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Journal articles on the topic 'Halftone Dot'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Pjanic, P., L. Yang, A. Teleman, and R. D. Hersch. "Angular Color Prediction Model for Anisotropic Halftone Prints on a Metallic Substrate." Color and Imaging Conference 2019, no. 1 (2019): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2019.63.4.040407.

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Under specular reflection, non-isotropic halftones such as line halftones printed on an ink-receiving plastic layer superposed with a metallic layer change their colors upon in-plane rotation of the print. This color change is due to the orientation-dependent optical dot gain of the halftone. A strong dot gain occurs when the incident light is perpendicular to the halftone line structure. A color prediction model is proposed which predicts under specular reflection the color of cyan, magenta and yellow line halftones as a function of the azimuthal rotation angle, the incident angle and the line frequency. The model is calibrated by measuring 17 reflectances at the (25° : 25°) measurement geometry, with the incident light parallel to the halftone lines. The model has been tested for several azimuthal rotation and incident viewing angles, each time for 125 different cyan, magenta and yellow ink surface coverages. The obtained prediction accuracies are between ΔE94 = 3.5 and ΔE94 = 7.
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2

Mr., Sanjeev Kumar*1 Prof. (Dr.) Anjan Kumar Baral2 &. Ms. Monika3. "STUDY OF DOT GAIN IN DIFFERENT DOT SHAPES OF HALFTONE ON PRINT QUALITY BASED ON DRY TONER ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY DIGITAL PRESS." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 6, no. 2 (2019): 17–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2557482.

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Electrophotography is a non-impact printing process. Printing of an image in continuous tone is not possible by printing machine. Therefore, image has to break in halftone dot to print through any printing process. Digital printing is not exceptional. There are different halftone dot shapes available like square, elliptical, diamond etc. This leads a curiosity in mind to study the effect of different dot shape on print quality. In this paper, we considered the impact of various dot shapes of halftone on print quality (dot gain) in dry toner electro photography printing process in which different halftone shapes are used for printing. The sheets were printed with different halftone dots (diamond, elliptical, square). Dot gain is measured at different locations of different halftone dot shapes. The collected data is represented in a meaningful way so that clear difference can be seen.
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Mr., Amit Kumar*1 Ms. Monika2 Mr. Sanjeev Kumar3. "STUDY OF DOT GAIN IN DIFFERENT DOT SHAPES (LINE AND ROUND) OF HALFTONE ON PRINT QUALITY BASED ON DRY TONER ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY DIGITAL PRESS." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 6, no. 2 (2019): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2557496.

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Electrophotography is a NIP (Non-Impact Printing) process. This printing process is most commonly used printing process in now a day. The electrophotography printing is based on the halftones. These halftones are available in different dots shapes like Diamond, Elliptical, Square, Line, Round etc. In this research paper, we compare the print quality bases on different dot shapes like Line and Round. The sheets were printed with different halftone dots like Line and Round with the help of dry electrophotography printing process.
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4

Choi, Baekdu, Daulet Kenzhebalin, Sige Hu, et al. "Developing an inkjet printer II : CMY ink amounts to multibit CMY halftones." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 15 (2020): 351–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.15.color-350.

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In this paper, we propose a novel error diffusion halftoning algorithm for the conversion of cyan, magenta and yellow (CMY) ink amounts to a multi-bit halftone image. We adopt the idea of allowing multiple drops of colorants in order to achieve print results with better saturation, which is implemented by modifying the classic Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion algorithm. For better halftone texture and more efficient use of colorants, we add a dot-off-dot feature to the classic Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion. Blending-in the original input image with its DBS screened multilevel halftone image as a preprocessing step to dot-off-dot error diffusion is proposed as a measure to reduce halftone artifacts. Digitally simulated halftone images will be presented to illustrate the better halftone texture that can be achieved by applying the proposed algorithm.
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Ms., Monika*1 Mr. Amit Kumar2 &. Mr. Sanjeev Kumar3. "STUDY OF PRINT CONTRAST IN DIFFERENT DOT SHAPES (LINE AND ROUND) OF HALFTONE ON PRINT QUALITY BASED ON DRY TONER ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY DIGITAL PRESS." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 6, no. 2 (2019): 23–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2557488.

