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Journal articles on the topic 'Halbi language'
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Chimirala, Uma Maheshwari. "Towards a convivial tool for narrative assessment: Adapting MAIN to Gondi (Dantewada, India), Halbi and Hindi for Gondi- and Halbi-Hindi speaking bilinguals." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 64 (August 31, 2020): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.64.2020.561.
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 This paper presents the adaptation of MAIN to Gondi (Dantewada), Halbi and Hindi for Gondi-Hindi and Halbi-Hindi bilinguals. The Gondi and Halbi communities and the context in which Gondi-Hindi and Halbi-Hindi bilingual children are growing up are described, and the adaptation process is outlined together with its theoretical underpinnings. Finally, results from a study of 54 Halbi-Hindi bilinguals from Grade 3 (Mean age = 8.5 years), Grade 5 (Mean age = 10.9 years) and Grade 7 (Mean age = 12.9 years) are presented. The results showed that, for the macrostructure of Grade 3 and Grade 5, L1 retelling was significantly better than L2 retelling, though this pattern was not found in Grade 7 where the performance was at the same level across languages for retelling. Narrative macrostructure was consistently higher in tellings than in the retellings regardless of languages and grades.
 
 
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Krupnova, Nataliya Aleksandrovna. "WORD-FORMING AND SEMANTIC POTENTIAL OF THE WORD “HALB” IN THE GERMAN LANGUAGE." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 5 (May 2019): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2019.5.61.
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Hostetler, Margaret. "The characterized reader in Hali Meiðhad and the resisting reader of feminist discourse on medieval devotional texts." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 6, no. 1 (2005): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.6.1.05hos.
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What has emerged from much recent feminist analysis of medieval devotional literature is a model of reading based on a theorized resistance by the female reader to the misogyny of the medieval text. Yet this model of reading limits opportunities for positive communication between text and reader. This article offers an analysis of readers characterized in Hali Meiðhad through the use of parenthetical honorifics and direct address to argue that features encoded to entice reader participation or cue certain reader responses are more complex than has been noted and move beyond any unproblematic notion of avoidable misogyny. The description of narrative shifts in this discussion relies on Deictic Shift Theory to illustrate how the author of Hali Meiðhad explicitly shifts his readers from identification with one reader-character to another over the course of the epistle, enabling his readers to position themselves self-consciously in relation to various Christian identities.
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Tirosh, Yoav. "Scolding the Skald: The Construction of Cultural Memory in Morkinskinna’s Sneglu-Halla þáttr." European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 47, no. 1 (2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2017-0001.
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AbstractAround the year 1060, the misbehaving Icelandic skald Sneglu-Halli arrives at the court of king Haraldr harðráði and manages to provoke the king and his fellow courtiers, yet he leaves a richer and more successful man as a result. A literary analysis of
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FLETCHER, ALAN J. "THE DANCING VIRGINS OF HALI MEIDHAD." Notes and Queries 40, no. 4 (1993): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/40-4-437.
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Razali, Muhammad Syahrial. "RASIONALITAS ALQURAN DALAM TAFSIR AN-NUR: STUDI PENAFSIRAN SURAH AL-NISÂ’ [4]: 1." MUTAWATIR 6, no. 1 (2018): 179–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/mutawatir.2016.6.1.179-205.
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The Islamic scholars seems to impose the “discriminative” standard over the exegesis sanad (chain of narrators), where they accepts it loosely without restricted requirements as applied in ḥadîth sanad. It is basically caused by the character of Qur’an itself as revealed in Arabic language, which is naturally resulting in the domination of reasoning (‘aql) in interpreting and explaining its meanings (rational exegesis). But the problem here is when some rationalists scholars easily refused the authentic ḥadîth just because it is in contrary to their reasoning or principles, even though the ḥadîth undoubtedly has a significant role in interpreting the Qur’an. This paper attempts to analyze the exegesis thought of Teungku Muhammad Hasbi as appeared in his book of tafsir named “Tafsir An-Nur” through his explanation of the first verses of surah al-Nisâ’; and to know to what extend his thought was influenced by rationalists. By using an analytical method, this research found that the thought of Teungku Muhammad Hasbi was influenced by rationalist scholars in interpreting the Qur’an because of deep relationship established between him and them
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Natarajan, U. "NICHOLAS HALMI, The Genealogy of the Romantic Symbol." Notes and Queries 56, no. 3 (2009): 464–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjp096.
