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Journal articles on the topic 'Haitian literature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Perry, Charmane M. "Negotiating Space: Stigma and the Strategic Management of Ethnic Identity among Second-generation Haitians in The Bahamas." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 24, no. 1 (2024): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.24.1.2024.11.21.

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This article explores the ways second-generation Haitians in The Bahamas strategically manage their Haitian identity. In The Bahamas, there is a stigma of being Haitian and anti-Haitian sentiment is heavily ingrained in Bahamian society. While there are individuals who hide their Haitian identity, there are others who actively engage in processes of choosing whether to conceal or disclose their Haitian ethnicity. Using coming out literature as a framework and interviews with second-generation Haitians, I argue that second-generation Haitians who do not readily reveal their Haitian identity may not necessarily be hiding their identity, but instead actively engaging in processes of negotiating and strategically managing their identity in the context of place by choosing whether to conceal or disclose their Haitian heritage. Living in a society that is hostile to people of Haitian descent, it can be important to negotiate the spaces wherein one discloses their heritage in order to protect one's spiritual, mental, emotional, and physical well-being. The objective is not to refute that there are individuals who deny they are Haitian but instead to explore the ways second-generation Haitians negotiate anti-Haitian spaces and strategically manage their identity as it relates to disclosing or concealing their Haitian heritage.

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2

Ribeiro, Ana Cláudia Romano, and Laíza Dos Santos Albaram. "Lendo os parágrafos iniciais do conto Dayiva, da escritora haitiana Évelyne Trouillot / Reading the First Paragraphs of the Short Story Dayiva, by Haitian Writer Évelyne Trouillot." Caligrama: Revista de Estudos Românicos 25, no. 3 (2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2238-3824.25.3.163-181.

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Resumo: Este trabalho refaz o percurso de parte de uma pesquisa de iniciação científica centrada no estudo do conto Dayiva, de Évelyne Trouillot (escritora haitiana de expressão francesa), publicado no livro Parlez-moi d’amour (2002). Na primeira parte, apresentamos o contexto histórico, político e cultural haitiano a partir de Laguerre (1989) e Figueiredo (2006); Trouillot (1990) guiou nossa compreensão do contexto histórico específico em que o conto está inserido – a ditatura de Papa Doc – e de particularidades lexicais, como os termos noir e mulâtre; aproximamo-nos do problema religioso graças a Desmangles (1992) e os trabalhos de Dash (1981), Césaire (1978) e Corcoran (2007) permitiram-nos melhor situar as questões literárias do ambiente haitiano; por fim, com Ferreira (2006), investigamos o conceito de négritude. Todo este aparato crítico-teórico nos ajudou a ler melhor o conto, propiciando uma aproximação da multiplicidade de suas referências. Na segunda parte deste artigo, apresentamos a autora e lemos os primeiros parágrafos do conto, mostrando, em uma análise narratológica e temática, como alguns aspectos culturais, históricos e geográficos do Haiti ganham forma literária, com particular atenção aos aspectos linguísticos, políticos, religiosos e naturais, mais especificamente, ao crioulo haitiano, ao regime ditatorial, ao vodu e à presença do mar.Palavras-chave: Évelyne Trouillot; Dayiva; literatura de expressão francesa; literatura haitiana.Abstract: This paper retraces part of a scientific initiation research centered on the study of the short story Dayiva, by Évelyne Trouillot (a French-speaking Haitian writer), published in the book Parlez-moi d’amour (2002). In the first part, we present the Haitian historical, political and cultural context from Laguerre (1989) and Figueiredo (2006); Trouillot (1990) guided our understanding of the specific historical context in which the story is inserted – the dictatorship of Papa Doc – and of lexical particularities such as the terms noir and mulâtre; we approached the religious problem thanks to Desmangles (1992) and the works of Dash (1981), Césaire (1978) and Corcoran (2007) allowed us to better situate the literary questions of the Haitian environment; finally, with Ferreira (2006) we investigated the concept of négritude. All this critical-theoretical apparatus helped us to better read the tale, providing an approach to the multiplicity of its references. In the second part of this article, we present the author and read the first paragraphs of the story, showing, in a narratological and thematic analysis, how some cultural, historical and geographic aspects of Haiti take literary form, with particular attention to the linguistic, political, religious and natural aspects, more specifically, the Haitian Creole, the dictatorial regime, voodoo and the presence of the sea.Keywords: Évelyne Trouillot; Dayiva; Francophone literature; Haitian literature.