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Electrophotography is a NIP (Non-Impact Printing) process. This printing process is most commonly used printing process in now a day. The electrophotography printing is based on the halftones. These halftones are available in different dots shapes like Diamond, Elliptical, Square, Line, Round etc. In this research paper, we compare the print quality bases onprint contrastof different dot shapes like Line and Round. The sheets were printed with different halftone dots shapes like Line and Round with the help of dry electrophotography printing process.
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6

Xu, Jun Fei, Jin Lin Xu, and Yong Chi Xu. "Study on Optical Dot Gain Model Based on Point Spread and Probability Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 1434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.1434.

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Optical dot gain is the key point of halftone reconstruction study, and has always been a meaningful topic of theoretical study. The Yule–Nielsen formula is by far the most widely used research method of optical dot gain. However, solving the Yule–Nielsen parameter n remains a difficult problem. This paper disregards solving for the Yule–Nielsen parameter n, analyzes the light scattering and osmotic effect of halftone presswork, deduces the exact expressions of blank area of presswork, and determines the reflectivity of the dot part and halftone presswork according to the point spread function and probability method. Furthermore, this paper analyzes how the optical dot gain depends on the dot area coverage of presswork, ink layer transmittivity, and paper-based spectral reflectivity. In addition, a new algorithm model for optical dot gain is established. By employing the Clapper–Yule Model to calculate the spectral transmittance of printing ink and comparing it with the practical measured spectral reflectivity of the halftone presswork proof, the accuracy of the model established in this paper is fully verified.
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7

Mr., Sanjeev Kumar*1 Ms. Monika2 &. Mr. Amit Kumar3. "STUDY OF INK TRAPPING IN DIFFERENT DOT SHAPES OF HALFTONE ON DIGITAL PRESS (DRY TONER ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY)." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 6, no. 4 (2019): 255–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2650955.

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Electrophotography is the most complex digital printing technology. There are two types of digital printing processes i.e. Liquid toner and dry toner digital printing. In this paper, we studied about the Ink trapping in different dot shapes of halftone on dry toner digital printing. Coated paper is used for printing the sheets with different halftone dots (diamond, elliptical, square). Trapping is the technique of printing in which one ink is overlapped on another one. Ink trapping is measured in different halftone dot shapes. The collected data is represented in a meaningful way so that clear difference can be seen. Ink trapping is highest of diamond dot shape followed by elliptical and square dot shapes.
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8

Guo, Jing-Ming, and Sankarasrinivasan Seshathiri. "Watermarking in dot-diffusion halftones using adaptive class-matrix and error diffusion." ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 13, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2019131.189387.

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Digital halftoning deals with transforming a gray or color image into its binary version which is useful in printing applications. Dot diffusion is one of the prominent halftone methods which can yield superior image quality with parallel processing capabilities. In this paper, a rapid watermarking algorithm is proposed for dot-diffusion halftone images using adaptive class-matrix selection and modified error diffusion kernels. To process the image using an adaptive class matrix, the processing order of the class matrix is reversed and transposed, and for error diffusion the coefficients are replaced with different weights. For decoding, an effective strategy is proposed based on a correlation analysis and halftone statistics. The proposed strategy can successfully embed and decode the binary watermark from a single dot-diffused halftone image. From the experimental results, the proposed method is found to be effective in terms of good decoding accuracy, imperceptibility and robustness against various printed distortions.
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9

Liu, Ping Feng, Hua Wen Ai, and Li Qi Ya. "Clustered-Dot Halftone Watermark Using Phase Modulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1205.

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Digital watermarking provides a solution for protecting the copyright of digital contents, and print-and-scan resilient data hiding finds important applications in document security. In this paper, we propose a clustered dot halftone watermarking algorithm based on phase modulation. The watermark region and the other region use the threshold matrix for halftoning at the two different screen angle. The watermark is detected by overlaying the model, with one of the screen angle. Mean filtering and median filtering is performed on the recovered watermark to improve the appearance, and watermark is pre-processed using Arnold transformation to eliminate the edges in the border of the watermark. Experiments show watermark can appear under smearing, cropping and pint-and-scan attacks.
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10

Rogers, Geoffrey L. "Optical Dot Gain in a Halftone Print." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 41, no. 6 (1997): 643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.1997.41.6.art00015.

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11

Kim, Jeong-Lae, Yong-Soon Im, Yun-Sik Lim, Han-Chun Song, and Jeong-Jin Kang. "Detection Swell Situation using LED by Pulse Changing-state of Porous Matter on Skin." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 4 (2024): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/y77kn480.