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LEE, AMY PEI-JUNG. "Lexical categories and conceptualization of olfaction in Amis." Language and Cognition 7, no. 3 (2014): 321–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2014.32.
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abstractAs one of the Austronesian languages spoken in Taiwan, Amis exhibits abundant lexical items for describing odors. This paper investigates the lexical representations of olfaction across the Amis dialects, showing that Amis possesses more than a dozen abstract odor terms, and uses the proclitic hala=/hali=/ha= plus reduplication of a noun as the source-oriented construction for manifesting olfactory perception. This study also incorporates controlled elicitation by using the booklet of ‘The Smell Identification Test™’ to elicit spontaneous descriptions for the perceived odors. The methodology provides further information to shed light on the categories of verbal responses for odors and the degree of perceptual consistency based on culturally dependent experiences.
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Kołos, Anna. "Między poczuciem wyższości cywilizacyjnej a autoidentyfikacją, między rasą a narodem. Polska i Chiny w drugiej połowie XIX wieku." Przegląd Humanistyczny 62, no. 3 (462) (2018): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7691.
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The article discusses, on the one hand, three stages of developing views about race and superiority of European civilization reflected in the second half of the 19th century in aggressive social-Darwinism of positivists, and on the other it confronts racial generalizations with nation-centered thinking, which played an extremely important role in identity discourse of the Poles. On the example of China and the Siberian-Chinese borderland, it can be noticed that perception of geography and the ethnic diversity in the world through the prism of great historiosophical and racial constructions is manifested in quite widespread adaptation of orientalizing language of the hegemon speaking about backwardness, lack of maturity for modernization and definite supremacy of Europe, while resistance to the oppression of the partitioners, and more broadly to the colonial policy of the European powers allows in Poland, contemptuously called Halb-Asien, like in the case of Indians and Boers, creating a kind of auto-colonial identification with the seemingly “exotic” nation.
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Chao, Chung-yi, and Sa-hui Fan. "The Effects of Integrating Board Games into Ice-breaking Activities in a Fifth-Grade English Class to Reduce Students’ Anxieties." English Language Teaching 13, no. 9 (2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n9p40.
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Elementary-level English teachers in Taiwan were facing problems caused by students’ bimodal distribution of English achievements. Many of the teachers tried new teaching tools to eliminate the obstacles of teaching. This study was based on a quasi-experimental research design and supplemented by qualitative feedback to explore how the new teaching method, ice-breaking board games, could reduce students’ anxieties of learning English. The researchers combined popular board games, Halli Galli and Alles Tomate, with English words and sentences in ice-breaking activities for 10 weeks in two fifth-grade English classes in Taiwan. Forty-eight fifth-grade students were invited to participate in the study and randomly divided into two equal-sized classes. One class was selected as the experimental group, and the other as the control group. The study lasted for 10 weeks. The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) developed by Horwitz et al. (1986) was employed as the instrument to measure students’ English learning anxieties. Quantitative data were analyzed by using independent-sample and paired-sample t-tests as well as descriptive statistics, whereas qualitative data (which included the participating students’ feedback and teacher’s reflection notes) were analyzed through content analysis. The research findings suggested that integrating board games in English teaching as ice-breaking activities did not effectively reduce students’ overall foreign language anxiety. However, the descriptive statistics and qualitative data revealed that the constructs of anxiety for both groups had changed in opposite directions, and ice-breaking board games appeared to be more impactful in reducing certain aspects of anxiety construct, namely, communication apprehension.
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Miklaszewska, Joanna. "Inspiracje Moniuszkowskie w muzyce XX wieku. Opera Pomsta Jontkowa Bolesława Wallek Walewskiego." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio L – Artes 15, no. 1 (2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/l.2017.15.1.59.
