Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Haïti (Île)'
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Exantus, Rachel. "Aspects culturels et socio-économiques de l'entrepreneuriat en Haïti." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020027.
Full textMathurin, Jean Palème. "Les capacités dynamiques internes des entreprises industrielles dans les systèmes nationaux d'innovation délités : à partir d'entreprises du secteur formel d'Haïti." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA111012.
Full textFrançois, Pierre Enocque. "Système éducatif et abandon social en Haïti. Cas des Enfants et des jeunes de la rue." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100066/document.
Full textDuring the colonial period, education was reserved for a category of children. After the independence, the operation of the system did not allow to take into account all the children and youths to be scholarized. 500.000 children don' t have access to education. From them, more than 10.000 are in the street.Victims of the social marginalization they know a marginalized socialization.The National Plan of Education and Formation spread out over 10 years (1997-2007) which the objective to increase the education system by expansion of schooling offering is not successful. During the class work hours, children and young people of the street who will not have any relationship with educational establishments trail through the streets. So, the vulnerable population reproduces because the poor family could not ensure a mobility intergeneration. The risk for their children to know extreme poverty is very large. Haitian school is thus a driving belt of the reproduction of poverty. Our intellectual curiosity leads us to bring the education system and the phenomenon of the children and the young people of the steet in Haiti. The thread of our work is the phenomenon of the children and the youths of the strret is a resultant of the mechanisms of operation of the education system which facilitates in parallel, by the non equal treatment and the social abandonment, the development of a marginalized school for the poorest families. The empirical data we have made it possible to validate our hypothesis. Although they express their will to go to school, the street is for them, the only place of formation and socialization.Child or youth of the street is then abandoned social
Bras, Anie. "Éléments pour une définition de la problématique de la propreté urbaine en Haïti : le cas de Port-au-PrinceElements for a definition of urban waste management problem in Haiti : Port-au-Prince , case study." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0005/these.pdf.
Full textLenz, Jn-François. "Comment devenir "je"dans un monde qui vous met hors-jeu ? : Le défi de la construction d'un individu - sujet chez les jeunes du Bel-Air (Port au Prince, Haïti) de 1986 à 2006." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070108.
Full textFrom 1986 to 2006, Haïti literally imploded in a long and terrible crisis. The country bas witnessed a real human drama that reveals the pain and the difficulty of survival in a community of about ten million people. This situation of social disintegration is rooted in a structural and historical context, fundamentally characterized by the denial of social recognition for the vast majority of citizens. In this study we set out to understand how human individuals were able to live (or survive), evolve and try to structure themselves as subjects in an extreme situation of poverty, violence, chaos and authoritarianism. Using a clinical approach, we studied the social environment of youth in the slums (particularly the neighborhood of Bel-Air), their lived experiences, and the strategies they used to build identities as subjects. Individuals, particularly the poor, build their identity in a continual struggle for self and ultimately against the other. This struggle is heightened by the desire for recognition that is historically rooted in Haitians and which finally results in a form of negative individualism, the individualism of survival. Through our analysis of three determining areas of socialization in the slums - family, neighborhood and school - we measured how the experience of abandonment affects every stage of a youth's life. It represent the fundamental element structuring the identity of these young people in a society of getting by" as the cardinal principle of survival is reduced to "every man for himself". The individualism of survival becomes the mainspring of the work of subjectivation. It is sometimes presented as a particular form of presence, of relation to the other in order to ensure a social existence that is recognized. It is sometimes the expression of social constraints that drive the individual to isolation or loneliness and desolation
Desenfant, Philippe. "Rôle et bioécologie de Anophèles albimanus (Wiedemann, 1820), vecteur du paludisme en Haïti." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112255.
Full textThe island of Hispaniola is the only caribbean island where the spread of paludism has not been interrupted. The reasons for this persistence are multiple but primarily due to the lack of understanding of the role of the vectors in its transmission. A. Albimanus, the major vector of paludism in Central America, has been principally the object of laboratory research. Studies of the land have been undertaken over several geographical features in order to better define the biological limits of this anopheles which represents 93 % of the anopheline population in Haïti. Consequently, we undertook field prospections and examinations of larva deposits and then studied the seasonal variations of differing biological patterns. During these examinations, A. Albimanus was found several times to be the carrier of sporozoides, which confirmed its role as the vector in Haïti. We also observed the presence of a new species of anopheles for the haïtian fauna, A. Pseudopunctipennis, which is placed as the third rank of the species present at the studied site where it was found. Finally we estimate the gonotrophic cycle of the observed females of A. Albimanus to be 5, 16 days. An epidemiological study of the transmission was doneby integrating the entomological and parasitological data, based on the different results gathered on one of the studied site for a whole year. The creation of mathematical model of the human population paludism prevalence evolution, allowed then the study of parameters values difficult to observed on the field. This study which quantifies the transmission of paludism, allows also to definethe thresholds of an aquilibrium for this transmission and therefore, to cristallize the objectives in the control to reach a regression in the transmission without generating strong selective pressures on the anopheles population which have already induced development of resistance against certain insecticides massively utilized
Bonnet, Natacha. "Seigneurs et planteurs, entre Ouest Atlantique et Antilles : quatre familles du XVIIIe siècle." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3034.
