Academic literature on the topic 'Hair – Social aspects – South Africa'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hair – Social aspects – South Africa"
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Valdebenito, Sara, Aja Murray, Claire Hughes, Adriana Băban, Asvini D. Fernando, Bernadette J. Madrid, Catherine Ward, et al. "Evidence for Better Lives Study: a comparative birth-cohort study on child exposure to violence and other adversities in eight low- and middle-income countries - foundational research (study protocol)." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e034986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034986.
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IntroductionViolence against children is a health, human rights and social problem affecting approximately half of the world’s children. Its effects begin at prenatal stages with long-lasting impacts on later health and well-being. The Evidence for Better Lives Study (EBLS) aims to produce high-quality longitudinal data from cities in eight low- and middle-income countries—Ghana, Jamaica, Pakistan, the Philippines, Romania, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Vietnam—to support effective intervention to reduce violence against children. EBLS-Foundational Research (EBLS-FR) tests critical aspects of the planned EBLS, including participant recruitment and retention, data collection and analysis. Alongside epidemiological estimates of levels and predictors of exposure to violence and adversity during pregnancy, we plan to explore mechanisms that may link exposure to violence to mothers’ biological stress markers and subjective well-being.Methods and analysesEBLS-FR is a short longitudinal study with a sample of 1200 pregnant women. Data are collected during the last trimester of pregnancy and 2 to 6 months after birth. The questionnaire for participating women has been translated into nine languages. Measures obtained from mothers will include, among others, mental and physical health, attitudes to corporal punishment, adverse childhood experiences, prenatal intimate partner violence, substance use and social/community support. Hair and dry blood spot samples are collected from the pregnant women to measure stress markers. To explore research participation among fathers, EBLS-FR is recruiting 300 fathers in the Philippines and Sri Lanka.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethical approvals at all recruiting sites and universities in the project. Results will be disseminated through journal publications, conferences and seminar presentations involving local communities, health services and other stakeholders. Findings from this work will help to adjust the subsequent stages of the EBLS project.
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Saunders, Chris. "South Africa and Africa." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 652, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716213512986.
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This article examines aspects of the complex relationship between South Africa and the rest of Africa from the presidency of Nelson Mandela through those of Thabo Mbeki and Jacob Zuma, showing how the relationship changed over time and exploring the influences that shaped South Africa’s policy on and toward the continent—a policy that has largely been determined by the presidency rather than the Department of Foreign Affairs/International Relations and Co-operation. To understand the changing relationship between South Africa and the rest of the continent, it is necessary to consider, first, the history before 1994, then the dramatically altered situation that the transfer of power in South Africa brought about, Thabo Mbeki’s interventionist approach to Africa in general, and Jacob Zuma’s ambiguous involvement in continental affairs. The article concludes with some speculative thoughts on the role that South Africa may play on the continent in the future.
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Setlalentoa, Bmp, Pt Pisa, Gn Thekisho, Eh Ryke, and T. Loots Du. "The social aspects of alcohol misuse/abuse in South Africa." South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 23, sup2 (January 2010): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2010.11734296.
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Jumadi, Jumadi. "Social Capital of Madura Barbers in Makassar, South Sulawesi." KOMUNITAS: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture 8, no. 2 (August 22, 2016): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v8i2.6219.
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This study aims to understand and analyze the social capital and human capital Madura ethnic barbers in Makassar. This type of research is a qualitative case study approach. The subject was a barber Madura in Makassar. Selection of informants snowball, with a focus on issues of social capital and human capital. Researcher as research instrument. The collection of data through observation, interview and documentation, analyzed by a three-stage model of water, including data reduction, data presentation, and stage of development. The validity of data through observation extension technique, perseverance, member check and triangulation. The results showed that the social capital of the aspects of trust, people have to trust how the barber Madura. Aspects of the norm, uphold the norms as Madura seacoast, and the networking aspect, the barber form a network of kinship, ethnic, economic enterprises, and through the organization of Madura in the city. Human capital barber Madura in Makassar based on knowledge gained informally by way of self-taught, environment and hereditary from parents; aspects of the experience, gained since long (hereditary) with satisfactory results; aspects of the skills needed to improve their business and customers barber; aspects of creativity, creative enough to follow the model's hair and innovation aspects of the shaver is making progress, as part of the manual (gothok) to shaving machine (clipper).
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Neely, Abigail H. "Hlonipha and health: ancestors, taboos and social medicine in South Africa." Africa 91, no. 3 (April 26, 2021): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000279.
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AbstractThis article examines the abandonment of an important food taboo – the prohibition of milk consumption by newly married women – in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa in the 1940s and 1950s. Offering a detailed exploration of this hlonipha custom in three rural communities, I start from the position that food always reflects the entanglements of its material and symbolic attributes. By tracing health and illness, shifting livelihoods, diets and an important social medicine intervention, this article reveals that in the 1950s milk was a symbolically and materially different food than it had been in the 1930s. I argue that this difference determined whether or not hlonipha would be abandoned. By centring on understandings of food, health and taboos as material and symbolic, this article draws on scholarship on livestock in Southern Africa and contributes to scholarship on food taboos and hlonipha customs, pushing for the incorporation of material aspects of those customs.
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Baron, Philip, and Christiane M. Herr. "Cybernetically informed pedagogy in two tertiary educational contexts: China and South Africa." Kybernetes 48, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2017-0479.
