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Journal articles on the topic 'Half wave rectification'
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1
Ohira, Takashi. "Half-Wave Rectification [Enigmas etc.]." IEEE Microwave Magazine 24, no. 5 (2023): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmm.2023.3242520.
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Regan, Marian P. "Linear half-wave rectification of modulated sinusoids." Applied Mathematics and Computation 62, no. 1 (1994): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0096-3003(94)90133-3.
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YUCE, ERKAN, and HALIL ALPASLAN. "A CMOS CURRENT RECTIFIER CONFIGURATION SUITABLE FOR INTEGRATION." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 21, no. 07 (2012): 1250052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500521.
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In this paper, a CMOS-based one input-two output current-mode (CM) circuit structure for providing full-wave rectification and half-wave rectifications to clarify the theory is proposed. The suggested configuration has many important advantages such as dissipating very less power, employing reduced number of CMOS transistors, having high output impedance currents and without requiring any additional bias currents and voltages. In order to exhibit performance and effectiveness of the proposed topology, SPICE simulation results are given.
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Schaab, Jakob, Sandra H. Skjærvø, Stephan Krohns, et al. "Electrical half-wave rectification at ferroelectric domain walls." Nature Nanotechnology 13, no. 11 (2018): 1028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0253-5.
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Solomon, Joshua A., and George Sperling. "Full-wave and half-wave rectification in second-order motion perception." Vision Research 34, no. 17 (1994): 2239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(94)90105-8.
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Anurag, Rashika, Neeta Pandey, and Ritu Vijay. "OTRA Based Half Wave Rectifier." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 6, no. 1 (2018): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.611806.
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Precision rectifier finds application in a number of measurement and instrumentation systems. Earlier op-amps were used to implement precision rectifiers by connecting diodes in their feedback loops. Due to very high gain those circuits were capable of rectifying voltages even in millivolts. However in high frequency regions op-amps would not be a good choice because of their finite slew rates. The operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) can be used as an alternate active block for low voltage rectification in high frequency range. This paper presents an OTRA based half wave rectifier (HWR). Its operation is validated through SPICE simulation, wherein OTRA is implemented using current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) which is commercially available as AD844 IC. The simulation results are in conformation with the proposed theory.
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Regan, Marian P. "Half-wave linear rectification of a frequency modulated sinusoid." Applied Mathematics and Computation 79, no. 2-3 (1996): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0096-3003(95)00249-9.
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Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher. "Nonlinear distortion of an FM signal by half-wave linear rectification." Applied Mathematics and Computation 99, no. 1 (1999): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0096-3003(97)10179-5.
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Chubb, Charles, and Jong-Ho Nam. "Variance of high contrast textures is sensed using negative half-wave rectification." Vision Research 40, no. 13 (2000): 1677–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(00)00007-9.
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N., Andi Rosman. "Analisis Ripple Voltage pada Rangkaian Half-Wave Rectifier dan Full-Wave Rectifier Menggunakan Kombinasi Filter Kapasitor dan Resistor." Indonesian Journal of Fundamental Sciences 9, no. 2 (2023): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ijfs.v9i2.54399.
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The aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the ripple voltage in half wave and full wave rectifier circuits with a focus on the use of a combination of capacitor and resistor filters. This research is experimental research using Circuit Wizard. The tools and materials used include CT transformers, diodes, resistors, capacitors, multimeters, alternating power sources, and oscilloscopes. The research process begins by designing and implementing a circuit in the Circuit Wizard simulator according to the concept of half wave and full wave rectification with capacitor and resistor filters. The research results show that to produce a small ripple voltage, use large capacitance and resistance values. The best ripple voltage value produced is 0.6 V when using a 150 mF capacitor or 1000 Ohm resistor.
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Chien, Hung-Chun. "Switch-Controllable Full-Phase Operation Precision Half-Wave Rectifier Using a Single OTRA." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 07 (2016): 1650070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500705.
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This paper proposes designing a precision rectification circuit by using a single operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA). The proposed circuit is a switch-controllable OTRA-based full-phase operation precision half-wave rectifier, which can rectify an input signal to yield four-phase half-wave rectified output signals. Compared with existing designs, the advantage of the proposed circuit is that all of the possible rectified outputs of a half-wave rectifier can be obtained in one configuration. This paper first reviews previously reported half-wave precision rectifiers consisting of various active devices and the proposed OTRA-based precision half-wave rectifier; subsequently, an analysis of non-ideal effects and design considerations are presented. Computer simulations of the proposed circuit were conducted for verifying the feasibility of the circuit by using the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.35-[Formula: see text]m CMOS process technology. For practical circuit measurements, a prototype circuit was implemented, and commercially integrated circuits (AD844ANs) and discrete passive components were used to conduct experimental tests. The simulation and experimental results exhibited satisfactory agreement with those of theoretical analyses.
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Lee, Deuk-Hee, Dong-Hoon Park, Sangsig Kim, and Sang Yeol Lee. "Half wave rectification of inorganic/organic heterojunction diode at the frequency of 1kHz." Thin Solid Films 519, no. 16 (2011): 5658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.03.021.
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Ghosh, N., W. P. Kang, and J. L. Davidson. "Half-wave rectification and envelope detection utilising monolithic nanodiamond lateral field emission diode." Electronics Letters 47, no. 21 (2011): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2011.2583.
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Hao, Daning, Lingji Kong, Zutao Zhang, et al. "An electromagnetic energy harvester with a half-wave rectification mechanism for military personnel." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 57 (June 2023): 103184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103184.
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Zhai, Shixian. "Recent advances in single-phase rectification methods." Applied and Computational Engineering 62, no. 1 (2024): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/62/20240443.
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With the increasing number of population, people are increasingly dependent on electricity. In recent years, more and more public transportations like bus, taxi take the mode of pure electric. The function of rectifier is to transform the AC current into DC current, which is a significant research direction in electrical industry, especially in power electronic technology. In our nation, the national grid supplies 220V 50Hz AC to residence, it is a voltage pattern that varies periodically. Due to the lower loss of power during long-distance transmission, it has become the basic mode of power transmission and supply in the world. In usual production and our daily life, we frequently need DC (such as: mobile phones, flashlights, computers, charging piles for electric vehicles, etc.), so rectifier has become a heated research part. At present, more and more researches are based on power electronic technology, design all kinds of rectifier circuit by using the between conductor and insulator property of semiconductors. This essay provides an overview of single-phase rectifier circuits (including half-wave rectifier, full-wave rectifier, and bridge rectifier) and passive power factor correction.