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<p>Bolesław Wallek Walewski był jedną z czołowych postaci krakowskiego życia muzycznego w okresie międzywojennym. Do jego najwybitniejszych dzieł należy opera <em>Pomsta Jontkowa</em>, której libretto jest kontynuacją <em>Halki</em> Stanisława Moniuszki. W artykule scharakteryzowano muzyczne związki pomiędzy obu operami, widoczne m.in. we wprowadzeniu przez Wallek Walewskiego cytatów motywów z <em>Halki</em>, a także wskazano różnice stylistyczne między obydwoma dziełami. Wyznaczają je trzy elementy: warstwa językowa librett, główne założenia dramaturgiczne oraz styl muzyczny. Libretto <em>Halki</em> napisane zostało przez W. Wolskiego bez aluzji do elementów gwarowych, natomiast B. Wallek Walewski w libretcie <em>Pomsty Jontkowej</em> wykorzystał w szerokim zakresie gwarę podhalańską. W przeciwieństwie do <em>Halki</em>, osią dramatu Wallek Walewskiego jest motyw zemsty górala na możnych panach. Styl muzyczny opery Walewskiego wykazuje pokrewieństwo z muzyką Wagnera, z nurtem muzycznego folkloryzmu (poprzez nawiązanie do folkloru podhalańskiego), oraz impresjonizmu. W artykule poruszono ponadto problem recepcji dzieła. <em>Pomsta Jontkowa</em> była najbardziej znanym i często wystawianym w Polsce dziełem operowym krakowskiego kompozytora. Jej prapremiera odbyła się w Teatrze Wielkim w Poznaniu w 1926 roku. Na przełomie lat dwudziestych i trzydziestych opera ta cieszyła się w Polsce dużą popularnością, wystawiły ją także inne teatry operowe w kraju (z wyjątkiem sceny warszawskiej). Po II wojnie światowej <em>Pomstę Jontkową</em> wystawiła Opera Wrocławska.</p><p>SUMMARY</p><p>Born in Lvov but fi rst of all associated with the musical circles in Krakow, Bolesław Wallek Walewski (1885-1944) referred to one of Stanisław Moniuszko’s most famous operas – <em>Halka</em> [Helen] – when composing his own opera Pomsta Jontkowa [Jontek’s Vengeance] (1924). The contemporaries regarded Halka and Pomsta Jontkowa as a series. Both operas share common elements: <em>Halka</em> (Warsaw version) and <em>Pomsta Jontkowa</em> are four-act operas, the same characters appear in their librettos (Jontek, Zofia), and in both works the confl icts between the gentry and the peasants are highly important. The musical connections between the operas are evidenced by Walewski’s use of the leading motifs. Moreover, both in <em>Halka</em> and in <em>Pomsta Jontkowa</em>, there are highlanders’ dances. Walewski also includes melodies from Halka into his work.</p><p>The principal difference between the two operas is determined by three elements: the language of the librettos, the main dramatic assumptions, and the musical style. The libretto of <em>Halka</em> was written by Włodzimierz Wolski (1824-1882) without references to dialectal elements whereas Walewski liberally used the Podhale highlanders’ dialect in his libretto. Moreover, unlike <em>Halka</em>, which emphasizes the personal experiences of the main heroine and social confl icts, the axis of Walewski’s drama is the motif of the highlander’s revenge on the wealthy lords. The musical style of <em>Pomsta Jontkowa</em> shows, on the one hand, a similarity with Richard Wagner’s music (harmony, instrumentation, and the way of treatment of leitmotifs), while on the other – a similarity to the trend of musical folklorism and impressionism. An innovative idea is the combination of impressionist features with the stylization of highlanders’ folklore.</p><p><em>Pomsta Jontkowa</em> was the best known opera of the Krakow composer in Poland in the nineteen-twenties and thirties, and at the same time it was one of the most original Polish operas of the interwar period. It combines traditional elements with modern ones, and it is an expression of the late inspirations by Wagnerian music and esthetics in Polish music, as well as referring to the best traditions of the Polish national opera.</p>
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Ferenc, Mitja. "Das Schicksal der deutschen Sprachminderheit in Slowenien." Linguistica 60, no. 2 (2020): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.60.2.227-243.
