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1
Manríquez, Daniela Nova. "Contents, communicational needs and learner expectations: a study of SSL in Haitian immigrants." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 7, no. 3 (2019): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2019-0020.
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Abstract This research aims to prove the effectiveness of Spanish as a Second Language lessons for Haitians designed by volunteers in Santiago de Chile. The methodology used through the study was based on the application of two questionnaires to Haitian students in order to compare results, and finally obtain an average that reflects the achievement of the communicative functions expected. Results indicate that neither the lessons planned, material giver nor the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages fulfilled such expectations. Findings are discussed in relation to previous studies on methodologies for Spanish as a Second Language for Haitian immigrants in Chile (Toledo, 2016)
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Đokić, Borivoje-Boris, Rhonda Polak, Jeanette D. Francis, and Bahaudin G. Mujtaba. "A Study of Haitian Immigrant’s Assimilation to Western Practices of Using the Telephony and Internet Technologies / Proučavanje Asimilacije Imigranata Sa Haitija Na Zapadnjačku Praksu Korišćenja Telefonskih I Internet Tehnologija." Singidunum Journal of Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (2013): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjas10-4207.
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Abstract This study examines the relationship between the use of technology to stay connected with home country and culture while adapting and integrating into the host culture. Through a survey the authors probe into how Haitian immigrants living in South Florida with varying levels of contact with their home country acculturate into the receiving society, exploring an increasingly salient experience of contemporary global migrants. Immigration is the experience of acculturation by individuals and the emergence of culturally plural societies, where both immigrants and host country citizens can live together in a positive environment. In this study, we report our exploratory findings and insights from a survey conducted among Haitian immigrants in South Florida area, studying the relationship between the scope of their electronic communication, and their level of integration into the mainstream American culture. Considerable research has been devoted to the understanding of immigration, acculturation and adaptation of adults, but much less has addressed these phenomena among Haitian population in reference to the use of communication technologies to keep in touch with their loved ones overseas and being fully adapted to their host country at the same time, asserting both identities. In other words, to what extend Haitians who wish to have contact with American culture, while maintaining their cultural attributes do so through the Internet and telecommunication technologies. The objective of this study is to explore the correlation between cultural integration process and the level of Internet and telephony technologies usage among Haitians living in South Florida. The Internet and telephones are a necessity becoming central for one’s knowledge of environment, for the retention of one’s social contacts but also for the organization of one’s life. This is especially true for immigrants who often rely on their new and old social networks in order to adjust to the host country. This study looks at five well understood measures or indicators of the acculturation process, namely language proficiency, language use, length of time in the host culture, age, and peer contact. It also looks at the preferences of Internet related tools to contact friends and relatives both in Haiti and the USA by email, text messaging, and social sites. In our study, highly integrated Haitian immigrants are those who are young, have lived here for a long time, are proficient in Creole and English, speak to friends and relatives in both languages, and spend their free time with both Americans and other Haitians.
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Robertshaw, Matthew. "Kreyòl anba Duvalier, 1957–1986." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 93, no. 3-4 (2019): 231–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-09303054.
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Abstract The Duvalier presidencies were a devastating chapter in the history of Haiti. There is, however, one aspect of Haitian society that went through unexpected progress in the midst of these despotic regimes. Haitian Creole has long been excluded from formal and written contexts, despite being the only language common to all Haitians. The debate over whether Creole should be used in formal contexts for the sake of the country’s development and democratization began in earnest at the start of the twentieth century but was far from being resolved when François Duvalier came to power in 1957. Surprisingly, perceptions of Creole changed drastically during the Duvalier era, so that by the time Jean-Claude Duvalier fell from power in 1986 the status of Creole had improved markedly, so much that it had become typical for Haitians to use the language, along with French, in virtually all contexts.
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Hebblethwaite, Benjamin. "French and underdevelopment, Haitian Creole and development." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 27, no. 2 (2012): 255–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.27.2.03heb.
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This article argues that Haiti’s French-dominant school system is an impediment to the nation’s development, whereas Haitian Creole-dominant education will lay the foundation for long-term development. In that Caribbean country, 95% of the population is monolingual in Haitian Creole while the portion that additionally speaks French does not exceed 5% with an additional 5–10% having some receptive competence (Valdman 1984: 78; Dejean 2006). Even though French is the language of the school system, as many as 80% of Haiti’s teachers control it inadequately and only a minority of students completes school (Dejean 2006). Economic, historical, sociolinguistic, and demographic factors are a part of the explanation for Haiti’s low educational achievement. Another important but often ignored factor is educational language policy. Data on educational language policy compared internationally show that the use of a second language in schools correlates with high illiteracy rates and poverty (Coulmas 1992). I reject arguments in favor of maintaining French-dominant education in Haiti (Lawless 1992; Youssef 2002; Francis 2005; Ferguson 2006, etc.) because the resources for it are woefully lacking. I argue that the progressive promotion of Haitian Creole throughout Haitian education will lead to improved learning, graduation, and Creole literacy, in addition to a more streamlined and coherent State, economy, and society (Efron 1954; De Regt 1984; DeGraff 2003; Dejean 2006). As Haiti rebuilds after the earthquake of January 12th, 2010, aid workers, government employees, and researchers who get involved in the recovery also unsuspectingly perpetuate French, English, and Spanish hegemony in development work (DeGraff 2010). The long history of suppressing Haitian Creole and promoting French in education and administration — and French, English, or Spanish in development work — form underlying obstacles in the nation’s struggle to produce an adequate class of educated citizens, to achieve universal literacy, and to make socioeconomic progress.
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Lefebvre, Claire, Anne-Marie Brousseau, and Sandra Filipovich. "Haitian Creole Morphology: French Phonetic Matrices in a West African Mold." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 34, no. 3 (1989): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100013463.
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This paper summarizes the findings of an extensive study of Haitian Creole morphology as compared with that of contributing languages: French, the lexifier language, and Fon, the West African language selected as the substratum language. The proposal we want to argue for in this paper is that, although the phonetic matrices of Haitian Creole lexical items are recognizable as being from French, at a more abstract level the productive affixes of Haitian Creole pattern in a significant way with the model of contributing West African languages, in this case Fon. This being the case, the widespread assumption in the creole literature that creole languages have undergone morphological simplification is not borne out by the Haitian data (cf. several discussions on this topic in Hymes 1971).
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Hebblethwaite, Benjamin. "Scrabble as a tool for Haitian Creole literacy." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 24, no. 2 (2009): 275–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.24.2.03heb.