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Tang, Hualian, Ailan Tang, Weifeng Liu, Jingxiang Huang, Jianjun Song, and Wenjie Sun. "A Negative Capacitance Field-Effect Transistor with High Rectification Efficiency for Weak-Energy 2.45 GHz Microwave Wireless Transmission." Micromachines 16, no. 1 (2024): 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16010058.
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This paper proposes and designs a silicon-based negative capacitance field effect transistor (NCFET) to replace conventional MOSFETs as the rectifying device in RF-DC circuits, aiming to enhance the rectification efficiency under low-power density conditions. By combining theoretical analysis with device simulations, the impacts of the ferroelectric material anisotropy, ferroelectric layer thickness, and active region doping concentration on the device performance were systematically optimized. The proposed NCFET structure is tailored for microwave wireless power transmission applications. Based on the optimized NCFET, a half-wave rectifier circuit employing a novel diode connection configuration was constructed and verified through transient simulations. The results show that at a microwave frequency of 2.45 GHz, the designed NCFET rectifier achieves rectification efficiencies of 16.1% and 29.75% at input power densities of −10 dBm and −6 dBm, respectively, which are 7.15 and 2.3 times higher than those of conventional silicon-based MOS devices. Furthermore, it significantly outperforms CMOS rectifiers reported in the literature. This study demonstrates the superior rectification performance of the proposed NCFET under low-power density conditions, offering an efficient device solution for microwave wireless power transmission systems.
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Zhao, Zhiheng, and Jinhong Sun. "Dual-Loop Constant Voltage Regulation in Wireless Power Transfer Systems Using Phase-Shift and Duty Cycle Modulation." Electronics 13, no. 24 (2024): 4920. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13244920.
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This study investigates the single transmitter and single receiver (STSR) with dual-output capability. This methodology utilizes dual half-wave rectification. Initially, the system topology of the STSR multi-channel voltage output is presented with the inductor-capacitor-capacitor-series (LCC-S) compensation topology, followed by an in-depth analysis of its double-channel voltage output characteristics. Through detailed analysis and empirical validation, the system is shown to maintain high efficiency and stable performance, making it well-suited for applications demanding reliable dual-voltage outputs under dynamic conditions.
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Mi, Jia, Qiaofeng Li, Mingyi Liu, Xiaofan Li, and Lei Zuo. "Design, modelling, and testing of a vibration energy harvester using a novel half-wave mechanical rectification." Applied Energy 279 (December 2020): 115726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115726.
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Leuw, Bradley, Jianzhao Geng, James H. P. Rice, Dominic A. Moseley, and Rodney A. Badcock. "A half-wave superconducting transformer-rectifier flux pump using J c(B) switches." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 3 (2022): 035009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac4f3d.
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Abstract High temperature superconducting (HTS) flux pumps can generate ultra-high currents (>1 kA) without the requirement for thermally inefficient room temperature current leads. Ultra-high currents enable physically smaller magnets with significantly less inductance unlocking new design opportunities. However, limited by intrinsically low electrical power efficiencies, existing HTS flux pumps cannot output high voltage or high power. In this work, we design, devise, and experimentally verify a transformer–rectifier type HTS flux pump using Jc(B) switching. We show that the rectification can be achieved by exploiting the HTS E-J relation with the application of DC magnetic fields. A quasi-persistent current of 54.5 A has been achieved at 77 K only limited by the load coil critical current. In addition, the electrical power efficiencies of both half-wave and full-wave flux pump are derived. We illustrate that the fundamental J c(B) mechanism provides significantly higher efficiency than existing HTS flux pumps. This advancement will overthrow the common knowledge that HTS flux pumps could only be used for maintaining rather than fast ramping magnetic fields.
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Edris, Zuhor Farag. "Simulation Software as a Teaching Aid for Some Electronic Circuits Applications." Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences 22, no. 1 (2023): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v22i1.2603.
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Electronic circuit technology is an important field with several scientific and practical applications. and that technology has been found that most modern electronic devices required nonlinear elements such as diodes, Transistors and operational amplifiers. Diodes have a variety of applications in electronics, including rectification, voltage demodulators, voltage regulation, logic gates and so on. In addition, transistors have many applications, which are widely used in electronics for amplification, switching, digital logic circuits, Power regulation, and oscillators. However, op-amps are electronic devices that can be used in a wide range of applications including Amplification, inverting, noninverting, summers, integrators, filtering, and comparators.This paper presents some examples of experimental simulation using Simulink software as a demonstration to students to make them understand the fundamentals of these nonlinear elements. Some experimental simulations were dealt with using diodes as a half-wave rectification, full-wave rectifier voltage regulator, and voltage limiter. However, the other experimental simulations dealt with OP-amp as an inverting, non-inverting, summer, subtractor, integrator and differentiator. Additionally, an operational amplifier is an important element in the design of active filters. Students can easily learn how to make experiment with this software in order to learn at their own time and pace. This helps visualize the fundaments of Op-Amp as well as any other physical system.
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Syazmie Bin Sepeeh, Muhamad, Farahiyah Binti Mustafa, Anis Maisarah Binti Mohd Asry, Sy Yi Sim, and Mastura Shafinaz Binti Zainal Abidin. "Development of Op-Amp Based Piezoelectric Rectifier for Low Power Energy Harvesting Applications." MATEC Web of Conferences 150 (2018): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815001012.
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In this study, the development of operational amplifier (op-amp) based rectifier for piezoelectric energy harvesting applications was studied. The two stage op-amp full wave rectifier was used to convert the AC signal to DC signal voltage received by piezoelectric devices. The inverted half wave rectifier integrated with full wave rectifier were designed and simulated using MultiSIM software. The circuit was then fabricated onto a printed circuit board (PCB), using standard fabrication process. The achievement of this rectifier was able to boost up the maximum voltage of 5 V for input voltage of 800 mV. The output of the rectifier was in DC signal after the rectification by the op-amp. In term of power, the power dissipation was reduced consequently the waste power decreases. Future work includes optimization of the rectifying circuit to operate more efficiently can be made to increase the efficiency of the devices.
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Zhou, Yan, Yu Sun, and Ziwen Yang. "The Design of a Contactless Unregulated Power Converter for the Separated Modules." Energies 13, no. 16 (2020): 4118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164118.
