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Kittler, Markus G., David Rygl, and Alex Mackinnon. "Special Review Article: Beyond culture or beyond control? Reviewing the use of Hall’s high-/low-context concept." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 11, no. 1 (April 2011): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595811398797.
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This paper reviews Edward T. Hall’s influential concept of high-/low-context communication and its use in cross-cultural research. Hall’s concept suggests that individuals combine preprogrammed culture specific context and information to create meaning. The use of context is argued to vary across cultures and country classifications have been attached to Hall’s concept. These country rankings have evolved over time classifying (national) cultures as ‘high-context’ (HC) and ‘low-context’ (LC). Since future studies employing Hall’s context idea as an underlying framework in cross-cultural research need to rely on a valid and reliable country classification, our study analyses literature related to Hall’s HC/LC concept. Based on a systematic review, we particularly question whether the country classification attached to Hall’s concept is built on rigorous and substantiated findings. Our study shows that most previous research that utilized HC/LC country classifications is based on seemingly less-than-adequate evidence. Mixed and often contradictory findings reveal inconsistencies in the conventional country classifications and show that they are flawed or, at best, very limited.
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Suham-Abid, Dalia, and Natalia Vila-Lopez. "Airline service quality and visual communication." TQM Journal 32, no. 1 (October 7, 2019): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-04-2019-0105.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze differences in airlines service quality perceptions (service content) and visual communication styles (service form) between passengers from a high-context (HC) culture (Iraq) and from a low-context (LC) one (Germany). The theoretical support is based on Hall’s (1976) theory about cultural influences on consumers’ perceptions and on ethnocentric influences. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors compared two groups of passengers from two countries ‒ Iraq (a high-context culture) and Germany (low-context culture) – that gave their opinions about two different airlines (Iraqi Airlines and Lufthansa). In total, 400 personal evaluations were obtained (100 for each company in each country). Findings The results have demonstrated that, first, regarding service quality perceptions, both groups of passengers differ, not due to the cultural context, but due to the ethnocentristic feeling, that is service quality values are higher when the domestic company is evaluated in both countries. Second, regarding visual identity perceptions, the cultural context explains perception differences, because the Germans evaluations are higher for both, the foreign company and the domestic one. Originality/value First, the authors have measured in the same study whether people from an LC culture differ from people from a HC culture with respect to how they perceive both the content of the service (the perception of service quality) and the form of the service (the perception of visual identity). In other words, the authors have compared not just the way a company delivers its services, but also how the company is visually presented. Second, the authors have studied a country that has seldom been analyzed from a marketing perspective, Iraq. Third, the authors have compared not just two cultures, but also two companies (a domestic one and a foreign one), in order to see if consumers tend to have more positive perceptions of a local company, regardless of the culture to which they belong. If this point is demonstrated, then some more implications related to ethnocentrism will be added for a better understanding of how to proceed in the international arena.
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Manca, Elena. "From phraseology to culture." Patterns, meaningful units and specialized discourses 13, no. 3 (September 17, 2008): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.13.3.07man.
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This paper aims to describe the phraseology associated with adjectives in the language of tourism. The adjectives appearing in the word list of a British farmhouse holidays corpus were grouped into three different semantic fields (‘description of rooms’, ‘description of surroundings’, and ‘description of food’) and from which their collocational profiles were then identified. In order to compare and contrast the Italian and the British languages of tourism, we searched an Italian comparable agriturismi corpus for items that are used to describe rooms, food, and surroundings. The results are discussed with reference to Sinclair’s theories on the influence of context and register on language choices (Sinclair 1991), and Hall’s theory of high vs. low context cultures (Hall 1976, 1989; Katan 2003). This analysis shows that the language of tourism is highly phraseological. It also gives insights into some differences and similarities between English and Italian in terms of ‘language systems’ and cultural orientations.
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Rafetzeder, Angelika. "Mind the Culture Gap: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Tourism Destination Websites in Austria and the United Kingdom." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 4, no. 6 (2019): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.46.3004.
