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Journal articles on the topic 'Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Park, Jeong-Hun, and Moon-Que Lee. "Wide E-Plane Beamwidth Microstrip Patch Antenna Using H-Shaped Gap-Coupling with Three Parasitic Patches for the K-Band." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 2023 (June 19, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/4500294.

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This article presents a new wide E-plane beamwidth rectangular microstrip patch antenna adopting H-shaped gap-coupling with three parasitic patches for the K-band vehicle parking monitoring system, while keeping single substrate. Both side and upper parasitic elements serve as λ and λ/2 resonators and are excited primarily by magnetic and electric couplings, respectively. The synthesis of radiation patterns from main and auxiliary elements results in the E-plane wide-beamwidth property. The proposed gap-coupling antenna provided the peak gain of 4.82 dBi, E-plane half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of

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2

Zhou, Hui, Yuwei Chen, Nan Hu, et al. "The Determination of Effective Beamwidth of Ku Band Profiling Radar Based on Waveform Matching Method in the Boreal Forest of Finland." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (2020): 2710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172710.

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Radar scientists typically define the radar beamwidth as a half-power beamwidth (HPBW) in the main lobe of the antenna pattern. However, the microwave radiations outside radar HPBW might also backscatter into the radar receiver and change the distribution of the received signal. To determine an actual and effective beamwidth illuminated on the measured targets, we first generate the simulated-waveforms derived from coincident lidar points and radar equation and then develop a waveform matching method to seek out an optimal beamwidth based on the 95% threshold of correlation coefficients betwee

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3

Liu, Hongmei, Chenhui Xun, Shaojun Fang, and Zhongbao Wang. "Beamwidth-Enhanced Low-Profile Dual-Band Circular Polarized Patch Antenna for CNSS Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (November 7, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7630815.

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A low-profile dual-band circular polarized (CP) patch antenna with wide half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) is presented for CNSS applications. Simple stacked circular patches are used to achieve dual-band radiation. To enhance the HPBW for the two operation bands, a dual annular parasitic metal strip (D-APMS) combined with reduced ground plane (R-GP) is presented. A single-input feed network based on the coupled line transdirectional (CL-TRD) coupler is also proposed to provide two orthogonal modes at the two frequency bands simultaneously. Experimental results show that the 10 dB impedance bandwid

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4

Noor, Hidayah Muhamad Adnan, Md. Rafiqul Islam, and Zahirul Alam AHM. "Effects of Inter-Element Spacing and Number of Elements on Planar Array Antenna Characteristics." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (2018): 230–40. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp230-240.

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Planar array antenna is seen as one of the innovative solutions of massive MIMO and 5G networks since they provide directive beams. In this paper, planar array antenna with square and rectangular arrangements based on 2 x 2 antenna elements as one subarray was proposed. Then, array factor for the the planar array antenna with up to 64 antenna elements was calculated to analyze the effects of inter-element spacing and number of elements on the antenna characteristics. Higher values of inter-element spacing contributed to higher number of side lobes, narrower main lobe, higher directivity and lo

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5

Zulkiflia, Fitri Yuli, Yuyu Wahyu, Basari, and Eko Tjipto Raharjo. "Pengembangan Antena Mikrostrip Susun untuk Radar Pengawas Pantai." Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 13, no. 2 (2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jet.v13.55-59.

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Makalah ini membahas pengembangan antena mikrostrip yang disusun secara linier sebanyak empat elemen untuk aplikasi radar pengawas pantai. Teknik pencatuan yang digunakan untuk mencatu antena susun ini adalah proximity coupled. Desain antena menggunakan software CST microwave studio dan dirancang untuk bekerja di frekuensi 9,4 GHz. Hasil simulasi memperlihatkan impedance bandwidth antena pada return loss ≤ -9,54 dB adalah 760 MHz dari 9,34-10,1 GHz dan dari hasil ukur adalah 860 MHz dari frekuensi 9,35-10,21 GHz. Di samping itu, hasil simulasi menunjukkan half power beamwidth (HPBW) pada phi=0

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6

Wang, Rui, Dashuang Liao, and Feng Yang. "Antipodal Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna with Quasi-Hemispherical Pattern Using Subwavelength Elements." Electronics 12, no. 3 (2023): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12030628.