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This paper argues that Scrabble can be used as a tool to help maintain and grow all levels of Haitian Creole literacy and it provides the technical details for developing the game. The rules of the English version are given to introduce the game’s basic structure. Haiti’s educational, sociolinguistic, and literacy conditions are presented in order to put in context the orthographic form proposed for the Haitian Creole version. An overview of game culture in Haiti shows Scrabble’s potential for success. Previous research on the adaptation of Scrabble into Latin by means of a quantitative corpus-linguistic method is examined. Difficult aspects of standard Haitian Creole orthography (IPN) are discussed in order to expose potential pitfalls in design. Quantitative analysis of a Haitian Creole textual corpus provides an empirical basis for the distribution of letter tiles and their point values. Problems encountered in test-games played by Haitian-American university students and Haitian elementary and high school students inform the final proposal. The paper examines the work necessary for the successful introduction of Haitian Creole Scrabble and it provides independent evidence of the game’s cognitive benefits. Haitian Creole Scrabble is argued to be a creative and special method for expanding and strengthening literacy in Haitian Creole and other creole languages.
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Brousseau, Anne-Marie, Sandra Filipovich, and Claire Lefebvre. "Morphological Processes in Haitian Creole." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 4, no. 1 (1989): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.4.1.02bro.
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In this paper we examine the morphology of Haitian with respect to two issues widely discussed in the literature on creoles: 1) the substratum issue, formulated in our view in terms of the role played by relexification in the formation of Haitian Creole; and 2) the widespread assumption that creole languages are morphologically simpler than their lexifier language. These two issues are not unrelated. The morphological simplicity assumption is based on a comparison of creole with European languages that have contributed the bulk of their respective lexicons. In order to discuss the two issues, we will compare the productive morphology of Haitian with that of French (the lexifier language), and Fon, a contributive West African language. The major findings of this paper with respect to the issues addressed here are the following: 1) productive affixes of Haitian Creole pattern in a significant way with the model of contributing West African languages more so than with French; and 2) the presumed morphological simplicity of creoles reduces to the selection of the unmarked option with respect to the position of morphological heads.
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Fattier, Dominique. "Le français en Haïti, le français d’Haïti." Journal of Language Contact 7, no. 1 (2014): 93–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00701005.
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Focusing on French, I show how ecological factors influence language evolution. After explaining what the ecological approach consists of, I provide a chronological description of language contacts involving French in Saint-Domingue / Haïti. I focus on the various effects of these contacts, particularly on the emergence of a French-based creole thanks to speakers’ informal acquisition of French. After providing a description of the French spoken by the founding fathers of the ex-colony, I turn to different contributions by Haitians to representations and descriptions of French in Haiti. I conclude by providing some elements of Haiti’s modern sociolinguistic situation.
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Bickerton, Derek. "On the Supposed "Gradualness" of Creole Development." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 6, no. 1 (1991): 25–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.6.1.03bic.
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Two recent works by Carden & Stewart (1988) and Arends (1989) have tried to prove a gradual rather than a single-generational origin for Haitian and Sranan respectively. Both arguments, however, are severely flawed. The Carden-Stewart argument from Haitian reflexivization is shown to depend on misinterpretations of both bioprogram theory and generative principles. Further, their claim that early Haitian was not a full language would entail that Middle English (among others) was also not a full language. Arends' claims of radical diachronic change in Sranan involve treating as an early creole sample a fragmentary text which, given the social and historical context of seventeenth-century Suriname, was most probably produced by a second-language learner of the creole. Reanalysis of Arends' data shows that he exaggerates the significance of marginal forms and mistakenly treats the inherent variability characteristic of all languages as evidence for ongoing change. In fact, none of the data reviewed in these works is inconsistent with the emergence of Haitian and Sranan as full languages in a single generation.
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Louis, Bertin M. "Touloutoutou and Tet Mare Churches: Language, Class and Protestantism in the Haitian Diaspora of the Bahamas." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 41, no. 2 (2012): 216–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429812441308.
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Within Haiti’s growing transnational Protestant community, there are different types of churches and adherents that practice traditional forms of Protestant Christianity (such as the Adventist, Methodist and Baptist faiths) and Pentecostal/Charismatic forms of Protestant Christianity. Using Michèle Lamont’s work on symbolic boundaries, I explore how Haitian Protestants living in New Providence, Bahamas, differentiate these two major Haitian Protestant church cultures through the use of denigrating terms about differing religious traditions. Churches which practice traditional forms of Haitian Protestantism, for example, are sometimes called touloutoutou churches. Churches where Pentecostal/Charismatic forms of Haitian Protestantism are practiced are sometimes referred to as tet mare churches by some Haitian Protestants. In addition, practitioners’ descriptions reflect issues of social class and contested notions of Christian authenticity among Haitian Protestants in the Bahamas. Dans la communauté haïtienne protestante transnationale, il existe différents types d’églises et de fidèles qui forment une pratique traditionnelle du christianisme protestant (comme les adventistes, méthodistes et les religions Baptiste) et pentecôtiste / charismatique qui forment le christianisme protestant. Avec l’utilisation du travail de Michèle Lamont sur les frontières symboliques, j’explore comment les protestants haïtiens vivant à New Providence, Bahamas, peuvent faire la différence entre ces deux grandes cultures haïtiennes grâce à l’utilisation des termes dénigrants au sujet de traditions religieuses différentes. Les églises haïtiennes qui pratiquent les formes traditionnelles du protestantisme, par exemple, sont parfois appelées « églises touloutoutou ». D’autre part, les églises où les formes pentecôtiste / charismatique du protestantisme haïtien sont pratiquées sont parfois dénommés « églises tèt mare » pour certains protestants haïtiens. En outre, les descriptions des praticiens reflètent les questions de classe sociale et les notions d’authenticité chrétienne attaquée chez les protestants haïtiens aux Bahamas.
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ÉTIENNE, CORINNE. "The lexical particularities of French in the Haitian press: Readers' perceptions and appropriation." Journal of French Language Studies 15, no. 3 (2005): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269505002152.
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Regional French varieties in language contact situations have been widely discussed in Francophone studies. Defining a variety of French involves showing its specificity when compared to other French varieties, assessing its sociolinguistic functionality, and reporting on its speakers' linguistic representations (Robillard, 1993a). This article probes the reactions of a group of the Creole/French bilingual Haitian elite to a sample of lexical particularities drawn from a corpus of the Haitian press (1986–1998). It reports on participants' tolerance or stigmatization of these particularities and explores the reasons for their reactions. Findings indicate participants' concern with creolisms, notably those that are politically related or literal translations from Creole. This concern reveals participants' linguistic ambivalence and reflects the bilingual elite's linguistic identity, which is still influenced by Haiti's colonial past.