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Websites of destination marketing organisations (DMO’s) are important tools to market tourism destinations to prospective visitors. They provide an abundance of information for tourists and help them plan their visit to the destination or find inspiration for an upcoming vacation. In many cases, website visitors come from other countries and cultures. In order to satisfy the needs of international website visitors, website providers would need to consider diverse cultural backgrounds and different languages when designing, implementing and maintaining a website. The main objective of this master thesis is to analyse the depiction of cultural values on DMO websites in Austria and the United Kingdom. It is then sought to compare them to the perceived cultural values of the respective host country by looking at Hofstede’s and Hall’s cultural frameworks. Moreover, it is aimed to provide a framework for tourism professionals and website developers who oversee and implement the creation of websites for tourism destinations. To establish the foundation of this thesis, an extensive literature review in the field of cross- cultural web design is provided with the aim to support the process of further developing a framework for the analysis of cultural values on the World Wide Web. Drawing on Hofstede’s dimensions and Hall’s high/low context theory this framework seeks to broaden the cross-cultural lens adopted by website providers. The content analysis is going to include 18 DMO websites that represent tourism destinations on three levels: Nations, provinces/countries and cities. The analysis is expected to shed light on website design in Austria and the United Kingdom and increase awareness towards the significance of localized cultural values. It should provide recommendations for professionals who are implementing websites for tourism destinations. Additionally, the study on Austrian and British websites can be of excellent value for tourism managers and destination marketers since both countries welcome many tourists each year.
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Manca, Elena. "The analysis of meaning between language and culture in the tourism domain." Languages in Contrast 11, no. 2 (September 30, 2011): 172–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.11.2.02man.
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The relationship between language and culture is an interplay between linguistic choices and cultural filters; if we accept that language is an expression of culture, i.e. of the beliefs, customs, behaviours and rituals constituting the cultural identity of a group of people, then it is crucial that phraseology and cultural features are not separated in the analysis and production of meaning. This paper aims to combine two different methodological approaches to the study of meaning (Manca 2008, 2009): the Corpus Linguistics approach within the framework of John Sinclair’s view of language (1991, 1996) and the Intercultural Studies approach based on Hall’s ([1976] 1989) theories and Katan’s (2004, 2006) framework of High and Low Context Cultures features in transactional communication. The two levels of analysis allow the researcher to carry out both a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Examples that show the validity of this combined approach will be derived from a number of corpora of different subsections of the British and Italian languages of tourism. We will see that the two cultures tend to adopt different types of promotion in terms of linguistic devices (for example use of concrete nouns vs. abstract nouns) and features of description along a continuum which sees at one extreme explicitness and simple facts and at the other extreme implicitness, feelings and opinions.
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Ho, Chia-Ling Lynn, Chad Whittle, and Michael H. Eaves. "Mixed Methods Research – Nonverbal Observations of Cultural Convergence in Online and Offline Contexts: Testing Hall’s Low- Vs. High-Context Framework." Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 49, no. 4 (July 3, 2020): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2020.1773902.
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Bai, He. "A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Advertisements from High-Context Cultures and Low-Context Cultures." English Language Teaching 9, no. 8 (June 2, 2016): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n8p21.
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<p>With the development of economy and the change of social culture, advertisements have penetrated our life slowly and done a lot to the commercial markets. Advertisements have often been analyzed in a stylistic way for its unique language style. But language is an important part, as well as a carrier, of culture. Advertising language, as other kinds of languages, is also a significant component of culture and is a comprehensive collection of different aspects of culture. In turn, it reflects culture in its own way. A cultural pattern, put forward by Edward T. Hall and called “high context” and “low context” communication, will be focused on to analyze different advertisements from these two cultures.</p>
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I.A., Tkalia, and Tsarova S.O. "RECONSIDERING CLIL IN HIGH AND LOW CONTEXT CULTURES." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Germanic Studies and Intercultural Communication, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-3426/2020-2-22.
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GUDYKUNST, WILLIAM B., and TSUKASA NISHIDA. "ATTRIBUTIONAL CONFIDENCE IN LOW- AND HIGH-CONTEXT CULTURES." Human Communication Research 12, no. 4 (June 1986): 525–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1986.tb00090.x.
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Nguyen, Adam, Roger M. Heeler, and Zinaida Taran. "High‐low context cultures and price‐ending practices." Journal of Product & Brand Management 16, no. 3 (June 5, 2007): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610420710751582.
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Wurtz, Elizabeth. "Intercultural Communication on Web sites: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Web sites from High-Context Cultures and Low-Context Cultures." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 11, no. 1 (November 2005): 274–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.tb00313.x.
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Larsen, Trina, Bert Rosenbloom, and Brent Smith. "Satisfaction with Channel Communication Strategies in High vs. Low Context Cultures." Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2002): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j033v09n01_01.
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Croucher, Stephen M., Ann Bruno, Paul McGrath, Caroline Adams, Cassandra McGahan, Angela Suits, and Ashleigh Huckins. "Conflict Styles and High–Low Context Cultures: A Cross-Cultural Extension." Communication Research Reports 29, no. 1 (January 2012): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2011.640093.
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Beune, Karlijn, Ellen Giebels, and Paul J. Taylor. "Patterns of Interaction in Police Interviews." Criminal Justice and Behavior 37, no. 8 (June 30, 2010): 904–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854810369623.
