Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hair structure

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Academic literature on the topic 'Hair structure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Hair structure"

1

Erdsack, Nicola, Guido Dehnhardt, Martin Witt, Andreas Wree, Ursula Siebert, and Wolf Hanke. "Unique fur and skin structure in harbour seals ( Phoca vitulina )—thermal insulation, drag reduction, or both?" Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 104 (2015): 20141206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1206.

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Vertebrate surface structures, including mammalian skin and hair structures, have undergone various modifications during evolution in accordance with functional specializations. Harbour seals rely on their vibrissal system for orientation and foraging. To maintain tactile sensitivity even at low temperatures, the vibrissal follicles are heated up intensely, which could cause severe heat loss to the environment. We analysed skin samples of different body parts of harbour seals, and expected to see higher hair densities at the vibrissal pads as a way to reduce heat loss. In addition to significantly higher hair densities around the vibrissae than on the rest of the body, we show a unique fur structure of hair bundles consisting of broad guard hairs along with hairs of a new type, smaller than guard hairs but broader than underhairs, which we defined as ‘intermediate hairs’. This fur composition has not been reported for any mammal so far and may serve for thermal insulation as well as drag reduction. Furthermore, we describe a scale-like skin structure that also presumably plays a role in drag reduction.
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2

Wyrostek, Anna, Katarzyna Roman, Katarzyna Czyż, Marzena Janczak, and Bożena Patkowska-Sokoła. "Analysis of the hair coat of domestic cats with special focus on histological structure." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 13, no. 1 (2017): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5309.

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The aim of the study was to characterize the hair coat of domestic cats. The research material consisted of hairs of different fractions collected in winter from female cats with a uniform hair coat colour: white,cream, red, brown and black. The hairs were divided into individual fractions, i.e. underhair, bristle hair and guard hair, and the following characteristics were evaluated: thickness, length, long and short axis length, stress at break and elongation. SEM (scanning electron microscope) images of all types of hair were taken and used to characterize each hair type and to calculate the number of scales per mm of hair length. The content of ions of various chemical elements was determined as well. Underhairs, which accounted for the largest percentage in the coat, were the thinnest and shortest, and had the most regular and distinct scale pattern. Guard hairs were the least numerous, but were the longest and thickest of all hairs examined. Both guard and bristle hairs had irregular scales with jagged edges. The cross-sections of these hairs revealed the presence of all the layers, i.e. the cuticle, cortex and medulla. In the underhair fraction the medulla was observed only in red cats. In all hairs the share of carbon, oxygen and sulphur ions was largest; these are the main omponents of hair protein, i.e. keratin.
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3

Blomstedt, Leena. "Pelage cycle and hair bundle structure in the young and adult ferret, Mustela putorius." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 10 (1995): 1937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-227.

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The pelage growth cycle and hair bundle structure of three male ferrets, Mustela putorius, as young animals and adults were examined histologically. The follow-up period was 17 months. The growth phase of guard hairs and underfur hairs in follicular bundles was analyzed. Skin samples from the hip were prepared for light microscopy; paraffin sections were cut parallel to the skin surface and stained with a modified SACPIC method. Guard hairs started to develop earlier than underfur hairs. Young ferrets shed hairs between August and mid-November, the guard hairs in three waves and the underfur hairs in one period. In the adult ferrets, guard hair growth peaked three times between June and October. There were individual differences in the summer underfur: growth occurred in one period or in two separate waves. Moulting of the summer coat ended late in October, coinciding with the maximum number of growing winter underfur hairs. In the winter pelage the two hair types matured simultaneously. There was a guard hair in all mature winter coat hair bundles. In addition, all hairs had a medulla.
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4

Chernova, O. F., V. F. Kulikov, and A. V. Abramov. "The hair structure of the long-eared gymnure (Otohylomys megalotis)." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 319, no. 3 (2015): 428–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2015.319.3.428.

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Weak degree of hair differentiation and microstructure of hair and whiskers of Otohylomys megalotis are similar to those in Hylomys suillus and Neotetracus sinensis: there are spear-shaped lead hairs and zigzag guard hairs of three orders, downy hairs are missing. In O. megalotis: 1) hairs are longer than those of other gymnures; 2) thin convoluted hair bases bound up contributing to the formation of the inert layer of air near the surface of the skin, improves the thermal insulation properties of hair in the absence of downy hairs; 3) strength in thinnest areas of the shaft (at its base and excesses) is provided by thickening of its cuticular scales, the special interconnection between cuticle and cortex, and cruciform layout of medulla discs in these places; 4) the pineal cuticular ornament of hair bases is characteristic of all three species of gymnures and resembles that of other insectivores, as well as of some marsupials and carnivores that reflects similar hair adaptations to the habitats; 5) for the first time discovered specialized pyramidal medulla of vibrissae, stiffening a shaft that is necessary for effective transfer of mechanical impulses to nerve cells of vibrissae follicle and functioning of whiskers as a tactile organ; 6) a long proboscis with well-developed nasal vibrissae and also numerous long whiskers on muzzle, neck, wrists and forearms are important and effective for the O. megalotis orientation in complex terrain karst habitats.
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5

Wang, Qian, Kun Xu, Cheng Fan, Lining Sun, Lei Zhang, and Kejun Wang. "Research on Material and Morphological Structure of Venus Flytrap Trigger Hair." Journal of Bionic Engineering 18, no. 5 (2021): 1126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42235-021-00082-z.

