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Journal articles on the topic 'Haldex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Galos, Krzysztof, and Jarosław Szlugaj. "Management of Hard Coal Mining and Processing Wastes in Poland." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 30, no. 4 (2014): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gospo-2014-0039.

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Streszczenie Odpady z górnictwa i przeróbki stanowią największą grupę odpadów przemysłowych wytwa- rzanych i deponowanych w Polsce. Odpady z górnictwa i przeróbki węgla kamiennego tradycyjnie stanowią najważniejszą ich grupę. Obecnie są one wytwarzane w ilościach rzędu 29-33 min Mg/r, przy wykorzystaniu gospodarczym rzędu 85%. Odpady powęglowe dzieli się na dwie główne grupy: odpady górnicze (do 20%) z górniczych prac przygotowawczych i udostępniających, oraz odpady przeróbcze: gruboziarniste ze wzbogacania w zawiesinowych cieczach ciężkich, drobnoziarniste ze wzbogacania w osadzarkach, bardzo

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Baik, Woonphil, Wanqiang Luan, Hyun Joo Lee, Cheol Hun Yoon, Sangho Koo, and Byeong Hyo Kim. "Efficient one-pot transformation of aminoarenes to haloarenes using halodimethylisulfonium halides generated in situ." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 3 (2005): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-026.

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Halodimethylsulfonium halide 1, which is readily formed in situ from hydrohaloic acid and DMSO, is a good nucleophilic halide. This activated nucleophilic halide rapidly converts aryldiazonium salt prepared in situ by the same hydrohaloic acid and nitrite ion to aryl chlorides, bromides, or iodides in good yield. The combined action of nitrite ion and hydrohaloic acid in DMSO is required for the direct transformation of aromatic amines, which results in the production of aryl halides within 1 h. Substituted compounds with electron-donating or -withdrawing groups or sterically hindered aromatic

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Kalnina, Daina, Karlis Agris Gross, Pavels Onufrijevs, et al. "The Antimicrobial Action of Silver Halides in Calcium Phosphate." Key Engineering Materials 631 (November 2014): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.631.384.

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Silver halides represent a yet unexplored avenue for imparting antimicrobial activity in calcium phosphates. Silver halide colloids were added to calcium phosphate. Concurrent melting of silver halides and crystallization of carbonated apatite was achieved by heating to increase the silver halide surface area available to bacteria.Pseudomonas aeruginosa were more sensitive to silver iodide and silver bromide than Staphylococcus aureus. Silver iodide demonstrated greater activity than silver bromide. Silver chloride did not produce an antibacterial response. Both amorphous calcium phosphate and

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4

Brian, Ptoton Mnangat, and Peter Musau. "Synthesis, Reactivity and Stability of Aryl Halide Protecting Groups towards Di-Substituted Pyridines." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 16, no. 1 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21177.

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This paper reports the synthesis and reactivity of different Benzyl derivative protecting groups. The synthesis and stability of Benzyl halides, 4-methoxybenzyl halides, 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl halides, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl halides, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl halide protecting groups and their reactivity towards nitrogen atom of a di-substituted pyridine ring in formation of pyridinium salts is also reported.

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5

Skitchenko, Rostislav K., Dmitrii Usoltsev, Mayya Uspenskaya, Andrey V. Kajava, and Albert Guskov. "Census of halide-binding sites in protein structures." Bioinformatics 36, no. 10 (2020): 3064–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa079.

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Abstract Motivation Halides are negatively charged ions of halogens, forming fluorides (F−), chlorides (Cl−), bromides (Br−) and iodides (I−). These anions are quite reactive and interact both specifically and non-specifically with proteins. Despite their ubiquitous presence and important roles in protein function, little is known about the preferences of halides binding to proteins. To address this problem, we performed the analysis of halide–protein interactions, based on the entries in the Protein Data Bank. Results We have compiled a pipeline for the quick analysis of halide-binding sites

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6

Cheng, Lu, Chang Yi, Yunfang Tong, et al. "Halide Homogenization for High-Performance Blue Perovskite Electroluminescence." Research 2020 (December 24, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/9017871.