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Changes in fluid within the vitreous chamber were examined using a non-invasive technique using LED. The vitreous chamber was irradiated with a certain amount of LED as an elliptical circular sphere to confirm the acute-angle vitreous chamber status with continuous pulsation transition. Dazzling-divergence knowledge level (DDKL) was determined as the number generated by pulsation knowledge figuration by receiving the scattered signal generated from the irradiated LED for a certain number of seconds. The knowledge level was configured as a system that converts pulsation generated in a vitreous chamber, and the uneven conveyance technique was used to confirm the experimental conditions of dazzling halftone-free-vector-dot. The degree of scattering around micro-vessels and foreign substances was found to occur at a halftone-free-vector-dot level within the vitreous chamber. The maximum average value of DDKL was calculated as the result of the tide-beating status as a result of the output formed in the vitreous chamber status. In Pu-KF-FA-αAVG-MIN, the pulsation far transformation due to pulsation halftone-free-vector-dot beating was shown as 10.90±12.69 units. In pulsation convenient transformation value, Pu-KF-CO-αAVG-MIN was found to be 4.08±3.45. In pulsation flank transformation value, Pu-KF-PU-αAVG-MIN was found to be 0.85±0.76 units. In pulsation vicinage transformation value, Pu-KF-VI-αAVG-MIN was found to be 0.19±0.17 units. By expanding the knowledge level in DDKL, a vitreous chamber status was formed and halftone-free-vector-dot was developed, and the pulsation knowledge figuration ability was evaluated by scattering the vitreous chamber figuration according to the acute-angle. Examining the vitreous chamber using the uneven conveyance technique as a non-invasive technique confirmed that dazzling-divergence figuration, which requires a knowledge level system, appeared due to uneven conveyance. These physical findings enable the functional peculiarity of pulsation knowledge figuration in a vitreous chamber and provide a data base that can be utilized at the vitreous chamber level in a tide knowledge system.
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12

Pinćjer, Ivan, Uroš Nedeljković, and Miloš Papić. "Development of FM screens." Journal of Graphic Engineering and Design 3, no. 1 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/jged-2012-1-001.

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What is a satisfactory quality when it comes to graphic arts industry? Acceptable quality of halftone image is be-come same as photographic picture. There are many different ways in which one can try to reach the desired quality. Different methods of halftoning (lpi and diferent methods of forming halftone dot), scanning, prepress, plate making are just some ways to influence the final printing result. Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of a certain halftoning technique will give us more ability to choose the right process path.
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13

Zhou, Xiao, Rui Zhi Shi, Da Li, Jing An, and Chao Sheng. "An Image Anti-Forgery Algorithm Based on Conceal Zone Special Halftoning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.147.

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Based on analysis of current situation, this paper develops a new anti-forgery algorithm based on conceal zone special halftoning, which realizes image anti-forgery in printing process. It brings forward the algorithm thought, and then sets up two halftoning models of template and threshold matrix. By numbering and extracting the manuscript pixels, it realizes the exact dividing of conceal zone and common zone through scan line filling algorithm. Then the method of generating halftone image by using the two halftoning models is studied. An experiment is performed to study the interior dot structure of the halftone image and its character. The experiment testifies that this algorithm can implant special shape dots different from traditional dot shapes in special zones of one image or multiple images, in which the anti-forgery is realized by observing the special zone’s dots.
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14

Kumpulainen, Pekka, Marja Mettänen, Mikko Lauri, and Heimo Ihalainen. "Relating halftone dot quality to paper surface topography." Neural Computing and Applications 20, no. 6 (2010): 803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-010-0497-y.

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15

Rogers, Geoffrey L. "Halftone Color: Diffusion of Light and Dot Shape." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 14, no. 1 (1998): 568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.1998.14.1.art00058_2.

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16

Valdec, Dean, Krunoslav Hajdek, Lucia Vragović, and Robert Geček. "Determining the Print Quality Due to Deformation of the Halftone Dots in Flexography." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (2021): 10601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210601.