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Antennas with quasi-hemispherical radiation patterns are preferred in many wide−area wireless communication systems which require the signals to uniformly cover a wide two−dimensional region. In this work, a simple but effective beamwidth broadening technique based on an antipodal linearly tapered slot antenna (ALTSA) is first proposed and then experimentally verified. Compared with most of the reported designs, the proposed antenna can significantly widen beamwidth and achieve a quasi-hemispherical radiation pattern without increasing the overall size and structural complexity. Only two rows

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7

Ye, Xihong, Mang He, Pingyuan Zhou, and Houjun Sun. "A Compact Single-Feed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Symmetric and Wide-Beamwidth Radiation Pattern." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/106516.

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A compact single-feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna is proposed to achieve symmetric radiation pattern over a wide range of observation angles. In order to reduce the radiation aperture and consequently broaden the circular polarization (CP) and the half power beamwidth (HPBW) of the antenna, a partially etched superstrate and a conducting cavity are employed in the design. Further, reasonable axial ratio (AR) and impedance bandwidths are realized within the compact structure by using a simple series crossed-slot aperture coupled feeding. As a consequence, the overall dimension of th

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8

Katke, Kiran, and S. K. Popalghat. "X-BAND Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna: Design, Simulation, and Analysis." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (2024): 1101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.59012.

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Abstract: Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPA) have shown to be the most unusual finding in the era of downsizing, despite the fact that the revolution in antenna engineering has led to the rapidly expanding communication networks. The design, modeling, and analysis of rectangular microstrip patch antennas are all included in this study. The suggested patch antennas' resonating frequency is 9 GHz, which falls inside the X band area. Ansys HFSS software was used to design them using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 material, which has a dielectric constant of 2.2. Five performance metrics were used to assess t

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9

Hidayah Muhamad Adnan, Noor, Islam Md. Rafiqul, and AHM Zahirul Alam. "Effects of Inter-Element Spacing and Number of Elements on Planar Array Antenna Characteristics." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (2018): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp230-240.

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<p>Planar array antenna is seen as one of the innovative solutions of massive MIMO and 5G networks since they provide directive beams. In this paper, planar array antenna with square and rectangular arrangements based on 2 x 2 antenna elements as one subarray was proposed. Then, array factor for the the planar array antenna with up to 64 antenna elements was calculated to analyze the effects of inter-element spacing and number of elements on the antenna characteristics. Higher values of inter-element spacing contributed to higher number of side lobes, narrower main lobe, higher directivi

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10

Simpson, Dakotah J., and Dimitra Psychogiou. "Frequency-Dependent Feeding Methods for Broadband Vivaldi Arrays With Minimum Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW) Variation." IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2 (2021): 564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2021.3075418.

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11

Khan, Waseem, Saleem Shahid, Waleed Iqbal, et al. "Semi-Coprime Array with Staggered Beam-Steering of Sub-Arrays." Sensors 23, no. 12 (2023): 5484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23125484.

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A split-aperture array (SAA) is an array of sensors or antenna elements in which the array is split into two or more sub-arrays (SAs). Recently proposed SAAs, namely coprime and semi-coprime arrays, offer to attain a small half-power beamwidth (HPBW) with a small number of elements, compared to most conventional unified-aperture arrays, at the cost of reduced peak-to-side-lobe ratio (PSLR). To reduce HPBW and increase PSLR, non-uniform inter-element spacing and excitation amplitudes have proven helpful. However, all the existing arrays and beam-formers suffer increased HPBW, degraded PSLR or b

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12

Khan, Waseem, Saleem Shahid, Ali Naeem Chaudhry, and Ahsan Sarwar Rana. "ANN-Assisted Beampattern Optimization of Semi-Coprime Array for Beam-Steering Applications." Sensors 24, no. 22 (2024): 7260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24227260.

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In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) has been proposed to estimate the required values of the adjustable parameters of a Semi-Coprime array with staggered steering (SCASS), which was proposed recently. By adjusting the amount of staggering and the sidelobe attenuation (SLA) factor of Chebyshev weights, SCASS can promise a quite small half-power beamwidth (HPBW) and a high peak-to-side-lobe ratio (PLSR), even when the beam is steered away from broadside direction. However, HPBW and PSLR cannot be improved simultaneously. There is always a trade-off between the two performance metri

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13

Wang, Heesu, and Ikmo Park. "Characteristics of the Angled Printed Dipole Array Antenna with Different Numbers of Dipole Elements." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 20, no. 3 (2020): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2020.20.3.183.

