidence-based guideline will be carried out smoothly, a communication plan is necessary to be made in consultation with the stakeholders. A pilot study will also be conducted before the innovation is implemented to ensure frontline staff members to be familiar with the emollient therapy. At the end, the effectiveness of the emollient therapy will be evaluated in terms of skin score. Patients’ outcome and healthcare provider’s outcome will also be evaluated.
published_or_final_version
Nursing Studies
Master
Master of Nursing

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Guzzi, Johnna M. "Impact of early childhood perceptions and experiences on oral health practices in later life." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2651.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 83 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-66).

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Knowlton, Samantha Dawn. "Measuring bioaerosol concentrations generated from toilet flushes during hospital-based patient care." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5539.

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Infectious diseases account for over 15 million deaths worldwide. Those who are at greatest risk of contracting an infectious disease are immunocompromised. These individuals may be admitted to a healthcare-based setting where they may become infected. In the United States, 1.7 million immunocompromised individuals contract a healthcare-associated infection which lengthens stay, increases medical costs, and puts lives at stake. The transmission routes for these infections occur from direct contact with healthcare staff and contaminated surfaces. Indirect contact methods, such as bioaerosols suggest, but are not a well-examined route of infection. One possible bioaerosol generator includes the flushing of loose stools in toilets from infected patients. To date, no study has investigated the particle or bioaerosol changes in the air resulting from toilet flushing loose fecal wastes in a healthcare setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the air before and after a toilet flush to support hypotheses that toilets can produce an aerosol containing viable microorganisms, potentially spreading infectious disease. Particle and bioaerosol concentrations were measured in hospital bathrooms across 3 sampling conditions; no waste no flush, no waste with flush, and fecal waste with flush. Particle concentrations were measured with a particle counter 3 minutes before a flushing event and throughout the bioaerosol collection period. Bioaerosol concentrations were measured with BioStage impactors fixed on a sampling cart at distances of 0.15, 0.5, and 1 m that was placed in front of a toilet. For each sampling trial, 3 time measurements were recorded after a flushing event (i.e., 5, 10, 15 minutes). Particle concentrations measured before and after the flush were found to be significantly different in 0.3 (p-values= 0.002, 0.002, 0.015), 0.5 (p-values= 0.002, 0.002, 0.018), 1 (p-values= 0.003, 0.003, 0.027), and 3 µm (p-values= 0.016, 0.032) size bins of the no waste with flush and 0.3 (p-values= 0.009, 0.007, 0.007), 0.5 (p-values= 0.018, 0.006, 0.004), 1 µm (p-values= 0.023, 0.013,) size bins of the fecal waste with flush conditions. Bioaerosol concentrations measured in the no waste no flush and fecal waste with flush were found to be significantly different (p-value= 0.005). However, the bioaerosol concentrations measured were not significantly different across time (p-value= 0.977) or distance (p-value= 0.911). From the study, we concluded that toilets in this unit produce particles when flushed. The particles aerosolized include microorganisms remaining from previous use or from loose fecal wastes. Differences in bioaerosol concentrations across conditions also suggest that toilets flushed containing wastes may be a likely source of bioaerosols that could allow transmission of infectious microorganisms. No observed differences across time and distance of bioaerosol concentrations suggests that generated aerosols quickly diffuse in the air. Since this study is the first to quantify particles and bioaerosols produced from flushing a hospital toilet, future studies are needed for comparison and for intervention development.

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Jose, Babu. "Dental caries and oral hygiene practices of children and caregivers inKerala, India." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954224.

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Shiao, Judith Shu-Chu School of Health Services Management UNSW. "Needlestick injury in health care workers in Taiwan." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Health Services Management, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17829.