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Purpose Discussing cybernetics as an enacted practice within specific contexts, this paper aims to identify key similarities and differences of two cybernetically informed approaches to tertiary education in the distinct contexts of China and South Africa. Design/methodology/approach Making explicit and comparing two cybernetically informed educational approaches, the authors identify shared aspects as well as differences arising from their practice in social contexts that have differing norms and values. Findings The authors find that conversational settings for learning, immediacy of feedback, the key role of the teacher and assessment strategies that are matched to cybernetic learning and teaching strategies all constitute shared vital aspects of cybernetically informed teaching that are valid across two distinct educational contexts. Enacting these key aspects however requires careful adaptation to local contexts. Research limitations/implications Primarily qualitative in nature, this study is limited to the examination of two bodies of work conducted independently of each other in differing contexts. Practical implications Arising from the long-term examination of applied educational practice, findings discussed in the paper are intended to inform similar practice in other contexts. The authors however emphasise that enacted ethical practice requires careful adapting of learning and teaching strategies to local conditions. Social implications Based on the authors’ findings, the authors demonstrate the value of cybernetically informed tertiary education that emphasises ethical settings for learning on the basis of mutuality, equality and social inclusion. Originality/value Based on two bodies of work that consolidated practice-based insights independently of each other, this paper presents insights on cybernetically informed education that, shown to work well in two very different contexts, may offer a broader applicability.
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Chereni, Admire. "Within the Borders but Not Really in South Africa." African Diaspora 10, no. 1-2 (September 20, 2018): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18725465-01001007.
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Abstract This article explores the relationship between economic and social aspects of differential inclusion in South Africa as well as migrants’ notions and practices of home and belonging. It is based on narratives provided by Zimbabweans in Johannesburg, and considers what this relationship might imply for how we understand circular migration. It finds that, differential inclusion – emanating from migrants’ experiences of deportability, insecure residence, marginal economic practices, uncertain futurity and temporal disruptions, that punctuated their post-arrival everyday life – shapes migrants’ perceptions of home as a concrete site left behind to which migrants strive to return. Conversely, negative evaluations of livelihood opportunities in Zimbabwe fuel an orientation towards an imminent yet continually deferred eventual return.
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Jordaan, Yolanda. "Potential influence of social and technological developments on direct marketing in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 1, no. 2 (June 30, 1998): 306–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v1i2.1914.
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This article argues that social and technological events in South Africa are leading to the development of the direct marketing industry. The article reviews various social and technological aspects as well as the influence that government intervention has on the direct marketing industry, especially in terms of legislation regarding privacy. The role of the South African Post Office is put under the spotlight since the direct marketing industry is very reliant on the Post Office. The opportunities presented by the information age are discussed and future growth areas highlighted. Although this paper mainly concentrates on direct marketing, it also tries to explain the potential role of direct marketing in an economic system approach, as a driving force of economic progress in developing countries.
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Gomo, Charity. "Government transfers, income inequality and poverty in South Africa." International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 1349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2018-0458.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to quantify the impact of social or government transfers on income inequality and poverty in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachA top-down, bottom-up (TD-BU) model which combines an econometrically estimated labor supply model, a detailed tax-benefit module and a computable general equilibrium model is used in order to analyze the impact of government transfers on income inequality and poverty in South Africa. The paper uses a merged South African income and expenditure household survey and labor force survey for the year 2000, and a South African social accounting matrix as the main data sets.FindingsSimulation results suggest that doubling of government transfers lead to a 5.5 percent reduction in poverty if a relative poverty measure is used and a 7 percent reduction if an absolute poverty line is used. In addition, simulation results show differences in poverty and inequality measures between the MS-only model and the linked TD-BU model confirming the importance of linking the two models.Originality/valueThe TD-BU approach is important since it explicitly accounts for the following aspects: that labor supply should adjust to changes in the tax-benefit model, general equilibrium effects and the heterogeneity of economic agents. This allows for a richer micro-household modeling.
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Oosthuizen, H. "The relationship between strategic process dimensions and organisational output performance: A South African investigation in relation to global best practices." South African Journal of Business Management 36, no. 4 (December 30, 2005): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v36i4.644.
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Strategic management is concerned with the foundations of sustainable superior output performance. In this regard two divergent, but complementary research traditions exist; one is rooted in micro-economics and is commonly referred to as the ‘hard’ aspects of strategy, whilst the other focuses on social-people aspects, commonly known as the ‘soft’ aspects of strategy. In emerging countries in Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and South Africa the soft aspects have been emphasised in research with very little attention afforded to the hard process-behaviour of strategy.This paper contributes to an understanding and assessment of strategic process behaviour in South Africa. It firstly establishes a global best practices framework which provides for different contextual environments. This framework then serves as a benchmark for the empirical findings of a survey amongst South African manufacturing organisations.The research concludes that South African organisations achieving above-average output performance are those that closely reflect the profile of the global best practices framework. One core dimension of the strategic process, namely Implementation, was statistically found to be significantly related to above-average output performance. Aspects relating to innovative behaviour also displayed a statistical predictive ability towards above-average output performance.Finally, it is considered that the survey findings suggest an increasingly global context for South Africa and consequently the successful transfer (positive spillover) of strategic management knowledge from the developed to the developing world.Various research gap-areas were identified and need to be explored.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hair – Social aspects – South Africa"
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Morey, Yvette Vivienne. "Counter-hair/gemonies: hair as a site of black identity struggle in post-apartheid South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002533.