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This paper investigated the characteristics of series-fed angled dipole antennas as the number of dipoles increased from one to two, four, and eight. A parallel strip line printed on both sides of the substrate was used to connect angled printed dipoles of the same size in a series with equal spacing. As expected, although the gain increased as the number of dipoles increased, the impedance and gain bandwidths decreased. In addition, as the number of dipoles increased, the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) differences between the xz- and yzplanes decreased and the radiation pattern of the xz-plane b

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14

Kim, Sungpeel, and Jaehoon Choi. "Quasi-Yagi Slotted Array Antenna with Fan-Beam Characteristics for 28 GHz 5G Mobile Terminals." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217686.

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A quasi-Yagi slotted array antenna with fan-beam characteristics is proposed for 28 GHz 5G mobile terminals. The antenna is composed of a 1 × 8 slot antenna array with directors to enhance the half-power beamwidth (HPBW). The proposed antenna has a fan-beam radiation pattern with a simulated HPBW of 256.72° and a peak gain of 11.16 dBi. In addition, the proposed antenna covers ±48° using a beam steering mechanism. Mutual coupling reduction is achieved by inserting slits between the adjacent slot radiators on the ground plane. The simulated −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of the propose

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15

Tahcfulloh, Syahfrizal. "MIMO Radar Array Antenna with Transmit-Receive Subarrays." International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems 13, no. 6 (2020): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22266/ijies2020.1231.17.

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Unlike the PMIMO radar, the transmit-receive (Tx-Rx) subarrays MIMO (TRSM) radar uses overlaping subarrays in Tx and Rx array so that it simultaneously combines the main advantage of the phased array radar (PA) i.e., high directional coherent gain, and the main advantage of the MIMO radar i.e., high waveform diversity gain. This paper has derived the radar performance formula such that Tx-Rx gain and SINR. The approach aims to overcome the beam shape loss, increase the transmit-receive gain, minimize the maximum peak sidelobe levels, narrow the half power beamwidth, increase directivity, and i

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16

Abdelrahman, S. I., A. H. Hussein, and A. E. A. Shaalan. "A Hybrid GA/GE Beamforming Technique for Side Lobe Cancellation of Linear Antenna Arrays." Advanced Electromagnetics 10, no. 2 (2021): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v10i2.1440.

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Side lobe level reduction is one of the most critical research topics in antenna arrays beamforming as it mitigates the interfering and jamming signals. In this paper, a hybrid combination between the Genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique and the gauss elimination (GE) equation solving technique is utilized for the introduction of the proposed GA/GE beamforming technique for linear antenna arrays. The proposed technique estimates the optimum excitation coefficients and the non-uniform inter-elements spacing for a specific side lobe (SL) cancellation without disturbing the half power be

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17

Ghouse, Parveez Shariff Bhadravathi, Tanweer Ali, Pallavi R. Mane, et al. "Quad-Beam 4 × 2 Array Antenna for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications." Electronics 14, no. 5 (2025): 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14051056.

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This article presents the design of a novel, compact, 4 × 2 planar-array antenna that provides quad-beam radiation in the broadside direction, and it enhances coverage and serviceability for millimeter-wave applications. The antenna utilizes a corporate (parallel) feed network to deliver equal power and phase to all elements. Non-uniform element spacing in the two orthogonal planes, exceeding 0.5λ1 (λ1 being the wavelength at 30 GHz), results in a quad-beam radiation pattern. Two beams are formed in the xz-plane and two in the yz-plane, oriented at angles of θ=±54°. However, this spacing leads

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18

Bashri, Mohd Saiful Riza, and Noor Amalina Ramli. "Flexible milimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna array for wearable RF energy harvesting applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (2021): 1976. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp1976-1984.

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In this paper, a series-fed milimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna array operating at 28 GHz is presented for wearable radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting applications. The antenna array is made of 4×4 rectangular microstrip elements on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate to provide conformability when directly attached on human body parts. A 4-way Wilkinson power divider is connected to the array for RF power combining. The overall size of the antenna is 47×28×0.25 mm. The half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of the antenna array can be increased up to 151.9⁰ via structural deformation ma

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19

Singh, Satyanand. "Minimal Redundancy Linear Array and Uniform Linear Arrays Beamforming Applications in 5G Smart Devices." Emerging Science Journal 4 (October 6, 2021): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2021-sp1-05.

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Minimum Redundancy Linear Arrays (MRLAs) and Uniform Linear Arrays (ULAs) investigation conducted with the possibility of using them in future 5G smart devices. MRLAs are designed to minimize the number of sensor pairs with the same spatially correlated delay. It eliminates selected antennas from the entire composite antenna array and preserves all possible antenna spacing. MRLAs have attractive features for linear sparse arrays, even if the built-in surface is deformed, it works without problems. To our knowledge, MRLAs have not been applied to smart devices so far. In this work, a 7-element

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20

Reddy, P. Soni, Rahul Mondal, Sushanta Sarkar, Debasree Chanda Sarkar, and Partha Pratim Sarkar. "Square DRA feed for parabolic reflector antenna for satellite communication application." Frequenz 75, no. 9-10 (2021): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2020-0178.