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This paper researches the issues related to the print quality in flexography, especially the influence of the print run and inadequate printing settings on dot deformation. Dot deformation can lead to inconsistencies in print quality, such as a loss of highlight tones or an unpredictable increase in tonal value. This research was conducted on two concrete examples of flexible packaging printed on transparent films. All significant parameters of dot deformation were evaluated, including dot coverage, dot sharpness and the uniformity of the ink density. The increase in the coverage values in the midtones was linear throughout the entire print run, while in the light tones, it was more logarithmic. The overall percentage deviations from the reference value were 6.3% in the midtones and 52.6% in the light area. The increase in dot coverage was due to the wear of the polymer plate, which caused the side shoulders of the dot to become a part of the printing surface. An analysis of the ink density showed a much more homogeneous shape of the dot at the beginning of the print run. The correct ratio of the anilox roller line screen to the line ruling of the printing plate is important in order to ensure a minimum dot size in print.
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17

BERNIÉ, JEAN-PHILIPPE, and IAN A. JOURNEAUX. "An automatic method for detecting missing dots in rotogravure printing." November 2015 14, no. 11 (2015): 750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.11.750.

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We introduce a new approach to detecting missing dots in rotogravure printing, based on binary morphology and convolution filtering, that addresses the drawbacks of automated techniques using a fast Fourier transform algorithm. Our method was developed for the Heliotest, which is a widely used halftone print quality test for rotogravure printing. A strip of decreasing halftone intensity is printed and the missing dots are counted visually. The distance to the 20th missing dot provides the Heliotest print quality number. To automate the determination of the Heliotest number, the strip is scanned with a standard flat-bed scanner. Using image analysis, an image binarization separates the printed dots from the unprinted area. Then, a black and white convolution is performed to locate the specific shape corresponding to the missing dots. Each possible missing dot is analyzed by the algorithm to determine whether it is a missing dot or a dot that is misshapen, weak, or incomplete. We found that this automatic procedure provides an excellent match to visual assessment. On 90 out of 100 test samples used for validation, our method gives the same result as the visual assessment. The other samples have one or two false positives in the missing dots. This was significantly better than the techniques that were in use before. After validation, the technique was deployed at NewPage; it has been regularly used as a product quality test at the mill and at the NewPage Research Center since 2011.
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Hébert, Mathieu, and Roger David Hersch. "Analyzing halftone dot blurring by extended spectral prediction models." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 27, no. 1 (2009): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.27.000006.

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19

Meng, Tao, Chun Mei Zhang, Mi Dan Li, Yi Xiao Song, Tai Sun, and Cai Chen. "Spectral Prediction Model for Halftone Prints by Enhanced Clapper-Yule Model." Advanced Materials Research 457-458 (January 2012): 1405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.1405.

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The classical Clapper-Yule model and its improved models will both introduced the extended application which supports rough printing and halftone color fluorescent imaging. The characteristics of the new model were analyzed and the prospect of the Clapper-Yule mode was discussed. We proposed a new model, which was an enhancement of the classical Clapper-Yule model, which simulate optical dot gain of halftone prints by taking into account lateral scattering within the paper bulk and multiple internal reflections. The model we propose also takes into account the reflectance of inks at surface of the specific colors at specific rates. The model opens the way towards color separation of images to be reproduced. Several designs printed on an offset press demonstrate their applicability and their benefits.
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20

He, Zi Fen, Zhao Lin Zhan, and Yin Hui Zhang. "Digital Halftoning Based on Clustering Analysis and Weighted Least Squares." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 2676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.2676.

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We propose a weighted least-squares-based halftoning model from human vision system(HVS) model and an efficient iterative strategy using gray image statistical information. First, the gray image is partitioned into several finite regions using clustering segmentation method. Next, the statistics of the mean and variance of the gray-scale pixel of each clustering are calculated. Finally, the new energy function is constructed using the weighted least squares method, which the reciprocal of the variance of the segmented regions are referred to as the weighting operator. Our method also incorporates a measurement based printer dot interaction model to prevent the artifacts due to dot overlap and to improve texture quality. The analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm produces better gray-scale halftone image quality when we increase the number of clustering with a certain range. A performance measure for halftone images is used to evaluate our algorithm. The value of MSEv and PSNR for the partitions regions that the proposed algorithm achieves consistently better values of MSEv and PSNR than the LSMB algorithm. After four iterations of the algorithm of the proposed algorithm, the convergence error dropped to 0.25.
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21

Melnychuck, Paul W., and Rodney Shaw. "Fourier spectra of digital halftone images containing dot-position errors." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 5, no. 8 (1988): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.5.001328.

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22

Bulan, Orhan, Gaurav Sharma, and Vishal Monga. "Orientation Modulation for Data Hiding in Clustered-Dot Halftone Prints." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 19, no. 8 (2010): 2070–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2010.2046795.