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In the contactless unregulated power converter application with high output current, optimizing coil structures and using synchronous rectification are important for achieving high efficiency. This paper proposes a separated planar structure of coils to achieve the design goals and gives its equivalent circuit model. On the power transmitting pad, double coils are used to enhance the ability of the output power levels. In order to implement full-wave synchronous rectification (FWSR), the power receiving pad also adopts double coils. The power coils on both sides have similar structures to obtain a balance-induced voltage in each half of the switching period, and the principles of the optimal turn ratio in coils are discussed. Meanwhile, four typical self-driven coil structures are compared and analyzed. The effect of the coupling coefficient and load currents on the loss of the duty cycle is discussed. To satisfy the requirements of output voltage, the rules for selecting the minimum ferrite core are summarized. A 120 W unregulated intermediate bus converter is built. The whole system achieves 90.7% efficiency under all loading ranges, and the maximum efficiency of the system is 94.5% at a 3.5A load current.
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Zuansah, Rachmat Munggaran, and Alaydrus Mudrik. "Efficiency of Wireless Power Transfer System with PWM Methode as Rectifier on Receiver." TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control 16, no. 4 (2018): 1427–34. https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v16i4.8046.
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One part of the wireless power transfer system is rectifier, where the energy which received by the receiver conditioned according to the device character. While devices with direct current as a wave form of electrical energy is commonly used. Conventional rectifier was using half wave or full wave circuit where uses diode circuit, capacitor and transformer as filter. The disadvantage of the system is reactive power and harmonization. We proposed the pulse width modulation because PWM could enhanced power factor value on an AC voltage source system with 50 Hz frequency. The main focus on which this study was based was to derive efficiency values from pulse width modulation utilization in the rectification process while the frequency work at 5 MHz and highest power at 54.48 Watt, and compare this reasearch with published research for similar systems. To achieve the objectives of this study then performed design and build system, measurement and analysis of the value of system efficiency. The results of the research obtained the highest value of efficiency at 81%.
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Machado, F. L. A., P. R. T. Ribeiro, M. Gamino, S. M. Rezende, and A. Azevedo. "Half-wave rectification of ac-magnetic-field effects by mixing thermal spin and charge currents in a NiO/Pt nanostructure." Applied Physics Letters 115, no. 6 (2019): 062402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5110409.
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Feng, Shu Ling, Chong Wu, Ming Hu, and Wei Long. "The Development of Multifunctional Inverter Power." Key Engineering Materials 439-440 (June 2010): 966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.439-440.966.
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A multifunctional inverter welding machine with the functions of DC gas tungsten arc welding, argon tungsten pulsed arc welding, manual arc welding and air plasma arc welding gather in integral whole is introduced in this work. In whose development, the theory of half-bridge series resonant inverter is used as the basis, while the fast SCR as the inverter. When in the situation of welding, full-wave rectification is used, with a working voltage of 36V; while in the situation of cutting, bridge rectifier is used, with a working voltage of 100V~125V. According to a large number of experiments and tests in the development process, the correctness of the mathematical modal of the fast SCR inverter is verified, and a new method of inverter circuit parameter design is obtained. By which, the theoretical basis is provided for the development of inverter welding machine.
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Torreão, José R. A., and Marcos S. Amaral. "Quantum-like signal-tuned approach to V1 modeling." International Journal of Modern Physics C 30, no. 05 (2019): 1950032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183119500323.
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Signal-tuned Gabor functions — Gaussian-modulated sinusoids whose parameters are determined by a spatial or spectral “tuning signal” — have previously been shown to provide a plausible model for the stimulus-dependent receptive fields and responses of the simple and complex cells of the primary visual cortex (V1). The signal-tuned responses obey Schrödinger equations, which has led to the proposal of a quantum-like model for V1 cells: by considering the squared magnitude of a particular signal-tuned wave function as a probability density, one arrives at a Poisson spiking process which appears consistent with the neurophysiological findings. Here, by incorporating Hermite-polynomial factors to the signal-tuned Gabor functions, we obtain a generalized quantum-like signal-tuned model for which further relevant properties are demonstrated, such as receptive-field coding of the stimulus and its derivatives, saturating spatial summation curves and half-wave rectification of the simple cell responses. Although only a one-dimensional approach is considered here, such properties will carry over to a two-dimensional model, in which case, as our preliminary analysis indicates, end-stopping — another important feature of cortical cells — can also be accommodated.
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V, Vijesh, Satheesh Kumar K, S. Swapna M, and Sankararaman S. "Markov Chain: A Novel Tool for Electronic Ripple Analysis." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 15, no. 39 (2022): 1971–77. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v15i39.1518.
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Abstract <strong>Objective:</strong> To delineate a novel surrogate approach to analyse the ripple component by constructing a complex network using the Markov model.<strong> Methods:</strong> Adjacency matrices (A) are constructed from the digital storage oscilloscope output signal of the Full-Wave (FWR) and Half-Wave Rectifiers (HWR) without and with a filter. The centrality measures - indegree, outdegree, in closeness, out closeness, Weighted Network Clustering Coefficient (WNCC) – are also computed for the Markov chain. <strong>Findings:</strong> With the increase of filter capacitance, more elements in the adjacency matrix become zero. Finally, only one matrix element corresponding to A10;10 remains nonzero for FWR and A20;20 for HWR, indicating the total rectification of the signal at 10 volts. The Markov chain analysis shows that as the ripple component decreases, the number of unconnected nodes increases and the self-loop of the last node increases. For the rectifier output without filtering, it is found that all the nodes are interconnected through edges. The greater the filtering efficiency, the greater the indegree and outdegree, and the lesser the incloseness, outcloseness and WNCC measures. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Complex network; Markov chain; Rectifier; Time series; Ripple
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Aneela Sajjad and Dr. Ahmad Choudhry. "An Efficient Approach to Design Switch Mode Power Supply for LED Lamp." Annual Methodological Archive Research Review 3, no. 5 (2025): 35–58. https://doi.org/10.63075/zhstbp68.
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This paper presents the multistage switch mode power supply for LED lamp with output power of 98W and possesses 95 % efficiency. Proposed scheme for switch mode power supply has designed using forward converter satureable transformer. In this topology three stages are used to optimize the power, first stage is AC to DC rectification, second is DC to DC conversion in which forward converter has used to step down the voltage at specific level. This converter operates in the 36 KHz frequency which allows to reduce the size of passive elements i.e. capacitors, transformers and inductors, and third stage is filtration. Half wave rectifier is connected at the secondary side of the transformer. The half wave rectifier provides dc output, which is directly connected to the string of LEDs, and desired voltages are obtained across LED lamp. All the dynamics in these stages are in the form of closed loop to implement a suitable controller in LABVIEW. The overall topology is controlled by using PID controller. The converter regulates the current of LEDs by using constant current feedback circuit. As LEDs current is nonlinear so we must have to regulate current rather than voltage. Proposed scheme does not need any input voltage feedback or input current sensing devices. THD in voltage has been reduced to 2% at main AC lines and overall efficiency of proposed scheme is 95%. PCB layout of proposed scheme and experimental simulations has been done on NI MULTISIM
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Daneev, A. V., R. A. Daneev, and V. N. Sizykh. "IMPLEMENTATION OF A RATIONAL METHOD OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS TRANSITIONAL PROCESSES IN A VALVE MAGNETOELECTRIC GENERATOR WITH SIX-PHASE ZERO RECTIFICATION CIRCUIT." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 24, no. 1 (2022): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/1990-5378-2022-24-1-67-78.