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Metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have achieved great progress in recent years. However, bright and spectrally stable blue perovskite LED remains a significant challenge. Three-dimensional mixed-halide perovskites have potential to achieve high brightness electroluminescence, but their emission spectra are unstable as a result of halide phase separation. Here, we reveal that there is already heterogeneous distribution of halides in the as-deposited perovskite films, which can trace back to the nonuniform mixture of halides in the precursors. By simply introducing cationic su

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7

Aue, Walter A., Bernard J. Flinn, Christopher G. Flinn, Veluppillai Paramasigamani, and Kathleen A. Russell. "Transformation and transmission of organotin compounds inside a gas chromatograph." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 3 (1989): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-063.

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A wide variety of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted tin compounds are transformed to, and transmitted as, chlorides, bromides, or iodides on injection into a gas chromatographic system doped with HCl, HBr, or HI, respectively. This transformation occurs directly from some thirty-odd analytes such as organotin oxides, hydroxides, organic esters, and other halides including fluorides. Three germanium compounds appear to behave similarly. A conventional, packed-column gas chromatographic set-up with flame photometric or flame ionization detector can tolerate the necessary acid doping. Compounds suc

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8

Karaman, Ali, Zehra Akdeniz, and Mario P. Tosi. "Transferable Deformation-Dipole Model for Ionic Materials." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 5-6 (2007): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-5-606.

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A model for the ionic interactions in polyvalent metal halides was originally built for chloroaluminate clusters using an analysis of data on static and dynamic structure of their molecular monomers [for a review see M. P. Tosi, Phys. Chem. Liquids 43, 409 (2005)]. Recently, by continuing the deformation-dipole model calculations, the transferability of the halogen parameters was tested through the calculation of the structure of alkali halides and alkaline-earth halides. In this work we test the usefulness of the deformation-dipole model in the study of ionic materials by examining the transf

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9

Lai, Yu-Shiuan, Tao-Wei Yang, Ming-Show Wong, Yi-Hao Pai, and Su-Hua Chen. "Water-splitting using photoelectrodes of titania and titania-perovskite halite composite films." MRS Proceedings 1776 (2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.434.

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ABSTRACTTitanium oxide photoelectrodes have been used for water splitting for a few decades, but have low solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies. Perovskite halides (e.g., CH3NH3PbI3) have recently emerged as an efficient light absorber system. We try to combine the two materials to create new photoelectrodes to achieve a higher efficiency for hydrogen production. The photoelectrodes are investigated for water-splitting hydrogen production under Xe light irradiation by photoelectrochemical (PEC) reaction. Since perovskite halides are favorable light harvesters under UV and visible light irradiation, t

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10

Haque, Syed A., Robert L. Bolhofner, Bryan M. Wong, and Md Alamgir Hossain. "Colorimetric and optical discrimination of halides by a simple chemosensor." RSC Advances 5, no. 48 (2015): 38733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra02372f.

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11

Oku, Takeo. "Crystal structures of perovskite halide compounds used for solar cells." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 59, no. 1 (2020): 264–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0015.

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AbstractThe crystal structures of various types of perovskite halide compounds were summarized and described. Atomic arrangements of these perovskite compounds can be investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the structural models of basic perovskite halides, X-ray and electron diffractions were calculated and discussed to compare with the experimental data. Other halides such as elemental substituted or cation ordered double perovskite compounds were also described. In addition to the ordinary 3-dimensional perovskites, low dimensional perovskites with 2

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12

Umoren, S. A., I. B. Obot, and E. E. Ebenso. "Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminium Using Exudate Gum fromPachylobus edulisin the Presence of Halide Ions in HCl." E-Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 2 (2008): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/138407.