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This thesis aims to allow the meanings engendered by various black hairstyle choices to emerge as discursive texts with which to further explore issues of black identity in post-apartheid South Africa. It seeks to identify what, if any, new discursive spaces and possibilities are operational in the post-apartheid capitalist context, and how identities are moulded by, and in tum, influence these possibilities. Operating within a discourse analytic approach, this research did not intend to establish fixed and generalisable notions of identity, but by unpacking the discursive baggage attached to historically loaded subjectivities it is concerned with reflecting identity as an ongoing and reflexive project. Entailing a diverse selection of texts, the analysis includes self-generated texts (stemming from interviews, a focus group and participant observation), and public domain texts (stemming from online and print media articles). Chapters 5 - 9 constitute the textual analysis. Using a consumer hair care product as a text, chapter 5 serves as an introduction to discourses surrounding black hair as a variously constructed object. This focus is concerned, more specifically, with the construction of black hair as a 'natural' object in chapter 6. Chapter 7 examines black hair gemonies and the " problematic classification and de/classification of class and consumer identities. Discourses pertaining to the construction and positioning of gendered and sexual subjectivities are explored in chapter 8. Finally, chapter 9 is concerned with the operations of discourses as they function to construct essentialised or hybrid conceptions of identity. The implications for black identity construction in post-apartheid South Africa are discussed in chapter 10 alongside a deconstruction of the research method and researcher positioning.
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Swartz, Leslie. "Aspects of culture in South African psychiatry." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15869.
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Bibliography: pages 351-389.A review of the South African psychiatric literature reveals that the concept of culture is commonly reified. It is also used by the South African state to legitimate apartheid. The concept of cultural relativism, though often associated with liberal views internationally, is linked with state policies in South Africa. Some South African social scientists, therefore, strongly question the notion of relativism. This reaction unfortunately does not engage with the social reality of the widespread perception of cultural differences, in psychiatric settings and elsewhere. Issues of race and culture in psychiatric practice were explored in a psychiatry department of a liberal South African university. Observation of ward-rounds in a psychiatric casualty (emergency) facility over six months revealed that, as elsewhere in the world, a major cultural factor influencing clinicians is the relationship between psychiatry and general medicine. A cultural understanding of South African psychiatry must take account of this relationship. Ward-rounds in a facility treating Black psychiatric patients were observed over fifteen months. Black and white clinicians in these rounds were often in conflict over constructions of the concept of culture. Some appeared deeply ambivalent about cultural relativism. Psychiatric registrars (residents) attached to the department under study participated in loosely structured interviews exploring issues of race and culture in their work. They also responded to vignettes dealing with white, coloured and Black patients. Registrars felt uncomfortable about the role of the concept of cultural difference in affecting the welfare of Black patients, and in maintaining discrimination. Their own socialisation as practitioners in an individualising and medicalising discipline seems a major factor contributing to their ongoing reproduction of this discrimination. The study reveals the importance of exploring the views and experiences of practitioners. South African work focussing on the need for fundamental change in mental health care has generally glossed over details of extant practice. This dissertation shows, however, that a major site for mobilisation for change in South African mental health-care must be the psychiatric institution itself.
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Couper, Michael Patrick. "Immigrant adaptation in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003118.
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Although the immigrant flow to South Africa has been relatively small compared to that of other immigrant receiving countries, when considered in terms of the size of South Africa's population and the fact that immigrants are restricted to the White population group, the role of immigrants in this society is considerable. Despite this, few comprehensive studies of the experiences of immigrants in South Africa have been attempted. The aim of this study is to examine the adaptation of immigrants from various countries according to a number of dimensions. Adaptation is conceived of as a dynamic and multidimensional process. A mail survey of seven immigrant groups in South Africa was undertaken during 1985. A total of 3,520 completed questionnaires were obtained from respondents representing British, German, Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, British African and Portuguese African immigrants. The relationships among dimensions of subjective adaptation (satisfaction, identification and acceptance) and objective adaptation (social, cultural, economic, religious and political adaptation) are examined. The role of settlement and citizenship intentions are also investigated, as are various factors (country of origin, length of residence, etc.) that affect immigrant adaptation in South Africa. Multivariate analyses are undertaken to explore the nature of the relationships among these variables. Following these analyses a model of immigrant adaptation in South Africa is proposed. This model is intended to serve as a framework to guide future research on the adaptation of immigrants in South Africa.
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Marais, Jacques. "A framework for parental control of mobile devices in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008404.
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Future generations are built on the children of today. Thus, children's well- being and safety is of paramount importance. Children are making use of mobile devices, such as smart phones, to gain access to the Internet and other data driven mobile services. Children and parents alike are unaware of the risks they are exposed to when accessing such services. A clear lack of parental control over or awareness of this mobile use has been identified in South Africa. Without adequate awareness and successful use of a comprehensive mobile parental control solution, South African children may be at risk. This risk may include exposure to potentially harmful content and/or individuals. This dissertation presents a framework that supports the attainment of a comprehensive mobile parental control solution based on sound research.
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Bezuidenhout, Samantha Catherine. "The effects of age on the worker capacity and mechanisation on the task demands in a South African manufacturing industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013167.