Full textAmongst all the french colonies of the Ancien Régime, the french part of the island of Saint-Domingue is the one which is really considered as the country to make easy money in a short time. The migrants of the West Atlantique have been numerous there : volunteers workers, merchants and plantation owners. We make study of the last ones, in considering the statute of colonies inhabitants only, in order to understand who invests in islands and how is managed this appropriation of the colonial land. The social typology of plantation owners, except merchant network, necessarlly refers to an elite, middle-class or ennobled, landed private means. The landed study has been considered in looking jointly the management, then the profits of possessions in both sides of Atlantique, as sugar canes’ benefits than the income of exploitations in West Atlantique. This arises also the question of economic et social interactions of the colonial management model, particularly speculative and integrated in international trade, of the french domain one. This comparative study demands to consider precisely families cases, in following the possessions’ evolution on several generations. Four examples of families of ligérien area were confronted
Redon, Marie. "Ile et frontière : étude comparée de trois îles divisées : Haïti - République Dominicaine; Timor Leste - Indonésie; Saint-Martin - Sint-Maarten." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010648.
Full textEtienne, Jean Fritzner. "L' église dans la société coloniale de Saint-Domingue à l'époque française (1630-1804)." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070041.
Full textAt the beginning of 16th century, french colonization started in America. It was based on a colonial doctrine according to which the service of God - in terms of apostolic action and consolidation of the faith of the church members- and the greatness of the kingdom of France constituted the two main objectives of the colonial enterprises. Custodian of the dogmas of faith, the Catholic Church occupied a fundamental place in this doctrine. It had to fulfil, from the point of view of the perpetuation of the colonial system, a function of ideological police. This difficult task was rooted in the will of the royal power of colonial societies based on the principles of the catholic religion ; principles which constituted, in his view, the surest guarantee of french domination in America. Despite the efforts made by the power to facilitate the task with the Church, the colonial doctrine was a total failure. The history of Saint-Domingue, the richest of the American colonies of France in the 18th century and main objective of this work, testifies this failure. This colony was, at the end of the 18th century, the scene of the greatest servile revolution of modern times. Contrary to the willingness of the power, religion was not able to prevent this catastrophe which initiated the end of the french domination on the island
Brevet, Matthieu. "Les expéditions coloniales vers Saint-Domingue et les Antilles (1802-1810)." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/brevet_m.
Full textRevolutionnary, consulate or imperial armies in Europe have already been studied a lot, many books being dedicated to them. But the Guadeloupe, Martinique and Santo Domingo’s expeditionnary corps, sailing from France in 1802 to pave the way to the re-establishing of slavery, have been of no such interest to most historians yet. The present study is taking particular interest in the superior officiers corps, from battalion commanders to captain-generals (military governor), but also in the mere troops, battalion per battalion, which served in the Antilles and Santo Domingo from February 4th, 1802 (landing of Leclerc’s troops at Santo Domingo) and February 6th, 1810 (capitulation of Guadeloupe) : it intends to highlight the motivations which may have determined this men to willingly enlist for such an adventure, or have press-ganged them into participating to it ; their state of mind ; their experience ; their qualm, if they had any, about the disloyal mission they were undertaking to men which had been fighting under the same flag as them ; their personnal insight about the local situation ; and finaly, their destiny, in the colonies but also to the twilight of the Empire … The goal of his studies being to determine if this colonial expeditions have been, as legend has it, a political tool intended to allow Napoleon to get rid of his opponents, and if yes, in which measurement
Boisseau, Michel. "Le flanc nord-est de la cordillere centrale dominicaine (hispaniola, grandes antilles) : un edifice de nappes cretace polyphase." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066274.
Full textGustinvil, Jean Waddimir. "Logiques coloniales de domination et d'émancipation : imaginaire colonial et égalité : la société postcoloniale haïtienne du long dix-neuvième siècle haïtien." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070107.