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The anti-corrosive effect of Pachylobus edulis exudate gum in combination with halides ions (Cl–, Br–and I–) for aluminium corrosion in HCl was studied at temperature range of 30-60°C using weight loss method. Results obtained showed that the naturally occurring exudate gum acts as an inhibitor for aluminium corrosion in acidic environment. Inhibition efficiency (%I) increases with increase in concentration of the exudate gum and synergistically increased to a considerable extent on the addition of the halide ions. The increase in inhibition efficiency (%I) and surface coverage (θ) in the pres

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13

Ivanova, Pavlina, Ditso Stratiev, and Antoaneta Pavlova. "Verification of a Method for Microcoulometric Determination of Adsorbable Organic Halide Pollutants in Natural, Drinking, Waste, and Treated Waters." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 3 (2006): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.3.735.

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Abstract A microcoulometric method is described for the determination of organic-halide pollutants at 2-2000 μg/L in natural, drinking, waste, and treated waters. The conditions for the adsorption of organic halides, using a microcolumn with activated charcoal-and for the desorption of inorganic halides-as well as for the pyrolysis process, were optimized for the successful determination of priority organic halide pollutants. An appropriate criterion was proposed to stop the desorption step. The mean recovery was 100.3%, and the mean relative standard deviation was 9.9%. The detection limit ba

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Farhan Ul Haque, Muhammad, Thierry Nadalig, Françoise Bringel, Hubert Schaller, and Stéphane Vuilleumier. "Fluorescence-Based Bacterial Bioreporter for Specific Detection of Methyl Halide Emissions in the Environment." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 21 (2013): 6561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01738-13.

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ABSTRACTMethyl halides are volatile one-carbon compounds responsible for substantial depletion of stratospheric ozone. Among them, chloromethane (CH3Cl) is the most abundant halogenated hydrocarbon in the atmosphere. Global budgets of methyl halides in the environment are still poorly understood due to uncertainties in their natural sources, mainly from vegetation, and their sinks, which include chloromethane-degrading bacteria. A bacterial bioreporter for the detection of methyl halides was developed on the basis of detailed knowledge of the physiology and genetics ofMethylobacterium extorque

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15

Kotora, Martin, Yoshinori Noguchi, and Tamotsu Takahashi. "Reactions of Zirconacyclopentadienes with Propargyl Halides Leading to (Buta-2,3-dien-1-yl)benzenes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 64, no. 7 (1999): 1119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19991119.

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The reaction of 1,1-bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)-1-zirconacyclopenta-2,4-dienes with propargyl halides in the presence of a catalytic or a stoichiometric amount of CuCl afforded benzene derivatives. This reaction involves SN2' type of attack of organocopper intermediate to propargyl halide followed by intramolecular carbometallation, and coupling with the second molecule of propargyl halide.

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Šídlo, Michal, Přemysl Lubal, and Pavel Anzenbacher. "Colorimetric Chemosensor Array for Determination of Halides." Chemosensors 9, no. 2 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9020039.

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The halide anions are essential for supporting life. Therefore, halide anion analyses are of paramount importance. For this reason, we have performed both qualitative and quantitative ana- lyses of halides (chloride, bromide, iodide) using the Tl(III) complex of azodye, 4-(2-pyridylazo)re- sorcinol (PAR), a potential new chemical reagent/sensor that utilizes the substitution reaction whereas the Tl(III)PAR complex reacts with a halide to yield a more stable thallium(III)-halide while releasing the PAR ligand in a process accompanied by color change of the solution. The experimental conditions

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17

Nelson, David J., and Feliu Maseras. "Steric effects determine the mechanisms of reactions between bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)-nickel(0) complexes and aryl halides." Chemical Communications 54, no. 75 (2018): 10646–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc06379f.

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18

Liu, Yu, Jia-Ling Zhang, Ren-Jie Song, and Jin-Heng Li. "1,2-Alkylarylation of activated alkenes with dual C–H bonds of arenes and alkyl halides toward polyhalo-substituted oxindoles." Org. Chem. Front. 1, no. 11 (2014): 1289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4qo00251b.

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Liu, Xiaosong, Yunfei Song, Wei Zhang, et al. "Correction: Tracking intramolecular energy redistribution dynamics in aryl halides: the effect of halide mass." RSC Advances 8, no. 55 (2018): 31303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra90073f.