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Abstract A square dielectric resonator antenna (SDRA) offering high polarization purity as a feed for parabolic reflector antenna is presented in this paper. Three sequences of holes are strategically integrated into the SDRA to enhance the polarization purity of the desired mode by suppressing the cross-polarization (X-pol) generating higher order mode. A detailed study on the performance of the parabolic reflector antenna with the proposed SDRA feed is also performed. The composite structure provides low X-pol levels of −33 dB at the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) points and −35 dB at the 1 dB

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21

Adomnitei, Cezar-Ion, Cezar-Eduard Lesanu, Adrian Done, Ang Yu, Mihai Dimian, and Alexandru Lavric. "The Design and Implementation of a Phased Antenna Array System for LEO Satellite Communications." Sensors 24, no. 6 (2024): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24061915.

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LEO satellite constellations can provide a viable alternative to expand connectivity to remote, isolated geographical areas and complement existing IoT terrestrial communication infrastructures. This paper aims to improve LEO satellite communications by implementing a new phased antenna array system that can significantly improve the radio communication link’s performance. By adjusting the progressive phase shift to each element of the antenna array system, the direction of the main radiation lobe of the phased antenna array system can be controlled with accuracy. As far as we know, it is the

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Park, Kibeom, Jingon Joung, Sungjoon Lim, and Han Lim Lee. "A Compact Crossed Inverted-V Antenna with a Common Reflector for Polarization Diversity in the IoT." Electronics 8, no. 6 (2019): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060637.

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This article presented a compact and high gain antenna with reconfigurable polarization based on two inverted-V dipoles fabricated in a crossed configuration, and with a common planar reflector. The proposed antenna could generate four different types of polarizations, such as vertical polarization (VP), horizontal polarization (HP), right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP). A pair of inverted-V dipoles drove the polarization diversity, where each dipole had an integrated matching circuit and a microstrip balun. Using a crossed inverted-V configuratio

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23

Dzagbletey, Philip Ayiku, and Jae-Young Chung. "Millimeter-Wave Choke Ring Antenna with Broad HPBW and Low Cross-Polarization for 28 GHz Dosimetry Studies." Electronics 13, no. 17 (2024): 3531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13173531.

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A choke ring horn antenna has been designed for use as an RF applicator in a compact range in vitro 28 GHz bioelectromagnetic exposure system. The 30 mm × 50 mm horn antenna was fabricated and measured to operate from 27.75 GHz to 34.5 GHz with a −20 dB measured S11 and a measured antenna gain of more than 10 dBi. A wide sectoral (flat top) and symmetric E- and H-plane pattern with a half-power beamwidth of more than 60 degrees was achieved with a cross-polarization discrimination of better than 28 dB. Electromagnetic slots were introduced in the antenna to suppress excess cavity mode radiatio

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Ahmad, Iftikhar, Houjun Sun, Umair Rafique, and Zhang Yi. "Triangular Slot-Loaded Wideband Planar Rectangular Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications." Electronics 10, no. 7 (2021): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070778.

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This paper presents a design of a triangular slot-loaded planar rectangular antenna array for wideband millimeter-wave (mm-wave) 5G communication systems. The proposed array realizes an overall size of 35.5 × 14.85 mm2. To excite the array elements, a four-way broadband corporate feeding network was designed and analyzed. The proposed array offered a measured impedance bandwidth in two different frequency ranges, i.e., from 23 to 24.6 GHz and from 26 to 45 GHz. The single-antenna element of the array consists of a rectangular patch radiator with a triangular slot. The partial ground plane was

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Soares Mayer, Kayol, Jonathan Aguiar Soares, and Dalton Soares Arantes. "Complex MIMO RBF Neural Networks for Transmitter Beamforming over Nonlinear Channels." Sensors 20, no. 2 (2020): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020378.