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The authors analyzed authentic, videotaped police interviews ( N = 27) to examine how the use of different influencing behaviors by police officers affects the provision of information by suspects. The analysis focused on variations in cue-response patterns across suspects from cultures that tend to use more direct and content-oriented communication (i.e., low-context cultures) and cultures in which communication is typically more indirect and context orientated (i.e., high-context cultures). As expected, rational arguments were more effective in eliciting case-related personal information from low-context suspects than from high-context suspects. Contrary to the authors’ expectations, high-context rather than low-context suspects seemed to respond negatively in terms of explicitly refusing to give information to police behavior coded as being kind. Additional analyses considered the effects of two types of intimidating behavior (intimidating the individual vs. the context) across the low- and high-context suspects. Results showed that intimidating the individual was more effective at eliciting case-related personal information from low-context suspects, whereas intimidating the context appeared to be more effective in eliciting case-related contextual information for high-context suspects.
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Kersten, Gregory, Rudolf Vetschera, and Sabine Koeszegi. "National Cultural Differences in the Use and Perception of Internet-based NSS: Does High or Low Context Matter?" International Negotiation 9, no. 1 (2004): 79–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571806041262070.
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AbstractIn this article, we apply an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) to explore whether national culture influences a user's perception and use of Internet-based negotiation support systems (NSS). In particular, we are interested in whether different preferences for communication patterns, as we find them for low-context and high-context cultures, influence the use and perception of different NSS support tools. The Web-based system Inspire, which provided data for our analysis has been used by over 2000 entities worldwide in experimental negotiations. Our results show that, based on the need to establish a social context in computermediated negotiations, users from high-context cultures exchange significantly more messages and offers during negotiations than users from low-context cultures. Analytical negotiation support is valued significantly higher by users from low-context cultures than by users from highcontext cultures as this problem-solving approach is more compatible with their preference for direct and task-oriented communication.
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Qin, Jing. "Translation of Film Titles Based on Intercultural Communication." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 9 (April 30, 2018): 1337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v9i0.7349.
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To illustrate cultural differences between China and the western world in translating film titles. Film industry plays a vital role in cultural communications, especially in the trend of globalization, which attaches a greater importance to film title translation than ever before. Some of theories concerning cultural differences will be discussed, including Hall's high-context and Low-context orientations and Hofstede's value dimensions. The study finds that with the help of these theories, certain translation methods can be utilized by translators in order to do a better job when translating titles of imported films.
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Kim, Donghoon, Yigang Pan, and Heung Soo Park. "High-versus low-Context culture: A comparison of Chinese, Korean, and American cultures." Psychology and Marketing 15, no. 6 (September 1998): 507–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6793(199809)15:6<507::aid-mar2>3.0.co;2-a.
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T.M., Vainahii. "THE COMPLEX OF EXERCISES FOR TEACHING ENGLISH PROFESSIONAL DIALOGUE-QUESTIONING TO FUTURE DOCTORS IN INTERNATIONAL GROUPS." Collection of Research Papers Pedagogical sciences, no. 91 (January 11, 2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2413-1865/2020-91-7.
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The article considers a complex of exercises for teaching English professional dialogue-questioning to future doctors in international groups, defines the concept of “exercise”, analyses and systematises classifications of exercises for teaching dialogic speech to students majoring in Medicine. It is indicated that the basis for the formation of English professional competence of future doctors is the teaching of dialogue-questioning, since dialogic speech prevails in the everyday communication of medical professionals. It is determined that during the formation of English professional competence it is necessary to follow the sequence of acquisition of language and speech skills. This principle is reflected in the organization and systematization of three stages during designing the complex of exercises, namely the preparatory-orientational stage, the structural-communicative stage, and the final (reflective) stage. It is also established that the context of cultures should be taken into account when designing the complex of exercises for students of international groups, divergences between high-context and low-context students at the levels of cultural, verbal, and nonverbal behaviour can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts while performing English professional dialogic speech tasks. The issue of the context of cultures has led to the designing the corresponding methodology for the complex of exercises during teaching English professional dialogue-questioning to future doctors. It takes into consideration the differences between representatives of high- and low-context cultures. An algorithm for setting tasks for high-context and low-context students has been designed. It provides a more detailed task formulation for representatives of high-context cultures in order to improve understanding of tasks by its representatives and optimize speed and quality of exercise completion. The above-noted methodology also involves placing a handout for high-context cultures after each exercise which specifies the rules of behaviour and communication when performing pair and group tasks in English for professional dialogic speech in order to avoid difficulties during the exercise preparation.Key words: English professional dialogue-questioning, dialogic speech, complex of exercises, future doctor, international group, high-context culture, low-context culture, preparatory-orientational stage, structural-communicative stage, final (reflective) stage.