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The article poses and solves the problem of developing a universal simulation model of a six-phase magnetoelectric generator (MEG) with a half-wave rectifier based on the mathematical modeling technique, taking into account the rational form of representation of the valve generator (VG) equations and the optimal, in terms of machine time, organization computational procedures. The mathematical description of the gate MEG is based on the method of representing the model equations in a homogeneous coordinate basis of variables, which makes it possible to describe the electromagnetic processes of the SH by a system of differential equations (DE) of the minimum order (in terms of the number of independent circuit circuits - chords of a tree of a directed graph) order. This method is preferred due to the fact that the power structure of the investigated VG does not contain capacitive elements.
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Fabian, Salazar, Núñez Maritza, Cuji Julio, and Gordón Carlos. "Architectures of Energy Harvesting Systems." Enfoque UTE 12, no. 4 (2021): 45–57. https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.777.
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This article develops the literary review of the architectures of energy harvesting systems, identifying parameters such as: frequency, type of antenna, architecture (elements), among others. The methodology has four stages: a) Search for documentation, 10 systems were obtained, which were designated with the letter "S" accompanied by the article number; b) Reading of scientific documents; c) Extraction of information and architecture of the systems, where the stages of each system are detailed (which vary from 2 to 4), the working frequencies (300 KHz to 3.43 GHz, 2.45 GHz being the most used in systems for collecting radio frequency energy). In addition to using in certain systems, multiplier and rectifier circuits in different configurations: half wave, full wave; to later be stored in batteries or directly applied to devices; d) Documentation of the information extracted. Finally, after completing the literary review, it was observed that, in most articles, the systems have 3 stages: antenna, coupling, and rectification that transforms the received energy (alternating current) into direct current, their operation varies in frequency intervals of 1.8 to 2.4 GHz depending on the configuration of each system. Likewise, the product obtained is a consultation APP, with a selection menu of the different architectures investigated, which is a very beneficial contribution for researchers who wish to work in this area.
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Rowe, M. H., and L. A. Palmer. "Spatio-temporal receptive-field structure of phasic W cells in the cat retina." Visual Neuroscience 12, no. 1 (1995): 117–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800007367.
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AbstractThe spatio-temporal receptive-field structure of 54 phasic W cells in cat retinas has been examined using the reverse-correlation method of Jones and Palmer (1987). Within this sample, 12 cells had on-center, 16 off-center, and 26 on-off receptive fields. Three of the on-center and seven of the on-off cells were directionally selective. Forty percent of the cells in this sample had local receptive fields consisting of two or more distinct subregions. However, no correlation was observed between the number of subregions in the local receptive field and other response properties such as center sign or direction selectivity. In all cases, individual subregions, including those in on-off cells, appear to be produced by a half-wave rectification of the input signal. For 76% of the cells, these local receptive fields were contained within large suppressive fields which could be seen to extend for at least 10 deg in all directions with no apparent spatial structure. The mechanism producing the suppressive field also appears to involve a rectification of the input signal, and has a relatively high spatial resolution. Furthermore, the suppressive field itself is only responsive to moving or flickering stimuli; large, stationary gratings have no effect on the output of the local receptive-field mechanism. Thus, the overall receptive-field organization of these cells is particularly well suited for detecting local motion. The remaining 24% of cells in the sample lacked suppressive fields, and consequently responded well to large moving stimuli, but these cells were otherwise similar in their receptive-field properties to cells with suppressive fields. The significance of these properties is discussed in the context of the projections of phasic W cells to the superior colliculus and accessory optic system.
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Heeger, D. J. "Modeling simple-cell direction selectivity with normalized, half-squared, linear operators." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 5 (1993): 1885–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.5.1885.
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1. A longstanding view of simple cells is that they sum their inputs linearly. However, the linear model falls short of a complete account of simple-cell direction selectivity. We have developed a nonlinear model of simple-cell responses (hereafter referred to as the normalization model) to explain a larger body of physiological data. 2. The normalization model consists of an underlying linear stage along with two additional nonlinear stages. The first is a half-squaring nonlinearity; half-squaring is half-wave rectification followed by squaring. The second is a divisive normalization non-linearity in which each model cell is suppressed by the pooled activity of a large number of cells. 3. By comparing responses with counterphase (flickering) gratings and drifting gratings, researchers have demonstrated that there is a nonlinear contribution to simple-cell responses. Specifically they found 1) that the linear prediction from counterphase grating responses underestimates a direction index computed from drifting grating responses, 2) that the linear prediction correctly estimates responses to gratings drifting in the preferred direction, and 3) that the linear prediction overestimates responses to gratings drifting in the nonpreferred direction. 4. We have simulated model cell responses and derived mathematical expressions to demonstrate that the normalization model accounts for this empirical data. Specifically the model behaves as follows. 1) The linear prediction from counterphase data underestimates the direction index computed from drifting grating responses. 2) The linear prediction from counterphase data overestimates the response to gratings drifting in the nonpreferred direction. The discrepancy between the linear prediction and the actual response is greater when using higher contrast stimuli. 3) For an appropriate choice of contrast, the linear prediction from counterphase data correctly estimates the response to gratings drifting in the preferred direction. For higher contrasts the linear prediction overestimates the actual response, and for lower contrasts the linear prediction underestimates the actual response. 5. In addition, the normalization model is qualitatively consistent with data on the dynamics of simple-cell responses. Tolhurst et al. found that simple cells respond with an initial transient burst of activity when a stimulus first appears. The normalization model behaves similarly; it takes some time after a stimulus first appears before the model cells are fully normalized. We derived the dynamics of the model and found that the transient burst of activity in model cells depends in a particular way on stimulus contrast. The burst is short for high-contrast stimuli and longer for low-contrast stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Vladusich, Tony, Marcel P. Lucassen, and Frans W. Cornelissen. "Do Cortical Neurons Process Luminance or Contrast to Encode Surface Properties?" Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 4 (2006): 2638–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01016.2005.