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The focus of the study was two-fold, firstly to determine the effect of age on the capacity of manual materials handling workers and secondly to determine the effect of increasing task mechanisation on the workers’ responses to task demands. The first component of this study, namely Part I, 101 male and 12 female ‘unskilled’ manual workers – of various ages – from a brick manufacturing industry were assessed. Anthropometric, health and strength factors were measured to improve the understanding of the South African manual worker capacity and more specifically, the effect of age on this capacity. Data collection was done between 7.30am and 9.30am in a laboratory-type setting on-site. Anthropometric characteristics (including body mass index, waist to hip ratio, waist circumference and body fat percentage) provided information on the state of obesity and the impact of age in the South African context. Linked to this, the health factors (including blood pressure, resting heart rate and a self-reported questionnaire) provide an extra snapshot of the disease profile in South Africa, and could potentially influence other capacity factors. Isometric strength capacities (of eight different areas, namely: back, leg, bicep, shoulder, pinch, pinch and pull) demonstrated whether South African manual workers show the same decline in strength with aging as seen in industrially advanced countries. The second component of the study, Part II, was performed in situ and measured the workers’ responses to task demands of three brick palletising tasks, one manual (n=21) and two with increasing mechanisation (n=12 each). Spinal kinematics, joint forces and working heart rate were assessed on normal work days during a 30-lift duration and body discomfort measures were taken at the start, middle and end of the work-shift. Spinal kinematics were measured dynamically using a lumbar motion monitor, whereas the spinal forces were estimated using the three dimensional static strength prediction program. The worker capacity results showed that waist to hip ratio, waist circumference and body fat percentage increased significantly with aging, whereas body mass index was not affected by age. All body morphology values were within ‘normal’ ranges. Although diastolic blood pressure increased significantly with age, systolic was not affected significantly by age. Both groups, however, showed an increasing prevalence of hypertension with aging. There were no significant changes in resting heart rate with aging, with a range of 66 bt.min⁻¹ to 74.86 bt.min⁻¹, therefore within normal ranges. Of the strength factors, age only affected shoulder and push strength significantly: Showing a decrease in shoulder strength from 49.89 kgF to 39.91 kgF in the men aged 20-29 to the 50-59 respectively and an increase in push strength from men aged 30-39 and 40-49 to those aged 50-59. Part II results revealed highly frequent lift rates and large degrees of sagittal flexion and lateral bending in all three tasks. These postures adopted for long durations are likely to lead to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Heart rates of workers from the three tasks were significantly different and heart rates for two tasks were above the recommended 110 bt.min⁻¹. Similarly the body discomfort ratings of the three tasks differed, although a common trend was seen in that lower back pain was the most commonly reported area of discomfort in all tasks. South African manual materials handling males did not show the same responses to aging as men from industrially advanced countries, calling for further research into these differences. Due to the high risks of the three tasks assessed, future research and interventions are required to reduce the risk of injury in the assessed tasks.
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Tennant, Charnel. "Exploring the lived experiences of South African maladaptive gamblers." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5021.
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For many individuals, gambling is regarded as a recreational activity, a socially encompassed pastime. For the individuals who partook in the present study, gambling is an Achilles heel at which the individuals were hopelessly at the mercy of. Initially a ‘fun’ activity, gambling emerged as an activity that provided both an aspect of enjoyment and escapism. Later, as the behaviour increased, interpersonal and intrapersonal consequences emerged; which eventually led participants to take action and break free from the activity once experienced as recreational and now as a “monster”. The aim of the study was to explore the lived experience of six South African individuals who met the criteria for a gambling disorder. Both a phenomenological approach and ecological perspective were used to elicit the essence of this particular phenomenon as experienced by the participants. Purposive sampling procedures were implemented. Data was collected through the use of a biographical questionnaire and individual, open ended conversations with six gamblers. The data was processed and analysed according to qualitative data processing and analysis procedures. Due to the gap in qualitative research in this particular area, specifically in the South African context, this research study has the potential to create a better understanding of the lived experience of gambling addiction through the shared experiences of participants.
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Kaschula, S. A. H. "The impact of HIV and AIDS on household food security and food acquisition strategies in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007137.
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How should the impact of HIV and AIDS on rural livelihoods be factored into efforts to monitor and stabilise household food security? With both HIV and AIDS and food security at the top of the global development agenda, this is a question posed by many scholars, practitioners, donor agencies and government departments. However, while there is an excess of discourse outlining the theoretical bases for how HIV and AIDS can, and is, radically transforming household food acquisition; there is a lack of empirical evidence from the South African context that demonstrates if, and how, HIV and AIDS changes household-level strategies of food acquisition and intake. This thesis explores the association of household-level mortality, chronic illness and additional child-dependent fostering with household experience of food security and food acquisition strategies, in three rural villages in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces of South Africa. Qualitative and quantitative methods of data-collection were applied to 307 households in the three sites. For twelve months, both HIV and AIDS-afflicted and non-afflicted households were repeatedly visited at 3-month intervals, in order to be assessed for levels of food security, dietary intake and method of food procurement (purchased, cultivated, wild or donated). Overall, HIV and AIDS-afflicted households showed a significantly higher experience of food insecurity, probably attributable to shortages in food quantity. Dietary composition and overall diversity, however, was not significantly different. Although households with chronic illness and recent mortality showed a heightened investment in cultivation sources, the success of these strategies were to a great extent mediated by household income, and the level of medical treatment received by those who were chronically ill. Chronic illness was also associated with more donations, but these required considerable investments in social capital networks. Finally, use of wild leafy vegetables was not associated with household HIV and AIDS status, despite the financial, nutritional and labour-saving properties of these foods. Overall, the study suggests that there was little evidence of long-term planning and strategy in household food security responses. There was no evidence for shifts to labour-saving crops or foods and, in some instances, child labour was being used to ameliorate prime-adult labour deficits. Moreover, given that the vast majority (89.2%) of food groups were sourced through purchase, it is questionable whether investing in diverse food acquisition strategies would be advisable. Unless supported by medical treatment and steady earned household income, policies to promote intensified household agricultural subsistence production in the wake of HIV and AIDS are unlikely to provide households with anything more than short-term safety-nets, rather than long-term, sustainable food security solutions.