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Objectives: Risk associated with needlestick injuries (NSI) in health care workers (HCWs) in Taiwan has not been characterized. We conducted this investigation to study 1) the prevalence and yearly incidence of NSI in HCWs in Taiwan, and the risk factors associated with NSIs; 2) reporting behavior when a NSI was sustained; and 3) seroprevalence of blood-borne pathogens among inpatients. Combination of the above information allowed for risk estimation for contracting hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in HCWs. Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey for life-time experience and frequency of NSI was conducted in a random sample from four strata of accredited hospitals according to the number of employees, from July 1996 to June 1997 in Taiwan. All full time employees, including physicians, nurses, technicians, and supporting personnel were recruited. Seroprevalence was examined for HBV, HCV and HIV among inpatients six years in age or older in one teaching hospital during July 1997 to June 1998. Results: A total of 10,469 health care workers were recruited from 16 out of 132 accredited hospitals and 82.6% (8,645) completed the survey, including nurses (61.0%), physicians (16.1%), medical technicians (14.9%), supporting personnel (7.9%). The prevalence of NSI were 93.1%, 86.6%, 78.3%, 61.0% in nurses, physicians, technicians, and supporting personnel respectively. The reported incidence of needlestick and other sharps injuries was 1.30 and 1.21 times per person in the past 12 months. Of the most recent episodes of NSIs, ordinary syringe needles accounted for 80.3% (95% CI, 79.4% - 81.2%) of hollow-bore needles associated incidents, and 74.1% (95% CI, 72.8% - 75.4%) of them were contaminated. The most frequently reported circumstance was the "Breakdown of Universal Precautions", recapping-related behaviors (81.6%, 95% CI 80.3% - 82.9%) of HCWs. More than a quarter (27.8%, 2,399) of HCWs were unprotected (either not vaccinated or having an unknown serological status) against HBV. Seroconversion in stuck HCWs was reported 1.8% for HBV (135), 0.2% (18) for HCV, 0.2% (15) for both HBV and HCV, 0.1% (5) for syphilis and less than 0.1% (2) for HIV. ^M A total of 81.8% of NSIs were unreported. Similarly, high incidence of NSI and low reporting rate were also found in student nurses. Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among inpatients were found higher than the reported rate in source patients of this survey. Seroprevalence of HBsAg was 16.7% in hospitalized patients, 1.7% positive for HBeAg, 12.7% for Anti-HCV, and 0.8% for Anti-HIV. Different seroprevalence rates of HBsAb (+), HBsAg (+), Anti-HCV (+), Anti-HIV (+) in different seasons were also found significant (p<0.001). The risk of seroconversion to HBV was thus estimated to be 0.003 ~ 0.008 time per person-year, HCV 0.003 ~ 0.007 per person-year, and HIV 0.4 ~ 1.2 /100, 000 person-year. Considering the number of HCWs in Taiwan, a total of 330 ~ 917 HCWs will seroconvert to HBV (+) in a year, 330 ~ 880 HCWs seroconvert to HCV (+), and less than one to two HCWs seroconvert to HIV (+). Conclusions: Needlestick and sharps injuries were highly prevalent among Taiwanese HCW and across job categories. Risk of seroconversion is real and significant. Preventive measures are warranted for reduction of contracting blood-borne pathogens in HCWs in Taiwan.

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Slater, Karen. "Improving Care of Peripheral Intravenous Needleless Connectors." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/412414.