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On the one hand, contrast signals provide information about surface properties, such as reflectance, and patchy illumination conditions, such as shadows. On the other hand, processing of luminance signals may provide information about global light levels, such as the difference between sunny and cloudy days. We devised models of contrast and luminance processing, using principles of logarithmic signal coding and half-wave rectification. We fit each model to individual response profiles obtained from 67 surface-responsive macaque V1 neurons in a center-surround paradigm similar to those used in human psychophysical studies. The most general forms of the luminance and contrast models explained, on average, 73 and 87% of the response variance over the sample population, respectively. We used a statistical technique, known as Akaike's information criterion, to quantify goodness of fit relative to number of model parameters, giving the relative probability of each model being correct. Luminance models, having fewer parameters than contrast models, performed substantially better in the vast majority of neurons, whereas contrast models performed similarly well in only a small minority of neurons. These results suggest that the processing of local and mean scene luminance predominates over contrast integration in surface-responsive neurons of the primary visual cortex. The sluggish dynamics of luminance-related cortical activity may provide a neural basis for the recent psychophysical demonstration that luminance information dominates brightness perception at low temporal frequencies.
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Ma, Shuqing. "Music Rhythm Detection Algorithm Based on Multipath Search and Cluster Analysis." Complexity 2021 (May 20, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5627626.
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Music rhythm detection and tracking is an important part of the music comprehension system and visualization system. The music signal is subjected to a short-time Fourier transform to obtain the frequency spectrum. According to the perception characteristics of the human auditory system, the spectrum amplitude is logarithmically processed, and the endpoint intensity curve and the phase information of the peak value are output through half-wave rectification. The Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) characteristic value is extracted according to the autocorrelation characteristic of the endpoint intensity curve. This article proposes a rhythm detection algorithm based on multipath search and cluster analysis; that is, based on the clustering algorithm, it absorbs the idea of multipath tracking and proposes its own detection and tracking algorithm. It overcomes the weakness of the clustering algorithm that needs to use Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) auxiliary input to achieve the desired effect. This algorithm completely uses the PCM signal as the input, which is more robust than the clustering algorithm. The whole process is carried out in the time domain, and the amount of calculation is much smaller than the frequency domain calculation of multipath tracking, and the linear relationship with the rhythm of the music is much better than the filter bank algorithm. This algorithm can successfully detect the rhythm of the music with a strong sense of rhythm and can track the specific position of the rhythm point.
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Mizunami, M. "Nonlinear signal transmission between second- and third-order neurons of cockroach ocelli." Journal of General Physiology 95, no. 2 (1990): 297–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.95.2.297.
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Transfer characteristics of the synapse made from second- to third-order neurons of cockroach ocelli were studied using simultaneous microelectrode penetrations and the application of tetrodotoxin. Potential changes were evoked in second-order neurons by either an extrinsic current or a sinusoidally modulated light. The synapse had a low-pass filter characteristic with a cutoff frequency of 25-30 Hz, which passed most presynaptic signals. The synapse operated at an exponentially rising part of the overall sigmoidal input/output curve relating pre- and postsynaptic voltages. Although the response of the second-order neuron to sinusoidal light was essentially linear, the response of the third-order neuron contained an accelerating nonlinearity: the response amplitude was a positively accelerated function of the stimulus contrast, reflecting nonlinear synaptic transmission. The response of the third-order neuron exhibited a half-wave rectification: the depolarizing response to light decrement was much larger than the hyperpolarizing response to light increment. Nonlinear synaptic transmission also enhanced the transient response to step-like intensity changes. I conclude that (a) the major function of synaptic transmission between second- and third-order neurons of cockroach ocelli is to convert linear presynaptic signals into nonlinear ones and that (b) signal transmission at the synapse between second- and third-order neurons of cockroach ocelli fundamentally differs from that at the synapse between photoreceptors and second-order neurons of visual systems so far studied, where the synapse operates in the midregion of the characteristic curve and the transmission is essentially linear.
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Spitzer, H., and S. Hochstein. "A complex-cell receptive-field model." Journal of Neurophysiology 53, no. 5 (1985): 1266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.53.5.1266.
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The time course of the response of a single cortical neuron to counterphase-grating stimulation may vary as a function of stimulation parameters, as shown in the preceding paper (19). The poststimulus-time histograms of the response amplitudes against time are single or double peaked, and where double peaked, the two peaks are of equal or unequal amplitudes. Furthermore, the spatial-phase dependence of cortical complex-cell responses may be a function of spatial frequency, so that the receptive field appears to have linear spatial summation at some spatial frequencies and nonlinear spatial summation at others (19). In the first part of this paper, we analyze a model receptive field that displays this behavior, and in the second part experimental data are presented and analyzed with regard to the model. The model cortical receptive field in its simplest form contains (two rows) of geniculate X-cell-like, DOG (difference-of-Gaussians)-shaped, center-surround antagonistic, circular-input subunits. We propose nonlinear summation between these two subunits, by introducing a half-wave rectification stage before pooling. The model is tested for the responses it predicts for the application of counterphase-grating stimulation. This simple model predicts the appearance of three response forms as a function of counterphase-stimulation parameters. At periodic spatial frequencies the expected-response histogram has a single peak, whose amplitude has a sinusoidal dependence on spatial phase. At spatial frequencies halfway between these, the expected-response histogram has two equal peaks whose amplitudes have a full-wave rectified sinusoidal dependence on spatial phase. At all intermediate spatial frequencies the expected-response histogram has a "mixed" form; the histogram appears sometimes with one peak, sometimes with two equal peaks, and generally with two peaks of unequal amplitude, as a function of spatial phase. Null responses are expected to appear at specific spatial phases only for the periodic spatial frequencies that give "pure" response time courses as in paragraph 5 above, and not in the more common mixed response case of paragraph 6. The analysis procedure described in the preceding paper (19) is used, separating the odd and even Fourier components of the response histograms reflecting the receptive-field intrasubunit linear summation and intersubunit nonlinear summation, respectively. We propose that this model may be used as a working hypothesis for the analysis of these aspects of the various cortical receptive-field types. Experimental data are described and discussed in terms of the model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Sugihara, I., and T. Furukawa. "Morphological and functional aspects of two different types of hair cells in the goldfish sacculus." Journal of Neurophysiology 62, no. 6 (1989): 1330–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.62.6.1330.