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Seguin, Luisa. "Transparency and language contact." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 35, no. 2 (2020): 218–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00060.seg.
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Abstract When communicating speakers map meaning onto form. It would thus seem obvious for languages to show a one-to-one correspondence between meaning and form, but this is often not the case. This perfect mapping, i.e. transparency, is indeed continuously violated in natural languages, giving rise to zero-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-one opaque correspondences between meaning and form. However, transparency is a mutating feature, which can be influenced by language contact. In this scenario languages tend to evolve and lose some of their opaque features, becoming more transparent. This study investigates transparency in a very specific contact situation, namely that of a creole, Haitian Creole, and its sub- and superstrate languages, Fongbe and French, within the Functional Discourse Grammar framework. We predict Haitian Creole to be more transparent than French and Fongbe and investigate twenty opacity features, divided into four categories, namely Redundancy (one-to-many), Fusion (many-to-one), Discontinuity (one meaning is split in two or more forms,) and Form-based Form (forms with no semantic counterpart: zero-to-one). The results indeed prove our prediction to be borne out: Haitian Creole only presents five opacity features out of twenty, while French presents nineteen and Fongbe nine. Furthermore, the opacity features of Haitian Creole are also present in the other two languages.
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Lefebvre, Claire. "The Tense, Mood, and Aspect System of Haitian Creole and the Problem of Transmission of Grammar in Creole Genesis." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 11, no. 2 (1996): 231–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.11.2.03lef.
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It is often assumed that creolization involves a break in the transmission of grammar. On the basis of data drawn from the TMA system of Haitian creole, as compared with those of its source languages — French, the superstratum language, and Fongbe, one of the substratum languages — this paper argues that creolization does not involve a break in transmission of grammar. The properties of the Haitian creole TMA system are shown to reflect in a systematic way those of its contributing languages. While the syntactic and the semantic properties of the TMA markers of the creole parallel those of Fongbe, the markers' phonological form appears to be derived from phonetic strings found in the superstratum language. This systematic division of properties is predicted by the hypothesis that relexification has played a major role in the formation of the creole. The fact that the lexical entries of the creole have phonological representations which are derived from phonetic strings found in the superstratum language is the visible signal that creolization involves the creation of a new language. The fact that the lexical entries of the creole show semantic and syntactic properties that parallel those of the languages of the substratum argues that there has been no break in the transmission of grammar in the formation of the creole.
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Sacks, E., M. Mastroianni, K. Hanselman, and V. Cange. "(A278) Preliminary Successes and Challenges in the Creation of an Emergency Medical Care Training Program in the Wake of the 2010 Earthquake." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (2011): s93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002950.
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BackgroundThe earthquake in January 2010 killed more than 250,000 Haitians and caused traumatic injury to tens of thousands of survivors. In the aftermath of the earthquake, Haitian civilians assisted in various medical roles. Many of the civilians requested training, and 8 months after the earthquake, a team of American clinicians, EMTs and health educators returned to Haiti to teach a course in basic lifesaving and emergency care.MethodsUsing a modified French-language EMS training curriculum, 60 community members with no previous medical experience were trained during an intense 2-month period. Trainings were held to teach basic lifesaving and stabilization skills. The Gwoup Ayisyen pou Ijans was formed and is preparing to take the French-language EMS exam. A follow-up study is being conducted to assess the capabilities of the students.DiscussionPreliminary challenges included securing safe places for training and teaching in both French and Kreyol. Successes were the willingness of trainers to volunteer time and equipment, and the high motivation of the students, despite the inability of the government to promise consistent work for an EMT force.
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Lefebvre, Claire. "Substratum Semantics in the Verbal Lexicon of Haitian Creole." Studies in Language 23, no. 1 (1999): 61–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.23.1.04lef.
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The aim of this paper is to document the presence of substratum semantics in the verbal inventory of Haitian creole on the basis of a comparison of a sample of verbs in Haitian, French (its lexifier language) and Fongbe (one of its substratum languages). The paper begins with a comparison of the meanings of a sample of Haitian, French and Fongbe verbs. Although the phonological representations of the Haitian verbs are derived from the phonetic representations of French verbs, the details of their semantics do not correspond exactly to those of French, but rather to those of Fongbe. Idiomatic expressions in Haitian are often expressed with similar verbal phrases in Fongbe, whereas they are rendered by a simple verb in French. Aspectual properties of verbs (stative/non-stative) constitute another facet of verbal semantics, and I compare the aspectual properties of Haitian, French and Fongbe verbs. Haitian verbs, like Fongbe verbs, are often not specified for aspectual properties, in contrast to French verbs. Thematic properties constitute yet another topic in the semantics of verbs, addressed here from the point of view of the verbs' agentiveness. On the basis of these various types of data, it is argued that the bulk of Haitian verbs' semantic properties have been carried over into the creole from the substratum lexicons. This situation argues in favor of the claim that the process of relexification plays a central role in the formation of a Creole's lexicon. Some cases of acquisition of French verbs are also reported. Such cases have triggered a reorganization in the properties of the verbal lexical entries originally relexified from the Haitian substratum languages.
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Girard, Philippe R. "What Language Did Toussaint Louverture Speak?: The Fort de Joux Memoir and the Origins of Haitian Kreyòl." Annales (English ed.) 68, no. 01 (2013): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000339.
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Using contemporary accounts, letters drafted by former slaves, and the memoir written by Toussaint Louverture shortly before his death, this article attempts to recreate the language spoken by Haitian revolutionaries and, in particular, Toussaint Louverture. Detailed historical and linguistic analysis of these sources shows that Louverture wrote predominantly in French, only employed Kreyòl orally (especially when addressing a working-class audience), and rarely used the Ewe-Fon language of his Arada ancestors. His memoir suggests that Haitian Kreyòl, which some linguists think is derived from African languages, was more influenced by archaic, popular, or regional variants of French. Louverture’s preference for French also reinforces theses that describe him as a moderate figure inclined toward the European model.
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Bruyn, Adrienne. "Claire Lefebvre, Creole genesis and the acquisition of grammar: The case of Haitian Creole. (Cambridge studies in linguistics, 88.) Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xviii, 461. Hb £45.00, $74.95." Language in Society 30, no. 1 (2001): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404501331056.