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Background: Most hospitalised patients have a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) at some point during hospitalisation. Although the rate of bloodstream infection (BSI) for PIVCs is low, the sheer number of devices inserted makes them a device of interest, since cumulatively many infections occur worldwide each year. Access to intravenous (IV) lines for the administration of medication and fluids in most of the developed world is through the needleless connector (NC) component of a PIVC. NCs were introduced several decades ago to reduce the risk of needlestick injuries amongst healthcare workers. Although they have been successful in reducing needlestick injuries, there has been an unintended consequence of NCs being associated with increased patient BSI. Patient BSI leads to prolonged length of hospital stay and higher costs, as well as significant morbidity and mortality. About half of all BSIs are attributed to the insertion process and half to on-going maintenance care. One of the most important aspects of maintenance care is NC disinfection, which should take place prior to each access of the NC. When disinfection does not occur, or is inadequate, there is a risk of microorganisms gaining access to the patient’s bloodstream. The optimal cleaning duration and disinfectant agent for NC disinfection have not been established. There have been many laboratory-based studies of NC disinfection but few in the clinical environment. Establishment of the optimal disinfectant agent and disinfection duration is vital to prevent patient BSI and improve patient outcomes. It is also important to establish current practice and identify how this compares to best practice guidelines and what factors influence clinicians’ practice behaviours, since providing evidence-based practice is vital to improve patient outcomes and decrease the risk of patient BSI.Aims and Objectives The aim of this PhD was to establish the most effective method for disinfection of PIVC NCs in the clinical environment and to examine current local infection prevention practices to improve NC care. The research findings will inform healthcare worker practice in the care of PIVC NCs to prevent BSIs. Four objectives guided the three phases of the research: 1. To determine the most effective active disinfectant agent and scrub time to disinfect NCs; 2. To establish adequate NC drying times after disinfection; 3. To evaluate current local practice of PIVC NC care; and 4. To identify nurses’ self-reported practice and attitudes regarding NC care and identify factors that influence their behaviour. Design: This PhD had a multi-method research design. It was underpinned by the Mitchell and Gardiner Infection Prevention and Control conceptual framework. This framework entails a multi-faceted approach to infection prevention. There were three phases to this research: a factorial randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing disinfectant solutions and disinfectant times, with an associated NC drying time experimental study; an observational study to establish local PIVC care; and finally, a survey of nurses’ practice and attitudes about NC care. Phase 1, Part 1: Research questions: 1. What disinfection agent, 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or 2% chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol (CHG-IPA), is more effective in eliminating microorganisms on PIVC NCs? 2. What disinfection time (5, 10, or 15 seconds) is most effective in eliminating microorganisms on PIVC NCs? Setting: Tertiary adult hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Sample: 300 NCs on PIVCs of adult in-patients located on the internal medical units. Main findings: There was no statistical difference between 70% IPA and 2% CHG in 70% IPA (p = .62) in disinfecting the external surface of NCs in the clinical environment; both were effective, but neither removed all microorganisms. There was no statistical difference in the effectiveness of 5, 10, or 15 (p = .21) second scrub times. Phase 1, Part 2 Research questions: 1. What is the effective drying time of 70% IPA, 2% CHG in 70% IPA, and 10% povidone iodine for NC disinfection? 2. Does the drying time of the three recommended disinfectants differ? Setting: Non-clinical area of tertiary adult hospital in Brisbane, Australia Sample: Three commonly available disinfectant preparation pads/wipes were compared. Main findings: The drying time of the three tested disinfectants differed substantially. After a 15-second scrub, 70% IPA was consistently dry after 5 seconds and 2% CHG in 70% IPA was consistently dry after 20 seconds. Drying time for povidone iodine 10% was not established, as it remained wet at 6 minutes, making its use clinically unfeasible. Phase 2 Research questions: 1. How often do nurses decontaminate their hands prior to accessing PIVC NCs (Moment 2 of the 5 Moments of Hand Hygiene)? 2. How often do nurses disinfect PIVC NCS prior to accessing them? 3. What is the length of time that nurses spend disinfecting PIVC NCs prior to accessing them? 4. What is the length of time that nurses let NCs dry after disinfection, prior to accessing them? Setting: Tertiary adult hospital in Brisbane, Australia Sample: 108 observations of nurses working in the emergency department, two medical wards, and two surgical wards. Main findings: Compliance with disinfection of NCs was high (99%), although disinfection time was a much shorter duration than that recommended in the hospital policy (average 6.1 seconds vs 15 seconds). Compliance with hand hygiene prior to drawing up medication (33%) and immediately prior to medication administration (43%) was suboptimal. The most common duration that nurses allowed NCs to dry was 6–10 seconds. Working in the emergency department setting and use f gloves were associated with poorer compliance with hand hygiene.Phase 3: Research questions: 1. What are nurses’ self-reported practices of NC care? 2. How do self-reported practices of NC care compare to current clinical guidelines and results from previous studies? 3. What influences nurses’ behaviour in relation to NC care and how does this compare to previous studies? Setting: Tertiary adult hospital in Brisbane, Australia Sample: Registered and Enrolled nurses working within the clinical divisions. Main findings Most nurses (89%) stated that they always disinfect NCs prior to access. Nurses’ ability to recognise and undertake the correct sequencing for clamping and line/syringe disconnection was low; 79% of nurses identified the correct clamping and disconnection for negative pressure NCs, and 34% identified the correct sequencing for positive pressure devices. Nurses’ behaviour was most influenced by other senior nurses. The risk of introducing bacteria into the patient’s bloodstream was of great concern to most nurses. Conclusion: PIVC-associated BSI, reflecting suboptimal PIVC maintenance care, remains a serious problem. The results of this PhD focusing on NC disinfection highlight that NCs in the clinical environment are frequently contaminated with microorganisms found on the skin. The RCT—the first on this topic undertaken in a clinical environment—determined that the disinfectants and timeframes tested were very effective in removing most microorganisms from NCs in the clinical environment, but there was no difference between the disinfectants or application durations trialled. The drying time study—the first to examine drying time for commonly used disinfectant preparation pads/wipes on NCs—determined that IPA had the shortest drying time. The observational study established that most nurses disinfect NCs prior to access, but for a shorter duration than is currently recommended. Hand hygiene associated with NC care was suboptimal. The survey—the first comprehensive Australian study—established significant nursing knowledge gaps in NC care and identified opportunities for improvement (particularly the sequencing of disconnecting and clamping NCs and lines), which has the potential to reduce BSIs; it also established that local senior nurses were most likely to influence behaviour. Maintenance care of PIVC NCs has previously been minimally researched and is likely the missing link in infection prevention strategies. This PhD has provided comprehensive new evidence and attention now needs to be directed toward improving the maintenance care of NCs to reduce patient BSI and improve patient safety.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing & Midwifery
Griffith Health
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Tucker, Helen Jean. "Integrated care : the presence, nature and development of integrated care in community health services in England and Ireland." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56879/.