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The use of beamforming for efficient transmission has already been successfully implemented in practical systems and is absolutely necessary to even further increase spectral and energy efficiencies in some configurations of the next-generation wireless systems and for low earth orbit satellites. A remarkable capacity increase is then achieved and spectral congestion is minimized. In this context, this article proposes a novel complex multiple-input multiple-output radial basis function neural network (CMM-RBF) for transmitter beamforming, based on the phase transmittance radial basis function

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Park, Jeongho, and Eunhee Kim. "Super-Resolution Processing for Multiple Aperture Antenna to Suppress Multipath." Mathematics 12, no. 20 (2024): 3186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12203186.

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Angle estimation for low-altitude targets above the sea surface is a challenging problem due to multipath interference from surface reflection signals, and various approaches have been proposed. This paper proposes a matrix pencil method with multiple apertures. The matrix pencil method effectively responds to dynamic scenarios because it performs better when using a single snapshot than other methods. Also, employing multiple apertures is more economical than using one large aperture. Therefore, we propose a computationally efficient approach using this method and structures. The proposed two

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Schandy, Javier, Leonardo Steinfeld, Benigno Rodríguez, Juan P. González, and Fernando Silveira. "Enhancing Parasitic Interference Directional Antennas with Multiple Director Elements." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (February 21, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7546785.

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The Swedish Institute of Computer Science Parasitic Interference Directional Antenna (SPIDA) is an electrically switched directional antenna that uses switched beamforming techniques to shape the antenna radiation pattern focusing the transmitted power in a given direction, increasing the maximum gain, and simultaneously reducing interference in other directions. This work extends the use of the SPIDA antenna, showing that using multiple director elements results in an improved performance in terms of maximum gain, narrower Half Power Beamwidth (HPBW), and a lower module of the S11 parameter.

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28

Pisa, Stefano, Renato Cicchetti, Emanuele Piuzzi, and Orlandino Testa. "A Comparison between Multiple-Input Multiple-Output and Multiple-Input Single-Output Radar Configurations for Through-the-Wall Imaging Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3887314.

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The performances of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, employing 16 equivalent antennas, and multiple-input single-output (MISO) radar, employing 10 antennas, for through-the-wall imaging applications are analyzed. In particular, imaging algorithms based on the Fourier transform (FT) and the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) available in the literature are compared with the FT-MUSIC hybrid algorithm recently developed by the authors. Three different investigations have been performed. The first, performed analytically, refers to a scenario in which a point scatterer is placed

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29

Dentri, Sitthichai, Khanet Pookkapund, Bancha Luadang, Prayoot Akkaraekthalin, and Chuwong Phongcharoenpanich. "Single-Fed Broadband CP Bidirectional Antenna with Double-Layer Diagonally Aligned Plates for Universal UHF-RFID Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (October 8, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6561534.

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This research proposes a single-fed broadband circularly polarized (CP) bidirectional antenna operable in 840–960 MHz frequency band for readers of universal UHF-RFID applications. The proposed antenna is comprised of upper-layer conductor, lower-layer conductor, and wall patches. The upper-layer conductor consists of two diagonally aligned rectangular copper plates with a feeding gap at the center, and the lower-layer conductor is of two diagonally adjoined rectangular plates. The upper- and lower-layer conductors are adjoined with the wall patches. The diagonal alignment technique of the upp

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Patel, Shobhit K., Cong Danh Bui, Truong Khang Nguyen, Juveriya Parmar, and Quang Minh Ngo. "Numerical Investigation of Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna with Liquid Metamaterials for X-band." Journal of Advanced Engineering and Computation 6, no. 1 (2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55579/jaec.202261.362.

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In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable liquid metamaterial microstrip-based radiating structure is proposed and it is an attempt toward achieving reconfiguration in liquid metamaterial-based microstrip radiating structures. Reconfigurable antenna design is superstrated with five liquid metamaterial layers based on a distilled water split-ring resonator. Superstrate layers give enhancement from 6.5 dB to 13.1 dB in gain of the proposed antenna. A patch is reconfigured through PIN diodes as RF switches. Switching ‘on’ and ‘off’ states of PIN diodes are used for reconfiguration of frequency an

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31

Jin, Kangjie, Seung-Soo Han, Donghyun Baek, and Han Lim Lee. "Small Drone Detection Using Hybrid Beamforming 24 GHz Fully Integrated CMOS Radar." Drones 9, no. 7 (2025): 453. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9070453.