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3

Keane-Dawes, Antony Wayne. "Remaking the Catholic Church in Santo Domingo." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 94, no. 3-4 (2020): 245–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-bja10011.

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Abstract In 1824, the Haitian government passed a series of laws that secularized the Catholic Church’s lands in Santo Domingo and placed this religious institution under state control. Using correspondences, pamphlets, and petitions, this article argues that Haitian reforms of the Church in Santo Domingo created a new power dynamic that incorporated local communities with these secular and religious institutions. In doing so, this literature brings together two literatures that rarely speak to one another: the impact of the Haitian Unification on the Church in Santo Domingo and Haitian diplomatic negotiations over sovereignty in the Atlantic world. This article will discuss how different relationships between Church and state in Santo Domingo and Haiti resulted in conflict after Haiti’s annexation in 1822. Next, it will focus on the clerics’ responses to Haitian rule that includes the consequences of the 1824 secularization law. Finally, it will examine the impact of Haitian reforms on local communities particularly their relationships with their priests.

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4

Wylie, Hal, and Leon-François Hoffmann. "Essays in Haitian Literature." World Literature Today 59, no. 3 (1985): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40141065.

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5

Benson, LeGrace, and Lois Wilcken. "Marasa: A Special Issue and a Working Group for the Environment." Journal of Haitian Studies 29, no. 1 (2023): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2023.a922865.

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Abstract: This special issue on Haiti’s environment and a recently created working group within the Haitian Studies Association (HSA) share a birth year: 2020. The pair had their conception during HSA’s 2016 conference in Cap-Haïtien, “Haiti’s Eco-systems: Focus on Environmental Realities and Hopes.” The meeting in Cap-Haïtien demonstrated a significant interest in the environment of Haiti and its challenges. Members responded to the call with papers, panels, and a plenary session, all of which examined Haiti’s ecosystems through the lenses of education, economics, visual and performing arts, spirituality, natural science, communications, literature, archaeology, agriculture, and health—to name a few. Following up from the interest generated, members responded again in 2020 to a call for working-group proposals. The lanbi (conch shell) sounded, and HSA’s Working Group on Haiti’s Ecosystems (WGE, also Konbit) answered. As the special-issue and working-group projects took shape together, we might think of them as Marasa, named after the sacred twins of Haitian Vodou who dramatize the ultimate unity in dualisms that might help us think through our human-nature divisions. The Marasa also represent new beginnings.

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6

Merriam, Michael W. "Haitian Literature as a Model for World Literature." World Literature Today 89, no. 2 (2015): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2015.0063.

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7

Michael W. Merriam. "Haitian Literature as a Model for World Literature." World Literature Today 89, no. 2 (2015): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.89.2.0026.

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8

Roldán-Sevillano, Laura. "Haiti’s “Painful Truths”: A Postcolonialised Reading of Trauma in Roxane Gay’s An Untamed State." ES Review. Spanish Journal of English Studies, no. 43 (November 23, 2022): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/ersjes.43.2022.265-287.

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Drawing on a postcolonialised approach to the traditional trauma paradigm, this paper analyses Roxane Gay’s novel An Untamed State as a trauma narrative which does not solely revolve around the Haitian American protagonist’s Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ensuing her abduction and violation in Port-au-Prince, as suggested by previous critical work. Particularly, it aims to demonstrate that Gay’s heroine is a resilient survivor of both a rape-related trauma and the traumatic blow to her partly Haitian identity caused by her direct contact with Haiti’s social and gender issues. Lastly, the essay examines how the novel delves into the unresolved cultural traumas derived from the effects of (post)colonialism in Haiti, which push the protagonist’s victimisers to commit such terrible acts.

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9

Del Rossi, Sara. "Entre Haïti et le Québec. La conceptualisation de l’oraliture et de l’homme américain dans la position exotopique de Maximilien Laroche." Dossier spécial Léon-Gontran Damas, no. 116 (August 13, 2020): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071055ar.

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From the 1960s, literary criticism in Quebec has had a new impetus, in particular in the comparative field. Maximilien Laroche (1937-2017), a Haitian critic and professor who has lived in Quebec since the 1960s, has contributed to this wave by establishing some points of convergence between Quebec and Haitian literature. This essay aims to analyze Laroche’s main concepts, “the American man” (l’homme Américain) and the “oraliture” (the Haitian oral heritage), underlining how his “exotopic position” (Bakhtin) has influenced his theories. The analysis of Laroche’s main works will reveal how his transitional position between Haiti and Quebec has promoted news prospects for the interamerican comparative studies. Laroche has contributed to the broadening of the continental approach, linking literatures and cultures from all over the world, but he has also underlined the importance of indigenous and traditional cultures. However his global approach has never been disconnected from his native culture and his choice to revaluate the Haitian oraliture.