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Background: Integrated care is a policy imperative in health and social care services globally, and yet there are reported difficulties in defining, developing and sustaining this way of working. Research Question: This research explores staff views and experiences of the presence, nature and development of integrated care in two programmes of community services. Method: A case study approach was adopted using secondary analysis of qualitative data from staff questionnaires using themed content analysis and pattern matching, with findings triangulated with documentary sources. The study considers the presence and nature of integrated care using the conceptual framework “to what extent integrated care is for everyone (inclusive) and not just for some (exclusive)” as interpreted from the literature. The development of integrated care was explored using systems theory for the management of change in a complex environment. Findings: A meta-analysis of the two case studies demonstrated that integration was present in all 66 services within the two programmes. The nature of integrated care varied and was demonstrated as multiple types (in community hospitals) and processes (in community services). The most frequently reported type was multidisciplinary working. The processes most teams chose to develop were information sharing systems. The development of integration within the case studies was affected by a number of factors, such as commitment and staffing. Conclusion: This study provides new evidence of the presence, nature and development of integration within a wide range of established services spanning all ages. From this and other measures, the extent to which integrated care is presented as “exclusive” can be questioned. These findings have informed the development of a framework of five principles, reflecting whether integrated care is: for everyone, extensive, enduring, can be enabled and essential. The implications and application of this research for policy, service development and training are discussed, and proposals for further research include testing the applicability of this framework and widening this study.