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23

Guo, Jing-Ming, and Jyun-Hao Huang. "Data hiding in halftone images with secret-shared dot diffusion." International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology 20, no. 3 (2010): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ima.20247.

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24

Choi, Baekdu, and Jan P. Allebach. "Descreening of dispersed-dot halftone images with generative adversarial network." Electronic Imaging 35, no. 15 (2023): 203–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/ei.2023.35.15.color-203.

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25

Liu, Ning. "The Role of Print Mode Determination for Classification of Inkjet Printers." Journal of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners 16, no. 2 (2013): 31–45. https://doi.org/10.69525/jasqde.201.

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The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective method for the classification of inkjet printers. One of the challenges when examining inkjet-printed documents is the variety of print modes that can be used. In this study, 80 different models of inkjet printers were used to print samples in various print modes, which were then examined using a microscope. It was shown that changing print modes resulted in variation of some features in print, such as the increment of paper feed stepping, satellite droplets, halftone algorithm, halftone dot structure, and color configuration. However, the laws that govern this variation can be understood and followed. The author drew a conclusion that print mode determination could contribute to the reliable and efficient classification of inkjet printers, and should be considered as an essential part of the examination.
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26

Zhang, Yan, and Tie Qing Su. "Printing Performance of Different Pigment Coated Paper." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.601.

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For high print quality, halftone dots should have minimal dot gain and sharp, circular edges, the receiving surface must have a line, high-porosity structure and be hydrophilic. Paper surface chemistry requirements for good inkjet print quality are so unconventional that new paper grades for printing should be specially designed. In this paper, the printability, coating structure and the color reproduction after printing of coated paper was studied.
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Shao, Linhao, Erhu Zhang, and Mei Li. "An Efficient Convolutional Neural Network Model Combined with Attention Mechanism for Inverse Halftoning." Electronics 10, no. 13 (2021): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131574.

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Inverse halftoning acting as a special image restoration problem is an ill-posed problem. Although it has been studied in the last several decades, the existing solutions can’t restore fine details and texture accurately from halftone images. Recently, the attention mechanism has shown its powerful effects in many fields, such as image processing, pattern recognition and computer vision. However, it has not yet been used in inverse halftoning. To better solve the problem of detail restoration of inverse halftoning, this paper proposes a simple yet effective deep learning model combined with the attention mechanism, which can better guide the network to remove noise dot-patterns and restore image details, and improve the network adaptation ability. The whole model is designed in an end-to-end manner, including feature extraction stage and reconstruction stage. In the feature extraction stage, halftone image features are extracted and halftone noises are removed. The reconstruction stage is employed to restore continuous-tone images by fusing the feature information extracted in the first stage and the output of the residual channel attention block. In this stage, the attention block is firstly introduced to the field of inverse halftoning, which can make the network focus on informative features and further enhance the discriminative ability of the network. In addition, a multi-stage loss function is proposed to accelerate the network optimization, which is conducive to better reconstruction of the global image. To demonstrate the generalization performance of the network for different types of halftone images, the experiment results confirm that the network can restore six different types of halftone image well. Furthermore, experimental results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, especially in the restoration of details and textures.
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28

Kazmirovych, O. R., A. S. Pushak, and R. V. Kazmirovych. "Calculation of areas of ink overlapping of halftone dot of ellipsoid shape by dot-to-dot printing method." Computer Technologies of Printing 2, no. 46 (2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32403/2411-9210-2021-2-46-43-54.

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29

Xia, Minghui, Eli Saber, Gaurav Sharma, and A. Murat Tekalp. "Total Least Squares Regression in Neugebauer Model Parameter Estimation for Dot-on-Dot Halftone Screens." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 14, no. 1 (1998): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.1998.14.1.art00069_1.

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30

Zhang, Yan. "Impact of Coating Adhesive on Printability of Inkjet Paper." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.222.

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Paper plays an important role in determining image quality in inkjet printing. For high print quality, halftone dots should have minimal dot gain and sharp, circular edges, the receiving surface must have a line, high-porosity structure and be hydrophilic. Paper structure and surface chemistry requirements for good inkjet print quality are so unconventional that new paper grades for inkjet printing should be specially designed. This paper discuses the impact of coating adhesive on printability of inkjet paper.
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31

Hersch, Roger D., Patrick Emmel, Fabien Collaud, and Frédéríque Crété. "Spectral reflection and dot surface prediction models for color halftone prints." Journal of Electronic Imaging 14, no. 3 (2005): 033001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1989987.