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This paper presents a compact 24 GHz radar with a 4-transmit (4Tx) and 4-receive (4Rx) CMOS radar IC, integrated with a 4 × 4 Tx array and four 1 × 4 receive Rx array antennas, optimized for enhancing small drone detection. By employing the hybrid beamforming technique based on analog beamforming on the transmit side and independent four-channel digital reception, the proposed radar achieves high spatial resolution and robust target tracking. The proposed radar features an elevation scan range of ±45° with an azimuth fan-beam half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 80° for a comprehensive detection fie

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Choi, Yu-Seong, Jeong-Su Park, and Wang-Sang Lee. "Beam-Reconfigurable Multi-Antenna System with Beam-Combining Technology for UAV-to-Everything Communications." Electronics 9, no. 6 (2020): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9060980.

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This paper proposes a beam-reconfigurable antenna for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with wide beam coverage by applying beam-combining technology to multiple antennas with different beam patterns. The proposed multi-antenna system consists of a circular patch antenna and a low-profile printed meandered monopole antenna. For beam combining, a coplanar waveguide with ground (CPW-G) structure feeding network is proposed, and it consists of two input ports, a 90° hybrid coupler, a microstrip 90° phase delay line, and a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch. It performs the role of power distrib

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Ravi, Kiran Chand, and Jayendra Kumar. "Miniaturized Parasitic Loaded High-Isolation MIMO Antenna for 5G Applications." Sensors 22, no. 19 (2022): 7283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197283.

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In this paper, a multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is reported for 5G frequency range-2 (FR-2), 28 GHz bands. The MIMO antenna is developed in multiple iterations, including single-element design, cross-polarization reduction, and mutual coupling reduction. Initially, a single-element coplanar edge feed rectangular patch antenna is designed and the E-plane cross-polarization is reduced by −13 dB by trimming the forward corners of the patch. The ground plane is truncated to improve the −3 dB half-power-beamwidth (HPBW). A multi-wavelength spiral inspired parasitic surrounding the si

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Fokin, Grigoriy, and Dmitriy Volgushev. "Model for Interference Evaluation in 5G Millimeter-Wave Ultra-Dense Network with Location-Aware Beamforming." Information 14, no. 1 (2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info14010040.

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Location-Aware Beamforming (LAB) in Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) is a breakthrough technology for 5G New Radio (NR) and Beyond 5G (B5G) millimeter wave (mmWave) communication. Directional links with narrow antenna half-power beamwidth (HPBW) and massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) processing systems allows to increase transmitter and receiver gains and thus facilitates to overcome high path loss in mmWave. Well known problem of pencil beamforming (BF) is in construction of precoding vectors at the transmitter and combining vectors at the receiver during directional link establishing a

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Septima, Uzma, Nasrul, Firdaus, and Rafika Uliana. "Design and construct a Yagi Antenna with Three Reflector Element to Strengthen 4G Signal in Rural Areas." International Journal of Advanced Science Computing and Engineering 5, no. 2 (2023): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.62527/ijasce.5.2.144.

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Rural areas are indicated to be still difficult to reach by 4G signals due to diverse topographical conditions and uneven landscapes, especially hilly areas that weaken the signal reception level in this region. To make the 4G signal accessible in this area, a repeater in the form of an antenna is needed to strengthen the signal. In this study, a yagi antenna is designed with three reflector elements at a working frequency of 1800 Mhz 4G LTE, expected to produce a minimum gain of 12 dBi and a more focused antenna radiation to strengthen the 4G signal in rural areas. The antenna design was simu

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Abd Elrahman, Safaa I., Ahmed M. Elkhawaga, Amr H. Hussein, and Abd Elhameed A. Shaalan. "Linear Antenna Array Sectorized Beam Scanning Approaches Using Element Position Perturbation in the Azimuth Plane." Sensors 23, no. 14 (2023): 6557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146557.

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In this paper, two sector beam scanning approaches (BSAs) based on element position perturbations (EPPs) in the azimuth plane are introduced. In EPP-BSA, the elements’ excitations are kept constant and the elements’ positions in the direction normal to the array line are changed according to a predetermined EPP pattern. The magnitude and repetition rate of the selected EPP pattern determines the steering angle of the main beam. However, EPP-BSA results in a wide scanning range with a significant increase in the side lobe level (SLL). To mitigate this drawback, a reduction in the SLL of the arr

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Jeong, Taeyong, Juho Yun, Kyunghyun Oh, Jihyung Kim, Dae Woong Woo, and Keum Cheol Hwang. "Shape and Weighting Optimization of a Subarray for an mm-Wave Phased Array Antenna." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (2021): 6803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156803.