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20

Chen, Ling, Lian Yu, Yuan Deng, Yuming Cui, Gaofeng Bian та Jian Cao. "Synthesis of α-haloenamides via zinc halide mediated direct addition of benzhydryl halides to ynamides". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, № 2 (2016): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ob01950h.

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21

Yu, Muxin, Caiping Liu, Shengchang Li, et al. "Constructing multi-cluster copper(i) halides using conformationally flexible ligands." Chemical Communications 56, no. 53 (2020): 7233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc02472d.

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22

Kumar, Kuldeep, and P. Arun. "SPR in Cesium Halide Thin Films Due to Embedded Elliptic Cesium Metal Nano-Particles." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 9 (2018): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.9.824.

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Cesium nanorods embedded in cesium halides (CsCl, CsBr, and CsI) show surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption peaks. The size and shape of these cesium nanorods in the cesium halide matrix evolve with time, which gives some uncontrollable data for comparing with the theory. The theory used here was developed by R. Gans. It leads to the good match between experiment and theory for Cs–Cs halide nanocomposites.

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Chen, Chen, and Xiaofeng Tong. "Synthesis of organic halides via palladium(0) catalysis." Org. Chem. Front. 1, no. 4 (2014): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4qo00004h.

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24

Han, Dan, Hongliang Shi, Wenmei Ming, et al. "Unraveling luminescence mechanisms in zero-dimensional halide perovskites." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 24 (2018): 6398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01291a.

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Zero-dimensional (0D) halides perovskites, in which anionic metal-halide octahedra (MX<sub>6</sub>)<sup>4−</sup> are separated by organic or inorganic countercations, have recently shown promise as excellent luminescent materials.

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Hanf, Schirin, Peter D. Matthews, Ning Li, He-Kuan Luo, and Dominic S. Wright. "The influence of halides in polyoxotitanate cages; dipole moment, splitting and expansion of d-orbitals and electron–electron repulsion." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 2 (2017): 578–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04288k.

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The influence of halides on the electronic structures of polyoxotitanate cages is explored in this experimental and theoretical study. Dipole moment, crystal-field splitting, Nephelauxetic influence of the halide and electron–electron repulsion all play a role.

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Niazi, Maryam, Hamid R. Shahsavari, Mohsen Golbon Haghighi, Mohammad Reza Halvagar, Samaneh Hatami, and Behrouz Notash. "Carbon–sulfur bond reductive coupling from a platinum(ii) thiolate complex." RSC Advances 6, no. 97 (2016): 95073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra21756g.

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Complex 1 was reacted with different alkyl halides at room temperature. This reaction proceeded via formation of binuclear intermediate complex 3 and through C–S bond reductive coupling to produce alkyl sulfides and corresponding halide complexes 2.

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Tigchelaar, Andrew, and William Tam. "Iridium-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of alkynyl halides." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (October 16, 2012): 1765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.201.

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Iridium-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of diene-tethered alkynyl halides were investigated by using [IrCl(cod)]2 as catalyst, and dppe was found to be the most suitable phosphine ligand for the reaction. No oxidative insertion of the iridium into the carbon–halide bond was observed, and the reactions proceeded to provide the halogenated cycloadducts in good yield (75–94%). These results are the first examples of cycloadditions of alkynyl halides using an iridium catalyst.

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Li, Chonghea, Xionggang Lu, Weizhong Ding, Liming Feng, Yonghui Gao, and Ziming Guo. "Formability of ABX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) halide perovskites." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 64, no. 6 (2008): 702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768108032734.