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10

Litvin, Margaret. "Haitian Scene." Anthropology Humanism 29, no. 2 (2004): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ahu.2004.29.2.192.

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11

Roysircar, Gargi, Kurt F. Geisinger, and Ashland Thompson. "Haitian Children’s Disaster Trauma: Validation of Pictorial Assessment of Resilience and Vulnerability." Journal of Black Psychology 45, no. 4 (2019): 269–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798419838126.

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The House-Tree-Person (HTP) drawing test has been culturally adapted for Haitian children and objectively scored for resilience and vulnerability (Roysircar, Colvin, Afolayan, Thompson, & Robertson, 2017). The HTP was used to assess 88 Haitian children’s adjustment to the 2010 earthquake and the continuous trauma of societal inequalities. The study examined the validity of the adapted HTP test and its dimensionality. The study included participant interviews with child self-report measures of self-esteem, as perceived by self, peers, and family; posttraumatic symptoms; and self-concept. All measures were translated and administered in Créole. Analyses included standardized sample scores; descriptive statistics; internal consistency reliability; interscale correlations; a generalizability study showing that there were no differences in HTP scores due to novice or expert raters; and an exploratory factor analysis of HTP scores indicating three factors and accounting for just under 50% of the variance. The three dimensions, HTP Resilience-Vulnerability Integrated, House Feeling Safe, and Person Feeling Unloved, are discussed within the international literature on child disaster trauma assessed pictorially, and within Haitians’ spiritual worldview of suffering and endurance.

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12

Galarza Ballester, María Teresa. "La criollización y la adquisición del sistema verbal en haitiano, jamaicano y papiamento." Lexis 38, no. 2 (2014): 337–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/lexis.201402.004.

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ResumenEl presente artículo constituye un estudio del sistema de tiempo, modo y aspecto en las lenguas criollas habladas en Haití, Jamaica y las islas de Aruba, Curaçao y Bonaire. La investigación muestra cómo el sistema de TMA del haitiano, el jamaicano y el papiamento se han desarrollado. Asimimo, plantea como hipótesis que su formación implica tanto a las lenguas superestrato como a las lenguas substrato en un proceso guiado por universales del lenguaje. Adicionalmente, sostiene que no todos los aspectos de los sistemas TMA se derivan simplemente de las lenguas contribuyentes, sino que son el resultado de la interacción entre procesos de adquisición del lenguaje y la criollización.Palabras clave: criollo, criollización, adquisición del lenguaje, haitiano, jamaicano, papiamento AbstractThis paper constitutes a study of the system encoding tense, mood and aspect in the creole languages spoken in Haiti, Jamaica, and the islands of Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire. The research shows how the TMA system of Haitian, Jamaican and Papiamento has been developed and hypothesizes that creole formation involves several degrees of input from both superstrate and substrate languages in a process guided by language universals. Furthermore, it argues that not all aspects of the TMA systems are simply derived from the source languages but result from the interaction between language acquisition and creole development.Keywords: creole, creolization, language acquisition, Haitian, Jamaican, Papiamento

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13

Lang, George. "A Primer of Haitian Literature inKrey�l." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 2 (2004): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2004.35.2.128.

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14

Lucas, Rafaël. "The Aesthetics of Degradation in Haitian Literature." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 2 (2004): 54–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2004.35.2.54.

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15

Crosta, Suzanne. "History and cultural identity in Haitian literature." International Journal of Francophone Studies 5, no. 1 (2002): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfs.5.1.22.

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Lang, George (George M. ). "A Primer of Haitian Literature in Kreyol." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 2 (2004): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2004.0046.

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17

Lucas, Rafael, and R. H. Mitsch. "The Aesthetics of Degradation in Haitian Literature." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 2 (2004): 54–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2004.0047.

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18

Pierre-Louis, Paul-Arthur. "Finding the Right Path: Exploring the College Choice of Haitian Immigrants at a Highly Selective Historically Black College & University." Caribbean Journal of Education 44, no. 1&2 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46425/c014412c7165.