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T.M., Vainahii. "THE COMPLEX OF EXERCISES FOR TEACHING ENGLISH PROFESSIONAL DIALOGUE-QUESTIONING TO FUTURE DOCTORS IN INTERNATIONAL GROUPS." Collection of Research Papers Pedagogical sciences, no. 91 (January 11, 2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2413-1865/2020-91-7.
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The article considers a complex of exercises for teaching English professional dialogue-questioning to future doctors in international groups, defines the concept of “exercise”, analyses and systematises classifications of exercises for teaching dialogic speech to students majoring in Medicine. It is indicated that the basis for the formation of English professional competence of future doctors is the teaching of dialogue-questioning, since dialogic speech prevails in the everyday communication of medical professionals. It is determined that during the formation of English professional competence it is necessary to follow the sequence of acquisition of language and speech skills. This principle is reflected in the organization and systematization of three stages during designing the complex of exercises, namely the preparatory-orientational stage, the structural-communicative stage, and the final (reflective) stage. It is also established that the context of cultures should be taken into account when designing the complex of exercises for students of international groups, divergences between high-context and low-context students at the levels of cultural, verbal, and nonverbal behaviour can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts while performing English professional dialogic speech tasks. The issue of the context of cultures has led to the designing the corresponding methodology for the complex of exercises during teaching English professional dialogue-questioning to future doctors. It takes into consideration the differences between representatives of high- and low-context cultures. An algorithm for setting tasks for high-context and low-context students has been designed. It provides a more detailed task formulation for representatives of high-context cultures in order to improve understanding of tasks by its representatives and optimize speed and quality of exercise completion. The above-noted methodology also involves placing a handout for high-context cultures after each exercise which specifies the rules of behaviour and communication when performing pair and group tasks in English for professional dialogic speech in order to avoid difficulties during the exercise preparation.Key words: English professional dialogue-questioning, dialogic speech, complex of exercises, future doctor, international group, high-context culture, low-context culture, preparatory-orientational stage, structural-communicative stage, final (reflective) stage.
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Chen, Linda Jianlin, and Jianbin Huang. "Sign Markup Language in a Multimodal Context." Chinese Semiotic Studies 14, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2018-0001.
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Abstract The process of “telling through words” and “understanding by insight” of a language are closely related to high-context and low-context cultures. Various concepts and knowledge systems constitute a hierarchy of cognitive domain networks. Bilingual and multilingual sign markup language can be seen everywhere in a multicultural setting, which is full of cognition, construal, and variation in the process of cross-cultural communication under the multilingual context. Sign markup language is presented in a multimodal discourse form, such as business language, advertising language, commercial logos, slogans, or propagation language. It contains known and unknown information and foreground and background cultures, changing with technological knowledge and history development. The cross-cultural cognitive research of sign markup language in a multimodal context is increasingly important, especially in today’s society undergoing the development of economic globalization, high-speed information, urban internationalization, and data digitization. Based on instances of sign markup language, the present paper will apply the theory of memes in sign markup language to analyze and put forward the cognitive mechanism used in multimodal contexts.
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Arifin, Syifaul, Prahastiwi Utari, and Sri Hastjarjo. "Communication Style in Media Struggle, Misbach Communication Style in Early 20th Century." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i5.1037.
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The mass media was used as an advocacy and struggle tool in the early 20th century in the Dutch East Indies colony. One figure at that time was Haji Misbach (1876-1926) who used the Medan Moeslimin and Islam Bergerak media to convey thoughts, advocate citizens, to attack political opponents. What is known from Misbach is that he is an Islamic figure with the title of hajj, but he is one of the communist figures. He combines Islam and communism. The communication style used by Misbach, according to Stuart Hall's theory, is a low context that is the direct delivery of the target or purpose of communication.Whereas the Indies community at that time and Asia in general used a high context communication style that was full of ado, not directly to the problem.
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Patel, Jayesh D., Rohit H. Trivedi, and Arpan Yagnik. "Self-identity and internal environmental locus of control: Comparing their influences on green purchase intentions in high-context versus low-context cultures." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 53 (March 2020): 102003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.102003.