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In this study a total of 186 complex halide systems were collected; the formabilities of ABX 3 (X = F, Cl, Br and I) halide perovskites were investigated using the empirical structure map, which was constructed by Goldschmidt's tolerance factor and the octahedral factor. A model for halide perovskite formability was built up. In this model obtained, for all 186 complex halides systems, only one system (CsF–MnF2) without perovskite structure and six systems (RbF–PbF2, CsF–BeF2, KCl–FeCl2, TlI–MnI2, RbI–SnI2, TlI–PbI2) with perovskite structure were wrongly classified, so its predicting accuracy

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Carillo, Kathleen D., Chi-Jen Lo, Der-Lii M. Tzou, et al. "The Effect of Calcium and Halide Ions on the Gramicidin A Molecular State and Antimicrobial Activity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (2020): 6177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176177.

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Gramicidin A (gA) forms several convertible conformations in different environments. In this study, we investigated the effect of calcium halides on the molecular state and antimicrobial activity of gramicidin A. The molecular state of gramicidin A is highly affected by the concentration of calcium salt and the type of halide anion. Gramicidin A can exist in two states that can be characterized by circular dichroism (CD), mass, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. In State 1, the main molecular state of gramicidin A is as a dimer, and the addition of calcium salt can

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Ali, Rana Faryad, Irene Andreu, and Byron D. Gates. "Green solvent assisted synthesis of cesium bismuth halide perovskite nanocrystals and the influences of slow and fast anion exchange rates." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 11 (2019): 4442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9na00586b.

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Halide perovskite nanocrystals of cesium bismuth iodide (Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>I<sub>9</sub>) were prepared by a facile sonication-assisted method using a green solvent. The photoluminescence properties were tuned by anion exchange with tetraalkylammonium halides.

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Ganose, Alex M., Keith T. Butler, Aron Walsh, and David O. Scanlon. "Relativistic electronic structure and band alignment of BiSI and BiSeI: candidate photovoltaic materials." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 6 (2016): 2060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta09612j.

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Bismuth-based solar absorbers are of interest due to similarities in the chemical properties of bismuth halides and the exceptionally efficient lead halide hybrid perovskites. Here, we computationally screen BiSI and BiSeI and show they possess electronic structures ideal for solar cell applications.

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Parker, Kimberly M., and William A. Mitch. "Halogen radicals contribute to photooxidation in coastal and estuarine waters." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 21 (2016): 5868–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602595113.

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Although halogen radicals are recognized to form as products of hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging by halides, their contribution to the phototransformation of marine organic compounds has received little attention. We demonstrate that, relative to freshwater conditions, seawater halides can increase photodegradation rates of domoic acid, a marine algal toxin, and dimethyl sulfide, a volatile precursor to cloud condensation nuclei, up to fivefold. Using synthetic seawater solutions, we show that the increased photodegradation is specific to dissolved organic matter (DOM) and halides, rather tha

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Kumar, Vineet, and Zhiping Luo. "A Review on X-ray Excited Emission Decay Dynamics in Inorganic Scintillator Materials." Photonics 8, no. 3 (2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8030071.

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Scintillator materials convert high-energy radiation into photons in the ultraviolet to visible light region for radiation detection. In this review, advances in X-ray emission dynamics of inorganic scintillators are presented, including inorganic halides (alkali-metal halides, alkaline-earth halides, rare-earth halides, oxy-halides, rare-earth oxyorthosilicates, halide perovskites), oxides (binary oxides, complex oxides, post-transition metal oxides), sulfides, rare-earth doped scintillators, and organic-inorganic hybrid scintillators. The origin of scintillation is strongly correlated to the

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Wu, Hsuan-Ta, Yu-Ting Cheng, Ching-Chich Leu, Shih-Hsiung Wu, and Chuan-Feng Shih. "Improving Two-Step Prepared CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells by Co-Doping Potassium Halide and Water in PbI2 Layer." Nanomaterials 9, no. 5 (2019): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9050666.

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Incorporating additives into organic halide perovskite solar cells is the typical approach to improve power conversion efficiency. In this paper, a methyl-ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPbI3) organic perovskite film was fabricated using a two-step sequential process on top of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) hole-transporting layer. Experimentally, water and potassium halides (KCl, KBr, and KI) were incorporated into the PbI2 precursor solution. With only 2 vol% water, the cell efficiency was effectively improved. Without water, the addition of all of

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35

Healy, PC, JD Kildea, BW Skelton, and AH White. "Lewis-Base Adducts of Group 11 Metal(I) Compounds. XLI. Conformational Systematics of [(N-base)1(CuX)1]∞ 'Skewed Stair' Polymers [N-base = (Substituted) Pyridine]." Australian Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 1 (1989): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9890093.

