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Journal articles on the topic 'Haiti earthquake'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

O'Brien, Patrick, Marc Eberhard, Olafur Haraldsson, Ayhan Irfanoglu, David Lattanzi, Steven Lauer, and Santiago Pujol. "Measures of the Seismic Vulnerability of Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Haiti." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 1_suppl1 (October 2011): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3637034.

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Following the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake, teams of students and faculty members from the United States and Haiti surveyed 170 reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Port-au-Prince and Léogâne. This paper summarizes the survey results and compares them with results from a similar survey done after the 1999 earthquakes near Düzce, Turkey. The survey results demonstrate that the frequency of damage in RC buildings was higher in Haiti than in Turkey. This increased level of damage is consistent with practical screening criteria based on cross-sectional areas of building columns and walls. Based on these criteria, 90% of the structures surveyed in Haiti would have been classified as seismically vulnerable before the earthquake. Damage was more frequent in structures with captive columns. A two-tiered screening process is suggested to rapidly assess the vulnerability of scores of poorly built low-rise RC buildings in future earthquakes.

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2

Gabriel, Allen, Shelby Gialich, Julie Kirk, Sheriden Edwards, Brooke Beck, Alexandra Sorocéanu, Scott Nelson, Cassie Gabriel, and Subhas Gupta. "The Haiti Earthquake." Advances in Skin & Wound Care 24, no. 10 (October 2011): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.asw.0000406473.36176.79.

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3

Sarkar, S., S. Choudhary, A. Sonakia, A. Vishwakarma, and A. K. Gwal. "Ionospheric anomalies associated with the Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010 observed by DEMETER satellite." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 20, 2012): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-671-2012.

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Abstract. This paper examines the ionospheric anomalies around the time of a strong earthquake (M = 7.0) which occurred in Haiti region (18.457° N, 72.533° W) on 12 January 2010. DEMETER satellite data have been used to study the plasma parameters variation during the Haiti earthquake. One day (11 January 2010) before the earthquake there is a significant enhancement of electron density and electron temperature near the epicenter. Decrease of electron temperature is observed few days after the earthquake. Anomalous plasma parameter variations are detected both in day and nighttimes before the quake. Statistical processing of the DEMETER data demonstrates that satellite data can play an important role for the study of precursory phenomena associated with earthquakes.

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4

An, Hong Chang. "Outcome-Based Earthquake early Warning." Advanced Materials Research 461 (February 2012): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.461.302.

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Earthquake early warning (EEW) has been popular since 2007, but Wenchuan Earthquake occurred in China in 2008, Haiti Earthquake, Chile Earthquake and Yushu Earthquake occurred respectively in Haiti, Chile and China in 2010, and East Japan Earthquake occurred in Japan in 2011. This paper first illustrates Wenchuan Earthquake, and then introduces successful EEW cases such as Chile Earthquake and East Japan Earthquake and other unsuccessful EEW cases such as Haiti Earthquake and Yushu Earthquake. Furthermore, on the basis of principles of EEW, both outcome-based EEW and comprehensive outcome-based EEW are put forward and some EEW suggestions are given to China according to earthquake and its management in China.

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5

Oktaviani, Jusmalia, Christy Pavita Kumesan, and Saltiq Fajar. "Analisis Pemetaan Kerentanan Masyarakat Terhadap Bencana Gempa: Studi Kasus Gempa di Haiti Tahun 2010." JURNAL SOSIAL POLITIK 3, no. 1 (June 9, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sospol.v3i1.4400.

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AbstrakHaiti terletak di Pulau Hispaniola, yang merupakan perbatasan antara lempeng tektonik Amerika dan Karibia. Lempeng ini bergerak sekitar 2 sentimeter per tahun, sehingga termasuk seismik aktif dan memiliki sejarah gempa yang panjang. Namun, dengan sejarahnya yang sering terkena gempa, tidak membuat negara ini menjadi siap terhadap gempa. Pada tahun 2010, gempa yang cukup besar, dengan skala sekitar 7 SR menerpa Haiti. Korban jiwa yang diakibatkan oleh gempa tersebut mencapai 100.000 hingga 300.000 jiwa. Menurut UN General Assembly, kerugian total akibat gempa bumi diperkirakan mencapai USD 7.8 milyar, yang berarti setara dengan lebih dari 120 persen GDP Haiti di tahun 2009. Melalui tulisan ini, peneliti ingin mengetahui bagaimana analisis kerentanan masyarakat Haiti terhadap bencana alam, terutama gempa, karena dengan skala yang sebenarnya tidak terlalu besar (7 SR), gempa tahun 2010 tersebut menelan begitu banyak korban jiwa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data documentary analysis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bencana alam mempunyai beberapa dimensi, dan membutuhkan penanganan komprehensif agar jumlah korban jiwa akibat gempa bisa ditekan dan diminimalisir oleh pemerintah.Kata Kunci: bencana alam, gempa, kerentanan masyarakat.AbstractHaiti is located on the island of Hispaniola, which is the border between America and Caribbean tectonic plates. These plates move about 2 centimeters per year, thus including seismically active, has a long history of earthquakes. However, as a land which often affected by the earthquake, this state is not ready against earthquakes. In 2010, an earthquake, about 7 SR scale hit Haiti. The loss of life caused by the earthquake reached 100,000 to 300,000. According to the UN General Assembly, a total loss due to the earthquake is estimated at USD 7.8 billion, which would be equivalent to more than 120 percent of Haiti's GDP in 2009. By this article, the researchers probe the Haiti’s community vulnerability analysis towards natural disasters, particularly earthquakes, because the actual scale of the earthquake itself is not enormous, only 7 SR of 10 SR, however the earthquake in 2010 swallowed so many losses. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques documentary analysis. The result shows that a natural disaster has several dimensions, and requires a comprehensive action so that the number of casualties caused by the earthquake can be suppressed and minimized by the government.Keywords: natural disasters, earthquakes, community vulnerability

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6

Oktaviani, Jusmalia, Christy Pavita Kumesan, and Saltiq Fajar. "Analisis Pemetaan Kerentanan Masyarakat Terhadap Bencana Gempa: Studi Kasus Gempa di Haiti Tahun 2010." JURNAL SOSIAL POLITIK 3, no. 1 (June 9, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/.v2i2.4400.