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Today, Haitian immigrants account for nearly 17% of the Black population in the United States (Tamir, 2021). The increase of Haitian immigrant families has led to an increase in Haitian immigrant children enrolling in college. This trend has affected enrollment at all higher education institutions—most notably Historically Black Colleges & Universities (HBCUs). However, while HBCUs today are vastly different from institutions of the mid-1800s, the literature on Black students entering college continues to focus on African American students (Gyapong & Smith, 2012; Cartledge et al., 2015; Chapman et al., 2018). Although there are studies on the factors affecting Haitian immigrant student levels of educational aspiration, less attention has been given to the college of choice (Dublin, 2014). Therefore, this qualitative phenomenological study sought to explore the college choice process of ten Haitian immigrant students who attended a highly selective HBCU in the Northeast region of the United States.

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19

Daut, Marlene L. ""Sons of White Fathers": Mulatto Vengeance and the Haitian Revolution in Victor Sééjour's "The Mulatto"." Nineteenth-Century Literature 65, no. 1 (2010): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2010.65.1.1.

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Marlene L. Daut, "'Sons of White Fathers': Mulatto Vengeance and the Haitian Revolution in Victor Sééjour's 'The Mulatto'"(pp. 1––37) Although many literary critics have traced the genealogy of the tragic mulatto/a to nineteenth-century U.S. letters, in this essay I argue that the theme of tragedy and the mixed-race character predates the mid-nineteenth-century work of Lydia Maria Child and William Wells Brown and cannot be considered a solely U.S. American concept. The image can also be traced to early-nineteenth-century French colonial literature, where the trope surfaced in conjunction with the image of the Haitian Revolution as a bloody race war. Through a reading of the Louisiana-born Victor Sééjour's representation of the Haitian Revolution, "Le Mulââtre" or "The Mulatto," originally composed in French and first published in Paris in 1837, this essay considers the implications of the conflation of the literary history of the tragic mulatto/a with the literary history of the Haitian Revolution in one of the first short stories written by an American author of African descent.

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20

Lefebvre, Claire, Anne-Marie Brousseau, and Sandra Filipovich. "Haitian Creole Morphology: French Phonetic Matrices in a West African Mold." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 34, no. 3 (1989): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100013463.

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This paper summarizes the findings of an extensive study of Haitian Creole morphology as compared with that of contributing languages: French, the lexifier language, and Fon, the West African language selected as the substratum language. The proposal we want to argue for in this paper is that, although the phonetic matrices of Haitian Creole lexical items are recognizable as being from French, at a more abstract level the productive affixes of Haitian Creole pattern in a significant way with the model of contributing West African languages, in this case Fon. This being the case, the widespread assumption in the creole literature that creole languages have undergone morphological simplification is not borne out by the Haitian data (cf. several discussions on this topic in Hymes 1971).

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21

Phipps, Marilene. "Haitian Masks." Callaloo 18, no. 2 (1995): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.1995.0068.

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22

Phipps, Marilene. "Haitian Masks." Callaloo 19, no. 1 (1996): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.1996.0026.

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23

Dash, J. Michael. "Haitian Revolutionary Studies (review)." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 2 (2004): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2004.0040.

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24

Machry da Silva, Susiele. "Aprendizagem do português por imigrantes haitianos: percepção das consoantes liquidas /l/ e /ɾ/". Ilha do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies 70, № 3 (2017): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2017v70n3p47.

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This article deals with the acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese as an additional language by Haitian immigrants, more specifically with regard to the perception of liquid consonants / l / and / r / in the intervocalic position, in forms such as pala, mala, Sara. A total of 14 resident Haitian immigrants, at the time of the survey, in the city of Pato Branco-PR, with a mean age of 30.07 (SD = 4.98), were all male. The discussion of the data is based on the theoretical assumptions of the Phonological Acquisition of L2 (FLEGE, 1995; BEST, TYLER, 2007) and the results show a tendency towards the assimilation process, ie without the separate categorization of / l / and / R / . There is also a positive effect of the course time and the fact that the informant resides here with his Haitian family, with better performance for those who attend longer courses and reside here with their family.

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25

Cruse, Mark. "Place in Haitian Literature Since The 2010 Earthquake." Geographical Review 103, no. 4 (2013): 469–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2013.00014.x.

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26

Munro, Martin. "Community in Post-earthquake Writing from Haiti." Paragraph 37, no. 2 (2014): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2014.0121.