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In the continuing debate on the origins of creole languages, Lefebvre has long taken a strong stance in favor of an essential contribution of the West African substratum to the grammatical makeup of Haitian Creole; thus, she opposes both a universalist account along the lines of Derek Bickerton's bioprogram (e.g. 1984), and Robert Chaudenson's superstratist approach (e.g. 1992). Lefebvre's present book summarizes the main findings of two decades of research by herself and others (such as John Lumsden and Anne-Marie Brousseau) through various projects carried out at the Université du Québec à Montréal. The overall aim of this enterprise has been to test the hypothesis that adult speakers of the substratum languages, in creating a new creole language, use the properties of their native lexicons as well as the parametric values and semantic interpretation rules of their native grammars (9). In order to test this hypothesis, Haitian Creole is compared, on the one hand, with its superstratum or lexifier language, French, and on the other hand, with Fongbe (or Fon, belonging to the Gbe cluster of Kwa languages), as a representative of the substratum. Most of the book consists of the presentation of such three-way comparisons in regard to nominal structure (Chap. 4), the marking of tense, mood, and aspect (Chap. 5), pronouns (Chap. 6), clausal operators and the structure of the clause (Chaps. 7–8), the properties of verbs (Chap. 9), derivational affixes (Chap. 10), compounds (Chap. 11), and parametric options (Chap. 12). In all these areas, striking similarities between Haitian and Fongbe are revealed.
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Storme, Benjamin. "The adaptation of French liquids in Haitian." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 33, no. 2 (2018): 386–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00020.sto.
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Abstract Haitian, a French-lexifier creole with a Gbe substrate, shows an asymmetry in the way it has adapted French liquids: the French lateral was maintained in postvocalic coda position in Haitian, but the French rhotic was systematically deleted in this position. This paper presents the results of a perception study showing that the lateral is generally more perceptible than the rhotic in coda position in Modern French. The hypothesis that perception played a role in the phonological asymmetry in Haitian is compatible with these results. The paper sketches an analysis of how the perceptual asymmetry between French coda laterals and rhotics resulted in the emergence of a new phonological grammar, distinct from both the grammar of the substrate and superstrate languages. This analysis is in line with previous works on the role of perception in second language acquisition, loanword adaptation, creolization, and sound change more generally.
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Déprez, Viviane. "Haitian Creole." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 9, no. 1 (1994): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.9.1.02dep.
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Haitian Creole has been argued to be a pro-drop language whose null subjects are licensed by syntactic clitics (DeGraff 1993). This paper analyzes the properties of Haitian Creole pronominal subjects, expletive and argumentai, and argues on the basis of syntactic, phonological, and comparative considerations that Haitian Creole is better analyzed as a language whose argumentai subjects cannot be null and whose pronominal subjects occur in argumentai positions and cliticize in the phonological component.
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Archer, Justine, Tempii Champion, Martha E. Tyrone, and Sylvia Walters. "Phonological Development of Monolingual Haitian Creole–Speaking Preschool Children." Communication Disorders Quarterly 39, no. 3 (2017): 426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525740117729466.
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This study provides preliminary data on the phonological development of Haitian Creole–Speaking children. The purpose of this study is to determine phonological acquisition in the speech of normally developing monolingual Haitian Creole–Speaking preschoolers, ages 2 to 4. Speech samples were collected cross-sectionally from 12 Haitian children divided into three age groups. Participants’ utterances were recorded from spontaneous and/or imitative productions of target words. Data were analyzed through a relational analysis to determine phonemic inventories occurring in each age group’s speech. A gradual increase in speech sound inventories was observed from 2 to 4 years of age. Results indicate that phonological development in Haitian Creole–Speaking children was influenced by both language-universal patterns and language-specific patterns. In conclusion, data obtained on the phonological development of monolingual Haitian Creole preschoolers can provide insight to speech language pathologists during the clinical assessment and intervention process of this population.
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Sumonte, Valeria. "Desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural en un programa de adquisición de la lengua criollo haitiana en Chile." Íkala 25, no. 1 (2020): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.v25n01a09.
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This article aims to describe the results of a Haitian Creole language acquisition program, looking to foster intercultural communicative competence among Chilean officers, and favor migrant inclusion. The program, based on the intercultural communicative competence, had a duration of 50 hours, beginning with three sessions that present what the migration process means, the country of origin of the migrants, delivered by migrants, who then become linguistic mediators, and several linguistic aspects of Spanish and Haitian Creole languages. Data on the results of the program were collected through an interview and a language skills test, administered to the participants, to officers from the Investigation Police, and to health care practitioners, at the end of its implementation. The results show that the program favors the link between individuals from different cultural backgrounds, since it relies upon the exchange of participants having equally valued knowledge, and promotes the participation of learners in managing their learning and anticipating the context they will face. This facilitates the inclusion of migrant people, speaking a different language from that of the host society, which gives them a greater likelihood to successfully insert themselves in labor, educational and cultural settings.
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Bartens, Angela. "The Making of Languages and New Literacies: San Andrés-Providence Creole with a View on Jamaican and Haitian." Lingüística y Literatura 42, no. 79 (2021): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.lyl.n79a13.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the idea of «language making» and new literacies in creole languages with a focus on San Andrés-Providence Creole English. Jamaican and Haitian Creole are taken as points of comparison for their more advanced state of consolidation. Posts from Facebook groups gathered between February 2016 and July 2020 as the main source of data were complemented by 2015 data on San Andrés linguistic landscapes. The main finding is that, due to a favorable change in language attitudes both locally and globally, San Andrés-Providence Creole is entering into the domain of writing.
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HEBBLETHWAITE, BENJAMIN. "Adverb code-switching among Miami's Haitian Creole–English second generation." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13, no. 4 (2010): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728909990563.
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The findings for adverbs and adverbial phrases in a naturalistic corpus of Miami Haitian Creole–English code-switching show that one language, Haitian Creole, asymmetrically supplies the grammatical frame while the other language, English, asymmetrically supplies mixed lexical categories like adverbs. Traces of code-switching with an English frame and Haitian Creole lexical categories suggest that code-switching is abstractly BIDIRECTIONAL. A quantitative methodology that codes the language-indexation of the token in addition to the surrounding lexical items was used for all mixed (e.g. xYx/yXy, xYy/yXx, yYx/xXy) and unmixed (xXx/yYy) adverbs. Discourse position, especially the left-periphery, is found to be a significant factor in adverb code-switching. Sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic analyses which acknowledge the ‘low’ status of one language and the ‘high’ status of the other explain better the frequency of mixed English adverbs in a Haitian Creole frame and the rarity of mixed Haitian Creole adverbs in an English frame than a minimalist approach, such as MacSwan's (1999 and subsequent work), which uses phi-feature valuation and entails asymmetry without bidirectionality. While I provide confirmation for Myers-Scotton's (1993) Matrix Language Frame approach, I emphasize that trace bidirectional data need to be accounted for by a theory that is grounded in the sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic realities.