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This paper discusses how to optimize the weighting of individual subarrays to derive the low sidelobe level (SLL) based on quadratic programming (QP) and how to derive QP parameters to ensure that the objective function is composed of the quadratic function form, with the actual number identical to the standard objective function of QP. Next, in order to analyze the SLL, a 24 × 24 phased array antenna was compared with 96 transmit–receive modules (TRMs) attached only to the subarray stage and a phased array antenna with 576 TRMs attached to all radiating elements without a subarray. Optimized

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Arun, M., and M. R. Ebenezar Jebarani. "Design of Pattern Synthesis of Nonuniform Amplitude Microstrip Patch Antenna Array." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 19, no. 12 (2024): 1316–25. https://doi.org/10.1166/jno.2024.3697.

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To address long-distance communication needs, it is sometimes necessary to construct Microstrip Patch antennas with notably directional properties (relatively high gains). Increasing the antenna’s electrical size will achieve this goal. It is possible to increase the antenna’s overall dimensions without increasing the size of its parts by arranging the radiating elements in a specific electrical and geometrical arrangement. The new antenna comprises many pieces and is called an array. The items in an array are usually the same. Vector addition of the fields emitted by the individual elements g

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Bose, Ranjan, Andreas Hayn, and Rolf Jakoby. "Intra- and inter-cell interference investigations for broadband radio access systems above 10 GHz." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 2 (June 30, 2001): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2001.2.59.

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Local multipoint distribution systems (LMDS) operating above 10 GHz have a large bandwidth (2--3 GHz) but a very limited range. These systems can provide coverage to a few kilometers only. The size of the macro cells illuminated by the base stations, where line of sight (LOS) exists, is 1 to 6 km. To provide coverage to customers where LOS is not possible, repeaters or passive reflectors may be used. In this paper we present first results of reflection measurements at 42 GHz, and based on that, simple multipath studies, taking into account the beamwidth of the antennas of both, transmitter and

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Li, Xue-Ping, Meng-Meng Li, Jun-Fei Ji, Qian-Qian Sun, Wei Li, and An-Xue Zhang. "A Dual-Band Low-Profile Microstrip Antenna with Fan-Shaped and Rectangular Beams." Electronics 12, no. 19 (2023): 4040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194040.

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In this article, a dual-frequency microstrip antenna capable of radiating sector beams and rectangular beams is designed. Firstly, the characteristic mode of microstrip antennas is analyzed, and the principle of half-power beam width (HPBW) enhancement of microstrip antennas is studied from the mode combination theory. Studies have shown that when multiple eigenmodes are excited simultaneously at the same frequency point, the radiation modes can be combined to widen the E-plane HPBW. The measurement results indicate that the S11 of the antenna in the two frequency bands is less than −25 dB. In

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Guélin, M., N. A. Patel, M. Bremer, et al. "IRC +10 216 in 3D: morphology of a TP-AGB star envelope." Astronomy & Astrophysics 610 (February 2018): A4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731619.

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During their late pulsating phase, AGB stars expel most of their mass in the form of massive dusty envelopes, an event that largely controls the composition of interstellar matter. The envelopes, however, are distant and opaque to visible and NIR radiation: their structure remains poorly known and the mass-loss process poorly understood. Millimeter-wave interferometry, which combines the advantages of longer wavelength, high angular resolution and very high spectral resolution is the optimal investigative tool for this purpose. Mm waves pass through dust with almost no attenuation. Their spect

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Mohd, Saiful Riza Bashri, and Amalina Ramli Noor. "Flexible milimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna array for wearable RF energy harvesting applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 3 (2021): 1976–84. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp1976-1984.

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In this paper, a series-fed milimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna array operating at 28 GHz is presented for wearable radio-frequency (RF) energy harvesting applications. The antenna array is made of 4×4 rectangular microstrip elements on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate to provide conformability when directly attached on human body parts. A 4-way Wilkinson power divider is connected to the array for RF power combining. The overall size of the antenna is 47×28×0.25 mm. The halfpower beamwidth (HPBW) of the antenna array can be increased up to 151.9 via structura

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Alogla, A., M. A. H. Eleiwa, and H. Alshortan. "Design and Evaluation of Transmitting Antennas for Solar Power Satellite Systems." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 11, no. 6 (2021): 7950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4607.

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This study attempts to identify, design, and evaluate transmitting antennas for Solar Power Satellite (SPS) systems. The design approach aimed at meeting the SPS operational requirements at ISM bands, namely 2.4-2.5GHz for the NASA and 5.725-5.875GHz for the JAXA models. The primary attributes of SPS antennas for transmitting Beamed High-Power Microwaves (BHPMs) are high power handling capability, efficiency, and directivity with narrow beamwidth and lower sidelobe levels. Using a planar end-fed 20×20 SWA module, the whole planar Slotted Waveguide Antenna Arrays (SWAAs) were designed for both

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ADEAGBO, ENOCH, WALIU APENA, and KAYODE AKINGBADE. "QUADRIFILAR HELIX ANTENNA FOR WEATHER SATELLITE RECEPTION." Journal of Engineering Studies and Research 26, no. 3 (2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/jesr.v26i3.202.