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AbstrakHaiti terletak di Pulau Hispaniola, yang merupakan perbatasan antara lempeng tektonik Amerika dan Karibia. Lempeng ini bergerak sekitar 2 sentimeter per tahun, sehingga termasuk seismik aktif dan memiliki sejarah gempa yang panjang. Namun, dengan sejarahnya yang sering terkena gempa, tidak membuat negara ini menjadi siap terhadap gempa. Pada tahun 2010, gempa yang cukup besar, dengan skala sekitar 7 SR menerpa Haiti. Korban jiwa yang diakibatkan oleh gempa tersebut mencapai 100.000 hingga 300.000 jiwa. Menurut UN General Assembly, kerugian total akibat gempa bumi diperkirakan mencapai USD 7.8 milyar, yang berarti setara dengan lebih dari 120 persen GDP Haiti di tahun 2009. Melalui tulisan ini, peneliti ingin mengetahui bagaimana analisis kerentanan masyarakat Haiti terhadap bencana alam, terutama gempa, karena dengan skala yang sebenarnya tidak terlalu besar (7 SR), gempa tahun 2010 tersebut menelan begitu banyak korban jiwa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data documentary analysis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bencana alam mempunyai beberapa dimensi, dan membutuhkan penanganan komprehensif agar jumlah korban jiwa akibat gempa bisa ditekan dan diminimalisir oleh pemerintah.Kata Kunci: bencana alam, gempa, kerentanan masyarakat.AbstractHaiti is located on the island of Hispaniola, which is the border between America and Caribbean tectonic plates. These plates move about 2 centimeters per year, thus including seismically active, has a long history of earthquakes. However, as a land which often affected by the earthquake, this state is not ready against earthquakes. In 2010, an earthquake, about 7 SR scale hit Haiti. The loss of life caused by the earthquake reached 100,000 to 300,000. According to the UN General Assembly, a total loss due to the earthquake is estimated at USD 7.8 billion, which would be equivalent to more than 120 percent of Haiti's GDP in 2009. By this article, the researchers probe the Haiti’s community vulnerability analysis towards natural disasters, particularly earthquakes, because the actual scale of the earthquake itself is not enormous, only 7 SR of 10 SR, however the earthquake in 2010 swallowed so many losses. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection techniques documentary analysis. The result shows that a natural disaster has several dimensions, and requires a comprehensive action so that the number of casualties caused by the earthquake can be suppressed and minimized by the government.Keywords: natural disasters, earthquakes, community vulnerability

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7

Ravenscroft, Kent. "Haiti Earthquake Psychiatric Relief." American Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 9 (September 2010): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040623.

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8

Risler, Ed, Sara Kintzle, and Larry Nackerud. "Haiti and the Earthquake." Research on Social Work Practice 25, no. 2 (April 23, 2014): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731514530002.

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9

Devi, Sharmila. "Helping earthquake-hit Haiti." Lancet 375, no. 9711 (January 2010): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60114-6.

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10

Marchetti, Dedalo. "Observation of the Preparation Phase Associated with Mw = 7.2 Haiti Earthquake on 14 August 2021 from a Geophysical Data Point of View." Geosciences 14, no. 4 (March 30, 2024): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14040096.

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On 14 August 2021, an earthquake of moment magnitude Mw = 7.2 hit Haiti Island. Unfortunately, it caused several victims and economic damage to the island. While predicting earthquakes is still challenging and has not yet been achieved, studying the preparation phase of such catastrophic events may improve our knowledge and pose the basis for future predictions of earthquakes. In this paper, the six months that preceded the Haiti earthquake are analysed, investigating the lithosphere (by seismic catalogue), atmosphere (by climatological archive) and ionosphere by China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01) and Swarm satellites, as well as Total Electron Content (TEC) data. Several anomalies have been extracted from the analysed parameters using different techniques. A comparison, especially between the different layers, could increase or decrease the probability that a specific group of anomalies may be (or not) related to the preparation phase of the Haiti 2021 earthquake. In particular, two possible coupling processes have been revealed as part of the earthquake preparation phase. The first one was only between the lithosphere and the atmosphere about 130 days before the mainshock. The second one was about two months before the seismic event. It is exciting to underline that all the geo-layers show anomalies at that time: seismic accumulation of stress showed an increase of its slope, several atmospheric quantities underline abnormal atmospheric conditions, and CSES-01 Ne depicted two consecutive days of ionospheric electron density. This suggested a possible coupling of lithosphere–atmosphere and ionosphere as a sign of the increased stress, i.e., the impending earthquake.

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11

Werner, Stuart, Nason McCullough, William Bruin, Alex Augustine, Glenn Rix, Brian Crowder, and Joshua Tomblin. "Seismic Performance of Port de Port-au-Prince during the Haiti Earthquake and Post-Earthquake Restoration of Cargo Throughput." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 1_suppl1 (October 2011): 387–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3638716.

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The Port de Port-au-Prince is the largest seaport in Haiti, and is essential to the country's economy. The Haiti earthquake severely damaged the Port, which disrupted the transport of cargoes into Haiti that were vital to the country's emergency response and post-earthquake recovery. Major contributors to this damage were widespread soil liquefaction, the poor performance of batter piles, and the poor pre-earthquake condition of many components of the Port's waterfront structures. Immediately after the earthquake, a U.S. military task force was deployed to the port to perform emergency repairs needed to reestablish cargo throughput. These repairs restored a significant cargo-throughput capacity at this small but vital seaport within weeks after the earthquake.