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STAFFORD, SUSAN BUCHANAN. "LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY: Haitians in New York City." Center for Migration Studies special issues 7, no. 1 (1989): 190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2050-411x.1989.tb00987.x.
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Russell, Eric. "Creole phonological restructuring." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 25, no. 2 (2010): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.25.2.03rus.
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This article examines the influence of perception on creole phonological restructuring, drawing comparisons to loanword adaptation and second language learning and outlining a formal framework within which change can be described and explained. The three scenarios of contact-induced modification are compared and contrasted, focusing on the nature of contact, the role of different source and target languages, and the means by which participants access source tokens. Data from Haitian, showing diachronic modification to lexifier rhotics, is used to illustrate the position that perception may be the primary causal factor in phonological modification in some instances. It is argued that source ambiguity and substrate (L1) perceptual knowledge underlie restructuring. Perceptual competence is formalized in a broadly Optimality Theoretic grammar using level-specific constraints referring to the parsing and categorization of experiential input. Putative substrate data are used to establish a perceptual grammar which, when applied to experiential input, predict attested outcomes in Haitian.
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Omogun, Lakeya, and Allison Skerrett. "From Haiti to Detroit Through Black Immigrant Languages and Literacies." Journal of Literacy Research 53, no. 3 (2021): 406–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086296x211031279.
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This article undertakes a textual analysis of an autobiographically informed novel, American Street, to analyze the process of identity formation of a Black Haitian immigrant youth in the United States. Black immigrant youth remain an understudied demographic in literacy research compared with their Latinx and Asian immigrant counterparts. The goal of this analysis is to provide insights into the role of languages and literacies for Black immigrant youth in (re)constructing their identities in nations like the United States. Analysis revealed the significance of one youth’s resistance to raciolinguistic ideologies, reliance on her Haitian faith literacies, and deployment of multiliteracy practices in (re)constructing her identity. We call for increased research that illuminates the complexity of the language and literacy processes involved in Black immigrant youth’s negotiations with identity in new homelands, and offer textual analysis as an underutilized but promising inquiry method for generating such knowledge. The article also offers pedagogical implications.
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Baker, Beverly A., and Caroline Riches. "The development of EFL examinations in Haiti: Collaboration and language assessment literacy development." Language Testing 35, no. 4 (2017): 557–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532217716732.
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Research was conducted during the delivery of a series of workshops on language assessment with Haitian teachers in the spring of 2013. The final products of these workshops were several revised national English examinations presented to the Haitian Ministry of Education and Professional Training (MENFP). The research goal was to examine the language assessment literacy (LAL) development of both teachers and language assessment specialists during this collaboration. Data included the compiled feedback from Haitian teachers on draft examinations during the workshops, as well as survey and interview responses immediately following the workshops. Results reveal the complementary expertise of teachers and specialists, which facilitated LAL development by both parties. Results also identified challenges in collaborative decision making and consensus building to be addressed in future projects.
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Viddal, Grete. "Vodú Chic: Haitian Religion and the Folkloric Imaginary in Socialist Cuba." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 86, no. 3-4 (2012): 205–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002414.
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During the first three decades of the twentieth century, hundreds of thousands of Haitian agricultural laborers arrived in Cuba seeking employment in the expanding sugar industry. Historically, Haitian cane cutters were marginal and occupied the lowest socio-economic status in Cuban society. Until relatively recently, the maintenance of Haitian spiritual beliefs, music, dance, and language in Cuba were associated with rural isolation and poverty. Today however, the continuation of Haitian customs is no longer linked with isolation, but exactly the opposite: performance troupes, heritage festivals, art exhibitions, the circulation of religious specialists, collaborations with research centers and academia, endorsement by music promoters, and the tourism industry. Cubans of Haitian heritage have found innovative ways to transform the abject into the exotic, and are currently gaining a public voice in cultural production, particularly through folkloric performance.
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Lefebvre, Claire. "AGR in Languages Without Person and Number Agreement: The Case of the Clausal Determiner in Haitian and Fon." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 37, no. 2 (1992): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100021927.
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In recent literature on the decomposition of INFL (Pollock 1989), it has been proposed that the features of agreement morphology (henceforth the Ф features), and the features of Tense, each head a separate projection, AGR and T, respectively. There are languages which do not exhibit agreement in Ф features. This raises the question as to whether these languages have a functional category AGR. Kornfilt (1989), for example, shows that in contrast to Modern Turkish, Old Turkish does not exhibit agreement phenomena in person and number. She proposes that the difference between the two grammars be expressed in terms of the presence of AGR in the former and the absence of this projection in the latter. Similarly, on the basis of the fact that Haitian Creole lacks agreement in person and number, Ritter (1991b) suggests that Haitian Creole lacks the functional category AGR. In this paper, I demonstrate that there is ample motivation for positing AGR as a syntactic category in Haitian and in Fon.
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Lefebvre, Claire, and Diane Massam. "Haitian Creole Syntax." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 3, no. 2 (1988): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.3.2.05lef.
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In this paper we examine several aspects of Haitian Creole syntax in light of the recent proposal that a determiner can be the head of a minor maximal projection. We argue that an incorporation of this proposal into the analysis of several aspects of Haitian Creole syntax, including clause structure, question formation, and relative-clause formation, can resolve several puzzling problems. In addition, the paper adds to the theory of minor heads in that it shows that such heads must be considered to inherit major category features from their complements.
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Muysken, Pieter. "Saramaccan and Haitian." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 9, no. 2 (1994): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.9.2.06muy.
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Nelson, William Javier. "The Haitian Political Situation and its Effect on the Dominican Republic: 1849-1877." Americas 45, no. 2 (1988): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1006786.
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The Dominican Republic, which has once again exhibited the fragility of its political institutions by taking over two weeks to ascertain a winner in its last presidential election, is, in many ways, a land of shared commonalities with other peoples. Its merengue rhythms point to a common musical bond with West Africa; its language and cultural institutions suggest a heavy Spanish stamp and its affiliations with other regional entities such as Puerto Rico and Venezuela are well known. Unfortunately for the Dominicans, however, they share their own island with another society — a decidely unique situation, especially since this schism represents an antipathic clash between different languages, histories and racial philosophies.
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Gunn, Christine M., Michael K. Paasche-Orlow, Sharon Bak, et al. "Health Literacy, Language, and Cancer-Related Needs in the First 6 Months After a Breast Cancer Diagnosis." JCO Oncology Practice 16, no. 8 (2020): e741-e750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jop.19.00526.