Full textThe captives of Saint-Domingue invested the public colonial space by appropriating the idiom of the Declaration of The Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 in order to subvert the colonialist slave system. This brought about a transformation of the colonial space, making it a public sphere. Thus, the servile revolution decentered the French revolution as to its europeanism by including in the concept of « Man » the slaves of the colonies. This inclusion leads to a revolution of the revolution which we will understand as a conflict between two idioms of the two revolutions. The first idiom functions on the basis of an excluded third while the second integrates this third into the syllogism of the rights. However, in spite of the radicality of the servile revolution, the country born from this revolution adopted practices that reminds one of the colonial slave system. This situation has led certain authours to deny the radicality of the negro revolution. This post-revolutionary Haitian situation reveals the figure of the post-slavery subject or the postcolonial subject. The radicality of a revolution does not guarantee any immunity against situations of reversal and does not prejugde their impossibility: this rests a mystery, that we will call the mystery of the return. If a “reversal” did take place, nevertheless this cannot deny the foregoing radicality. In the case of Saint-Domingue, the reversal takes the form of a return of the colonial slave system right after the negro revolution, when the former slave becomes an accomplice of the master in the reproduction of the colonial relation. This thesis consists of three parts: the first part is dedicated to the mystery of the revolution; the second to the dispute opposing the two revolutionary idioms; and the third to the colonial mystery
Ulysse, Sterlin. "Problématique de l'autre : écriture et peinture haïtiennes en question." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20073.
Full textThe first writings on art in Haiti were based on the questioning of otherness - the aim was to know how literature could help define a Haitian identity. This dissertation uses literature and painting to explore this issue of otherness – an otherness inside, in which otherness lies between the members of a same society. The popular artistic and cultural productions are analyzed through the perspective of Naïve Art which gives birth to this reflection on the interaction between literature and painting. The representations of the rural world by the indigenous movement are first explored in literary and pictorial works, in order to see if practice could match the theoretical objectives established by the thinkers of the movement. The dialogue between literature and painting is then explored through several perspectives – cultural, social, esthetic ones, while studying the following novels, La contrainte de l’inachevé by Anthony Phelps, L’Énigme du retour by Dany Laferrière and Yanvalou pour Charly by Lyonel Trouillot. In painting, our analyses notably refer to the works of André Normil, Wilson Bigaud, Wilbert Laurent or Pétion Savain among others
Cadet, Raulin Lincifort. "L'Impact de la politique monétaire sur la défaillance bancaire dans les pays en développement: le cas d'Haïti." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743438.
Full textChartier, Angeline. "Transferts et appropriations de modèles de développement dans les pays du Sud : pour une analyse du (dys)fonctionnelment de l'aide : l'exemple de la décentralisation en Haïti et à Madagascar." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30001/document.
Full textOriginally a western political model, decentralization became a development model and a tool in the fight against poverty between 1990 and 2000. The model has since been massively financed and transferred to developing countries, as it was expected to be a lever of good governance and social peace. However, despite 25 years of efforts to establish the model in Haiti and Madagascar, decentralization is still not efficient. More generally, the two countries are characterized by chronic instability, a false pretence of democracy, an aggravation of poverty and maintained or increased inequalities. How can we explain this paradox? Decentralization continues to be transferred and received despite consistently missing the mark because it serves unofficial interests of actors from the South…and the North. Moreover, we consider that the model’s transfer itself is at the source of its malfunctioning. As it facilitates access to power for new stakeholders, it multiplies the sources of conflicts and foments local power games. We offer a profile of Southern stakeholders, visible and invisible, who appropriate the model and aim to decode theirs strategies of power capture. Who are they? How can they maintain the system and simultaneously sabotage it? How do they turn the model into their own tool? What are their goals? What are their strategies in terms of alliances and conflicts? More broadly, we would like to show how these power games relate to Northern realities and lead to the persistent transfer of a dysfunctional model, the preservation of a small hegemony, and the (re)creation of tensions which can lead to crises. This system is ongoing: the crises justify external aid intervention and the input of a new model. In this vicious circle something does functions, but at the expense of the target population. This paradox offers an opportunity to question the aid approach based on the transfer of a standardized model
Jabouin, Evens. "Entre péripéties, luttes et participations : l'émigration des Haïtiens en Floride et en région parisienne au cours du vingtième siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0044.