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This article develops Celia Britton's insights into community in French Caribbean writing in two ways. First, it considers Jacques Roumain's Gouverneurs de la rosée and its image of community in the broader context of modern and contemporary Haitian fiction; and second it discusses representations of community in two Haitian works written after the earthquake of 2010, an event that literally destroyed many communities and has forced Haitian authors to rethink relationships between different groups in Haiti and between human life, the cities, nature and the land.

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27

KIM, SABINE. "Haitian Vodou and Migrating Voices." Theatre Research International 44, no. 1 (2019): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883318000998.

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This article looks at the relationship between Haitian vodou, sound recording, and migration. I argue that Haitian vodou has a special relationship with technologies of sound, understood in Jonathan Sterne's sense of media as embodiments of social desire. There is a parallel between vodou possession and the practice of pwen (throwing verbal insults), on the one hand, and, on the other, the tape recorder's ability to manifest a person through the sound of his or her voice, making him or her present both in Haiti for the Haitian vodou congregation and in the diasporic land, thus bridging the separation across oceans and time. This transnational character underscores how Haitian vodou, which has been much maligned and often misunderstood, is an incredibly flexible and adaptive religion, necessary as a means of cultural survival for citizens of one of most economically disadvantaged nations, harshly subject to insertion in global neo-liberal labour markets.

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28

Glazier, Stephen D. "Haitian Odyssey:The Bordeaux Narrative." Anthropology Humanism 17, no. 3-4 (1992): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ahu.1992.17.3-4.105.

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29

Magny-Normilus, Cherlie, Barbara Mawn, and Joanne Dalton. "Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Adult Haitian Immigrants: A Qualitative Study." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 31, no. 1 (2019): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659619841586.

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Introduction: A large body of literature exists on self-management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a variety of populations. However, research is limited on how Haitian immigrants self-manage their T2D despite a prevalence of 6.9% in Haiti. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the lived experience of adult Haitian immigrants managing T2D living in the United States. Methodology: Moustakas’s phenomenological approach guided this qualitative study. Adult Haitian immigrants diagnosed with T2D for at least 1 year were interviewed. Individual interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, uploaded into NVivo, and analyzed using Moustakas’s existential data analysis process. Results: We interviewed 16 participants (mean age 56;12 females; an average of 11 years living in the United States; mean hemoglobin A1c 8.1%). Four themes emerged: self-reliance, spirituality, nostalgia for home, and a desire for positive patient–provider relationships. Cultural influences and health beliefs may affect individual self-management of T2D in this population. Conclusions: These results may assist clinicians in identifying factors that contribute to suboptimal self-management in Haitian immigrants and help patients reach glycemic control. Culturally competent assessment and interventions for Haitian immigrants with T2D may not be provided without considering these four themes.

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30

Brousseau, Anne-Marie, Sandra Filipovich, and Claire Lefebvre. "Morphological Processes in Haitian Creole." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 4, no. 1 (1989): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.4.1.02bro.

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In this paper we examine the morphology of Haitian with respect to two issues widely discussed in the literature on creoles: 1) the substratum issue, formulated in our view in terms of the role played by relexification in the formation of Haitian Creole; and 2) the widespread assumption that creole languages are morphologically simpler than their lexifier language. These two issues are not unrelated. The morphological simplicity assumption is based on a comparison of creole with European languages that have contributed the bulk of their respective lexicons. In order to discuss the two issues, we will compare the productive morphology of Haitian with that of French (the lexifier language), and Fon, a contributive West African language. The major findings of this paper with respect to the issues addressed here are the following: 1) productive affixes of Haitian Creole pattern in a significant way with the model of contributing West African languages more so than with French; and 2) the presumed morphological simplicity of creoles reduces to the selection of the unmarked option with respect to the position of morphological heads.

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31

Robertshaw, Matthew. "Haitian Creole Comes of Age: Philology, Orthography, Education, and Literature in the "Haitian Sixties," 1934–1957." Journal of Haitian Studies 26, no. 1 (2020): 4–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2020.0009.

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32

Briere, Jean-Francois. "Abbe Gregoire and Haitian Independence." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 2 (2004): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2004.0036.

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33

Shelton, Marie-Denise. "Haitian Women's Fiction." Callaloo 15, no. 3 (1992): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2932019.

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34

Egerton, Douglas R. "CARIBBEAN DREAMS, HAITIAN NIGHTMARES." Atlantic Studies 2, no. 2 (2005): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10494820500224145.