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Вайнагій, Тетяна. "ВПЛИВ КУЛЬТУРНИХ КОНТЕКСТІВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ АНГЛОМОВНОЇ ПРОФЕСІЙНО ОРІЄНТОВАНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ В ГОВОРІННІ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ У ПОЛІНАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ГРУПАХ." Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології, no. 7(101) (September 28, 2020): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24139/2312-5993/2020.07/003-014.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the specification and argumentation of the influence of cultural contexts on the formation of English professionally oriented competence in speech of future doctors who study in polynational groups. Analysis of relevant research has revealed that while most scientific publications consider some aspects of intercultural communication in the context of professional activity or features of language training of students in multinational groups, the issues of English professionally oriented competence formation in polynational groups remain unresolved. Aim of the Study. The purpose of the article is to explain the causes of difficulties in the process of performing professionally oriented communicative tasks in English and outline ways to establish pair and group work of students in polynational groups in order to increase their learning productivity. The stated purpose of the study has led to the choice of the following research methods: 1) theoretical analysis of the scientific sources to define the meaning of the concept of “cultural contexts” and establish the features of polynational groups of students; 2) comparative analysis of verbal and nonverbal behaviour of representatives of high-context and low-context cultures; 3) scientific observation of the course of English professionally oriented speech training of students in polynational groups. Results. It has been determined that the reason for frequent misunderstandings among students of polynational groups while performing pair and group tasks on professionally oriented speech is the division of cultures into high-context and low-context ones. Three levels of behaviour that differ among high-context and low-context cultures and therefore cause misunderstandings among students of polynational groups when performing English professionally oriented communicative tasks have been identified. Conclusions. Ways to optimize the formation of English professionally oriented competence in speech of students in polynational groups, taking into account their cultural differences, have been suggested.
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Ashforth, Blake E., and Glen E. Kreiner. "Contextualizing dirty work: The neglected role of cultural, historical, and demographic context." Journal of Management & Organization 20, no. 4 (July 2014): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.38.
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AbstractAlthough perceptions of physically, socially, and morally stigmatized occupations – ‘dirty work’ – are socially constructed, very little attention has been paid to how the context shapes those constructions. We explore the impact of historical trends (when), macro and micro cultures (where), and demographic characteristics (who) on the social construction of dirty work.Historically, the rise of hygiene, along with economic and technological development, resulted in greater societal distancing from dirty work, while the rise of liberalism has resulted in greater social acceptance of some morally stigmatized occupations.Culturally, masculinity tends to be preferred over femininity as an ideological discourse for dirty work, unless the occupation is female-dominated; members of collectivist cultures are generally better able than members of individualist cultures to combat the collective-level threat that stigma inherently represents; and members of high power-distance cultures tend to view dirty work more negatively than members of low power-distance cultures.Demographically, marginalized work tends to devolve to marginalized socioeconomic, gender, and racioethnic categories, creating a pernicious and entrapping recursive loop between ‘dirty work’ and being labeled as ‘dirty people.’
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Mittal, Rakesh, and Steven M. Elias. "Social power and leadership in cross-cultural context." Journal of Management Development 35, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-02-2014-0020.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the exercise of power by leaders is impacted by cultural factors. The authors present a conceptual framework to examine the interaction of various cultural dimensions with harsh and soft power bases, thereby delineating the cross-cultural appropriateness of various power bases that may be tapped by organizational leaders. Design/methodology/approach – Compatibility of each cultural dimension with harsh of soft power bases is conceptually examined, in the context of Raven’s power interaction model of interpersonal influence. Findings – Soft power bases are more likely to be activated by managers in cultures that are collectivist, loose, long-term oriented, but low on power distance and uncertainty avoidance. Harsh power bases are expected to be chosen for influencing subordinates in cultures that are tight, short-term oriented, and high in power distance. Research limitations/implications – This is only an initial attempt to look at the exercise of social power in the context of societal culture. The framework can be extrapolated to a more fine-grained examination of the phenomenon. Practical implication – The conceptualization has potential implications for developing training programs aimed at improving managers’ cross-cultural competencies. Originality/value – Using a cross-cultural lens to examine how a leader exercises power contributes to a holistic view of power and culture. A cross-cultural extension of the power/interaction model, as suggested by the authors, adds value to the field of management development thinking and practice.
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Beune, Karlijn, Ellen Giebels, Wendi L. Adair, Bob M. Fennis, and Karen I. Van Der Zee. "Strategic Sequences in Police Interviews and the Importance of Order and Cultural Fit." Criminal Justice and Behavior 38, no. 9 (June 22, 2011): 934–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811412170.