Full textWhen one mentions the question of the emigration of the Haitians throughout the world, one of the recurrent themes relating to it is that it is almost systematically associated with the years 1960, and more particularly with the advent of Papa Doc to the power in Haiti. As for the favored destinations of the Haitians, there is another recurrent theme which consists of presenting Miami as the bastion of the poor boat people, whereas Paris is regarded as the destination of a more elite Haitian migration or of the persecuted political actors. This study intends to show that what seemed true in Paris during the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century has not been the case for already a few decades. Going back to the first wave of emigration towards Cuba in the years 1910, it shows that the emigration of the Haitians precedes Duvalier, and examines the issue relating to the hosting and the settlement of recent waves of Haitian immigrants in France, in the United States and elsewhere. Regarded as undesirable, they were received rather unfavorably in their respective countries of reception. Nevertheless, recently, the Haitians abroad are shifting from their status of the undesirable poor to that of an influential and respectable group. In Florida today, the Haitians have come to be an important municipal players, elected to the head city institutions which has long been inaccessible to them. In the Paris region, the Haitians have not had equivalent electoral and political success, because they are less visible socially. But they have been, in recent years, part for a very encouraging sociocultural dynamic
Yale, Néba Fabrice. "Les habitations Galliffet de Saint Domingue, un exemple de réussite coloniale au XVIIIe siècle (fin XVIIe siècle-1831)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH008.
Full textL'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais
Oliveira, de Sa Alana. "Relations entre systèmes tectoniques et sédimentaires à la limite Nord de la plaque Caraïbe (Cuba-Hispaniola) : implications géodynamiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS625.
Full textThe northern boundary of the Caribbean Plate, including Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Dominican Republic, constitutes a plate boundary where the relative motion between the Caribbean and North American plates is accommodated by a complex system of faults and tectonic blocks. Two seismogenic strike-slip faults associated with this system are found in Haiti: the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGFZ) to the south of Haiti, and the Oriente-Septentrional fault zone (SOFZ) offshore to the north of Haiti. Following the devastating magnitude 7.0 earthquakes that occurred on January 12, 2010, in southern Haiti near Leogâne, close to the capital Port-au-Prince, and the earthquake that occurred in the Northern fault region in Port-de-Paix (magnitude 5.9, on October 7, 2018), the geology and geodynamic context of Haiti have been the subject of numerous studies. The main objectives of this thesis are as follows: 1. Identify terrestrial and marine deformation phases, assess their regional impact, analyze their structural style, and understand their evolution. 2. Trace the history of deformation at the northern boundary of the Caribbean Plate in relation to the marine domain. 3. Characterize the interaction between sedimentary dynamics and deformation by examining tectonics in both regions to better understand the partitioning of deformation and its relationships with sedimentary systems in the context of large-scale oblique collision of strike-slip faults. To achieve these objectives, this thesis combines geological data and field observations in Haiti collected during two field campaigns. Terrestrial stratigraphic and structural data will be supplemented by the study of bathymetric maps obtained during recent marine campaigns (Haitis-sis 1 & 2, Norcaribe), as well as the analysis of reflection seismic profiles and sediment sonar data. This has allowed for the reconstruction of the deformation history of the northern boundary of the Caribbean Plate and the integration of all the results into a global geodynamic model
Berthon, Olivia. "Pratiques de l'installation dans les îles francophones de la Caraïbe." Thesis, Antilles, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANTI0604.
Full textMy research focuses on the visual artists' work who practice installation art in the French-speaking Caribbean islands. These islands, composed of the French West Indies (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint-Martin as well as their administrative dependencies) and the Republic of Haiti, are lands where encounter, miscegenation and Creolity strengthen the permanent relationship that people have with their different genesis, with multiple ramifications and cross-border origins.In this context, installation art, which is located at an infinity of aesthetic explorations’ confluence, through which rules and forms were definitively questioned during the twentieth century, presents itself in the mode of a multidisciplinary approach that, today, is authoritative in many disciplines. Fruit of encounters, impregnations, it is at the thresholds, at the edge of an infinity of geographical, social, political, cultural borders, where the margin that separates the spectator from the work of art dissolves, becomes darkened, fades and faints. This significant boundaries' dissolution between the arts manifests itself in many fields: installation art is a phenomenon revealing this dissolution which, in the French-speaking Caribbean islands, takes on a specific content.In the archipelago, the border question is omnipresent. It mixes historical, sociological, anthropological, philosophical, cultural, artistic and aesthetic issues. Indeed, a boundary is a composite zone where a set of perennial, life-saving or violent relationships is built between several individuals, several peoples, several states, between different cultures and customs, but also between several landscapes, several textures, several movements and exhalations. These data are variables that are heard in the Caribbean artists' work, that measured and confronts several historical, identity, cultural or institutional spaces. Moreover, the sense of these artists for hybridization, mixing and all forms of impregnation constitutes a powerful and constant breadcrumb, which allows to assert their advertence for a culture of globality, inscribed in parcel spaces
Brice, Guerline. "La perception de la qualité expérientielle de l'offre touristique d'Haïti sur le marché québécois." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5137/1/M12643.pdf.
Full textGoulet-Lessard, François. "Structure des gîtes aurifères épithermaux en contexte de chevauchement, dans la cordillère centrale d'Hispaniola." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5098/1/M12517.pdf.
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