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1. With the use of whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp method, we examined the electrical responses of hair cells enzymatically isolated from the goldfish sacculus. 2. Hair cells from the rostral saccule had a short cell body and were ovoidal or eggplantlike in shape, whereas hair cells from the caudal saccule had a variable shape. Many had a longer cell body and were cylindrical or gourd-like in shape, but some short hair cells were also present in the caudal saccule. 3. The short hair cells had a resting potential of about -75 mV. In current-clamp experiments, these hair cells elicited damped oscillatory-potential changes of a relatively small amplitude in response to a depolarizing current. A current in the opposite direction produced a slow hyperpolarization, much larger in amplitude. 4. Resonant frequency of the short, or the oscillatory, type of hair cells ranged from 40 to 200 Hz or higher. However, resonance was generally of a poor quality as compared with that noted for hair cells in the turtle cochlea or frog sacculus. 5. The long hair cells had a resting potential of -90 to -100 mV. In current-clamp experiments, these hair cells elicited an all-or-none spike approximately 50 mV in amplitude in response to a depolarizing current. The spike was usually followed by a plateau, which was maintained for the duration of the depolarizing pulse. In some hair cells, damped slow oscillatory waves were evoked at a rate of 5-15 Hz. On the other hand, a hyperpolarizing current produced potential changes much smaller in amplitude. 6. Voltage-clamp experiments showed that Ca2+-activated K+ channel and A-current, especially its high-threshold subclass, were involved in the generation of outward rectification in the oscillatory-type hair cells. On the other hand, Na+, in addition to Ca2+, was involved in the generation of spike in the spike-type hair cells. Spike potentials were elicited even in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), but the rate of rise was slower as compared with the intact spikes. 7. The spike-type hair cells had an inwardly rectifying K+ channel similar to that noted in the tunicate egg and chick vestibular hair cell. However, the oscillatory-type hair cells had an inwardly rectifying channel similar to the hyperpolarization-activated current, Ih, of the rod inner segment, or sinoatrial nodal cell, or lacked the inwardly rectifying channel. Differences in the resting membrane potential between the oscillatory- and spike-type hair cells are probably related to differences in the inwardly rectifying channels. 8. Effects of sound stimulation were simulated by injecting a half-wave rectified sinusoidal current of various frequencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Spitzer, H., and S. Hochstein. "Simple- and complex-cell response dependences on stimulation parameters." Journal of Neurophysiology 53, no. 5 (1985): 1244–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.53.5.1244.
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We studied the response time course and amplitude dependence on stimulation parameters in cat cortical visual neurons to determine their receptive-field spatial-summation characteristics. Response poststimulus time (PST) histograms of cortical simple cells to contrast-reversal grating stimulation generally have a single peak for each stimulus temporal cycle, though the responses appear rectified. In response to contrast-reversal grating stimulation the general PST histogram time course for complex cells is two peaks, though often these peaks are of different amplitudes. The time course of complex-cell responses, and the ratio of these two response peaks often varies with stimulation parameters. The appearance of a single response peak in simple cells is reflected in the dominance of the odd harmonic Fourier portion, whereas the half-wave rectification leads to a considerable even harmonic portion. Still, this even portion is never significantly greater than the odd portion. When complex cell PST histograms have two nearly equal peaks, Fourier transformation reveals almost only even harmonic components. When the histogram contains two peaks of unequal amplitude Fourier analysis reveals large odd and even components. An even:odd Fourier harmonic portion ratio larger than 1 may be seen as a defining characteristic of complex cells, differentiating them from simple cells. Histograms with two unequal peaks appear "mixed," containing something of the "pure" single-peaked response and something of the pure double-peaked response. The degree to which the response is mixed may be measured by the ratio of the even:odd portion amplitudes. There is a great degree of variability with stimulation parameters (both spatial phase and spatial frequency) of the time course of mixed responses as opposed to the case of responses that have two equal peaks independent of stimulation grating phase and frequency. In both simple and complex cells there is a close coincidence of the spatial frequency ranges over which the even and odd portions are substantial, though many complex cells show a periodic variation of the even:odd portions ratio. This spatial-frequency dependence differs from that of LGN Y-cells where the odd portion dominates at low spatial frequencies and the even portion at high spatial frequencies. The ratio of even-to-odd portion cut-off is close to 3:1 in all Y-cells, a characteristic we did not find in cortical simple or complex cells. We suggest, therefore, that the nonlinearity of these complex cells does not derive from that of Y-cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Newland, Philip L., and Yasuhiro Kondoh. "Dynamics of Neurons Controlling Movements of a Locust Hind Leg II. Flexor Tibiae Motor Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 4 (1997): 1731–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.1731.
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Newland, Philip L. and Yasuhiro Kondoh. Dynamics of neurons controlling movements of a locust hind leg. II. Flexor tibiae motor neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1731–1746, 1997. Imposed movements of a proprioceptor that monitors the relative position of the tibia about the femur, the femorotibial chordotonal organ (FeCO), evoke resistance reflexes in the motor neurons that control the movements of the tibia of the locust. The response dynamics of one pool of motor neurons, the flexor tibiae motor neurons, which are located in three groups (anterior, lateral, and posterior), have been analyzed by the Wiener kernel method. First- and second-order kernels that represent the linear and nonlinear responses, respectively, were computed by a cross-correlation between the intracellularly recorded synaptic responses in the motor neurons and the white noise stimulus applied to the FeCO, and were used to define the input-output characteristics of the motor neurons. The posterior fast, intermediate, and slow and the anterior fast and intermediate flexor tibiae motor neurons had biphasic first-order kernels with initial negative phases, indicating that they are velocity sensitive. The falling phases of the kernels had distinct shoulders, indicating that the responses of the motor neurons also had delayed low-pass components, i.e., position sensitivity. The anterior slow flexor motor neuron had a monophasic, low-passed, first-order kernel, indicating that it is position sensitive. The linear component of the motor neuron responses, predicted by convolving the first-order kernels with the stimulus signal, strongly resembled the actual response, whereas the second-order nonlinear component was small, particularly at >10 Hz. The power spectra of the fast motor neurons showed that they had the highest cutoff frequencies (at >8 Hz), whereas the slow flexor motor neurons had a gradual roll-off at 1 Hz. The intermediate flexor motor neuron had an intermediate cutoff frequency of ∼2–3 Hz. The linear responses of the flexor motor neurons could be decomposed into low- and high-frequency components. The high-frequency components (>10 Hz) were velocity dependent and linear, whereas the low-frequency components (<10 Hz) were position dependent and nonlinear. The nonlinearity was a signal compression (or half-wave rectification). The results show that although the flexor motor neurons receive many common inputs during FeCO stimulation, each individual has specific dynamic response properties. The responses of the motor neurons are fractionated so that a given individual within the pool will respond best to position, whereas others will respond better to velocity. Likewise, some motor neurons respond best at low frequencies, whereas others respond best at higher frequencies of stimulation.