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Meel, A. "Teenage pregnancy among high school girls in Mthatha, South Africa." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1006969.
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Teenage pregnancy is an important health and social problem in South Africa. Despite declining trends of fertility rates in last two decades, the pregnancy among school girls remains steadily high in South Africa. Teenage pregnancy had negative impacts on various aspects of socio-economic well being of school girls. Aim: To determine the proportion of teenage pregnancy among high school girls and to identify the possible factors that influence teenage pregnancy in Mthatha region during the year 2009. Materials & Methods: This is an observational cross sectional, analytic study of teenage pregnancy conducted among high school teenage girls in the Mthatha region of South Africa. Result: A total of 1150 teenage girls from 15 to 19 years of ages responded from seven high schools in the Mthatha region of South Africa. In total 113 (10%) of teenage high school girls were currently mothers or had previously been pregnant. The proportions of those who had ever been pregnant increased significantly with age. The risk of falling pregnant among public high school teenage girls had two times higher compared to private high school teenage girls. Condoms were the most common method of contraception whereas the oral pills were the least common in practice. About half of teenage girls who had ever been pregnant had an abortion and of this one-third had had a backstreet/illegal abortion. The frequency of substance use was significantly higher among teenage girls who had ever been pregnant. A significant correlation was found between low socio-economic status, public schools and teenage pregnancy in this study. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is common among high school girls from 15 to 19 years of age in the Mthatha Region, South Africa. Poor socio-economic family conditions, lack of contraceptive use, early sexual maturation, risky behaviour, lack of knowledge about sexuality and reproductive health, multiple sexual partners and substance use were the common contributing factors of teenage pregnancy.
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Thompson, Glyde Edward. "Sport-specific psychological skills : a comparison between professional and social basketball players in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51919.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the present study the psychological skills of professional and social basketball players were compared. A literature review has highlighted the need for domain specific and sport specific psychological skills research, from countries outside the United States of America. The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) was administered to professional (n=60) and social (n=67) basketball players. The ACSI-28 is a multidimensional scale that measures seven specific psychological skills and also yields a global psychological skills score. The results showed that professional basketball players rated their global psychological skills significantly higher than social basketball players. The results also showed that the professional basketball players scored significantly higher on five of the seven specific psychological skills namely: coping with adversity, peaking under pressure, goal setting, concentration and self-confidence. Cross-cultural differences were found between South African and Greek basketball players. The assumption that psychological skills is domain specific was not verified as baseball and basketball players from different countries showed remarkably similar ACSI-28 profiles. The results can be used to develop a psychological skills training programme which is relevant for elite and pre-elite basketball players in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die sielkundige vaardighede van professionele- en sosiale basketbalspelers is in die huidige studie onderling vergelyk. 'n Literatuurstudie het die behoefte aan domeinspesifieke, sowel as sport-spesifieke sielkundige-vaardigheidsnavorsing beklemtoom, veral vir lande buite die Verenigde State van Amerika. Die Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) is toegepas op professionele (n=60) en sosiale (n=67) basketbalspelers. Die ACSI-28 is 'n multidimensionele skaal wat sewe spesifiek sielkundige vaardighede meet. Hierdie vaardighede kan gekombineer word om 'n globale sielkundige vaardigheidstelling te kry. Volgens die resultate het die professionele basketbalspelers hul globale sielkundige vaardighede beduidend hoër as sosiale basketbalspelers geëvalueer. Die professionele basketbalspelers het hoër tellings as sosiale basketbalspelers behaal op vyf van die sewe spesifiek sielkundige vaardighede naamlik: hantering van terugslae, prestasie onder druk, doelwitstelling, konsentrasie vermoë en self vertroue. Kruis-kulturele verskille is gevind tussen Suid-Afrikaanse en Griekse basketbalspelers. Die aanname, dat sielkundige vaardighede domein-spesifiek is, is nie ondersteun nie, aangesien bofbal en basketbalspelers van verskillende lande ooreenstemmende ACSI-28 profiele getoon het. Die resultate kan aangewend word om 'n sielkundige vaardigheidsopleidingsprogram te ontwikkel wat relevant vir elite and preelite basketbalspelers in Suid Afrika is.
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Abu-Basutu, Keitometsi Ngulube. "Relative contribution of wild foods to individual and household food security in the context of increasing vulnerability due to HIV/AIDS and climate variability." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010864.