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PURPOSE: Low health literacy (HL) and language negatively affect cancer screening and prevention behaviors; less is known about how they affect the patient’s experience during cancer treatment. This study explores associations among HL, spoken language, and dimensions of cancer-related needs within 6 months of receiving a breast cancer diagnosis. METHODS: Women speaking English, Spanish, or Haitian Creole, enrolled in a patient navigation study at diagnosis, completed a survey in their primary spoken language at baseline and 6 months to characterize their cancer-related needs. HL was measured using the Brief Health Literacy Screening Tool. Outcomes included the Cancer Needs Distress Inventory (CaNDI; n = 38 items) and the Communication and Attitudinal Self-Efficacy scale (CASE-Cancer) for cancer (n = 12 items). Linear regressions measured the impact of HL and language on total CaNDI and CASE-Cancer scale for cancer scores and subscales, adjusted for demographics. RESULTS: At baseline, 262 women participated and 228 (87%) followed up at 6 months. Of these, 38% had adequate HL, 33% had marginal HL, and 29% had inadequate HL. Women with inadequate or marginal HL had higher median baseline CaNDI scores ( P = .02) and lower self-efficacy scores ( P = .008), relative to those with adequate HL. Haitian-Creole speakers had significantly lower CANDI scores at baseline ( P = .03). Adjusting for demographics, differences in CaNDI scores at baseline remained significant for those with lower HL and Haitian-Creole speakers. At 6 months, differences in self-efficacy persisted for Haitian-Creole speakers. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that interventions oriented to mitigating HL and language barriers might reduce distress at the time of diagnosis and improve self-efficacy over the course of treatment.
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SILVA, Adelaide Hercília Pescatori. "APONTAMENTOS PARA O ENSINO DO SISTEMA SONORO DO PB." Trama 15, no. 34 (2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/rt.v15i34.21768.
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Este artigo visa a contribuir para o ensino de português brasileiro (PB) como língua estrangeira. Para tanto, segue dois argumentos: o de que a língua é um sistema adaptativo complexo – o que implica a necessidade de se conspirarem variáveis extralinguísticas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em interação com variáveis linguística - e o de que é preciso conhecer a estrutura fonético-fonológica do PB e da língua materna dos aprendizes, para que se possa desenvolver uma abordagem próxima à realidade desses aprendizes. Para embasar tais argumentos, lançamos mão de dados português brasileiro produzidos por falantes nativos de crioulo haitiano e analisados acusticamente.REFERÊNCIASAlbano, E. C. O gesto e suas bordas – esboço de fonologia acústico-articulatória do português brasileiro. Campinas: Mercado de Letras/FAPESP, 2001.ALVES, U.K.; BRISOLARA, L.B.; PEROZZO, R.V. Curtindo os sons do Brasil – Fonética do Português do Brasil para Hispanofalantes. Lisboa: Lidel, 2017.Becker, M.R. Inteligibilidade da lingua inglesa sob o paradigma de língua franca: percepção de discursos de falantes de diferentes L1s por brasileiros. Tese de doutorado. Inédita. UFPR. 2013.Beckner, C. et al. Language is a complex adaptative system: position paper. Language Learning, v. 59, n. 1, p. 1-26, dez. 2009.Cadely, J.R. Haiti: the politics of language. Journal of Teaching and Education, 1(3):389–394, 2012.CADELY, J. R.. Les sons du Creòle haïtien. The Journal of Haitian Studies, 9 (2): 4-41, 2004.Celce-Murcia, M.; Brinton, D.M.; Goodwin, J.M.; Grainer, B. Teaching pronunciation: a course book and reference guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.Chan, S. Complex Adaptative Systems. Research Seminar in Engineering Systems. October 31, 2001/November 6, p. 1-9, 2001.DOVE, L. How does a forest fire benefit living things? DISPONÍVEL em https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/how-forest-fire-benefit-living-things-2.htm. ACESSO em 18/02/2019.MAJOR, R. C. Transfer in second language phonology. In: EDWARDS, J. G. H; ZAMPINI, M. L. Phonology and Second Language Acquisition. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2008.SCHMICHECK, J. V. Produção de taps e laterais do PB por falantes de kreyòl. Relatório de Pesquisa de Iniciação Científica. Inédito. Universidade Federal do Paraná. 2018.Silva, A.H.P. Caracterização acústica de [r], [ɾ], [l] e [ʎ] nos dados de um informante paulistano. Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos, 37:51-6, 1999.Silva, A. H. P. As fronteiras entre fonética e fonologia e a alofonia dos róticos iniciais em PB: dados de dois informantes do sul do país. Tese de doutorado. Inédita. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. 2002.Silva, A.H.P. Uma ferramenta para o ensino do acento primário do PB para falantes nativos do crioulo haitiano. Organon, 30 (58): 175-191, 2015.Tardieu, G.M. Gramè Kreyòl. Kopivit-Laksyon Sosyal, 2013. Recebido em 18-02-2019.Aceito em 21-02-2019.
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Thoreson, Nick, Alexander Rand, Carmen Sarita-Reyes, et al. "Accounting for improved prostate cancer mortality outcomes in Haitian men: A histological analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (2017): e16557-e16557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e16557.
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e16557 Background: In a previous wide-ranging study on the outcomes of prostate cancer patients at a safety-net hospital, we discovered significantly improved mortality outcomes for Haitian Creole prostate cancer patients compared to all other languages spoken, including black English speakers, with p = 0.017 [Rand, AE, et al., Clin Genitourin Cancer. (6):455-60 (2014)]. In order to assess any molecular indications that could be contributing to this finding, we performed a histological analysis of prostate cancer specimens, comparing black English-speaking patients to Haitian Creole patients. Methods: We sampled prostatectomies from 34 black English-speaking patients and 38 black Haitian Creole-speaking patients, taken between December 2011 and June 2015. In addition to primary and secondary Gleason scores, extraprostatic extension (EPE), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and perineural invasion (PNI), we observed any small amounts of grade 5 tissue present for the tertiary Gleason score. Finally, we analyzed the presence of acute and chronic inflammation and inflammatory severity. A chi square analysis was used to compare the categories between the Haitian and non-Haitian sets, with a probability less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: While the null hypothesis was confirmed for primary, secondary, and total Gleason scores, 23.7% of the Haitian samples had a tertiary Gleason score of 5, compared to only 6.3% of non-Haitian samples (p = 0.046). The two populations exhibited similar rates of EPE (p = 0.719), SVI (p = 0.884), and PNI (p = 0.597), with no LVI apparent in any sample. No significant trends were noted in acute vs. chronic inflammation (p = 0.402) or severity of inflammation (p = 0.601). Conclusions: Samples taken from Haitian Creole-speaking patients had a significantly higher rate of grade 5 tertiary Gleason tissue than the non-Haitian patient samples. The presence of a tertiary Gleason score indicates a higher risk of metastasis, yet the Haitian samples do not reveal a greater rate of extraprostatic invasion. Further studies investigating underlying health factors among Haitian patients might be useful in accounting for improved patient outcomes.