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In contrast to the symmetrical 'orthogonal' 'stair' polymers recorded in the previous paper, a variety of distorted ('skewed') stair polymer systems have been synthesized and structurally characterized by using substituted pyridine bases. The structure of CuBr/pyridine (1 : 1) is recorded, completing the series for pyridine with all halides (CI, Br, I), together with full halide arrays for the bases pyridine-2-carbaldehyde and 4-benzoylpyridine, in which substituent interactions with metal or halide are insufficient to destroy the basic polymer form but nevertheless may induce substantial dist

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36

van Erk, W. "Transport processes in metal halide gas discharge lamps." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 11 (2000): 2159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072112159.

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An overview is given of transport reactions and corrosion phenomena in metal halide gas discharge lamps filled with a mixture of alkali halides with scandium or rare-earth iodides. The phenomena that are discussed are: (a) pressures of light-emitting species above the molten salt mixture, (b) interaction of the metal halides with the vessel wall, quartz glass as well as polycrystalline alumina, (c) transport processes along the vessel wall giving rise to wall corrosion, and (d) transport to and from the electrodes (i.e., electrode corrosion and wall blackening).

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Meral, Orhan, Ahsen Kaya, and Ekin Özgür Aktaş. "Adli Tıp Pratiğinde Nadir Görülen Bir Olgu: Dekompresyon Hastalığı." Bulletin of Legal Medicine 23, no. 3 (2018): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.2018345610.

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“Vurgun” olarak da bilinen “Dekompresyon Hastalığı”, basınç altında kan ve dokularda çözünen inert gazın (Nitrojen, Helyum gibi) oluşturduğu kabarcıkların yol açtığı bir durum olup, genellikle dalgıçlarda görülmektedir. Azalan basıncın etkisiyle kanda çözünmüş halde bulunan bu inert gazlar, çözünmüş halden serbestleşerek damar ve dokular içerisinde dokunun beslenmesini engelleyen kabarcıklar oluşturmaktadır. Bu durum tamamen herhangi bir belirti vermeyebileceği gibi, basit bir yorgunluk ve dispneden, parapleji ve hatta ölüme kadar varan geniş bir yelpazede patolojilere de sebep olabilmektedir.

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Kovbasyuk, Larisa A., Olga Yu Vassilyeva, Vladimir N. Kokozay, Wolfgang Linert, and Paul R. Raithby. "A Mixed-metal Mixed-halide Complex Prepared from Zerovalent Copper and Lead Salts: Solution and Solid-state Chemistry." Journal of Chemical Research 23, no. 11 (1999): 670–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174751989902301117.

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The mixed-metal mixed-halide complex [CuPbBrlL2]2 has been prepared by the direct interaction of zerovalent copper with lead halides and 2-dimethylaminoethanol (HL) in dmso and has been characterized by X-ray crystallography; the structure shows a layer arrangement of the tetranuclear metal units through the μ3-halogen bridging.

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Spang, Nils, Matthias Müller, William Augustinov, and Magnus R. Buchner. "Behavior of beryllium halides and triflate in acetonitrile solutions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 75, no. 11 (2020): 939–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2020-0141.

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AbstractThe solution behavior of beryllium halides and triflate in acetonitrile was studied by NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Thereby mononuclear units [(MeCN)2BeX2] (X = Cl, Br, I, OTf) were identified as dominant species in these solutions. The solid state structure of [(MeCN)2Be(OTf)2] has been determined by X-ray diffraction. If only one equivalent of MeCN is used the dinuclear compounds [(MeCN)BeX2]2 (X = Cl, Br, I) are formed. Partial halide and triflate dissociation into the monomeric complexes as well as the formation of hetero-halide complexes [(MeCN)2BeClBr], [(MeCN)2BeClI] and [(Me

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Dybowski, Cecil, Matthew L. Smith, Mark A. Hepp, Edward J. Gaffney, Guenther Neue, and Dale L. Perry. "207Pb NMR Chemical-Shift Tensors of the Lead (II) Halides and the Lead (II) Hydroxyhalides." Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 3 (1998): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702981943626.