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12

Akhoondzadeh, M. "Support vector machines for TEC seismo-ionospheric anomalies detection." Annales Geophysicae 31, no. 2 (February 6, 2013): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-173-2013.

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Abstract. Using time series prediction methods, it is possible to pursue the behaviors of earthquake precursors in the future and to announce early warnings when the differences between the predicted value and the observed value exceed the predefined threshold value. Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are widely used due to their many advantages for classification and regression tasks. This study is concerned with investigating the Total Electron Content (TEC) time series by using a SVM to detect seismo-ionospheric anomalous variations induced by the three powerful earthquakes of Tohoku (11 March 2011), Haiti (12 January 2010) and Samoa (29 September 2009). The duration of TEC time series dataset is 49, 46 and 71 days, for Tohoku, Haiti and Samoa earthquakes, respectively, with each at time resolution of 2 h. In the case of Tohoku earthquake, the results show that the difference between the predicted value obtained from the SVM method and the observed value reaches the maximum value (i.e., 129.31 TECU) at earthquake time in a period of high geomagnetic activities. The SVM method detected a considerable number of anomalous occurrences 1 and 2 days prior to the Haiti earthquake and also 1 and 5 days before the Samoa earthquake in a period of low geomagnetic activities. In order to show that the method is acting sensibly with regard to the results extracted during nonevent and event TEC data, i.e., to perform some null-hypothesis tests in which the methods would also be calibrated, the same period of data from the previous year of the Samoa earthquake date has been taken into the account. Further to this, in this study, the detected TEC anomalies using the SVM method were compared to the previous results (Akhoondzadeh and Saradjian, 2011; Akhoondzadeh, 2012) obtained from the mean, median, wavelet and Kalman filter methods. The SVM detected anomalies are similar to those detected using the previous methods. It can be concluded that SVM can be a suitable learning method to detect the novelty changes of a nonlinear time series such as variations of earthquake precursors.

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13

Zhang, W., J. Zhao, W. Wang, H. Ren, L. Chen, and G. Yan. "A preliminary evaluation of surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 3 (June 13, 2013): 2667–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-2667-2013.

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Abstract. The relationship between variations in surface latent heat flux (SLHF) and marine earthquakes has been a popular subject of recent seismological studies. So far, there are two key problems: how to identify the abnormal SLHF variations from complicated background signals, and how to ensure that the anomaly results from earthquake. In this paper, we proposed four adjustable parameters for identification, classified the relationship and analyze SLHF changes several months before six marine earthquakes by employing daily SLHF data. Besides, we also quantitatively evaluate the long-term relationship between earthquakes and SLHF anomalies for the six study areas over a 20 yr period preceding each earthquake. The results suggest: (1) before the South Sandwich Islands, Papua, Samoa and Haiti earthquakes, the SLHF variations above their individual background levels have relatively low amplitudes and are difficult to be considered as precursory anomalies; (2) after removing the clustering effect, most of the anomalies prior to these six earthquakes are not temporally related to any earthquake in each study area in time sequence; (3) for each case, apart from Haiti, more than half of studied earthquakes which were moderate even devastating earthquakes (larger than Mw = 5.3) had no precursory variations in SLHF; and (4) the correlation between SLHF and seismic activity depends largely on data accuracy and parameter settings. Before any application of SLHF data on earthquake prediction, we suggest that anomaly-identifying standards should be established based on long-term regional analysis to eliminate subjectivity. Furthermore, other factors which may result in SLHF variations also should be carefully considered.

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Zhang, W., J. Zhao, W. Wang, H. Ren, L. Chen, and G. Yan. "A preliminary evaluation of surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 10 (October 22, 2013): 2639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-2639-2013.

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Abstract. The relationship between variations in surface latent heat flux (SLHF) and marine earthquakes has been a popular subject of recent seismological studies. So far, there are two key problems: how to identify the abnormal SLHF variations from complicated background signals, and how to ensure that the anomaly results from an earthquake. In this paper, we proposed four adjustable parameters for identification, classified the relationship and analyzed SLHF changes several months before six marine earthquakes by employing daily SLHF data. Additionally, we also quantitatively evaluate the long-term relationship between earthquakes and SLHF anomalies for the six study areas over a 20 yr period preceding each earthquake. The results suggest the following: (1) before the South Sandwich Islands, Papua, Samoa and Haiti earthquakes, the SLHF variations above their individual background levels have relatively low amplitudes and are difficult to be considered as precursory anomalies; (2) after removing the clustering effect, most of the anomalies prior to these six earthquakes are not temporally related to any earthquake in each study area in time sequence; (3) for each case, apart from Haiti, more than half of the studied earthquakes, which were moderate and even devastating earthquakes (larger than Mw = 5.3), had no precursory variations in SLHF; and (4) the correlation between SLHF and seismic activity depends largely on data accuracy and parameter settings. Before any application of SLHF data on earthquake prediction, we suggest that anomaly-identifying standards should be established based on long-term regional analysis to eliminate subjectivity. Furthermore, other factors that may result in SLHF variations should also be carefully considered.

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15

Laguerre, Marc-Ansy, Mohammad Salehi, and Reginald Desroches. "Empirical Fragility Analysis of Haitian Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings." Buildings 14, no. 3 (March 14, 2024): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030792.