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Wild foods are an integral component of the household food basket, yet their quantified contribution to food security relative to other sources in the context of HIV/AIDS, climate change and variability remains underexplored. This study was carried out in Willowvale and Lesseyton which are rural communities in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Willowvale is a relatively remote, medium-rainfall coastal community, while Lesseyton is a peri-urban low rainfall inland community. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data from 78 HIV/AIDS afflicted households with 329 individuals and 87 non-afflicted households with 365 individuals in the two study sites. Households were visited quarterly over 12 months to assess food acquisition methods, dietary intake and quality, and levels of food security, and to determine strategies employed by households to cope with droughts. The wild foods investigated were wild meat, wild birds, wild fish, wild mushrooms, wild leafy vegetables and wild fruits. Diets were moderately well-balanced and limited in variety, with cereal items contributing 52 % to total calorie intake. Mid-upper arm circumference measurements showed that all respondents were adequately nourished. The bulk of the food consumed by households was purchased, with supplementation from own production, wild vegetables and wild fruits. In Willowvale, wild vegetables comprised 46 % of overall vegetable consumption for afflicted households and 32 % for non-afflicted households, while own fruit production comprised 100 % of fruit consumption. In Lesseyton, wild vegetables comprised only 6 % and 4 % of vegetable consumption for afflicted and non-afflicted households, while wild fruit comprised 63 % and 41 % for afflicted and non-afflicted households. More than 80 % of respondents from both afflicted and non-afflicted households had sufficient daily kilocalories, although the majority of afflicted households felt they were food insecure and sometimes collected wild foods as one of their multiple coping strategies. Hunting and gathering of wild foods was associated with site, household affliction status, gender, age and season. More than 80 % of respondents ate wild vegetables and said they were more drought tolerant than conventional vegetables, making them the most consumed wild food and approximately 16 % of respondents ate wild birds, making them the least consumed wild food. Approximately 14 % of respondents from afflicted households in Willowvale sold wild fish, whilst 34 % of respondents from afflicted households and 7 % from non-afflicted households sold wild fruits in Lesseyton. Strategies adopted by households to cope with droughts were different between the two study sites, and households in Willowvale used a wider range of strategies. Given the devastating effects of HIV/AIDS coupled with the drawbacks of climate change and variability on food security, wild foods represent a free and easy way for vulnerable households to obtain food.
Books on the topic "Hair – Social aspects – South Africa"
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Whiteside, Alan. AIDS: The challenge for South Africa. Tafelberg: Human & Rousseau, 2000.
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Whiteside, Alan. AIDS: The challenge for South Africa. Cape Town: Human & Rousseau, 2000.
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Investment and social responsibility, South Africa. Santa Cruz, CA, USA: Reference and Research Services, 1986.
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Moses, William F. Corporate responsibility in a changing South Africa. Washington, DC: Investor Responsibility Research Center, 1991.
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Evaldsson, Anna-Karin. Grass-roots reconciliation in South Africa. Göteborg: Göteborg University, 2007.
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E, Brossman Mark, ed. Pension fund divestiture in South Africa. [Brookfield, Wis.]: International Foundation of Employee Benefit Plans, 1985.
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Tabloid journalism in South Africa: True story! Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.
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(Firm), Drumcafé, ed. The Drumcafé's traditional music of South Africa. Johannesburg, South Africa: Jacana, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Hair – Social aspects – South Africa"
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Castro, Ann-Marie Lo, Lourens Schlebusch, and Mike Davies. "Cross - Cultural Differences in Psycho-Social Aspects of Physical Appearance and Clothing Behaviour Affecting Consumer Behaviour in South Africa." In Proceedings of the 1998 Multicultural Marketing Conference, 216–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17383-2_41.
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Boyce, William, Sarita Verma, Nomusa Mngoma, and Emily Boyce. "An Institutional Analysis of Access to GBV/HIV Services in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." In Social and Psychological Aspects of HIV/AIDS and their Ramifications. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/20862.
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Babayan, Nelli, and Stefano Braghiroli. "Googling Democracy." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 335–50. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6066-3.ch020.
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The spillover of the Arab Spring is often attributed to the increased use of the Internet and various social networks. In addition, many established democracies and international organizations have adopted democracy promotion as their foreign policy objectives. Heads of states regularly praise democracy and reiterate their commitment to its promotion. However, the on-ground activities of democracy promoters remain largely unknown to the broader population. Nevertheless, given the growing influence of non-democratic but economically successful and resource-rich countries, democracy promoters more than ever need to “win the hearts and minds” of these populations. This chapter compares techniques and the extent of publicising democracy promotion, by focusing on the online presence of democracy promoters as the most cost-effective opportunity of communicating goals, strategies, and accomplishments. The chapter categorizes individual Websites of democracy promoters according to their structural, graphic, informative, and programmatic features. This chapter focuses on the EU and USAID in Eastern Europe, Middle East, North Africa, the South Caucasus, and Central Asia. Quantitative and qualitative cross-country and cross-promoter variances are explored by analyzing a wide array of explanatory dimensions. The results suggest that the two promoters vary in their levels of e-activeness and their involvement in Internet-based activities of democracy promotion, with the EU showing a systematically higher commitment in the studied regions. In addition, Internet penetration, the level of democratic development, and geo-political factors are likely to affect a promoter's e-activeness.
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van der Westhuizen, Thea, and Sthokozile Luthuli. "Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies for Secondary Schools as Social Enterprises." In Developing Entrepreneurial Competencies for Start-Ups and Small Business, 159–74. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2714-6.ch011.