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35

Zimra, Clarisse. "Haitian Literature After Duvalier: An Interview With Yanick Lahens." Callaloo 16, no. 1 (1993): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2931818.

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36

Shread, Carolyn. "Decolonizing paratexts: re-presenting Haitian literature in English translations." Neohelicon 37, no. 1 (2010): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11059-010-0055-8.

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37

Daut, Marlene L. "Beyond Trouillot." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 25, no. 1 (2021): 132–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-8912823.

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This essay explores the genealogy of historian and anthropologist Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s writings as related to broader trends in historical scholarship. The author suggests that it was through Silencing the Past’s acceptance and ascendance within the very North Atlantic “guild” that Trouillot deconstructs in his historical writings that the ideas of nineteenth-century Haitian historians such as Baron de Vastey, Hérard Dumesle, Beaubrun Ardouin, and Thomas Madiou produced an immeasurable influence on the direction of historical scholarship across the world. The author argues that the influence of these nineteenth-century Haitian authors can be seen everywhere in social history, especially in the concept of history from below, even though most historians in Europe and the United States have never even heard the names of these other Haitian authors.

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38

Brière, Jean-François. "Abb� Gr�goire and Haitian Independence." Research in African Literatures 35, no. 2 (2004): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2004.35.2.34.

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39

Olukotun, Deji. "A New Refuge for Haitian Writers." World Literature Today 87, no. 1 (2013): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wlt.2013.0155.

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Donaldson, S. V. "Visibility, Haitian Hauntings, and Southern Borders." American Literature 78, no. 4 (2006): 714–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-78-4-714.

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Lefebvre, Claire. "AGR in Languages Without Person and Number Agreement: The Case of the Clausal Determiner in Haitian and Fon." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 37, no. 2 (1992): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100021927.

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In recent literature on the decomposition of INFL (Pollock 1989), it has been proposed that the features of agreement morphology (henceforth the Ф features), and the features of Tense, each head a separate projection, AGR and T, respectively. There are languages which do not exhibit agreement in Ф features. This raises the question as to whether these languages have a functional category AGR. Kornfilt (1989), for example, shows that in contrast to Modern Turkish, Old Turkish does not exhibit agreement phenomena in person and number. She proposes that the difference between the two grammars be expressed in terms of the presence of AGR in the former and the absence of this projection in the latter. Similarly, on the basis of the fact that Haitian Creole lacks agreement in person and number, Ritter (1991b) suggests that Haitian Creole lacks the functional category AGR. In this paper, I demonstrate that there is ample motivation for positing AGR as a syntactic category in Haitian and in Fon.

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Clitandre, Nadège T. "Notes on Radical Hope; or, The Ethical Turn in Anthropology." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 25, no. 3 (2021): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-9583558.

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Examining Greg Beckett’s 2019 There Is No More Haiti: Between Life and Death in Port-au-Prince, this critical essay explores the notion of radical hope in the midst of tragedy and crisis in Haiti. It attempts to reframe the idea of hope from the perspective of a Haitian American who studies Haiti through the lens of literary texts and within a global analysis, arguing that Beckett’s book is more than an anthropological study of crisis; it is an act of memorializing the various ways a generation reflects on the idea of hope. The author’s reading of There Is No More Haiti calls for more critical studies on what Haitians can teach us about the importance of hope in times of disaster, about the understanding of hope as a pervasive feeling.

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Maguire, Brigid. "“A Border is a Veil”: Death as a Border in The Farming of Bones and The Book Thief." Digital Literature Review 9 (April 15, 2022): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/dlr.9.1.83-89.

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Within literature, death has always been a common theme. In this essay, death as a border in literature will be explored in Edwidge Danticat’s The Farming of Bones and Markus Zusak’s The Book Thief. The Farming of Bones follows Amabelle Désir, a young Haitian woman working in the Dominican Republic, and tells of the Haitian massacre in the Dominican Republic in 1937. The Book Thief follows Liesel Meminger, a young German girl living under the Nazi regime, and tells of life during World War II. Both Danticat and Zusak explore death as it appears in those tragedies, how it affects the people under those regimes, and how it creates a border. Death creates a border both physical and spiritual, rigid yet permeable, and one that is displayed through the personification of death by Danticat and Zusak.

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Manigat, Max. "The Haitian Book Abroad." Callaloo 15, no. 3 (1992): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2932024.