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Delport, S. V. "Health and health care of the preschool child in Hout Bay." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27215.

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At present not enough is known about the health of preschool children in the poorer communities of Cape Town. This study, was undertaken to assess the health and health care of preschool children in one such community: that of the Hout Bay harbour township. A clinic and community-based surveillance programme was devised to make this assessment. Data were obtained by monitoring the records at the Community Health Centre in the township. A study sample of 214 children from the community was also selected by random stratified cluster sampling. This sample was assessed by means of a questionnaire and a full physical examination. Analysis of data was performed on the IBM main-frame computer. A large number of medical problems were identified on screening the community sample. Most of these problems were minor ones and could be managed appropriately at the Health Centre. On the basis of the referral patterns and the small number of newly diagnosed functionally important health problems, the provision of health care in-the area was considered to be adequate. The high immunisation rate in the preschool children and the excellent attendance figures at the child health clinics indicates that the services provided are well utilised by the population. Dental caries was found to be a major health problem in the area. A strong case for the introduction of a dental health educational programme and for the fluoridisation of drinking water can made on the basis of these findings. An ongoing health screening programme would be beneficial. It could be accomplished by utilising appropriately trained nursing personnel.

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Crawford, Kathryn J. "Assessment of noise in a medical intensive care unit." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2061.

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Exposure to noise in hospital intensive care units (ICUs) can disrupt patients’ sleep and delay their recovery. In this intervention study, noise levels were measured in eight patient rooms of a medical ICU (MICU) every minute with sound level meters for eight weeks before and after an intervention. Implemented over six weeks, the intervention was designed to educate nurses and other staff members to reduce noise levels through behavior modification, including instituting a “quiet time” in the afternoons, encouraging patients to keep televisions off or at lower volumes, and speaking more quietly during conversations. Sound equivalent levels (Leq) were calculated from one-minute measurements for each hour in each room. These hourly Leq (Leq-H) values were compared by pod (group of rooms within the MICU), room position (in proximity to a central nurses’ station), occupancy status, and time of day. Days with more than ten hours of one-minute noise levels above 60 dBA were flagged as the loudest time periods and compared to MICU activity logs. The intervention was ineffective with Leq-H values always above World Health Organization guidelines for ICUs (35 dBA in day; 30 dBA at night) before and after the intervention. Leq-H values frequently exceeded more modest project goals during the day regardless of the intervention (50% of Leq-H > 55 dBA both pre- and post-intervention) and at night (68% and 62% of Leq-H > 50 dBA pre- and post-intervention). Statistical analysis of the Leq-H suggests a general source is contributing to the high baseline noise in the MICU, most likely the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. Our analysis of one-minute data indicated that high noise was often associated with high-volume respiratory-support devices. We concluded that our intervention focusing on administrative controls (e.g., education and training) was not enough to reduce noise in the MICU but that an intervention designed with engineering controls (e.g., shielding, substitution) would be more effective.

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Darr, Robert Edward. "Barriers To Men Entering Undergraduate Dental Hygiene Programs." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471863587.

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McLean, Christopher Duncan. "Thinking about patients and talking about persons in critical care nursing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/349086/.