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The chapter is written from an Afrocentric perspective with a focus on South Africa and aims to investigate the potential of developing a school as a social enterprise while developing entrepreneurial competencies of the school's internal and external environments. Research objectives were set to determine perceptions of educators on learners' and their own involvement in the school's strategic management process, to explore critical organisational aspects that can engage educators in active decision making and educators' view of the current role they play within the decision-making process. It was found that secondary schools within a South African context, as mostly not viewed as a potential social enterprise and that educators have limited entrepreneurial competencies, which can contribute to strategic development of the school. It is recommended that the school's internal and external environment should be included to develop the school as a social enterprise with strategies to alleviate poverty and instill a mindset of entrepreneurial competence among youth and the community alike.
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Bolsmann, Chris. "Entrenching Apartheid Football and Failed Sports Diplomacy." In Soccer Diplomacy, 159–77. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179513.003.0009.
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Apartheid policy and practices permeated all aspects of social life in South Africa from 1948 onward, with sport becoming a focal point for the implementation and enactment of apartheid policy. While no laws were passed segregating South Africans on the field of play, a range of apartheid laws meant participating in racially mixed sport was near impossible. White South Africa became an integral part of world sport, particularly in the realms of the Olympic Games and in terms of individual sports such as rugby, cricket, soccer, tennis, and golf. In the aftermath of World War II and the decolonization of Africa, apartheid South Africa increasingly became ostracized from the international sporting community. While a range of different sporting bodies in the country engaged in ultimately successful and unsuccessful attempts to remain within the international sporting fold, white South African soccer authorities in particular embarked on a campaign for recognition within FIFA and thereafter struggled to maintain their membership. South African soccer demonstrates the failed sports diplomacy on the part of white South African sports officials and government functionaries more generally in their struggle to justify and maintain segregation and privilege in sports apartheid in South Africa.
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Dhami, Jasdeep Kaur, and Manbir Singh. "Indian Ocean Rim Association." In Regional Trade and Development Strategies in the Era of Globalization, 169–94. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1730-7.ch009.
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The Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) is a regional forum that focuses on bringing together representatives of government, business, and academia, for promotion purposes. It depends on the principles of open regionalism for strengthening trade facilitation and investment, promotion, and social development of the region. Social, cultural, political, geographical, and economic linkages exist between 22 member nations. The main objective of this chapter is analyzing India's trade potential with IORA member nations. The main outcome of this chapter is that India should concentrate on ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate for Australia, gold and semi-manufactured for Singapore, mineral or chemical fertilizers for Thailand, tankers for Malaysia, warp knit fabrics of synthetic fibers for Indonesia, ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate for South Africa, palm oil and fractions for Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Mozambique, Tanzania, the United Republic of Yemen, crude palm oil for Kenya, bigeye tunas, frozen for Mauritius, and carded yarn of fine animal hair for Madagascar.
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Lubbe, Sam, and Shawren Singh. "From Conception to Demise." In Handbook of Research on Strategies for Local E-Government Adoption and Implementation, 832–62. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-282-4.ch044.
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This chapter explores the issues of the interface between Information Systems (IS) and society. We investigate IS and users of these systems at a local parastatal educational institution in South Africa. Local governments have had many IS developed and implemented for the use of customers. The problem is that the impact of IS on social communities have not been taken into account, especially in e-governance in the South African context, when systems are being designed or implemented; as a result may lead to IS failures. Details regarding certain social aspects of IS are discussed. This chapter finally proposes a set of guidelines to help ensure that the social aspects of local government IS are taken into account in the design and implementation of these systems, thereby increasing the chance of success of those systems.
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de Andrade, Daniel Fonseca, Soul Shava, and Sanskriti Menon. "Cities as Opportunities." In Urban Environmental Education Review, edited by Alex Russ and Marianne E. Krasny. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501705823.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the notion of “cities as opportunities,” drawing on urban experiences lived in the broader geopolitical context of the Global South. It shows that different countries and cities present different conditions and opportunities to address multidimensional social and environmental problems. In the Global South, cities integrate into environmental narratives aspects of their colonial histories and decolonizing viewpoints, which are reflected in educational practices. Environmental education in these cities reflects the ways that people construct perspectives and narratives to frame and address social and environmental issues, while also providing models for other countries seeking to simultaneously address environmental and social justice. The chapter looks at examples of urban environmental education from three countries: South Africa, Brazil, and India. It demonstrates how the intensity of colonial legacies and environmental problems in cities in the Global South makes them “cities as opportunities” for environmental education and urban sustainability.
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"1 Africa south of the Sahara: vital statistics 283 12.2 Calendar for Africa south of the Sahara 283 12.3 Demographic features of the thirty African countries with the 289 largest populations 12.4 Economic and social aspects of the thirty African countries 290 with the largest populations 12.5 Smaller countries of Africa south of the Sahara 291 12.6 Sorghum and maize yields in selected countries 293 12.7 The mineral reserves of South Africa 295 12.8 Maize and sorghum yields in Ethiopia and the USA compared 298 12.9 The racial composition of the population of South Africa in 304 the twentieth century 13.1 Calendar for North Africa and Southwest Asia 309 13.2 Water, oil and gas, and Muslims in North Africa and 312 Southwest Asia 13.3 Demographic data for the countries of North Africa and 313 Southwest Asia 13.4 Economic and social data for the countries of North Africa and 314 Southwest Asia 13.5 The distribution of the Kurds 320 13.6 International trade 321 13.7 Major oil companies in the world 326 13.8 OPEC oil production and consumption 327 14.1 Calendar for South Asia 330." In Geography of the World's Major Regions, 669. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203429815-179.