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32

Basak, Soumen, Saritha P.C, and Kanai Chandra Paul. "Print quality optimization in screen printing by AM and FM screening using Taguchi's Grey Relational Analysis technique." Journal of Graphic Engineering and Design 16, no. 1 (2025): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.24867/jged-2025-1-039.

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This is an experimental and statistical approach to assess the impact of AM and FM screen ruling in screen printing under the condition such as printing of a test target on both coated and uncoated paper with three different types of screen mesh count. The change in print quality according to the screen mesh count are focused here, because the screen mesh count is one of the key elements in screen printing that influences the ink flow through the mesh as well as the excellence of stencil image or halftone dots over the mesh. Under three different screen mesh count, the impact of AM and FM halftone in the print quality on both coated and uncoated paper grades are evaluated in the analysis part. The print quality assessment parameters taken as solid ink density, dot gain, hue error and print contrast at 30%, 50%, & 70% tonal areas of the print. Twelve different combinations of input variables such as coated and uncoated substrate, AM and FM halftone dots, 100 lpi, 120 lpi and 140 lpi screen mesh counts etc. are employed at different print trials. The print quality assessment and ranking of each experiment are done by Taguchi’s Grey Relational Analysis, which is a best method to implement in the decision-making process of quality control
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33

Wang, Zhen Rong, Wan You Tang, and Xiao Mei Zhao. "Research on Halftone Information Embedding and Extracting Technology Based on CCD Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 469 (November 2013): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.469.231.

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This study introduces a new anti-counterfeiting method of packaging and printing. Based on CCD (Charge Coupled Device) detection, it changes the dot area to realize hidden information embedding into the halftone image which generated by own separate color program. After print and scan, CCD gain the scan image, combined with program to realize information extracting. The experiment results show that: this method has high speed and accuracy in embedding and extracting information. The function of prevent copy is good. This method can be widely used in packaging and printing anti-counterfeiting.
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34

Bhattacharya, Abhijit, Swati Bandhyopadhyay, and Phil Green. "Characterizing coated paper surface for modeling apparent dot area of halftone prints." Optics Express 24, no. 2 (2016): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.24.001708.

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35

Bartels, Rudi. "Redistributing Dot Connections to Avoid Visible Tile Replication in AM Halftone Screens." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 15, no. 1 (1999): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.1999.15.1.art00092_1.

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36

Kajondecha, Phichit, and Yasushi Hoshino. "Halftone Dot Size Variation in Offset, Electrophotographic, and Flexographic Printing and Its Perception." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 52, no. 6 (2008): 060503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.(2008)52:6(060503).

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37

Rosenberg, Charles J. "Measurement-based evaluation of a printer dot model for halftone algorithm tone correction." Journal of Electronic Imaging 2, no. 3 (1993): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.148737.

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38

Zhang, Kaixing, Honghao Liu, and XianXi Liu. "Research on optical simulation system for halftone printing dot with Monte Carlo method." Optik 156 (March 2018): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.10.133.

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39

Arney, Jonathan S., and Akio Tsujita. "Symmetry Properties of Halftone Images II: Accounting for Ink Opacity and Dot Sharpness." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 43, no. 4 (1999): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.1999.43.4.art00008.

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40

Wang, Qi, Xiao Fan Zhou, and Qing Yi. "Research on Parameters and Printing Reproduction Characteristics of Concentric Screening." Applied Mechanics and Materials 262 (December 2012): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.334.

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Concentric dot is formed by dividing round AM dot into thin concentric rings, which has not only the shape characteristic of AM and FM dots, but also the features and advantages of the two dots. The Concentric Screening is a new halftone screening technology which breaks through the traditional model of reproduction image information by solid dot. To use concentric screening technology in offset printing, the first step is running single color print test to determine concentric screening parameters for the given printing condition. which is unique to concentric screening compare with solid dot printing. Through analyzing and evaluating the printing characteristics of single color print test, the paper provides the method to determine screening parameters such as screening rulings、CTP precision、the width of Ring and Space; Designing and running the four color test based on the first step is aimed to study the reproduction characteristic of concentric dot about gamut、definition、chroma, tone, compared with solid dot. The research shows that the parameters of concentric screening should be determined according to the specific production condition in offset printing. Concentric screening can obtain high saturation and present large color gamut. Also, concentric screening is suitable for high-quality products, which can accept high screen rulings and high-definition. This paper contains experimental study on the correlation between concentric screening parameters and color reproduction. The basis for evaluating concentric screening parameters is offered, and a comprehensive evaluation of its reproduction characteristics is done. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of the concentric screening technology in offset printing.
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41

Sharma, Gaurav. "Per-separation clustered-dot color halftone watermarks: separation estimation based on spatial frequency content." Journal of Electronic Imaging 19, no. 4 (2010): 043007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3497615.