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This study introduces the concept of strategic sequences to police interviews and concentrates on the impact of active listening behavior and rational arguments. To test the authors’ central assumption that the effectiveness of strategic sequences is dependent on cultural fit (i.e., the match with the cultural background of suspects), young people participated in virtual police interviews. Study 1 demonstrated that contrast sequences accentuating rational rather than relational behavior were found to be effective in eliciting information and admissions from suspects originating from cultures that tend to use more direct and content-oriented communication (i.e., low-context cultures), whereas for suspects from cultures that use more indirect and context-oriented communication (i.e., high-context cultures) a nonsignificant trend in reversed order was found. Study 2 added the investigation of the joint impact of active listening and rational arguments. In line with predictions, the results showed that an active listening—rational arguments sequence is most effective when active listening behavior precedes— rather than follows—rational arguments.
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Jeong, Ji Youn, and John L. Crompton. "Do subjects from high and low context cultures attribute different meanings to tourism services with 9-ending prices?" Tourism Management 64 (February 2018): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.08.009.
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Quillard, Geneviève. "Translation and cultural mediation: The case of advertising in Canada." Translation and Interpreting Studies 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 111–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.1.2.05qui.
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This study is based on a computerized corpus of advertisements published in the last twenty five years in North American magazines, and the translations of these advertisements for the French Canadian readership. Drawing primarily on work published in the area of cultural studies and on such concepts as low/high context cultures, high/low power distance cultures, universalism/particularism, individualism/collectivism, monochronic/ synchronic cultures, etc., this paper analyses some differences between the North American advertisements and their translated versions in the following areas : dietary practices, relationship between addresser and addressees, and social interactions.
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Barés, Gisel, Aida Beà, Luís Hernández, Raul Navaridas, Isidre Felip, Cristina Megino, Natividad Blasco, et al. "ENDOG Impacts on Tumor Cell Proliferation and Tumor Prognosis in the Context of PI3K/PTEN Pathway Status." Cancers 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153803.
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EndoG influences mitochondrial DNA replication and is involved in somatic cell proliferation. Here, we investigated the effect of ENDOG/Endog expression on proliferation in different tumor models. Noteworthy, ENDOG deficiency reduced proliferation of endometrial tumor cells expressing low PTEN/high p-AKT levels, and Endog deletion blunted the growth of PTEN-deficient 3D endometrial cultures. Furthermore, ENDOG silencing reduced proliferation of follicular thyroid carcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines with high p-AKT expression. High ENDOG expression was associated with a short time to treatment in a cohort of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a B-cell lymphoid neoplasm with activation of PI3K/AKT. This clinical impact was observed in the less aggressive CLL subtype with mutated IGHV in which high ENDOG and low PTEN levels were associated with worse outcome. In summary, our results show that reducing ENDOG expression hinders growth of some tumors characterized by low PTEN activity and high p-AKT expression and that ENDOG has prognostic value for some cancer types.
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Song, Myungkeun, Breffni M. Noone, and Anna S. Mattila. "A Tale of Two Cultures: Consumer Reactance and Willingness to Book Fenced Rates." Journal of Travel Research 57, no. 6 (June 13, 2017): 707–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287517713722.
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Rate fences are integral to the practice of revenue management. Prior research suggests that cross-cultural differences in consumer reaction to rate fences exist but little is known about why this is so. This research employed two experimental studies with consumers from the United States and South Korea to explore the mechanisms underlying cultural differences in consumer reaction to nonphysical and physical rate fences. In Study 1, we found that feelings of reactance mediate the restriction-based nonphysical rate fence-willingness to book relationship for highly individualistic cultures, but not for highly collectivist cultures. Study 2’s findings suggest that consumers from low-context cultures favor product-based, over service-based, physical rate fences, while consumers from high-context cultures are unlikely to react differently to product-based, and service-based, physical rate fences. Together, the findings of Study 1 and Study 2 provide tourism managers a framework within which geolocation-based pricing strategies, and associated rate fences, can be evaluated.
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Nguyen, Lam D., Kuo-Hao Lee, Bahaudin G. Mujtaba, and Alexander Ruijs. "Cross-Culture Management." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 4, no. 4 (October 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.2013100101.
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Human capital plays an important role and acts as a strategic resource that helps firms achieve strategic competitiveness. In the global business context, understanding the expectations and behaviors of employees in different cultures is paramount for international and multicultural organizations to succeed. This paper examines the task and relationship orientations as well as the work overload stress perception of people in the low-context culture of the Netherlands and in the high-context culture of Vietnam. As a result of the analysis of 396 responses, some significant differences were found between the two samples. It appears that Vietnamese have significantly higher scores on task, relationship and stress orientations than Dutch respondents. While gender is a significant factor in task and relationship orientations, it did not demonstrate any differences in the stress perceptions of these respondents. In this paper, literature on Dutch and Vietnamese cultures is presented along with practical application, suggestions and implications for future studies.