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This study develops empirical fragility curves for concrete and masonry buildings in Haiti, utilizing data from the 2021 earthquake. A dataset of 3527 buildings from the StEER database, encompassing a diverse range of building types, is used. These buildings types include reinforced concrete structures with masonry infills, confined masonry buildings, reinforced masonry bearing walls, and unreinforced masonry bearing walls. Shakemaps from the USGS are utilized to assess the earthquake’s intensity at each building, with the peak ground acceleration (PGA) as the intensity measure. Damage is classified into five distinct states: no damage, minor, moderate, severe, and partial or total collapse. For each of these states, the corresponding probabilities of exceedance are calculated, and log-normal cumulative distribution functions were fitted to those data to produce empirical fragility curves. The results show a notable similarity in performance among the four types, each having high probability of failure even under low-intensity earthquakes. Total fragility curves (including all four building types) are developed subsequently and they are convolved to the probabilistic seismic hazard map of Haiti to assess the seismic risk. This includes estimating the annual probability of partial/total collapse and the probability of partial/total collapse in the event of 475-year and 2475-year earthquakes. The results indicate a significant risk, with up to 64% probability of collapse in certain areas for the 2475-year earthquake and a probability of collapse of 15% for a 475-year earthquake. These findings underscore the critical vulnerability of Haiti’s buildings to seismic events and the urgent need for their retrofit.

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Dube, Annie, Madeline Moffatt, Colleen Davison, and Susan Bartels. "Health Outcomes for Children in Haiti Since the 2010 Earthquake: A Systematic Review." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17007105.

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AbstractBackgroundHaiti remains the poorest country in the Americas and one of the poorest in the world. Children in Haiti face many health concerns, some of which were exacerbated by the 2010 earthquake. This systematic review summarizes published research conducted since the 2010 earthquake, focusing on health outcomes for children in Haiti, including physical, psychological, and socioeconomic well-being.MethodsA literature search was conducted identifying articles published from January 2010 through May 2016 related to pediatric health outcomes in Haiti. Two reviewers screened articles independently. Included research articles described at least one physical health, psychological health, or socioeconomic outcome among children less than 18 years of age in Haiti since the January 2010 earthquake.ResultsFifty-eight full-length research articles were reviewed, covering infectious diseases (non-cholera [N=12] and cholera [N=7]), nutrition (N=11), traumatic injuries (N=11), mental health (N=9), anemia (N=4), abuse and violence (N=5), and other topics (N=3). Many children were injured in the 2010 earthquake, and care of their injuries is described in the literature. Infectious diseases were a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children following the earthquake, with cholera being one of the most important etiologies. The literature also revealed that large numbers of children in Haiti have significant symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), peri-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety, and that food insecurity and malnutrition continue to be important issues.ConclusionsFuture health programs in Haiti should focus on provision of clean water, sanitation, and other measures to prevent infectious diseases. Mental health programming and services for children also appear to be greatly needed, and food insecurity/malnutrition must be addressed if children are to lead healthy, productive lives. Given the burden of injury after the 2010 earthquake, further research on long-term disabilities among children in Haiti is needed.DubeA,MoffattM,DavisonC,BartelsS.Health outcomes for children in Haiti since the 2010 earthquake: a systematic review.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(1):77–88.

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17

Valentine Sanon, Valentine Sanon. "Haiti’s cholera epidemic: will it return in 2021?" Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access 12, no. 4 (2021): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2021.12.00470.

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Cholera is a scourge that has plagued humanity from early times; no era was exempt at different times in history, and the mere mention of cholera in past generations often caused panic among susceptible populations. Now with the recent 7.2 magnitude in Haiti, the question re- emerges: can Haiti’s cholera epidemic return considering the extensive earthquake damage that has recently occurred? Haiti is prone to earthquakes, due to its location along a fault line, and over the centuries has encountered numerous earthquakes, some including the 2010 and 2021 earthquakes of 7.0 or greater magnitude. Cholera has been around for centuries, and in the last century has caused at least 7 devastating global outbreaks each claiming thousands of innocent human lives. Cholera infects 1.3 to 4 million people around the world annually with over 20,000 deaths per year according to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics. Cholera is a microbial disease of multicausal origin and fecal-oral transmission, where various biological, environmental, social, political and cultural factors often intervene, thereby presenting complex solutions for what often becomes a public health issue in the broader community. Over 819,000 Haitians became ill with cholera during the years following the 2010 earthquake, with nearly 10,000 deaths reported as a result of one of Haiti’s main waterways accidently becoming contaminated with the highly infectious cholera organism. Considering the severe damages now being reported from the August – 2021 earthquake followed by a severe weather outlook, the potential for a re-emergence of the cholera epidemic may now become a serious public health threat to the island Nation, including the potential risks to other nearby Island nations in the Caribbean and beyond should infected carriers relocate to non-earthquake prone localities. Implementation of effective hygiene measures, including timely medical monitoring and strategic intervention where indicated will be essential to prevent a resurgence of cholera or other public health issues in the coming weeks and months aftermath of the destruction of the roads, structures and public health resources resulting from the recent earthquake in Haiti.

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18

Buller, Laura. "Surgery in Haiti." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 92, no. 10 (November 1, 2010): 338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363510x535539.

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On 12 January 2010 a devastating earthquake struck Haiti. It killed more than 200,000 people and left 1.5 million homeless, almost 500,000 injured and tens of thousands in need of psychosocial support. The situation in the capital, Port-au-Prince, and other nearby areas was dire, with hundreds of thousands of people in urgent need of medical assistance. The British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS) worked with Medical Emergency Relief International (Merlin) on the ground, in the wake of the earthquake, to provide reconstructive plastic surgery to Haitian people – predominantly treating crush injuries to limbs, head and face.

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19

Ferris, Dave. "Pharmacist’s assistance after Haiti earthquake." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 67, no. 14 (July 15, 2010): 1138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2146/ajhp100099.

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20

Bilham, Roger. "Lessons from the Haiti earthquake." Nature 463, no. 7283 (February 2010): 878–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/463878a.

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21

&NA;. "Haiti Earthquake: A Worldwide Emergency." Emergency Medicine News 32 (February 2010): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.eem.0000368095.71463.5b.