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Baldwin, Peter. "Health Care." In The Narcissism of Minor Differences. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195391206.003.0006.
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The U.S. Economy does Differ from Europe’s: a less regulated labor market, but also an economy that is more hemmed in than might be expected. By European standards, America has hardish-working people, a state that collects fewer tax dollars, and workers who are paid well even if their holidays are short. In social policy, the contrasts are more moderate. Europeans commonly believe that the United States simply has no social policy—no social security, no unemployment benefits, no state pensions, and no assistance for the poor. As Jean-François Revel, the political philosopher and académicien, summed up French criticism, the United States shows “not the slightest bit of social solidarity.” Will Hutton similarly assures us that “The structures that support ordinary peoples’ lives—free health care, quality education, guarantees of reasonable living standards in old age, sickness or unemployment, housing for the disadvantaged— that Europeans take for granted are conspicuous by their absence.” And, in fact, the United States is the only developed nation, unless one counts South Africa, without some form of national health insurance, which is to say a system of requiring all its citizens to be insured in one way or another. This lack of universal health insurance is the one fact that every would-be comparativist working across the Atlantic knows, and the first one to be hoisted as the battle is engaged. One of the first attempts to quantify and rank health care performance, by the World Health Organization in 2000, gave the American system its due. Overall, it came in below any of our comparison countries, three notches under Denmark. In various specific aspects of health policy, it did better. For disability adjusted life expectancy, it came in above Ireland, Denmark, and Portugal; on the responsiveness of the health system, it ranked first; on a composite measure of various indicators summed up as “overall health system attainment,” it ranked above seven Western European countries. Even on the measure of “fairness of financial contribution to health systems,” where we might have expected an abysmal rating, the United States squeaked in above Portugal. That is, of course, damning with faint praise, especially given that in this particular aspect of the ranking—a well-meaning but other-worldly attempt by international bureaucrats to rake the entire globe over the teeth of one comb—Colombia came in first, outpacing its close rivals, Luxembourg and Belgium, while Libya beat out Sweden.
Conference papers on the topic "Hair – Social aspects – South Africa"
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Heun, M. K., J. L. van Niekerk, M. Swilling, A. J. Meyer, A. Brent, and T. P. Fluri. "Learnable Lessons on Sustainability From the Provision of Electricity in South Africa." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90071.
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South Africa is a “canary in a coal mine” for the world’s upcoming ecological crises, especially regarding electrical energy provision for a developing modern society, because aspects of the South African situation may be repeated elsewhere when ecological limits constrain economic activity. We describe the South African context in terms of social issues and economic development policies, environmental issues, and the electrical energy situation in the country. We explore implications of the South African context for the provision of electrical energy in terms of development objectives, climate change, the electrical grid, water, and solar, wind, ocean, and hydro energy resources. Thereafter, we explore future directions for electrical energy provision in the country, including some important questions to be answered. Next, we offer a rational way forward, including an assessment favoring concentrated solar power (CSP) as a path of least resistance for decoupling South Africa’s energy use from upstream and downstream environmental impacts. We conclude with some learnable lessons from the South African context for the rest of the developing and developed world.
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"Perspectives on Historically Marginalized Doctoral Students in the United States and South Africa." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4210.
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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2019 issue of the International Journal of Doctoral Studies, Volume 14] Aim/Purpose: This work expands discussions on the application of cultural frameworks on research in doctoral education in the United States and South Africa. There is an emphasis on identifying and reinterpreting the doctoral process where racial and cultural aspects have been marginalized by way of legacies of exclusions in both contexts. An underlying premise of this work is to support representation of marginalized students within the context of higher education internationalization. Background: Decades of reporting provide evidence of statistical portraits on degree attainment. Yet, some large-scale reporting does not include representation of historically marginalized groups until the 1970’s in the United States, and the 2000’s for South Africa. With the growth of internationalization in higher education, examination of the impact of marginalization serves to support representation of diversity-focused discussions in the development of regional international education organizations, multilateral networks, and cross-collaborative teaching and research projects. Methodology: Qualitative research synthesis of literature focused on a dimensional framework of diversity provides a basis for this discussion paper regarding the potential of Sankofa as a cultural framework for examining the historically marginalized doctoral experience in the United States and South Africa. Contribution: A major contribution of this work offers critical questions on the use of cultural frameworks in doctoral education in the US and South Africa and broader dynamics of higher education internationalization. Findings: Sankofa reveals critical insight for reinterpretation of the doctoral process through comparison of perspectives on the historically marginalized doctoral experience in the United States and South Africa. They include consideration of the social developments leading to the current predicament of marginalization for students; awareness of the different reporting strategies of data; implementation of cultural frameworks to broaden the focus on how to understand student experiences; and, an understanding of the differences in student-faculty relationships. Recommendations for Practitioners: Recommendations for practitioners highlight the application of cultural frameworks in the development and implementation of practical strategies in the support of historically marginalized doctoral students. Recommendations for Researchers: Recommendations for researchers consider the application of cultural frameworks in the development of scholarship supporting historically marginalized doctoral students within a global context. Impact on Society: Intended outcomes for this work include increasing awareness about historically marginalized doctoral students. Recommendations are focused on improving their academic and career experiences in the United States and South Africa with global implications for this student population. Future Research: Future research should consider the application of cultural frameworks when examining the historically marginalized doctoral experience within global, national, and local contexts.