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Mit dem Zerfall der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie fand sich eine halbe Million Personen mit Deutsch als Muttersprache im neugegründeten jugoslawischen Staat wieder. Der kleinere Teil, rund 30.000, lebte im Jahr 1931 auf dem Gebiet des heutigen Slowenien, wo diese Menschen 2,5 % der Bevölkerung darstellten. Sie waren in wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Hinsicht der stärkste und am besten organisierte Teil der deutschen Sprachminderheit. Obwohl der Umfang der Rechte, die die Deutschen im Vergleich zu den übrigen Sprachminderheiten genossen, am größten war, waren diese immer von der jeweiligen Politik der jugoslawischen Regierungen abhängig.
 Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nutzten die neuen jugoslawischen Behörden die Ethnozid-Besatzungspolitik des deutschen Staates und vor allem die Mitwirkung eines Teils der Angehörigen der deutschen Minderheit an dieser Politik für die endgültige Auseinandersetzung mit den Deutschen aus. Zunächst wurden sie in Konzentrationslager gebracht und danach aus dem Staat vertrieben, wobei ihr Vermögen konfisziert wurde. Einige Hundert wurden außergerichtlich liquidiert. Die Auseinandersetzung mit den Deutschen in der Nachkriegszeit war so heftig, dass in Slowenien nur noch „verstreute Reste“ der Minderheit übrigblieben. Auf der Grundlage der Volkszählungen wird belegt, dass die Anzahl der Deutschen und Österreicher bzw. der Personen mit Deutsch als Muttersprache niemals wieder an nicht einmal ein Zehntel der Anzahl vor dem Krieg heranreichte. Neben der kleinen Anzahl zählen zu den weiteren Merkmalen der deutschsprachigen Volksgruppe ihre territoriale Zerstreuung, ihr Nicht-Autochthonismus, ihre hohe Umzugsfrequenz und auch eine spezifische, vom slowenischen Durchschnitt abweichende Bevölkerungsstruktur.
 Bei der letzten Volkszählung im Jahr 2002 wurden nur 963 Personen mit Deutsch als Muttersprache gezählt. Nach dem Kriterium der Nationalität gab es 181 Österreicher und 499 Deutsche. Nach den demokratischen Veränderungen im Jahr 1990 wurden mehrere deutsche Vereine gegründet. Die Erwartungen der Republik Österreich bezüglich der verfassungsrechtlichen Anerkennung der deutschen Minderheit in Slowenien regelten die Staaten im Jahr 2001 mit einem Kulturabkommen. Mit diesem Abkommen sind weder die deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft in Slowenien noch die Republik Österreich zufrieden, weil sie eine verfassungsrechtliche Anerkennung der deutschen Sprachminderheit in Slowenien und Rechte erwarten, die mit denen der italienischen und ungarischen Minderheit vergleichbar wären.
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Joseph, Brian D., and Rex E. Wallace. "Is Faliscan a Local Latin Patois?" Diachronica 8, no. 2 (1991): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.8.2.02jos.
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SUMMARY Faliscan clearly shows affinities with Latin, but the exact nature of the relationship between the two languages has not met with complete acceptance. Some scholars treat Faliscan as nothing more than a 'rural dialect' of Latin, though the inexactness of the designation 'dialectal Latin' makes this characterization problematic.Moreover, it is demonstrated here that the various features that are claimed to link Faliscan and non-Roman Latin to the exclusion of the Latin of the city of Rome are all rather late in their appearance in Faliscan, while a few very early features are to be found that unite Faliscan with all of Latinity. At the same time, though, there are significant isoglosses separating Faliscan from all Latin dialects, Roman and non-Roman. The conclusion to be drawn is that Faliscan is a separate language from Latin and not a dialect of Latin, though it is closest sibling to Latin in the Italic family tree. RÉSUMÉ La question du rapport génétique entre le latin et le falisque est examinée ici à la lumière de la méthodologie comparative et au modèle dialectologique du 'Stammbaum'. Il est démontré que le falisque n'est pas un dialect rurale du latin, comme l'on a proposé encore tout récemment, à la base de trois faits: bien des characteristiques qui se retrouvent dans les deux langues n'apparaissent que très tard dans la tradition falisque; il y a aussi des vieilles innovations qui unifient les deux; et il y a des isoglosses qui séparent le falisque de tous les dialectes latins — ceux de Rome aussi bien que les autres. Le falisque est une langue liée au latin mais à la même fois il n'est pas equivalent à un vrais dialecte latin. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In diesem Aufsatz wird das Verhaltnis des Lateinischen mit dem Falis-kischen untersucht. Die Autoren fiïhren den Beweis, daß das Faliskische keine lateinische Mundart, und zwar aus den folgenden drei Griinden: Ers tens erscheinen viele Eigenschaften, die sich in beiden Sprachen finden fassen, erst sehr spät im Faliskischen. Zweitens gibt es sehr alte Neuerungen, die beide Sprachen gemeinsam haben, und drittens gibt es einige Neuerungen im Faliskischen, die es von alien lateinischen Mundarten, sowohl solchen inner-halb als auch außerhalb Roms, trennen. Das Faliskische ist demnach eine Sprache, die einerseits mit dem Lateinischen verwandt, andererseits aber auch von ihm deutlich abgesetzt ist.