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22

Raviola, Giuseppe, Jennifer Severe, Tatiana Therosme, Cate Oswald, Gary Belkin, and Father Eddy Eustache. "The 2010 Haiti Earthquake Response." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 36, no. 3 (September 2013): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2013.05.006.

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23

Jourdan, Garry, Michelet Clerveau, Wisly Dieujuste, and Sabine Henry. "Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Seismic Risk and Adaptive Capacity to Earthquake: The Case of Anse-à-Veau (Haiti)." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, no. 8 (March 31, 2024): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n8p108.

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Earthquakes were responsible for more than half of all natural disaster deaths worldwide between 2000 and 2019. Populations in developing countries are the most affected. What can help stakeholders to increase people adaptive capacity to earthquake in a context of very limited financial resources? The perception of seismic risk by the stakeholders and the perception of their adaptive capacity seemed to be able to influence the stakeholder’s adaptive capacity to earthquakes as well as that of the population. Haiti, a country at risk of earthquakes and ranked among the poorest in the world, is a relevant place to explore the potential people adaptive capacity to earthquake. In 2020, qualitative methods through face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 stakeholders in the town of Anse-à-Veau. This paper, therefore, focuses on exploring their perceptions of risk and adaptive capacity, just one year before an earthquake in the region. The results show that stakeholders were mostly aware of earthquake risk. This was identified by their perception of seismic risk related to the zone and the perception of their adaptative capacity to deal with earthquakes. Respondents perceived that some drivers such as self-capacity, motivation, and selfresponsibility can increase their adaptive capacity. Some temporal and physical factors have been highlighted as constraints to stakeholders’ adaptive capacity to earthquake. As expected, training, awareness, and appropriate constructions were identified as effective ways to increase the adaptive capacity of stakeholders and that of the local populations to earthquakes. Currently, earthquake unpredictability was seen as a barrier of preparedness. However, some respondents perceived unpredictability as a factor of motivation for earthquake preparedness. Thus, this observation must be examined to find the way that unpredictability can facilitate stakeholders’ adaptive capacity to earthquake or not. Human resources are targeted as the main resource to cope with an earthquake. Also, training and awareness were recognized as means to increase the adaptive capacity of stakeholders and that of the local populations to deal with such an event, despite the limited financial resources.

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24

McEntire, David, Abdul-Akeem Sadiq, and Kailash Gupta. "Unidentified Bodies and Mass-Fatality Management in Haiti: A Case Study of the January 2010 Earthquake with a Cross-Cultural Comparison." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 30, no. 3 (November 2012): 301–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072701203000303.

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The following paper examines the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti as a case study to understand what happens to unidentified bodies in mass-fatality management. The paper explores the literature on mass-fatality management, discusses the context of Haiti and the impact of the earthquake in this country, mentions the methods undertaken for this study, and then outlines the key findings from this particular disaster. The paper compares preliminary conclusions in Haiti to other incidents in India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, and concludes with a discussion of implications for research and practice.

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25

DesRoches, Reginald, Mary Comerio, Marc Eberhard, Walter Mooney, and Glenn J. Rix. "Overview of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 1_suppl1 (October 2011): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3630129.

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The 12 January 2010 Mw 7.0 earthquake in the Republic of Haiti caused an estimated 300,000 deaths, displaced more than a million people, and damaged nearly half of all structures in the epicentral area. We provide an overview of the historical, seismological, geotechnical, structural, lifeline-related, and socioeconomic factors that contributed to the catastrophe. We also describe some of the many challenges that must be overcome to enable Haiti to recover from this event. Detailed analyses of these issues are presented in other papers in this volume.

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Kocel, Eray, Robert R. Stewart, Paul Mann, and Li Chang. "Near-surface geophysical investigation of the 2010 Haiti earthquake epicentral area: Léogâne, Haiti." Interpretation 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): T49—T61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2015-0038.1.

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The [Formula: see text] Léogâne fan delta in southwestern Haiti borders the epicentral region of the devastating magnitude 7.0 Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010. The flat plain of the Léogâne area experienced some of the worst shaking, destruction of buildings, and loss of life caused by the Haiti earthquake. This intense shaking was attributed by previous workers to either activation of a blind (no surface expression) thrust fault some 4 km beneath the Léogâne fan delta or to strike-slip motion along a shallow, ground-breaking fault that ruptured the uppermost part of the fan delta. Our research team from the University of Houston and the Haiti Bureau of Mines and Energy collected shallow seismic and gravity data in the fan delta where previous studies of earthquake aftershocks, coastal uplift of coral reefs, and radar interferometry all indicated a maximum amount of coseismic uplift. Our objective was to acquire geophysical information on the subsurface stratigraphy, structure, and material properties of the fan. S-wave seismic studies revealed an average velocity of [Formula: see text] for the first 30 m. These velocity values suggest that the near-surface sediments at Léogâne are a seismically hazardous class D sediment type (National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program). Interpretation of our various seismic data sets has indicated prolonged sedimentary environments of fluvial channeling and channel migration to a depth of approximately 350 m as expected in this fan delta setting. There was no clear evidence on our seismic reflection lines for substantial faulting in the seismically slow, shallow fan delta sediments. Integrated geophysical data analyses indicated south-dipping seismically slow layers on the southern end of the Léogâne fan with a less well defined northward dip with the broad, anticlinal axis aligned with the area of maximum coseismic uplift at the coast. The sudden, coseismic upheaval of the ground surface above the proposed blind thrust combined with extreme shaking of the seismically weak sediments contributed to the destructiveness of the earthquake on the Léogâne fan delta.

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Redmond, Anthony D., Simon Mardel, Bertrand Taithe, Thomas Calvot, Jim Gosney, Antony Duttine, and Susan Girois. "A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of the Surgical and Rehabilitation Response to the Earthquake in Haiti, January 2010." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, no. 6 (December 2011): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000088.