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42

Zhang, Yixin, and Weiyong Xing. "Reflectance prediction model of frequency modulation halftone image copied by variable dot-volume press." Optik 124, no. 14 (2013): 1730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2012.06.004.

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43

Martinez, P., C. Dorrer, and M. Kasper. "BAND-LIMITED CORONAGRAPHS USING A HALFTONE DOT PROCESS: DESIGN GUIDELINES, MANUFACTURING, AND LABORATORY RESULTS." Astrophysical Journal 705, no. 2 (2009): 1637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/705/2/1637.

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44

KAKUMOTO, Masaki, Tomonori YUASA, and Yoshihisa AIZU. "604 Development of the Algorithm to Separate Halftone Dots without Influence of Optical Dot Gain." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2008.47 (2008): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2008.47.147.

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45

Liu, Zhen, and Le Yi Ren. "Study of Anti-Counterfeit Printing with Cylindrical Lens Sheet Basic on Screening Copy." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.140.

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Grating material can have security effects in print for its specific optical properties. In this paper, the technology of copyright protection used in Screening Copy is studied basic on the optical properties of cylindrical lens sheet and screening. Firstly, the relation of the parameter of cylindrical lens sheet and the parameters of half-tone image is studied. Achieving the arithmetic what used to set dot basic on the relation. Secondly, imitating the experiment in Photoshop cs2 and setting dot after transferring the image to halftone use the screening of it. Meanwhile, generate the layer which has the effect of cylindrical lens sheet and can get the imitate effect while rotate the layer. In the experiment, using the printer of Epson 7880 to print the image and examining the security through corresponding cylindrical lens sheet. The experiment proves the hidden information only can be seen though cylindrical lens sheet and it shows the anti-counterfeit way have well effect in screening copy. And the equipment and processes are not needed too much for this way, so the anti-counterfeit effect can be achieved in the condition of not adding cost.
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Holmvall, Martin, and Tetsu Uesaka. "Print uniformity of corrugated board in flexo printing: effects of corrugated board and halftone dot deformations." Packaging Technology and Science 21, no. 7 (2008): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pts.816.

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47

Ning, Liu. "A Study on the Stability and the Utility of Satellite Droplets for Classification of Ink Jet Printers." Journal of the American Society of Questioned Document Examiners 14, no. 2 (2011): 35–45. https://doi.org/10.69525/jasqde.182.

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The author investigated the stability of satellite droplets as either class or individual characteristics in the printouts from 40 types of Hewlett-Packard and Canon ink jets. Observation established that satellite droplets produced by one ink jet device might vary in appearance with different print modes, ink, media and other factors. Given their lack of repeatability, they are not considered to be characteristics that can be relied upon by FDEs for ink jet printer classification or identification. However, the forensic value of satellite droplets should not be totally ignored. Their structure can indicate the properties of the ink, and possibly the brand of printer. They are very useful for ascertaining certain characteristics for ink jet classification, including halftone dot, nozzle arrangement, and stepping of paper feed. They can also assist in determining print modes, without which no ink jet output can be produced. Therefore, satellites should be taken into consideration when FDEs are examining an ink jet -printed document.
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48

Martinez, P., C. Dorrer, and M. Kasper. "BAND-LIMITED CORONAGRAPHS USING A HALFTONE-DOT PROCESS. II. ADVANCES AND LABORATORY RESULTS FOR ARBITRARY TELESCOPE APERTURES." Astrophysical Journal 744, no. 1 (2011): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/744/1/79.

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49

Kawasaki, Masayuki, Masaya Ishisaki, and Yoshimoto Yoshimoto. "Investigation into the Cause of Print Mottle in Halftone Dots of Coated Paper : Effect of Optical Dot Gain Non-uniformity." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 63, no. 11 (2009): 1362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.63.1362.

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50

Knuth, Donald E. "Digital halftones by dot diffusion." ACM Transactions on Graphics 6, no. 4 (1987): 245–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/35039.35040.

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