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Nursing scholarship and healthcare policy set an expectation that nurses should think about patients as persons. Nevertheless, the literature reveals that critical care nurses can struggle to perceive patients as persons, and thus suggests they may think about patients in different ways. This thesis presents the findings of an ethnographic study undertaken within one critical care unit in the United Kingdom which examined how critical care nurses do think about patients. A purposive sampling strategy recruited 7 participants representing both experienced and inexperienced critical care nurses. Data were collected over a period of 8 months during 2006 to 2007, and primarily comprised the field notes from 92 hours of participant observation supplemented by 13 tape recorded interviews. Data analysis was influenced by Foucault and Goffman and adopted the perspective of linguistic ethnography. Analysis revealed that all participants thought about patients in seven distinct ways: as ‘social beings’, as ‘valued individuals’, as ‘routine work’, as a ‘set of needs’, as a ‘body’, as ‘(un)stable’ or as a ‘medical case’. Accounts of participants’ practice revealed that they had a tacit understanding that these different ways of thinking related to aspects of one coherent whole, but no one way of thinking could be characterised as thinking about this ‘whole person’. Nurses could only think about one aspect of the patient at a time. Nurses’ practice was not guided or explained by their thinking about patients as persons, but rather expert practice was characterised by nurses’ fluid and appropriate movement between different ways of thinking about patients. When participants talked about their practice it was evident that these nurses could only legitimately talk about themselves as giving care to persons. Participants characterised some of the ways in which they had to think about patients as impersonal, and this actively hindered these nurses from describing or reflecting upon elements of their practice. There is therefore conflict and dissonance between nurses’ expectation that they should think about patients as persons, and the fact that delivering nursing care requires them to think about patients in different ways. The development of future critical care nurses will require practitioners and educators to recognise that nurses think about patients in different ways, and that expert practice is characterised by the clinical wisdom which enables nurses to think about patients in ways which are appropriate to the moment. Nurse scholars and educationalists should therefore avoid claims to a unique professional knowledge base which suggest to nurses that some ways of thinking are always inappropriate or inherently reductionist. Instead, there is a need for scholars and policy makers to articulate a vision of person centred care clearly, and in ways which avoid constructing dissonance between nurses’ ideals, and the ways in which they do and must think about patients.

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Conradsson, Moa, and Lovisa Sundh. "Skin and hair, why care? : En kvalitativ semiotisk analys av rakvårdsföretagen Gillette Venus och Billies reklamfilmer." Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51759.

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The following study covers the process and results of a semiotic analysis of Gillette Venus’ and Billie’s advertisements on Youtube. The intention is to compare how two brands within the same industry portray femininity and how it relates to traditional gender norms and stereotypes. The study aims to contribute with knowledge regarding how commodity feminism is used as a marketing strategy in advertisements. The chosen material consists of six advertisements, three advertisements were produced by Gillette Venus and the remaining three were produced by Billie. The study was implemented through a combination of semiotic tools such as signs, codes, symbols, denotations and connotations, which enabled us to apply our social and cultural values on the analysis. Theories related to advertising, gender norms and stereotypes, femininity and commodity feminism have been used to assure validity. Both Gillette Venus and Billie use commodity feminism as a marketing strategy, which challenges traditional norms and stereotypes. It takes form in female empowerment and body positivity and is related to the product, but their courses of action differ, which distinguishes the brands’ images from each other. Gillette Venus focuses on normalizing skin conditions that oppose normative female skin, meanwhile Billie communicates feministic messages by encouraging women to feel comfortable whether they choose to remove body hair or not. Gillette Venus’ and Billie’s feministic messages are communicated in connection with their products, but the advertisements focus on women empowerment rather than the functions of the shaving products. Therefore, our predominant conclusion is that feministic discourses are used to benefit the brands’ economic and commercial values. Their positions are strengthened through promoting their shaving products as a sign of feminine power.

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Snyman, J. S. "Effectiveness of the basic antenatal care package in primary health care clinics." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/728.