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AbstractBackground: The disaster response environment in Haiti following the 2010 earthquake represented a complex healthcare challenge. This study was designed to identify challenges during the Haiti disaster response.Methods: Qualitative and quantitative study of injured patients carried out six months after the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti to review the surgical inputs of foreign medical teams.Results: Study findings revealed a need during the response for improved medical records and data gathering for regulation, quality assurance, coordination and resource allocation; wider adherence to standard patient referral mechanisms and protocols linking surgical service provision with appropriate hospital and community based rehabilitation services; a greater recognition of the impact of non-amputation injury, and the need for patients to have a greater say in their management and to be the keepers of their medical records. Key first steps to improving the international response are a minimum dataset and uniform reporting.Conclusion: This study showed that challenges for emergency medical response during the Haiti Earthquake involved issues of accountability, professional ethics, standards-of-care, unmet needs, patient agency and expected outcomes for patients in such settings:

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Hussey, Sean M., Phillip J. Dukette, Scott H. Dunn, Toinette J. Evans, Natalie Y. Oakes, Todd D. Gleeson, and Timothy F. Donahue. "The 2010 Haiti Earthquake: A Pathology Perspective Aboard the USNS Comfort." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0182-sa.1.

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Abstract The US Navy hospital ship USNS Comfort played an integral role in the initial phases of Operation Unified Response–Haiti following the devastating earthquake that struck near Port-Au-Prince, Haiti, on January 12, 2010. Deployed to Haiti from its home in Baltimore, Maryland, just 4 days after the earthquake, the USNS Comfort would become the region's primary tertiary casualty receiving center for 6 weeks. The pathology and laboratory department staff onboard the ship helped support the mission and experienced unique mass casualty/disaster relief scenarios while underway. This article reviews the accounts of the core laboratory, microbiology, anatomic pathology, and blood bank divisions on the USNS Comfort from the chaotic first few weeks to the final patient discharge 40 days after Operation Unified Response–Haiti began.

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Khare, Rahul K. "Haiti-Moving on after the Earthquake." Academic Emergency Medicine 17, no. 7 (July 6, 2010): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00801.x.

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Lorich, Dean G., Devon M. Jeffcoat, Neil R. MacIntyre, Daniel B. Chan, and David Leonard Helfet. "The 2010 Haiti Earthquake: Lessons Learned?" Techniques in Hand & Upper Extremity Surgery 14, no. 2 (June 2010): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bth.0b013e3181dbea8b.

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Bornstein, Lisa, Gonzalo Lizarralde, Kevin A. Gould, and Colin Davidson. "Framing responses to post‐earthquake Haiti." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 4, no. 1 (February 22, 2013): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17595901311298991.

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Deckelbaum, D. L. "The Haiti earthquake: a personal perspective." Canadian Medical Association Journal 182, no. 5 (February 22, 2010): E241—E242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-3186.

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Rosen, D. "Haiti, four months after the earthquake." Canadian Medical Association Journal 182, no. 10 (June 7, 2010): E447—E448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-3272.

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Subedi, Sony, Susan Bartels, and Colleen Davison. "Emotional and Physical Child Abuse in The Context of Natural Disasters: A Focus on Haiti." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 5-6 (May 29, 2019): 927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.16.

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ABSTRACTObjective:To investigate the social and living conditions of households in Haiti before and after the 2010 earthquake and to determine the prevalence of emotional and physical abuse of children aged 2 to 14 in households after the earthquake.Methods:Nationally representative samples of Haitian households from the 2005/2006 and 2012 phases of the Demographic and Health Surveys were used. Descriptive data were summarized with frequencies and measures of central tendency. Chi-squared and independent t tests were used to compare pre-earthquake and post-earthquake data. Basic mapping was used to explore patterns of child abuse in relation to proximity to the epicenter.Results:Comparison of pre-earthquake and post-earthquake data showed noteworthy improvements in the education attainment of the household head and possession of mobile phones after the earthquake. The prevalence of emotional, physical, and severe physical abuse in 2012 was estimated to be 78.5%, 77.0%, and 15.4%, respectively. Mapping revealed no conclusive patterns between the proximity of each region to the epicenter and the prevalence of the different forms of abuse. However, the prevalence of severe physical abuse was notably higher in settlement camps (25.0%) than it was in Haiti overall (15.4%).Conclusions:The high prevalence of child abuse in Haiti highlights an urgent need for interventions aimed at reducing occurrences of household child abuse.

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Singh, Ramesh P. "Complementary nature of surface and atmospheric parameters associated with Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 6 (June 22, 2010): 1299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1299-2010.

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Abstract. The present paper describes surface (surface air temperature) and atmospheric parameters (relative humidity, surface latent heat flux) over the epicenter (18°27´25´´ N 72°31´59´´ W) of Haiti earthquake of 12 January 2010. Our analysis shows pronounced changes in surface and atmospheric parameters few days prior to the main earthquake event. Changes in relative humidity are found from the surface up to an altitude of 500 hPa clearly show atmospheric perturbations associated with the earthquake event. The purpose of this paper is to show complementary nature of the changes observed in surface, atmospheric and meteorological parameters. The total ozone concentration is found to be lowest on the day of earthquake and afterwards found to be increased within a week of earthquake. The present results show existence of coupling between lithosphere-atmosphere associated with the deadly Haiti earthquake.

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Paultre, Patrick, Éric Calais, Jean Proulx, Claude Prépetit, and Steeve Ambroise. "Damage to engineered structures during the 12 January 2010, Haiti (Léogâne) earthquake." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 40, no. 8 (August 2013): 777–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2012-0247.