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Chowdhury, Reza, Wootae Chun, Sungchul Choi, and Kurtis Friend. "Brand and firm values in distinct national cultures." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 32, no. 8 (February 19, 2020): 1737–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-03-2019-0121.
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PurposeThe objective of this article is to investigate the moderating role of national cultures in the relationship between brand value and firm value.Design/methodology/approachThis article examines the topic in the context of different national cultural attributes, including individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, power distance, and long-term orientation. We use brand values of the Financial Times Global 500 companies and national cultural values reported by Hofstede, GLOBE, and Schwartz.FindingsResults exhibit that brands are more value-additive to companies in highly individualistic cultures. Furthermore, a valuable brand contributes more to firm value in countries with low uncertainty avoidance, high masculine, low power distance, and short-term oriented cultures.Originality/valueThe evidence suggests that while a valuable brand contributes to firm value, the level of its effect on firm value varies by national cultures.
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Lvina, Elena, Gary Johns, Darren C. Treadway, Gerhard Blickle, Yongmei (Lucy) Liu, Jun Liu, Salim Atay, et al. "Measure invariance of the Political Skill Inventory (PSI) across five cultures." International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 12, no. 2 (June 25, 2012): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595812439870.
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This research expands the study of political skill, a construct developed in North America, to other cultures. We examine the psychometric properties of the Political Skill Inventory (PSI) and test the measurement equivalence of the scale in a non-American context. Respondents were 1511 employees from China, Germany, Russia, Turkey, and the United States. The cross-cultural generalizability of the construct is established through consistent evidence of multi-group invariance in an increasingly stringent series of analyses of mean and covariance structures. Overall, the study provides systematic evidence that political skill can be treated as a stable construct among diverse cultural groups. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that translated PSI measures operationalize the construct similarly. With some exceptions, the item loadings and intercepts are invariant for the US and non-US responses, suggesting partial measurement equivalence. After verifying the accuracy of item translation, we conclude that any differences can be explained by variation in the cultural value of uncertainly avoidance and cultural differences on a low-to-high context continuum. Detected dissimilarities are addressed, and some suggestions regarding the correct use across borders of the instrument by managers and researchers are provided.
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Miloslavsky, Igor G. "Contextuality in the Russian language." Russian Journal of Linguistics 23, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 731–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9182-2019-23-3-731-748.
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The modern scientific paradigm of linguistics that replaced comparative historical and linguistic-centric paradigm is focused on the relationship between language and reality which is inherently asymmetric in nature. In this situation, the problem of an accurate and complete mutual understanding of the participants of communication becomes more and more urgent. This problem considered in the framework of cultural studies suggests the division of cultures into high context cultures, i.e. those where the behavior of communication participants does not directly express their goals and intentions, and low context cultures, implying direct and frank manifestations of those intentions. The author applies the idea of high and low contextuality to the Russian language, setting the task of identifying those typical manifestations of Russian discourse in which the linguistic signs show a high dependence on the situational and verbal context, and in this way, by virtue of the language structure, cause difficulties for mutual understanding. From this point of view, the study investigates the polysemy of Russian words and grammatical forms, as well as the conditions in which their unambiguous understanding is or is not achieved. It emphasizes the insufficiency of merely stating the possibility of several solutions and the need for algorithms that provide the only (or not the only) correct solution. The author sees another obstacle for successful communication in hyperonyms that do not have a distinct hyponymic content for each participant of communication. The third obstacle is the omission of the verbal designation of modifying and / or substantial characteristics of reality. The article emphasizes that those who speak Russian, in principle possessing the resources necessary for overcoming these difficulties, seek to use them effectively only in certain specialized areas (science, sports, trade) and do not care about the maximum adequacy of language units and reality in everyday and political discourse. In conclusion, the article describes how to take into account the noted features of the Russian language when consciously learning Russian as a native language, as well as when teaching it as a foreign language.
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Qamar, Ahsan, Ahmad Jusoh ., and Halimah Idris . "The Relationship between Organizational Conduct and National Culture." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v5i2.382.
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This paper puts forwards different existing theories on classifying cultures of different countries. The first theory it introduces is of Hofstede’s cultural aspects, then the Hall’s Method of classifying culture into low and high context, and lastly the model of cultural differences by Trompenaars. Following that is the discussion on the interaction between organizational behaviour and the national culture. The focus would be the influence of culture on employee motivation, communication, organizational changes and conflict resolution.
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Elbakrawy, Eman, Savneet Kaur Bains, Scott Bright, Raheem AL-Abedi, Ammar Mayah, Edwin Goodwin, and Munira Kadhim. "Radiation-Induced Senescence Bystander Effect: The Role of Exosomes." Biology 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9080191.