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Lefebvre, Claire. "Multifunctionality and Variation Among Grammars." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 13, no. 1 (1998): 93–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.13.1.04lef.
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A multifunctional item is a lexical item that has more than one function. This paper argues that the determiner of Haitian and Fongbe is a multifunctional head. It can appear as the head of several functional category projections, namely, DP, MoodP, TP, and AspP. Given the Projection Principle, how can a single functional item appear as the head of different functional category projections? My account of the multifunctional character of such functional items is twofold. First, multifunctional heads lack categorial features. Second, the category of the projection of a multifunctional head is determined by its complements. It is expected that a multifunctional item will be the object of variation among speakers. The data analyzed in this paper are drawn from a sample of speakers of both languages. Two clear patterns emerge which I will refer to as grammar 1 (which includes speakers of both Haitian and Fongbe) and grammar 2 (which also includes speakers of both Haitian and Fongbe). The striking fact about these data is that the same cluster of properties distinguish grammar 1 from grammar 2 in both Haitian and Fongbe.
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Valdez, Juan R. "La regimentación lingüística en un escenario transnacional." Language Problems and Language Planning 38, no. 2 (2014): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.38.2.03val.
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Este análisis se centra en los procesos de construcción de las fronteras etnolingüísticas de los dos estados-nación que comparten la isla de La Española. En el contexto del siglo XX, los políticos y los filólogos dominicanos unieron sus esfuerzos para crear una tupida red de escuelas que tenían el español como idioma de instrucción, prohibir el uso del creole, cambiar el nombre francés o creole de numerosos lugares por otro nombre en español, y producir un corpus de textos que describieran y representaran el adecuado panorama lingüístico dominicano. Las prácticas de alfabetización y las prácticas discursivas estaban empeñadas en el propósito de hispanizar las comunidades fronterizas. Mi acercamiento a la transformación sociopolítica de esta región cursa a través del análisis de las representaciones de las prácticas del discurso y las correspondientes políticas lingüísticas del Estado dominicano hacia las comunidades bilingües y multiculturales en los años treinta y cuarenta del pasado siglo. En el examen de estos problemas interrelacionados, aplico las herramientas analíticas provenientes de la investigación sobre el discurso lingüístico y las ideologías del lenguaje (Arnoux y Del Valle, 2010; Irvine y Gal, 2000; Woolard, 2008) y las perspectivas de los estudios de frontera (Wilson y Donnan, 2012; Houtum y Naerssen, 2002). Mi pregunta básica es si, en el caso de la frontera dominicano-haitiana en el siglo XX, la diferencia lingüística se representó en el discurso metalingüístico con el doble propósito de crear una identidad dominico-hispánica y avasallar las identidades dominico-haitianas que arraigaban en aquel entonces.
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Valdman, Albert, and Kate Howe. "Haitian Creole Newspaper Reader." Modern Language Journal 76, no. 3 (1992): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/330186.
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D�chaine, Rose-Marie, and Victor Manfredi. "Binding domains in Haitian." Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 12, no. 2 (1994): 203–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00993145.
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Michael W. Merriam and Translated by Wynnie Lamour. "“Haitian Is My Language”: A Conversation with Frankétienne." World Literature Today 89, no. 2 (2015): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7588/worllitetoda.89.2.0022.
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Schieffelin, Bambi B., and Rachelle Charlier Doucet. "The “real” Haitian creole." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 2, no. 3 (1992): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.2.3.15sch.
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Lefebvre, Claire. "Instrumental Take-Serial Constructions in Haitian and in Fon." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 34, no. 3 (1989): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100013499.
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Since the paper by Jansen et al (1978), it is a well-known fact that serializing languages divide into two major groups: those which have Take-serial constructions and those which don’t. Haitian creole has Take-serial constructions, as exemplified in (l):(1)Jan pran kabrit ale nan macheJohn take goat go in market‘John brought the goat in the market.’Among the languages which have Take-serial constructions, languages further divide into two groups: those which have instrumental Take constructions and those which do not. An example of an instrumental Take-serial construction is provided in (2). In these constructions, the subject of the second verb is interpreted as the instrument of the complex predicate formed by the series of verbs.
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Fonseca Suárez, Carlos. "Viral Events: Epidemiology, Ecology and the Outbreak of Modern Sovereignty // Eventos virales: Epidemiología, ecología y la irrupción de la soberanía moderna." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 8, no. 1 (2017): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2017.8.1.1058.
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Like most revolutionary processes, the history of the Haitian revolution has typically been narrated from the perspective of revolutionary heroes. Whether as the feat of Toussant L’Ouverture, Francois Macandal or Jean-Jacques Dessalaines, historians have often tried to encapsulate the revolution within the narrow margins of human causality. In this article, I attempt to sketch the contours of another possible history: an ecological history in which the feats of the revolutionary heroes give way to the radical power of nature. By focusing on the role that two epidemic phenomena—yellow fever and mesmerism—had within the revolution, I attempt to show how the emergence of an “epidemiological discourse” proved to be fundamental for imagining the outbreak of modern sovereignty as it occurred in Saint-Domingue. Drawing on the ecological history of the Greater Caribbean and the routes of exchange that determined the historical development of its radical environment, the article attempts to imagine what an ecocritical history of the revolutionary process could look like. It lays out a political cartography unlike that which one usually encounters in history books, following a mosquito in its route from Africa to America and retracing the way in which a European pseudo-science—mesmerism—arrived from France to America. The epidemiological discourse surrounding both yellow fever and mesmerism reveals the emergence of a new sociological language capable of figuring the crisis of imperial modes of sovereignty as well as the emergence of new modes of radical subjectivity. Departing from the works Deleuze and Guattari, but also in dialogue with recent debates in ecocriticism, the significance of the Haitian Revolution is reconsidered in its relationship to the emergence of sociology as a language capable of explaining the emergence of the modern political subject par excellence: the modern multitude. Resumen Como la mayoría de los procesos revolucionarios, la historia de la revolución haitiana usualmente ha sido narrada desde la perspectiva histórica de los héroes revolucionarios. Ya sea como la épica de Toussant L’Ouverture, Francois Macandal o Jean-Jacques Dessalaines, los historiadores han intentado encapsular la revolución dentro de los márgenes de la causalidad humana. En este artículo, intento esbozar los contornos de otra posible historia: una historia ecológica en la que las hazañas de los héroes revolucionarios ceden el escenario al poder radical de la naturaleza. Mediante una articulación del rol que dos fenómenos epidémicos—la fiebre amarilla y el mesmerismo—tuvieron dentro de la revolución, intento demostrar cómo la aparición de un “discurso epidemiológico” demostró ser fundamental en el proceso de crisis de soberanía imperial que ocurrió en Saint-Domingue. Investigando tanto la historia ecológica del Gran Caribe como las rutas de intercambio que determinaron la radicalización de su atmósfera política, el artículo intenta imaginar una historia ecocrítica del proceso revolucionario. A través de una cartografía de las rutas transatlánticas de circulación de un mosquito, así como del desembarco en América de una pseudociencia—el mesmerismo—el artículo esboza una historiografía política distinta. Se escudriña el discurso epidemiológico que giraba en torno tanto a la fiebre amarilla como al mesmerismo en relación con el surgimiento de un nuevo discurso sociológico capaz de representar la crisis de los modelos imperiales de soberanía y el surgimiento de nuevas subjetividades radicales. Partiendo de los trabajos de Deleuze y Guattari, pero también en conversación con los recientes debates sobre la ecocrítica, el significado de la Revolución Haitiana es reconsiderado en relación con el surgimiento de la sociología como el idioma del sujeto moderno por excelencia: la multitud.