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The purpose of this paper is to first provide relevant information about the historic seismicity of the island of Haiti, the tectonic setting and the identification of the unmapped Léogâne fault which is now believed to have been the main cause of the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake. The paper then focuses on the state of construction in Haiti, with particular emphasis given to engineered buildings. The lack of a building code and standards for the design of structures, as well as the fact that seismic forces were not considered in the design of most buildings explains the failure of so many engineered structures. Several examples are given and arranged according to building function. Since the earthquake has occurred, interim measures have been implemented to control construction of new buildings. Some recommendations are given to improve construction practice in Haiti for the reconstruction.

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Shultz, James M., Avi Besser, Fiona Kelly, Andrea Allen, Susan Schmitz, Vicky Hausmann, Louis Herns Marcelin, and Yuval Neria. "Psychological Consequences of Indirect Exposure to Disaster Due to the Haiti Earthquake." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 4 (July 19, 2012): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12001008.

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AbstractIntroductionFew studies have focused on the mental health consequences of indirect exposure to disasters caused by naturally occurring hazards. The present study assessed indirect exposure to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti among Haitian-Americans now living in Miami; these subjects had no direct exposure to the earthquake, but retained their cultural identity, language, and connection to family and friends in Haiti.MethodsTwo months following the earthquake a sample of Haitian-Americans was surveyed inquiring about: (1) their psychological reactions to the quake; (2) types of exposures experienced by their family members and friends in Haiti; and (3) symptom levels of (a) major depression, (b) generalized anxiety disorder, (c) complicated grief, (d) mental health status, and (e) physical health status.ResultsHaitian-Americans living in Miami experienced a broad spectrum of indirect exposures to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. These exposures were strongly associated with psychological distress, trauma-related mental health consequences, and diminished health status. Most notable was the multiplicity of indirect exposures to the on-scene experiences of multiple family members and friends in Haiti.ConclusionsConsideration should be given to the psychological impact and needs for support among indirectly-exposed populations with strong affiliation to directly-impacted victims.Shultz JM, Besser A, Kelly F, Allen A, Schmitz S, Hausmann V, Marcelin LH, Neria Y. Psychological consequences of indirect exposure to disaster due to the Haiti earthquake.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(4):1-10.

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Yim, Eugene S., Robert D. Macy, and Gregory Ciottone. "Medical and Psychosocial Needs of Olympic and Pan American Athletes after the 2010 Earthquake in Haiti: An Opportunity to Promote Resilience Through Sports Medicine and Public Diplomacy." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 2 (April 2014): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000302.

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AbstractIntroductionOn January 12, 2010, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake devastated Haiti. Data regarding the prevalence of medical and psychosocial needs after the earthquake is scarce, complicating informed targeting of aid. The effects of the earthquake on athletes, as they differ from the general population, are especially unclear. The Center for Disaster Resilience (Boston, Massachusetts USA) and the Disaster Medicine Section at Harvard Medical School (Boston, Massachusetts USA) have partnered with Child in Hand to care for athletes training for the Pan American and Olympic games in Haiti, as well as for children from the general population. This report presents preliminary epidemiologic data illustrating the burden of medical and psychosocial needs of Haitian athletes and the general population after the earthquake of 2010.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional, comparative study conducted a year after the earthquake. The study group comprised 104 athletes, aged 12-18 years, enrolled from the National Sports Center in Haiti. The control group (N = 104) from the general population was age- and gender-matched from orphanages and schools in and around Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Medical teams assessed illness based on history and physicals. Psychosocial teams utilized the Child Psychosocial Distress Screener (CPDS). Two-proportion z tests and two-sample t tests were used to compare the proportions of medical illnesses, mean CPDS scores, and proportion of CPDS scores indicating treatment.ResultsThe most prevalent medical condition in athletes was musculoskeletal pain, which was more common than in controls (49% versus 2.9%). All other medical conditions were more common in the controls than athletes: abdominal pain (28.8% versus 4.8%); headache (22.1% versus 5.8%); fever (15.4% versus 1%); and malnutrition (18.3% versus 1.9%). In contrast, there was no significant difference in mean psychosocial scores and the proportion of scores indicating treatment between athletes and controls.ConclusionElite athletes in Haiti have a low prevalence of most medical conditions after the disaster, suggesting that they may be protected from risk factors affecting the general population. However, athletes have a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal ailments and were not protected from psychosocial distress. This presents an opportunity for sports medicine physicians and mental health providers to engage in efforts to rebuild Haiti on an individual level by providing targeted care to athletes, and on a larger scale, by supporting international sports competition, which enhances human capital and facilitates public diplomacy.YimES, MacyRD, CiottoneG. Medical and psychosocial needs of Olympic and Pan American athletes after the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: an opportunity to promote resilience through sports medicine and public diplomacy. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-5.

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Safran, Marc A., Terence Chorba, Merritt Schreiber, W. Roodly Archer, and Susan T. Cookson. "Evaluating Mental Health After the 2010 Haitian Earthquake." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 5, no. 2 (June 2011): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.31.

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ABSTRACTMental health is an important aspect of public health after a disaster. This article describes what is known and what remains to be learned regarding the mental health impact of the January 12, 2010, earthquake in Haiti. Public health surveillance efforts in Haiti and the United States in the first 2 months after the earthquake are described. Challenges in clinical assessment and public health surveillance are explored. Potential implications for survivors and public health officials are considered.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:154–157)

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Van Hoving, Daniël J., Lee A. Wallis, Fathima Docrat, and Shaheem De Vries. "Haiti Disaster Tourism—A Medical Shame." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 3 (June 2010): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008001.

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AbstractThe devastating Haiti earthquake rightly resulted in an outpouring of international aid. Relief teams can be of tremendous value during disasters due to natural hazards. Although nobly motivated to help, all emergency interventions have unintended consequences. In the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, many selfless individuals committed to help, but was this really all in the name of reaching out a helping hand? This case report illustrates that medical disaster tourism is alive and well.

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von Hillebrandt-Andrade, Christa, and Elizabeth Vanacore. "Citizen science for studying earthquakes." Science 376, no. 6590 (April 15, 2022): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abo5378.