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Fagan, David S. "Notes on Diachronic Nasalization in Portuguese." Diachronica 5, no. 1-2 (1988): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.5.1-2.07fag.
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SUMMARY Diachronic nasalization in Portuguese is realized as three sound changes; one of these is analyzed here, deletion of AN/ within the word (NP2). Most of the literature pertinent to this topic concerns phonetics and only one detailed theory of the sound change has been proposed (Nobiling 1903). Viana's phonetic analysis (1892) of syllable-final nasals has been regarded by many as doctrine but instrumental analyses reveal a more complex situation. In this paper a diachronic theory for European Portuguese is proposed which links /-N/ deletion to gliding; this theory is supported by certain changes in Gascon and Canadian French. RÉSUMÉ La nasalisation diachronique en portugais se manifeste en trois changements phonologiques; dans cet article, seulement le cas de la chute des consonnes nasales à l'intérieur du mot (NP2) est analysée. La plupart des études consacrées à ce sujet concerne la phonétique et seulement une théorie en détail du NP2 a été proposée par Nobiling (1903). Beaucoup ont regardé l'étude phonétique de Viana (1892) de ce cas comme doctrine mais la phonétique instrumentale révèle une situation plus complexe. On propose ici une théorie diachronique pour le portugais européen que lie la chute des nasales à l'insertion des semi-consonnes; cette interprétation s'est confirmée par certains changements des nasales du gascon et du français canadien. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die historische Nasalierung im Portugiesischen zeigt sich in der Form von drei phonologischen Veränderungen; eine davon, nämlich der Schwund der nasalen Konsonanten im Wortinnern (NP2), wird hier behandelt. Die Mehrzahl der diesem Phänomen gewidmeten Studien widmen sich der rein phonetischen Seite; allein Nobiling (1903) schlug eine detaillierte Theorie von NP2 vor. Viele betrachteten Vianas phonetische Studie dJ. 1892 als verläB-liche Lehre hierzu, jedoch ergeben instrumental-phonetische Analysen ein viel komplexeres Bild. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird eine Hypothese ftir das euro-pâische Portugiesisch aufgestellt, die den Schwund von /-N/ mit den Halb-vokalen verknupft; eine solche Hypothese wird durch Shnliche Verânderungen im Gaskonischen und kanadischen Französisch gestützt.
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Mutiara, Rika. "Adverbs In Expressions of Disagreement: a Corpus Study." Buletin Al-Turas 24, no. 1 (2018): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v24i1.7017.