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Pregnancy challenges the health care system in a unique way in that it involves at least two individuals – the woman and the fetus. The death rates of both pregnant women (maternal mortality) and newborns (perinatal mortality) are often used to indicate the quality of care the health system is providing. In terms of maternal and perinatal outcomes South Africa scores poorly compared to other upper-middle income countries (Penn-Kekana & Blaauw, 2002:14). The high stillbirth rate compared to the neonatal death rate reflects poor quality of antenatal care. Maternal and perinatal mortality is recognised as a problem and as a priority for action in the Millennium Development Goals (Thieren & Beusenberg, 2005:11). The Saving Mothers (Pattinson, 2002: 37-135) and Saving Babies (Pattinson, 2004:4-35) reports describe the causes and avoidable factors of these deaths with recommendations on how to improve care. The quality of care during the antenatal period may impact on the health of the pregnant woman and the outcome of the pregnancy, in particular on the still birth rate. In primary health care services there are many factors which may impact on and influence the quality of antenatal care. For example with the implementation of the comprehensive primary health care services package (Department of Health, 2001a:21-35) changes at clinic level resulted in a large number of primary health care professional nurses having to provide antenatal care, who previously may only have worked with one aspect of the primary health care package such as minor ailments or childcare. Because skills of midwifery or antenatal care, had not been practiced by some of these professional nurses, perhaps since completion of basic training, their level of competence has declined, and they have not been exposed to new developments in the field of midwifery. The practice of primary health care nurses is also influenced by the impact of diseases not specifically related to pregnancy like HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. The principles of quality antenatal care are known (Chalmers et al. 2001:203) but despite the knowledge about these principles the maternal and perinatal mortality remains high. The Basic Antenatal Care quality improvement package is designed to assist clinical management and decision making in antenatal care. The implementation of the BANC package may influence the quality of antenatal care positively, which in turn may impact on the outcome of pregnancy for the mother and her baby. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Basic antenatal care (BANC) package to improve the quality of antenatal care at primary health care clinics.

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Tang, Pui-kwan, and 鄧佩君. "Voice problems of secondary school teachers and the need for preventative education." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206591.

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Voice problems are common among teachers due to their job characteristics. Thus, the quality of teaching, daily communication, emotion would be adversely affected. However, the past studies mainly focused on primary school and preschool teachers. There is lack of investigation on voice problems of secondary school teachers. Moreover, the need for voice use training for secondary school teachers was not addressed in the past. This study investigated the prevalence of voice problems in secondary school teachers in Hong Kong and the need for preventive education. A questionnaire was decided with domains in demographics, job natures, impact on voice disorders, risk factors, history of seeking help because of voice problems, view on different treatment options and opinion towards the need of voice protection training. Subjects were recruited from four local secondary schools in Hong Kong. 85 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The results showed a high prevalence of voice disorders (75%) among secondary school teachers. Also it revealed different levels of impact on work performance, emotion and daily communication. Laryngitis was the only risk factor found to be significantly correlated with the voice disorder. On the other hand, the rate of seeking professional help and their knowledge about voice rehabilitation were low. Most of the respondents realized the need for voice protection training. It suggested that the voice problems of secondary school teachers should be highlighted and more voice protection information and voice training should be provided.
published_or_final_version
Surgery
Master
Master of Medical Sciences

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Morgan, Trina J. "Minority College Students’ Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding the Profession of Dental Hygiene in Comparison to their Oral Health and Dental Knowledge." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2564.

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The purpose of this study was to find out the attitudes and beliefs of minority college students enrolled at Missouri College in Brentwood, Missouri in reference to the dental hygiene profession. In particular, does their oral health and dental knowledge relate to their knowledge of profession of dental hygiene? One hundred and six students gave their consent to participate in the study via Survey Monkey. The study was conducted in May 2015 for a period of four weeks. Four statements were designed to gauge minority students’ knowledge of dental hygiene as a career. No differences were found based on gender, age, education and ethnicity. A difference was found based upon the respondent’s program of study. Further research is needed spread the word about dental hygiene programs and to explain the role of the dental hygienist.

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Rosenberg, Anna. "Hand Hygiene Barriers faced byHealth Care Workers in The Gambia: : A Health Belief Model Approach." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32255.