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Pierre-Louis, Francois. "Earthquakes, Nongovernmental Organizations, and Governance in Haiti." Journal of Black Studies 42, no. 2 (March 2011): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934710395389.

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On January 12, 2010, the Haitian people suffered the most dramatic and unimaginable catastrophe in the Caribbean in recent times. More than 222,570 citizens perished as a result of a 7.0 earthquake, and over 1.3 million are currently homeless. The city of San Francisco, in California, United States, had a similar earthquake in the 1990s, and fewer than 100 people were killed. Chile a few months ago had an earthquake that was far stronger than Haiti’s, but fewer than 1,000 people were killed. So why did a 7.0 earthquake on the Richter scale cause so much destruction in Haiti? In this article, the author argues that the historical boycott of Haiti’s government in the 19th and 20th centuries by the international community, the constant internal struggle among the members of the elite for the control of state power, and the weakening of state structures through the creation of nongovernmental organizations have weakened the government’s capacity to deal with major catastrophe and meet the needs of its citizens.

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Styles, Peter. "The Haiti Earthquake: a salutary lesson in (non) earthquake engineering." Geology Today 26, no. 2 (April 2010): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.2010.00746.x.

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Finan, William W. "Haiti and the Crisis Caravan." Current History 112, no. 751 (February 1, 2013): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2013.112.751.77.

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Daniell, J. E., B. Khazai, and F. Wenzel. "Uncovering the 2010 Haiti earthquake death toll." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 3 (May 15, 2013): 1913–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-1913-2013.

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Abstract. Casualties are estimated for the 12 January 2010 earthquake in Haiti using various reports calibrated by observed building damage states from satellite imagery and reconnaissance reports on the ground. By investigating various damage reports, casualty estimates and burial figures, for a one year period from 12 January 2010 until 12 January 2011, there is also strong evidence that the official government figures of 316 000 total dead and missing, reported to have been caused by the earthquake, are significantly overestimated. The authors have examined damage and casualties report to arrive at their estimation that the median death toll is less than half of this value (&pm;137 000$). The authors show through a study of historical earthquake death tolls, that overestimates of earthquake death tolls occur in many cases, and is not unique to Haiti. As death toll is one of the key elements for determining the amount of aid and reconstruction funds that will be mobilized, scientific means to estimate death tolls should be applied. Studies of international aid in recent natural disasters reveal that large distributions of aid which do not match the respective needs may cause oversupply of help, aggravate corruption and social disruption rather than reduce them, and lead to distrust within the donor community.

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STEWART, LAUREN ELDRIDGE. "Singing on Solid Ground: Music Education in Post-Earthquake Haiti." Twentieth-Century Music 19, no. 2 (June 2022): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147857222200007x.

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AbstractThe sonic aftershocks of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti continue to reverberate throughout the cultural landscape, particularly within the relatively small but long-standing mizik klasik community. In this article, I analyse the sometimes divergent performances of a composition that commemorates that tragedy. Haitian-American composer Sydney Guillaume wrote ‘N'ap Debat’ (‘We're Hangin’ On’) from Los Angeles shortly after the earthquake. One performance of this work takes place far from the site of ruin, voiced by distant observers. The other performance happens in Haiti, sung by its survivors. Both performances transform rubble into ruin.

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Shemak, April. "The cartographic dimensions of humanitarianism: Mapping refugee spaces in post-earthquake Haiti." Cultural Dynamics 26, no. 3 (April 15, 2014): 251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0921374014527920.

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This article examines the post-earthquake politics of space via the literal and cultural mapping of internally displaced persons in Haiti to consider the cartographic dimensions of humanitarian biopower. I begin by analyzing OpenStreetMap Haiti, an online collaborative cartographic project, which mapped Haiti’s roads and refugee camps after the earthquake by using high-resolution satellite imagery, global positioning system technologies, and aerial photographs—much of which is derived from US military data—in order to facilitate “humanitarian” efforts on the ground. I contend that the visual text produced by OpenStreetMap Haiti, which functions as a map to locate and situate refugees, represents a particular form of humanitarian biopower. In the second half of this article, I analyze a 2012 work of comics journalism titled Tents beyond Tents, which offers a critique of humanitarian “aid” from the perspective of Haitians who occupy the internally displaced persons camps created after the earthquake. I consider how the comic functions as a cartographic project, or cartoon mapping, through depictions of the spaces of the refugee camps in and around Port-au-Prince.

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Rahn Kennedy Bailey, Theresa Bailey, and Hilary Akpudo. "On the Ground in Haiti: A Psychiatrist's Evaluation of Post Earthquake Haiti." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 21, no. 2 (2010): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.0.0295.

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Kaufmann, K. R., E. Oh, and J. Lin. "(P2-92) Hueh Emergency Medicine Triage: Lessons in Crowd Control." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11005371.

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BackgroundOn 12 January 2010 Port-au-Prince, Haiti was struck by a 7.0 Mw earthquake that devastated the city and destroyed much of the Haiti University and Educational Hospital. In the following weeks, a tent hospital was erected at the site and hundreds of patients were seen daily by expatriate healthcare volunteers. The high volumes of patients, disorganized hospital grounds, and high levels of stress among patients led to issues of crowd control.DiscussionTo improve security a new triage system was designed and implemented based on current emergency medicine models. This design addressed patient flow, triage, environmental conditions, and differentiation of emergency services. The results of this system were a streamlined triage system as well as improved safety.ConclusionsDuring the chaos following the Haiti earthquake, a triage design was implemented at the HUEH that lead to improved Emergency Department patient flow and hospital safety.

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Shah, S. D., and C. A. Aligne. "Pediatrics in the Community: The Haiti Earthquake." Pediatrics in Review 32, no. 1 (December 31, 2010): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.32-1-34.

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