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Lumsden, John S. "On the Distribution of Determiners in Haitian Creole." Revue québécoise de linguistique 18, no. 2 (2009): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602654ar.
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Abstract The paper provides more precise data on the distribution of determiners in Haitian creole. It proposes that there are two independent constraints on the distribution of these functional categories. In Haitian, as in English, Hungarian, Turkish and Hebrew, a specific determiner is necessary to the realization of genitive Case. Moreover there is a general constraint on processing which forbids the insertion of two identical functional category signals in a linear sequence. This processing constraint can be seen in at least on other language (Fon).
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Deprez, Viviane. "Raising constructions in Haitian Creole." Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 10, no. 2 (1992): 191–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00133812.
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Lefebvre, Claire. "Relexification in Creole Genesis." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 12, no. 2 (1997): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.12.2.02lef.
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The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, I present a formal representation of the process of relexification hypothesized to play a role in the formation of creole languages. Second, I show how this process operates on the basis of a subset of Haitian data.
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Helgesson, Stefan, and Christina Kullberg. "Translingual Events." Journal of World Literature 3, no. 2 (2018): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00302002.
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Abstract This article outlines a theory of world literary reading that takes language and the making of boundaries between languages as its point of departure. A consequence of our discussion is that world literature can be explored as uneven translingual events that make linguistic tensions manifest either at the micro level of the individual text or at the macro level of publication and circulation—or both. Two case studies exemplify this. The first concerns an episode in the institutionalization of Shakespeare as a global canonical figure in 1916, with a specific focus on the South African writer Sol Plaatje’s Setswana contribution to A Book of Homage to Shakespeare. The second case discusses how Edwidge Danticat’s novel The Farming of Bones (1998) evokes the bodily and affective charge of boundary-making by troubling the border between Haitian and Dominican speech.
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Toledo Vega, Gloria, and Francisco Quilodrán. "Análisis de necesidades de aprendientes haitianos: diseño, validación y aplicación del instrumento." Lengua y migración 12, no. 1 (2020): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/lym.12.1.2020.1043.
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En este estudio se diseña, valida y aplica un instrumento de análisis de necesidades para implementar mejoras en la enseñanza–aprendizaje de español como lengua extranjera entre adultos haitianos en Chile. Su aporte consiste en la conformación de un set de ítems que exploran las necesidades, intereses y estilos de aprendizaje de la mencionada comunidad de aprendientes. El instrumento contempla siete dimensiones que permiten indagar sobre el conocimiento de la lengua meta, la valoración del español, las características del profesor ideal de ELE, la organización y el ambiente de la clase, los estilos de aprendizaje, la evaluación y la motivación para estudiar español entre los haitianos. Aplicado el análisis de necesidades a un grupo de 113 aprendientes, validamos el instrumento en cuanto a su consistencia interna, para que pueda ser aplicado a posteriores grupos de aprendientes haitianos que reciben clases de ELE en Chile. Finalmente, resumimos los resultados del análisis de los 113 informantes, aportando sugerencias didácticas de acuerdo a los datos aportados por nuestro instrumento.
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Valdman, Albert, Anne-José Villeneuve, and Jason F. Siegel. "On the influence of the standard norm of Haitian Creole on the Cap Haïtien dialect." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 30, no. 1 (2015): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.30.1.01val.
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Among French-based creoles, Haitian Creole has the highest degree of standardization, with a written norm, Standard Haitian Creole (SHC), based on Port-au-Prince monolinguals’ speech. To evaluate the influence of SHC on regional varieties, we conducted, in and around Cap Haïtien, a sociolinguistic study of Northern Haitian Creole (Capois). In addition to stereotypical features such as the possessive kin a + pronoun (vs. SHC pa + pronoun), we uncovered several Capois features still in widespread use in Northern Haiti. In this article, we focus on the most frequently occurring variable, the third person singular pronoun (3sg), which alternates between SHC li/l, and Capois i/y. We show that SHC li has yet to replace Capois i, which is preferred by a large proportion of community members. For both the rural and urban populations, this variable is conditioned by syntactic and phonological factors. Despite shared tendencies, urban speakers’ lower rate of Capois variant use and stronger phonological conditioning may be due to their greater exposure to speakers from other areas of Haiti, and to closer contact with the standard. Although most speakers, especially older ones, recognized SHC’s higher prestige, they evidenced more positive attitudes toward their own speech.
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Machry da Silva, Susiele. "Aprendizagem do português por imigrantes haitianos: percepção das consoantes liquidas /l/ e /ɾ/". Ilha do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies 70, № 3 (2017): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2017v70n3p47.
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This article deals with the acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese as an additional language by Haitian immigrants, more specifically with regard to the perception of liquid consonants / l / and / r / in the intervocalic position, in forms such as pala, mala, Sara. A total of 14 resident Haitian immigrants, at the time of the survey, in the city of Pato Branco-PR, with a mean age of 30.07 (SD = 4.98), were all male. The discussion of the data is based on the theoretical assumptions of the Phonological Acquisition of L2 (FLEGE, 1995; BEST, TYLER, 2007) and the results show a tendency towards the assimilation process, ie without the separate categorization of / l / and / R / . There is also a positive effect of the course time and the fact that the informant resides here with his Haitian family, with better performance for those who attend longer courses and reside here with their family.