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The NMR properties of the solid lead (II) halides and the lead (II) hydroxyhalides are reported. The analysis shows extremely wide powder patterns in all cases except the lead (II) iodide. The results indicate that one should be able to distinguish the lead (II) halide from the corresponding lead (II) hydroxyhalide in a mixture.

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Slabbert, Cara, and Melanie Rademeyer. "Halide-bridged Polymers of d10Metals with Heterocyclic Type Donor Ligands." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314089748.

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Molecular self-assembly of organic ligands and inorganic metal halides leads to the formation of layered nano-composite organic-inorganic hybrid materials. The formation of both ionic- and coordination hybrids is possible. Both of these materials have attracted much attention recently in the field of Crystal Engineering [1], due to the retention and combination of desired inherent properties of both constitutional moieties, which then renders these materials multifunctional with a wide range of potential technological applications. Properties attributed to the organic component include structu

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Ferguson, Jamie L., John D. Holbrey, Shieling Ng, et al. "A greener, halide-free approach to ionic liquid synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 3 (2011): 723–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-07-21.

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Conventionally, ionic liquids with anions generated from simple organic acids are prepared following a metathetic procedure from a halide salt, usually a chloride. Here, we describe an efficient means of generating hydroxide solutions of the cations of interest, allowing many ionic liquids to be produced by simple acid–base reactions, completely avoiding the use of halides.

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Kerson, Irina, and Ljudmila Shiganova. "Obtaining the Nanostructured Nitride Composition TiN-BN Powder by the Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis from the Azide KBF₄-NaN₃-Na₂TiF₆ and "NH₄BF₄-NaN₃-Na₂TiF₆ Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 698 (December 2014): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.698.507.

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This paper presents the results of a study on the preparation of nanostructured nitride composition TiN-BN in the boron halide - sodium azide - titanium halide system by the azide SHS technology. SHS-Az technology makes it possible to produce powders having the desired properties, only in one step, without blending separately prepared powders of titanium nitride and boron nitride, and to obtain the final product in the form of micro-and nanosized powder nitride compositions TiN-BN by using complex halides of titanium and boron. Thus, the composite powder TiN and BN obtained from the KBF4-NaN3-

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Pickardt, Joachim, and Benedikt Staub. "Metallkomplexe mit 2,2'-Dipyridylamin als Liganden: Kristallstrukturen der Komplexe mit CdX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) und CuCN / Metal Complexes with 2,2'-Dipyridylamine as Ligand: Crystal Structures of the Complexes with CdX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) and CuCN." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 54, no. 3 (1999): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1999-0306.

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Reactions of 2,2′-dipyridylamine (dpyam) with cadmium halides yield crystals of [Cd(dpyam)(H2O )Cl2] (1), [Cd(dpyam)Br2] (2), and [Cd(dpyam)I2] (3). With CuCl2 and KCN a complex [Cu(dpyam )CN] · H2O (4) is obtained. Depending on the size of the halide ions the coordination changes from octahedral in 1 to trigonal bipyramidal in 2 and tetrahedral in 3. The coordination in 4 is trigonal. Due to the geometric strain imposed by the ligand all coordination polyhedra show significant distortions. 1 and 2 form dimers by halide bridges. With the exception of 3 all compounds form “supramolecular” struc

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Tan, Yen T. "Silver Halides in Photography." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 5 (1989): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400062862.