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The study designed and implemented quadrifilar helix antenna (QHA) for weather satellite signal reception. The antenna design and optimization were done by varying the element diameter, the radial lengths, the axial lengths, and element materials on adopted model. The simulated QHA has far-field radiation pattern in the upper hemisphere with maximum gain of 4.14dBi at 0o and omnidirectional coverage, half-power beamwidth of 140o, bandwidth of 6.5MHz, and VSWR of 1.13. The implemented QHA has major lobe in conformity with the simulated QHA with maximum gain of 10.75dB at 0o, and half-power beam

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Poochaya, Settawit, and Peerapong Uthansakul. "Beam Tracking in Switched-Beam Antenna System for V2V Communication." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4169619.

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This paper presents the proposed switched beam antenna system for V2V communication including optimum antenna half power beamwidth determination in urban road environments. SQP optimization method is selected for the computation of optimum antenna half power beamwidth. In addition, beam tracking algorithm is applied to guarantee the best beam selection with maximum RSSI. The results present the success of the proposed system with the increasing of V2V performance metrics. Also, V2V data dissemination via the proposed system introduces the enhancement of V2V link in terms of RSSI, PER, BER,Tsaf

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Li, Chao, Fu-Shun Zhang, Fan Zhang, and Kaiwen Yang. "A Compact Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Antenna with Wide HPBWs for CNSS Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3563949.

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A compact dual-band circularly polarized antenna with wide half-power beamwidths (HPBWs) for compass navigation satellite system applications is proposed in this paper. The CP radiation is realized by arranging four compact dual-band inverted-F monopoles symmetrically to the center point, where the four monopoles are excited with a 90° phase offset through a compact sequential-phase feeding network. The compactness of the dual-band inverted-F monopole is realized by inserting two chip inductors in the horizontal portion of the monopole. The overall dimension of the antenna is only 0.211λ0 × 0.

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Kordas, G., K. B. Baltzis, G. S. Miaris, and J. N. Sahalos. "Pyramidal-horn design under constraints on half-power beamwidth." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 44, no. 1 (2002): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/74.997920.

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Verma, Shreyashree, Anil Kumar, and Neelesh Agrawal. "Design and Performance Analysis of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication at 2.4 GHz." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 7s (2023): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i7s.7494.

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This paper presents the design of a rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) intended for operation at 2.4 GHz frequency, predominantly used in wireless communication. The proposed MPA, designed on an FR4-Epoxy substrate using a microstrip line feeding approach, was simulated using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The primary metrics evaluated included return loss, gain, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and half-power beamwidth. The findings revealed an impressive return loss of -25dB and a moderate gain of 1.48 dB at the target frequency. The VSWR value was approximately 1,

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Wu, Huaning, Chao Liu, and Xu Xie. "Thinning of Concentric Circular Antenna Arrays Using Improved Binary Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/365280.

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This study presents a novel optimization algorithm based on invasive weed optimization (IWO) for reduction of the maximum side lobe level (SLL) with specific half power beam width (HPBW) of thinned large multiple concentric circular arrays of uniformly excited isotropic elements. IWO is a powerful optimization technique for many continuous problems. But, for discrete problems, it does not work well. In this paper, the authors propose an improved binary IWO (IBIWO) for pattern synthesis of thinned circular array. The thinning percentage of the array is kept equal to or more than 50% and the HPB

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Nasir, Jamal, Aftab Ahmad Khan, Shoaib Khaliq, et al. "Effects of Mutual Coupling on Gain and Beam Width of a Linear Array of a Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Main Beam Scanning Applications." Sensors 22, no. 18 (2022): 6820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186820.

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The effects of mutual coupling on the scanning characteristics of a four-element linear rectangular dielectric resonator antenna array (RDRA) are investigated for different inter-element spacing in this work. In particular, the gain and half-power beam width (HPBW) of an RDRA are studied for various scan angles in the E- and H-plane configurations. It is shown that for both the E and H planes, mutual coupling has an adverse effect on the performance of both phased array configurations. The H-plane array, however, is more stable than the E-plane array in terms of a gain and beam width performan

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