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Newland, Philip L., and Yasuhiro Kondoh. "Dynamics of Neurons Controlling Movements of a Locust Hind Leg III. Extensor Tibiae Motor Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 6 (1997): 3297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.3297.
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Newland, Philip L. and Yasuhiro Kondoh. Dynamics of neurons controlling movements of a locust hind leg. III. Extensor tibiae motor neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 3297–3310, 1997. Imposed movements of the apodeme of the femoral chordotonal organ (FeCO) of the locust hind leg elicit resistance reflexes in extensor and flexor tibiae motor neurons. The synaptic responses of the fast and slow extensor tibiae motor neurons (FETi and SETi, respectively) and the spike responses of SETi were analyzed with the use of the Wiener kernel white noise method to determine their response properties. The first-order Wiener kernels computed from soma recordings were essentially monophasic, or low passed, indicating that the motor neurons were primarily sensitive to the position of the tibia about the femorotibial joint. The responses of both extensor motor neurons had large nonlinear components. The second-order kernels of the synaptic responses of FETi and SETi had large on-diagonal peaks with two small off-diagonal valleys. That of SETi had an additional elongated valley on the diagonal, which was accompanied by two off-diagonal depolarizing peaks at a cutoff frequency of 58 Hz. These second-order components represent a half-wave rectification of the position-sensitive depolarizing response in FETi and SETi, and a delayed inhibitory input to SETi, indicating that both motor neurons were directionally sensitive. Model predictions of the responses of the motor neurons showed that the first-order (linear) characterization poorly predicted the actual responses of FETi and SETi to FeCO stimulation, whereas the addition of the second-order (nonlinear) term markedly improved the performance of the model. Simultaneous recordings from the soma and a neuropilar process of FETi showed that its synaptic responses to FeCO stimulation were phase delayed by about −30° at 20 Hz, and reduced in amplitude by 30–40% when recorded in the soma. Similar configurations of the first and second-order kernels indicated that the primary process of FETi acted as a low-pass filter. Cross-correlation between a white noise stimulus and a unitized spike discharge of SETi again produced well-defined first- and second-order kernels that showed that the SETi spike response was also dependent on positional inputs. An elongated negative valley on the diagonal, characteristic of the second-order kernel of the synaptic response in SETi, was absent in the kernel from the spike component, suggesting that information is lost in the spike production process. The functional significance of these results is discussed in relation to the behavior of the locust.
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Albeck, Y., and M. Konishi. "Responses of neurons in the auditory pathway of the barn owl to partially correlated binaural signals." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 4 (1995): 1689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.4.1689.
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1. Extracellular single-unit recording in anesthetized barn owls was used to study neuronal response to dichotic stimuli of variable binaural correlation (BC). Recordings were made in the output fibers of nucleus laminaris (NL), the anterior division of the ventral lateral lemniscal nucleus (VLVa), the core of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICcC), the lateral shell of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICcLS), and the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICx). 2. The response of all neurons sensitive to interaural time difference (ITD) varied with BC. The relationship between BC and impulse number fits a linear, a parabolic, or a ramp model. A linear or parabolic model fits most neurons in low-level nuclei. Higher order neurons in ICx did not respond to noise bursts with strong negative binaural correlation, creating a ramp-like response to BC. 3. A neuron's ability to detect ITD varied as a function of BC. Conversely, a neuron's response to BC changed with ITD. Neurons in NL, VLVa, and ICcC show almost periodic ITD response curves. In these neurons peaks and troughs of ITD response curves diminished as BC decreased, creating a flat ITD response when BC = 0. When BC was set to -1, the most favorable ITD became the least favorable one and vice versa. The ITD response curve of ICx neurons usually has a single dominant peak. The response of those neurons to a negatively correlated noise pair (BC = -1) showed two ITD peaks, flanking the position of the primary peak. 4. The parabolic BC response of NL neurons fits the prediction of the cross-correlation model, assuming half-wave rectification of the sound by the cochlea. Linear response is not predicted by the model. However, the parabolic and the linear neurons probably do not belong to two distinct groups as the difference between them is not statistically significant. Thus, the cross-correlation model provides a good description of the binaural response not only in NL but also in VLVa and ICcC. 5. Almost all ramp neurons occurred in either ICx or ICcLS where neurons are more broadly tuned to frequency than those in the lower nuclei. The synthesis of this response type requires, however, not only the convergence of different frequency channels but also inhibition between different ITD channels. We modeled the ramp response as a three-step process. First, different spectral channels converge to create broad frequency tuning. The response to variation in BC will be linear (or parabolic) because it is a sum of linear (parabolic) responses. Second, the activity in some adjacent ITD channels is subtracted by lateral inhibition. Finally, the result is rectified using a high threshold to avoid negative activity.
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Sturges, Wilton. "On the Mean Flow in the Western Gulf of Mexico and a Reappraisal of Errors in Ship-Drift Data." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 7 (2020): 1983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0260.1.
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AbstractShip-drift data in the Gulf of Mexico have led to a perplexing result, that the near-surface flow in the west has a north–south mean, of the east–west flow, ~5–10 cm s−1 into a closed basin. Ship-drift data have been used in the past hundred years under the assumption that they are reasonably accurate; the present study examines that assumption carefully, finding that the standard deviation of individual observations is typically ~20 cm s−1. In a monthly mean composed of order 400 observations or more, as examined here, the standard error of the mean will be reduced accordingly. In the southern part of the western Gulf of Mexico, the observed upper-layer flow is clearly to the west and is consistent with our expectations. In the northern part, however, the apparent flow as reported by ship drift in deep water is not significantly different from zero. Thus, the puzzling result remains: three different datasets in the southern half of the basin clearly show flow to the west, with speeds of 10 cm s−1 or more, yet there is no clear evidence of a near-surface return flow back to the east. The convergent wind stress forces downwelling of the upper layer; its return flow could be at some intermediate depth. The transport to the west from Loop Current rings is possibly returned in a deep boundary flow driven by the rectification of deep topographic Rossby waves.
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Yamada, Masaya, Yasunori Takeda, Shizuo Tokito, and Hiroyuki MATSUI. "Printed organic Schottky diode with self-assembled monolayer for 13.56 MHz band near-field communication." Applied Physics Express, May 2, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/acd1d0.