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Since their first use about 150 years ago, silver halides have remained the primary photosensing materials in an image capturing process known as photography. Silver halides have retained their pre-eminent role despite numerous attempts to replace them with other materials. Even in the present era of electronics, conventional photography remains the most popular format for recording still images. When compared with electronic imaging, silver halide photography retains an edge in resolution, latitude, and convenience.The current superiority and popularity of conventional photography stem from a

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Reckeweg, Olaf, and Thomas Schleid. "No solid solution compounds in between the binaries: syntheses and crystal structures of Nb(Br0.62(4)Cl0.38(4))2Cl2 and NbI2Cl2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 73, no. 1 (2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2017-0188.

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AbstractThe anion-mixed niobium tetrahalides Nb(Br0.62(4)Cl0.38(4))2Cl2 and NbI2Cl2 were obtained by heating NbBr5 with NbCl5 and NbI5 with NbCl5, respectively, in equimolar ratios with niobium metal in evacuated, torch-sealed silica ampoules at 720 K for 3 days. The orthorhombic title compounds form as very brittle black needles and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [space group: Immm, Z=4; a=704.27(6), b=824.13(7), c=929.64(8) pm for Nb(Br0.62(4)Cl0.38(4))2Cl2 and a=753.76(6), b=829.38(7) and c=983.41(8) pm for NbI2Cl2]. Surprisingly enough, these mixed-anionic halides a

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Fröhlich, Paul. "Der Generaloberst und die Historiker." Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 68, no. 1 (2020): 25–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vfzg-2020-0002.

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Vorspann In den 1950er und 1960er Jahren überschwemmte eine Fülle von zeitgeschichtlichen Memoiren, Editionen und Dokumentationen zum NS-Regime beziehungsweise zum Zweiten Weltkrieg den Markt. Wie zuletzt Magnus Brechtken für den Fall Albert Speer zeigte, (ent-)standen einiger dieser Werke unter dem geschichtspolitischen Einfluss der ehemaligen Akteure und dienten einer weit verbreiteten Exkulpationsmentalität. Im Lichte dieser aktuellen Forschungsthemen untersucht Paul Fröhlich die Publikationsgeschichte des Kriegstagebuchs von Franz Halder, Chef des Generalstabs des Heeres zwischen 1938 und

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Kabalka, G. W., Z. Wu, and Y. Ju. "Use of organoboron halides in organic synthesis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 9 (2003): 1231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375091231.

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Several new organic transformations have been achieved utilizing boron halide reagents. Aryl aldehydes are conveniently converted to gem-dichloromethylbenzenes using boron trichloride. Aryl aldehydes are alkylated by alkylboron chlorides in a Grignard-like fashion to generate the corresponding arylalkanols or alkylboron chlorides. Aryl aldehydes react with divinylboron halides (generated via the haloboration of alkynes) to produce 1,5-di-halo-1,4-dienes in excellent yields.

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Lipilin, Dmitry L., Alexander E. Frumkin, Alexey Y. Tyurin, Vitalij V. Levin, and Alexander D. Dilman. "Photoredox Catalyzed Dealkylative Aromatic Halogen Substitution with Tertiary Amines." Molecules 26, no. 11 (2021): 3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113323.

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A reaction of aromatic halides bearing electron-withdrawing groups with tertiary amines in the presence of an iridium catalyst under blue light irradiation is described. Products of the aromatic substitution of the halide by the dialkylamino fragment are obtained. The interaction of aryl radicals with tertiary amines to generate zwitterionic radical species is believed to be the key factor responsible for the reaction efficiency.

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Sheppard, S. C., and W. G. Evenden. "Response of some vegetable crops to soil-applied halides." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 72, no. 4 (1992): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss92-046.

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The halide elements are environmentally important and share some common attributes. The heaviest, I, and the lighest, F, are quite toxic and are important industrial pollutants. They are also effectively retained in soils. The others, Cl and Br, can be accumulated to high concentrations in plants, are used in agriculture and are highly mobile in soils. This study investigated the behaviour of the halides in plots, outdoor lysimeters, and laboratory sorption and excised-root experiments. Sorption on soil was ordered as F > I > Br > Cl. Concentrations in plants were generally ordered as

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