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Daut, M. L. "The "Alpha and Omega" of Haitian Literature: Baron de Vastey and the U.S. Audience of Haitian Political Writing." Comparative Literature 64, no. 1 (2012): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-1539208.

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Douglas, Rachel. "Theory versus Practice: On the Postcolonial Marginalization of Haitian Literature." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 16, no. 3 39 (2012): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-1894177.

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Doucet, Fabienne. "(Re)Constructing Home and School: Immigrant Parents, Agency, and the (Un)Desirability of Bridging Multiple Worlds." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 113, no. 12 (2011): 2705–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811111301201.

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Background/Context This study examines the tactics that Haitian immigrant parents used to negotiate the boundaries around home and school, presenting the possibility that families play an active and deliberate role in creating distance between the worlds of home and school. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The following research questions were explored: (1) Why do Haitian immigrant parents resist bridges between the worlds of home and school? (2) How might this resistance be seen as a show of agency? (3) How do the resistance and agency of Haitian immigrants complicate the in-school/out-of-school dichotomy and push theories that too easily bring in-school and out-of-school worlds together? Setting Greater Boston, Massachusetts. Population/Participants/Subjects Participants were 54 parents of Haiti-born (1.5 generation) and U.S.-born (second generation) Haitian American adolescents. Research Design The study draws from a subset of data collected with Haitian families in a large longitudinal study of newly arrived immigrants from five different countries and from data collected in a supplemental study of second-generation Haitian families. Data sources include structured interviews and field notes. Data Collection and Analysis Data were collected by bilingual, bicultural research assistants. Interviews were recorded whenever possible, transcribed, and, if necessary, translated to English. Data were analyzed for this article using classic qualitative thematic analysis techniques. Findings/Results The findings suggest that parents actively constructed and reconstructed distinct boundaries for home and school rather than being passive victims of these boundaries. Three metathemes and seven related themes emerged related to the research questions: protecting the home terrain (displayed as a concern with family privacy; parental strictness; and discouraging friendships); equating schools with Americanization (shown through criticisms of U.S. schools/schooling; and parents’ limited contact with school), and negotiating a seat at the table (through parental advocacy; and reciprocal partnership-seeking) Conclusions/Recommendations These findings question the pervasive notion in educational literature and practice that close links between home and school should be the goal of both teachers and families.

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Spadijer, Sonja. "La domesticité, phénomène socioculturel, représentée dans les œuvres Zoune chez sa ninnaine de Justin Lhérisson et Rêves amers de Maryse Condé." French Cultural Studies 33, no. 1 (2022): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09571558211044965.

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That childhood should be everywhere at home whatever the circumstances, has been implored by poets. Their powerful voices call on the international community to mobilize to protect the rights of the child. However, there are unfair practices; child domestic work is one of them. These children are called ‘domestic children’, ‘service children’ and les ‘restavèk’. Denounced by humanitarian institutions, child domestic work unfortunately still exists today. This issue has been taken up by writers, thus becoming one of the key themes of literature in French and Creole languages. Our aim is to recall the major role that this literature has played, for more than a century, in raising the awareness of a very large readership on the harmful effects of this practice on children and adolescents. This study will focus on two authors and their works talking about this phenomenon in the context of Haiti, Justin Lhérisson (late 19th and early 20th centuries) with his lodyans Zoune chez sa ninnaine (1906) and Maryse Condé (20th and 21st centuries) with her novel Rêves amers (1987), both closely tied to Haitian culture. While using different literary frameworks, either Creolity in Maryse Condé or Social Realism in Justin Lhérisson, they chose in their fictions to tell about the condition of a child placed in domestic service. Dealing with this phenomenon is also talking about the quest for identity in Haitian literature, which at the beginning a literature of imitation. The expression of J. Lhérisson proves that this literature has become autonomous and that it represents its culture and its society. Because of the originality and the impact exerted, his work deserves to be remembered as part of the universal cultural heritage. M. Condé pleads for freedom of expression, literary cosmopolitanism, universal values, refusing any classification within the borders of a single country or a single language. Thus, the Haitian social realism represented in the expression of these two authors of the Caribbean space brings Creole literature closer to word literature.

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Delne, C. "Haitian History: New Perspectives." French Studies 67, no. 3 (2013): 446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/knt117.

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Roberts, Allen F., and Donald J. Cosentino. "Sacred Arts of Haitian Vodou." African Arts 29, no. 2 (1996): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337381.

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