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Abstract We demonstrate printed organic Schottky diodes for the rectification of the 13.56 MHz near-field communication carrier wave. Printed silver electrodes covered with a self-assembled monolayer of 4-methylbenzenethiol were employed for the Schottky barrier. Optimizing the conditions of the self-assembled monolayer treatment was performed to improve the rectification ratio to 106 and the forward current density to 1 A cm-2. Finally, organic half-wave and full-wave rectifiers were demonstrated with a high-frequency response of output rectifying voltage of more than 5 V at 13.56 MHz.
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D., A. Baghdasaryan, S. Hakobyan E., B. Hayrapetyan D., A. Sarkisyan H., and M. Kazaryan E. "Nonlinear Optical Properties of Cylindrical Quantum Dot with Kratzer Confining Potential." January 1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068337219010067.
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Electronic states are considered in a cylindrical quantum dot with the Kratzer confining potential in the axial direction. In this system, the nonlinear optical rectification and second harmonic generation for intraband transitions are studied theoretically. Analytical expressions are calculated for the energy spectrum of the wave functions, as well as for the matrix elements. The dependences of the coefficients of the optical rectification and the second harmonic on the incident photon energy are obtained. The nonmonotonic behavior of the dependences of the peaks heights of the optical rectification coefficients depending on the half width and depth of the Kratzer confining potential in the axial direction is demonstrated.
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Hao, Daning, Lingji Kong, zutao zhang, et al. "An Electromagnetic Energy Harvester with a Half-Wave Rectification Mechanism for Military Personnel." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4330212.
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Bi Si-Han, Song Jian-Jun, Zhang Dong, and Zhang Shi-Qi. "A Ge-based dual channel rectified single ended Schottky barrier field effect transistor for 2.45G microwave wireless energy transmission." Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20220855.
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Rectifier components are the core part of microwave wireless energy transmission systems, and the development of new rectifier components is an important direction of research in the current field. Schottky diodes and field-effect transistors are currently the mainstream rectifier devices, but they have a limited rectification range and cannot achieve a wide range of rectification with both weak energy and medium energy density. In view of this, this paper proposes and designs a Ge based p-type single-ended Schottky barrier field effect transistor (Schottky contact at the source and standard p+ doping at the drain) for 2.45G microwave wireless energy transmission. Based on this, the Schottky structure of the device is fully utilised and a new diode connection is used in order to realise a dual channel wide range rectification of the trench and source lined Schottky structure opened at different bias voltages. Simulations were carried out using Silvaco TCAD software. For a half-wave rectifier circuit with a load of 0.3 pf and 70 kΩ, a wide range of -20 to 24 dBm rectification was achieved, which is 8 dBm wider than the range of Ge field-effect transistors under the same conditions, and the overall rectification efficiency is higher in the range, with a peak rectification efficiency of 57.27% at 16 dBm. The rectification efficiency at-10dBm weak energy density reaches 6.17%, which is more than 7 times that of Ge FETs under the same conditions.
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Qiu, Feng, Haoshen Zhu, Wenquan Che, and Quan Xue. "Odd-Element Half-Wave-Rectification Superposition Technique for High-Multiplication Factor Frequency Multipliers Design." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2022, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2022.3144420.
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Li, Wei, Jeng-Yu Ke, Yun-Xuan Ou-Yang, et al. "Molybdenum disulfide homogeneous junction diode fabrication and rectification characteristics." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, July 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac7fcf.
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Abstract The chemical vapor transport (CVT) method was used in this research to synthesize MoS2 bulk. Through mechanical exfoliation, we limited the thickness of MoS2 flakes from 1 to 3 μm. In order to fabricate a p-n homogeneous junction, we used oxygen plasma treatment to transform the MoS2 characteristics from n-type to p-type to fabricate a p-n homogenous junction and demonstrate the charge neutrality point (CNP) shift from -80 V to +102 V successfully using FET measurement. The MoS2 p-n homogeneous junction diode showed an excellent p-n characteristic curve during the measurements and performed great rectifying behavior with 1-10 Vpp in the half-wave rectification experiment. This work demonstrated that MoS2 flake had great potential for p-n diodes that feature significant p-n characteristics and rectifying behavior.
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Ren, Jiazhi, Jian-Jun Song, and Yuchen Zhang. "A high rectification efficiency Dual Fin Si0.7Ge0.3/Si/Si0.7Ge0.3 Quantum Well Channel Structure FinFET for 2.45 GHz micropower microwave wireless energy harvesting." Semiconductor Science and Technology, February 20, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/adb87d.
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Abstract In wireless energy harvesting systems, the performance of rectifier diodes directly determines the upper limit of rectification efficiency. Schottky diodes and MOSFETs are currently the most widely used rectifier devices, but their performance is unsatisfactory in micro-power density input environments. To address this, this paper proposes and designs a high rectification efficiency FinFET model for 2.45 GHz micro-power microwave wireless energy harvesting using Sentaurus TCAD software simulation. When selecting 16 nm gate length, 6 nm fin width, and 53 nm fin height as the basic structural parameters of the FinFET device, the device’s subthreshold swing approaches the ideal value of 60 mV/dec, significantly enhancing the switching speed. Furthermore, a dual-fin structure is adopted to maintain excellent subthreshold swing characteristics and achieve a substantial increase in drive current strength. Finally, a dual-fin strained Si quantum well channel SiGe-OI FinFET structure is proposed to reduce the adverse effects of interfacial scattering on carrier mobility while introducing stress into the channel region to further enhance carrier mobility. The improvement in rectification efficiency is verified by constructing a half-wave rectifier circuit with filter capacitors via the Mixmode module. The rectification efficiencies reach 4.94% and 21.41% when the input power is -20 dBm and -10 dBm, respectively, which are 7 times and 3.4 times higher than conventional near-zero-threshold-voltage Si-based MOS devices under the same conditions.
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Heljo, Petri S., Himadri S. Majumdar, and Donald Lupo. "High Throughput Electrochemical Method for Contact Optimization in Printed Rectifying Diodes." MRS Proceedings 1628 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.386.
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ABSTRACTWe report a low cost and high throughput electrochemical anodic oxidation method to enhance the metal-semiconductor contact between a silver electrode and an organic semiconductor in a rectifying diode application. The oxidized layer enhances the contact properties, leading to better device performance. Three different anodic oxide thicknesses were used in the study. Current-voltage and AC rectification measurements were used to characterize the printed devices. The DC output voltage of the half-wave rectifier increased consistently as a function of the oxide thickness. This procedure points toward a cost-effective way to optimize printed organic devices.