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This study examined the occurrences of expressions of disagreement in the textbook and corpora namely Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and British National Corpus (BNC). Besides, this study scrutinized the concordance lines in which disagreement occur to obtain other language functions that were usually used together in expressions of disagreement. It also studied the used of adverbs in expressions of disagreement. They were categorized based on semantic categories develop by Biber, et al. (1999). Some expressions of disagreement given in the textbook were not found in BNC. The findings from the corpora showed that the speakers tend to give opinions and reasons in stating disagreement. They, moreover, showed direct respect to the interlocutors in order to manage the relationship. These language functions were not found in the expressions of disagreement in the textbook. The adverbs that belonged to the categories of degree and stance were more salient than any other categories. The adverbs intensified the level of disagreement and represent speakers’ certainty. Furthermore, the adverbs indicate speakers’ attitude toward the issues of disagreement. It seemed that adverbs played a role in stating disagreement. However, no expressions of disagreement in the textbook contained adverbs.---Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengecek kemunculan ungkapan yang digunakan untuk menyatakan tidak setuju di buku teks dan korpus. Korpus tersebut adalah Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) dan British National Corpus (BNC). Selain itu, penelitian ini mengkaji ungkapan lain yang biasanya muncul ketika menyatakan tidak setuju dengan menganalisa baris konkordansi. Lebih dalam lagi, penelitian ini menganalisa adverbial yang muncul dalam ungkapan menyatakan tidak setuju. Adverbia dikategorikan berdasarkan klasifikasi yang dikembangkan oleh Biber, dkk (1999). Beberapa ungkapan yang muncul di buku teks tidak ditemukan di BNC. Penutur cenderung memberikan pendapat dan alasan ketika menyatakan tidak setuju. Mereka juga menunjukan sikap hormat kepada lawan bicaranya untuk menjaga hubungan. Hali seperti ini tidak ditemui di ungkapan menyatakan tidak setuju yang terdapat di buku teks. Adverbia yang berfungsi untuk menunjukan kadar dan kepastian dalam ungkapan tidak setuju merupakan fitur penting. Selain itu, adverbia yang merefleksikan sikap penutur juga menjadi fitur yang menonjol dalam menyatakan tidak setuju. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa adverbia memiliki peranan tersendiri ketika penutur menyatakan tidak setuju. Namun, semua ungkapan menyatakan tidak setuju di buku teks tidak memuat adverbia.DOI : 10.15408/bat.v24i1.7017
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Stein, Dieter. "Semantic Similarity between Categories as a Vehicle of Linguistic Change." Diachronica 5, no. 1-2 (1988): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.5.1-2.02ste.
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SUMMARY The paper discusses three instances of linguistic change from the history of English which seem to involve semantic similarity between linguistic categories in the pattern of internal evolution. One case concerns the generalization of a personal ending within the same person category across number categories. The second one deals with the transfer of a syntactic strategy from one person category to a semantically similar one, also involving the second person category, and the third example tries to account for the sequential diffusion of a syntactic innovation (rise of do periphrasis) through different types of w/z-question by appealing to a notion of semantic similarity to the original or most weighted context of the innovation (yes-no questions). It is argued that although semantic similarity defines directionalities of syntactic and morphological change, it is dependent on the operation of further forces, such as a motivation to generalize, to become operative in linguistic change. The paper includes a general discussion of theoretical difficulties associated with the notion 'similarity'. RÉSUMÉ L'expose discute trois cas de changement linguistique dans l'histoire de la langue anglaise dont I'évolution interne est caractérisée par des effets d'une dimension de ressemblance sémantique entre des catégories linguistiques. Le premier exemple concerne la généralisation d'un suffixe personnel d'une catégorie de nombre k l'autre au sein de la meme catégorie personnelle. Le deuxième se réfere k la transmission d'une stratégic syntaxique d'une categorie personnelle a un autre, qui lui ressemble sur le plan sémantique, en utilisant la deuxième personne. Dans le troisieme exemple donc il est essayé de qualifier la diffusion d'innovations syntaxiques, qui succèdent 1'un k l'autre (la naissance de la périphrase de do), k cause des types divers de questions partielles (qui commencent par wh) par une conception de ressemblance sémantique, de contexte de depart de l'innovation ou de contexte auquel est attachee l'importance la plus grande (questions totales). H est argumente que, bien que la ressemblance semantique determine les directionalites des changements syntaxiques et morphologiques, la ressemblance est en plus dependante d'autres facteurs (comme par exemple de la generalisation de la motivation) pour en effet declencher un procès de changment linguistique. L'expose traite egalement quelques difficultes theoriques qui resultent du concept psychologique de 'ressemblance'. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Aufsatz diskutiert drei Falle von Sprachwandel aus der Geschichte der englischen Sprache, deren interne Entwicklung sas Wirken einer Dimension semantischer Ahnlichkeit zwischen linguistischen Kategorien nahelegt. Das erste Beispiel betrifft die Generalisierung einer Personen-Endung inner-halb ein- und derselben Personenkategorie von einer Numeruskategorie zu einer anderen. Das zweite bezieht sich auf die Obertragung einer syntaktischen Strategic von einer Personenkategorie auf eine semantisch ahnliche unter Einbeziehung der zweiten Person. Im dritten Beispiel schließlich wird ver-sucht, die Diffusion von zeitlich aufeinanderfolgenden syntaktischen Innova-tionen (das Entstehen der doPeriphrase) durch die verschiedenen Typen von wh-Fragen durch ein Konzept semantischer Ahnlichkeit zum Ausgangskontext der innovation oder zum am starksten gewichteten Kontext zu erklaren (yes-no Fragen). Es wird argumentiert, daß, obwohl die semantische Ahnlichkeit die Direktionalitaten syntaktischer und morphologischer Veranderungen bestimmt, diese zusatzlich von weiteren Faktoren abhängig ist (wie z.B. von der Generalisierung der Motivation), um einen Sprachwandelprozess tatsachlich auszulosen. Der Aufsatz geht auch kurz auf die theoretischen Schwierigkeiten ein, die mit dem psychologischen Begriff 'Ahnlichkeit' verbunden sind.
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Ezzat, Heba Raouf. "Islam and Modernity." American Journal of Islam and Society 16, no. 3 (1999): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v16i3.2109.
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The relation between Islam and modernity is a controversial topic and draws theattention of both Mush and non-Muslim scholars. Islam and Modernity bringstogether the ideas of a number of contemporary modernist and liberal Muslimthinkers and examines their ideas, which attempt to respond to the challenges ofthe postcolonial situation. The book comprises a collection of articles that analyzethe thought of a wide variety of figures from North Africa, Egypt, Syria, Iran, andIndia and from both Sunni and Shi’i backgrounds. In so doing, it attempts to presenta new “map” that goes beyond the usual categorization of Islamic thoughtaccording to area, language, or school of thought. For the most part, these thinkerspostdate the early wave of “modernist” thinkers, such as Muhammad Abduh andRashid Rida, and often differ from them in their thought - particularly in theirapproach to the Qur’an, their evaluation of Islamic law, and their ideas on the connectionbetween Islam and politics.In his introduction, Derek Hopwood raises the central issue of the book, whichis how change can be integrated into society and particularly how the challenges ofmodernization can be integrated into Muslim societies. He argues that change iscaused by a variety of factors but that tension occuts when a traditional society ischallenged by the outside world, or when attempts are made to modernize it fromwithin. In the Islamic world, for example, it was the European influence, h u g hthe experience of colonization, that came to challenge the established ideas andcustoms, and raised the issue of “modernity” in the minds of intellectuals.Hopwood also hies to make a distinction between “modernization” and “modemity.”Whereas “modernization” refers to the artihcts of modem life (transport, communication,industry, technology, e&.) and is the general term used for the politicaland cultural processes initiated by the integration of new ideas and new economicsystems, “modemity” is a system of thought and a way of living in the contemporaryworld that is open to change.In the first chapter, Javed Majeed explores some appropriations of Europeanmodernity that appear in late nineteenth century Urdu literam and focuses on thework of two of the main proponents of the Aligarh Movement, Sayyid AhmadKhan (1817-1898) and Altaf Hussain Hali (1837-1914). The aim of the AligarhMovement was to enable the Muslim Urdu-speaking elite, which it repsented, toadjust to the realities of British power after the suppression of the Indian rebellionof 1857. Sayyid Ahmad Khan played a central role in the establishment of theMuhammadan AngIo-Oriental College in 1875 and was a key figure in defining“Islamic modernism” in India ...
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Güleç Şatır, Duygu, and Oya Kavlak. "Validity and reliability of Turkish version of “Paternal Antenatal Attachment Questionnaire”." Journal of Human Sciences 18, no. 1 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v18i1.6047.
Full textAbstract:
Objective:The study was carry out in order to evaluate the validity and reliability of Paternal-Antenatal Attachment Questionnaire.