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AbstractVenus flytrap can sense the very small insects that touch its tactile receptors, known as trigger hairs, and thus capture prey to maintain its nutrient demand. However, there are few studies on the trigger hair and its morphological structure and material properties are not fully understood. In this study, the trigger hair is systematically characterized with the help of different instruments. Results show that trigger hair is a special cantilever beam structure and it has a large longitudinal diameter ratio. Besides, it is composed of a hair lever and a basal podium, and there is a notch near the hair base. The cross-section of the trigger hair is approximately a honeycomb structure, which is composed of many holes. Methods to measure mechanical properties of trigger hair are introduced in this paper. Based on the mechanical tests, trigger hair proved to be a variable stiffness structure and shows a high sensitivity to the external force. These features can provide supports for the understanding of the high-sensitivity sensing mechanism of trigger hairs from the perspective of structure and material, and offer inspirations for the development of high-performance tactile sensors.
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6

Nagase. "Hair Structures Affecting Hair Appearance." Cosmetics 6, no. 3 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6030043.

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Optical factors affecting hair appearance are reviewed based on hair structures from macroscopic to microscopic viewpoints. Hair appearance is the result of optical events, such as reflection, refraction, scattering, and absorption. The effects of hair structures on such optical events are summarized and structural conditions for hair appearance are considered. Hair structures are classified into the following: the alignment of multiple hair fibers, the cross-sectional shape of the hair fiber, and the microstructures of hair fiber (cuticle, cortex, and medulla). The alignment of multiple hair fibers is easily affected by the existence of meandering fibers and their alignment along hair length becomes less-synchronized. The less-synchronized orientation of multiple fibers causes the broadening of the apparent reflection and luster-less dull impression. The cross-sectional shape of hair fiber affects light reflection behavior. Hair fibers with elliptical cross-section show glittering colored light based on total reflection in the hair. The scaly structures of cuticles at the surface of hair are often uplifted and cause light scattering, and then affect hair luster. The porous structure of the cortex and medulla in hair fiber can cause light scattering and affect hair luster and color. The above phenomena suggest that important factors for hair appearance are the alignment of multiple hair fibers, appropriate cross-sectional shape, ordered scaly structure, and pore-less internal structure.
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7

Pei, Han-Wen, Hong Liu, You-Liang Zhu, and Zhong-Yuan Lu. "Understanding the wettability of a hairy surface: effect of hair rigidity and topology." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 28 (2016): 18767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp02376b.

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8

Harrison, S., and R. Sinclair. "Hair colouring, permanent styling and hair structure." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 2, no. 3-4 (2003): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2130.2004.00064.x.

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9

Zheng, Qiu Ting, Yi Zhang, Meng Xing Yang, and Hua Wu Liu. "Morphological Structures of Rabbit Hair." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1063–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1063.

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Rabbit hair has been expected to be a partial replacement of cashmere, due to its excellent performance and relatively cheaper price. However, the attempt has not been successful, since the morphological structure of the rabbit hair is quite different from other animal hairs. The literature regarding rabbit hair is fairly rich, but the morphology of rabbit hair is too complex to make a very certain conclusion. Hence, the morphological structure of rabbit hair was investigated again in this study, using optical microscopy and the scanning electron microscopy. The basic shape of the hair scale, the cortex distribution and the medulla of different fineness were studied. It was founded that no medulla existed when the diameter was less than 10um. When the fiber diameter was between 10um and 20um, there was normally one medulla layer. Two and three medulla layers occurred when fiber diameter was between 20um and 30um. When the diameter was more than 50um, multi-layers of medulla presented. Keywords: Rabbit Hair, Morphological Structure, Scale Layer, Cortex Layer, Medulla Layer.
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10

Devaraj, H., Kean C. Aw, E. Haemmerle, and R. Sharma. "Fluid–Structure Interaction of High Aspect-Ratio Hair-Like Micro-Structures Through Dimensional Transformation Using Lattice Boltzmann Method." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 08, no. 08 (2016): 1650095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825116500952.

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3D printed hair-like micro-structures have been previously demonstrated in a novel micro-fluidic flow sensor aimed at sensing air flows down to rates of a few milliliters per second. However, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the structural response of these ‘micro-hairs' under a fluid flow field. This paper demonstrates the use of lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM) to understand this structural response towards a better optimization of the micro-hair flow sensors designed to suit the end applications' needs. The LBM approach was chosen as an efficient alternative to simulate Navier–Stokes equations for modeling fluid flow around complex geometries primarily for improved accuracy and simplicity with lesser computational costs. As the spatial dimensions of the sensor's flow channel are much larger in comparison to the actual micro-hairs (the sensing element), a multidimensional approach of combining two-dimensional (D2Q9) and three-dimensional (D3Q19) lattice configurations were implemented for improved computational speeds and efficiency. The drag force on the micro-hairs was estimated using the momentum-exchange method in the D3Q19 configuration and this drag force is transferred to the structural analysis model which determines the micro-hair deformation using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The entirety of the LBM Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) model was implemented within MATLAB and the obtained results are compared against the numerical model implemented on a commercially available software package.
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