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Health care associated infections cause major challenges to the provision of health care. This isdue to the burden placed on individuals, their families, and health services. Hand hygiene actions are cost effective measures towards reducing the spread of health care associated infections and have proven very effective in preventing microbial transmission during patient care. It has beenproven that health care workers hands are the main routes of transmission of health care associated infections. Despite this, hand hygiene is still frequently overlooked by health careworkers especially in settings with limited resources. This paper therefore explores hand hygieneknowledge and behaviours of public and private health care workers in The Gambia with focuson the health belief model. The required information has been gathered from 4 public and 2 private health care facilities through the use of a questionnaire based on the WHO evaluation toolkit. Hand hygiene knowledge of health care workers corresponded with their hand hygiene behaviour. Inadequate hand hygiene performance was noted in many health care workers as wellas limited availability of hand hygiene resources from health care facilities. Private health care facilities provided better hand hygiene opportunities for their health care workers yet neither private nor public health care facilities offered adequate hand hygiene training and feedback on hand hygiene performances to their health care workers.

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McGuire, Margaret Maher. "Community postnatal care provision in Scotland : the development and evaluation of a template for the provision of woman centred community postnatal care." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1184/.

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The specific objectives of the study were to: 1. Investigate women's perceptions and experiences of postnatal care; 2. Examine the current pattern of postnatal care provision in terms of clinical outcomes (maternal and neonatal) and maternal satisfaction; 3. Evaluate the new model in terms of clinical outcomes (maternal and neonatal) and maternal satisfaction; 4. Compare the outcomes of both models; and 5. Evaluate midwives' perceptions of both models of care. There were no difference between the two Phases in terms of clinical outcomes (maternal and neonatal) midwifery and maternal satisfaction. In both stages of the study, the average day of postnatal discharge was day three, the mean number of postnatal visits was 4.2, and the average number of midwives to visit a woman was two. Women were very satisfied with the community postnatal care provided by midwives, although concerns were expressed about hospital postnatal care. All women agreed that community postnatal care was an important service and would choose to have the midwife visit her in their own home rather than attend health or drop in centres. Midwives applied aspects of the new template of postnatal visiting and were more likely to visit low risk women three times following introduction of the ne template. There was not change in community of carer. Findings of focus group discussions highlighted that women were not prepared for motherhood and the postnatal period. Women stated that the educational support antenatally and in the postnatal ward did not meet their expectations and needs.

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Johnson, Cassandra Jean. "Perceptions of Pre-doctoral and Dental Hygiene Students Regarding Intraprofessional Education." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492611975616089.

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Dalgarno, Elizabeth Louise. "'Through the looking glass' : primary care consultations, work and health : a qualitative study." Thesis, Keele University, 2018. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/5580/.

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Abstract:

Musculoskeletal conditions are believed to cost UK society approximately £7.4 billion per year, with 30 million working days lost each year due to musculoskeletal conditions. Currently, within the UK, sickness certification can be self-certified for a period of seven days after which time a General Practitioner is required to authorise any further period of absence from work for patients. In April 2010 the Sickness Certificate was replaced with the Fit Note. The existing literature has offered little ‘in-vivo’ insight into the primary care consultation in relation to the management of patient musculoskeletal work-related concerns since the introduction of the Fit Note, and there is a paucity of research exploring the patient experience of these consultations. The research questions in this thesis broadly ask: How are musculoskeletal work-related concerns discussed and managed within the primary care consultation? How do patients experience these consultations? Mixed qualitative methodology is used within this study. Interpretative methods are used to thematically analyse 100 video-recorded consultations and 19 semi-structured interviews to answer these research questions and provide insight into this area. Findings reveal that the management of musculoskeletal work-related concerns within the primary care consultation is sub-optimal. Accessing work-related support for these people is complicated and contingent upon how they come to identify themselves as candidates for work-related support. The theoretical framework of candidacy is offered as a useful device for understanding and conceptualising the patient experience of these consultations. Interactions with healthcare, in combination with sociocultural factors, mediate how people come to understand their candidacy to seek musculoskeletal work-related support. Directions for further research in this area are provided.

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