 Method: Research was made with 155 expectant fathers who attended routine pregnancy controls with their partners in a obstetric and gynecology clinic in Izmir, were literate, aged 18 or older and without any health risk of fetus. Data were collected by information form and Paternal-Antenatal Attachment Questionnaire by developed Condon in 1993. İnitially the language validity of the scale was made by using the translation-back translation method with five experts. The Turkish version of the scale was presented to the opinion of ten experts using Davis technique for the content validity and content validity index was calculated. Factor structure was tested.by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In the confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling fit indices were examined.
 Findings: Content validity index of each item was determined to vary between .80–1.00. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, a two-factor structure explaining 36.54% of the total variance of the scale was determined. Factor loads vary between 0.41-0.84 in the one dimension and 0.30-0.82 in the another dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that this two-factor structure was appropriate (RMSEA 0.044, GFI 0.912, AGFI 0.880 χ2/df ise 1.298(p=0.025). The Cronbach’s alpha value of scale was 0.79.
 Conclusions: The two-factor structure of the scale, as “attachment quality” and “time spent of attachment mode” is valid and reliable for the use of expectant fathers’ Turkish society.
 Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.
 
 Özet
 Amaç: Araştırma “Paternal Antenatal Bağlanma Ölçeği”nin geçerlik ve güvenirliğini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
 Yöntem: Araştırma İzmir’de bir kadın doğum kliniğine, eşleriyle birlikte rutin gebelik kontrollerine katılan, okuma yazma bilen, 18 yaş üzeri ve fetüste herhangi sağlık riski bulunmayan 155 baba adayı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler sosyodemografik bilgi formu ve Condon tarafından 1993 tarihinde geliştirilmiş olan “Paternal Antenatal Bağlanma Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Öncelikle beş uzman ile çeviri-geri çeviri yöntemi kullanılarak ölçeğin dil geçerliği yapılmıştır. Türkçe son hali oluşturulmuş ölçek kapsam geçerliliği için Davis tekniği kullanılarak on alan uzmanın görüşüne sunulmuş ve kapsam geçerlik indeksi hesaplanmıştır. Açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin faktör yapısı değerlendirilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi için yapısal eşitlik modeli uyum indeksleri incelenmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirlik analizinde cronbach alfa güvenirlik katsayısı ve madde toplam kolelasyon değerleri hesaplanmıştır.
 Bulgular: Kapsam geçerlik indeksi sonucu her bir maddenin 0,80-1,00 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin toplam varyansının % 36.54’ünü açıklayan iki faktörlü bir yapı belirlenmiştir. Faktör yükleri ilk boyutta 0.41- 0.84 arasında değişirken diğer boyutta 0.30-0.82 değerleri arasında değişmektedir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi bu iki faktörlü yapının uygun olduğunu göstermiştir (RMSEA 0.044, GFI 0.912, AGFI 0.880 χ2/df ise 1.298(p=0.025). Ölçeğin Cronbach’s Alpha değeri 0.79 bulunmuştur.
 Sonuç: “Bağlanma kalitesi” ve “bağlanmaya yönelik geçirilen zaman” olmak üzere iki faktörlü yapıdan oluşan ölçek Türk toplumunda bebek bekleyen baba adaylarının kullanılması için geçerli ve güvenilirdir.
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"[PAN (HALAI)]." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 33, Supplement_38_Part_2 (1986): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.1986.tb01625.x.
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"ZEUS (HALAI)." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 33, Supplement_38_Part_3 (1986): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.1994.tb01845.x.
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"UNSPECIFIED (HALAI)." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 33, Supplement_38_Part_3 (1986): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.1994.tb01874.x.
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Zhang, Liqing. "Review of Krippendorff & Halabi (2020): Discourses in action: What language enables us to do." Journal of Language and Politics, March 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.21013.zha.
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"Inventions of the Imagination - Romanticism and Beyond. Eds. Richard T. Gray, Nicholas Halmi, Gary J. Handwerk, Michael A. Rosenthal and Klaus Vieweg. Seattle & London: University of Washington Press, 2011. 208 pp. 23.99/$35.00. ISBN 978-0295990996." Forum for Modern Language Studies 50, no. 1 (2013): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqt010.
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