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Ionizing Radiation (IR), especially at high doses, induces cellular senescence in exposed cultures. IR also induces “bystander effects” through signals released from irradiated cells, and these effects include many of the same outcomes observed following direct exposure. Here, we investigate if radiation can cause senescence through a bystander mechanism. Control cultures were exposed directly to 0, 0.1, 2, and 10 Gy. Unirradiated cells were treated with medium from irradiated cultures or with exosomes extracted from irradiated medium. The level of senescence was determined post-treatment (24 h, 15 days, 30 days, and 45 days) by β-galactosidase staining. Media from cultures exposed to all four doses, and exosomes from these cultures, induced significant senescence in recipient cultures. Senescence levels were initially low at the earliest timepoint, and peaked at 15 days, and then decreased with further passaging. These results demonstrate that senescence is inducible through a bystander mechanism. As with other bystander effects, bystander senescence was induced by a low radiation dose. However, unlike other bystander effects, cultures recovered from bystander senescence after repeated passaging. Bystander senescence may be a potentially significant effect of exposure to IR, and may have both beneficial and harmful effects in the context of radiotherapy.
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Chepil, Oksana. "SITUATIONAL CONTEXT OF THE TRANSACTIONAL MODEL IN MODERN INTERCULTURAL BUSINESS COMMUNICATION." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (January 30, 2020): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-254-256.
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The article highlights the complexity of the nature of intercultural business communication as a multidimensional sociocultural phenomenon. In many ways, the field of intercultural communication is the subject of study of an array of disciplines ranging from linguistics, sociology, language communication, philosophy, ethnology, anthropology etc. In particular, this paper deals with the notion of situational context (SC) as a chief element of the communication process. It is defined as the circumstances at which communication act takes place. There are four dimensions of SC: physical, social, chronological and cultural. Each of the following dimensions has been thoroughly examined, with a strong emphasis on the cultural component. Moreover, the object of the study has been analyzed within the transactional model of communication, thoroughly examined by the American scholars T. Gamble and M. Gamble. The model comprises the following elements of communication: the addresser, messages, channels (medium), obstacles, situational context, the addressee. Reflecting on the importance of SC in the modern intercultural business communication it is worth noting its significance as the criteria of the effectiveness of business interaction. The examples introduced in this paper are based on the works of Edward Hall and Erin Mayer which demonstrate the role of low-context and high-context cultures determining the cultural dimension of the situational context. According to the results, the problems of intercultural business communication are not caused by the linguistic aspect. They are to occur due to the ignorance or misperception of the situational context, in particular its cultural dimension. Since cultural patterns of behavior and belief impact our perceptions, cognitions, and actions.
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Khan, Asadullah, and Maqsood Sandhu. "Benchmarking national culture and decent work practice indicators in project-based industry." Benchmarking: An International Journal 23, no. 3 (April 4, 2016): 490–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-02-2014-0015.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to benchmark national culture in the context of decent work practices in project-based industry of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This should help in achieving successful short-term migration. The study also aims to validate the decent work practice indicators for Bangladeshi, Chinese, Indian and Pakistani construction labourers working in the UAE. Design/methodology/approach – This study takes an ethnographic approach in its qualitative research methodology. The research involves observational methodology for its data collection during the execution of construction projects, semi-structured interviews to confirm the data collection during observational approach and a narrative methodology for the data collection within the labour camps, grassy fields and town streets. The qualitative data were expressed in quantitative terms to signify statistically the effect of the national culture in the context of decent work practices in this industry. Hence, the research involved triangulation in its data collection and analysis. Findings – The study reveals that the national cultures of the migrant construction labourers in this context are not the same as identified by Geert Hofstede about four decades earlier. It was found that Indians were high in uncertainty avoidance, Pakistani construction labourers were high in masculinity, Bangladeshi construction labourers were low in long-term orientation (LTO) and individualism and Chinese labourers were found to have high individualism and LTO. This study verified decent work practice indicators for Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi construction labourers and identified different decent work practice indicators for Chinese construction labourers in the UAE than Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi construction labourers. Research limitations/implications – The study was limited to the construction labourers in the UAE. The data were collected during observation while execution construction projects and limited to visiting construction labour camps, grassy fields and town streets. Practical implications – The differences in the national culture of the migrant construction labourers and the decent construction practices in the UAE have economic, social and environmental implications for construction labourers in the Arab world, for both migrant sending and receiving countries. Understanding and managing various national cultures and improving prevalent decent work practices would help to improve economic and social condition of the migrant construction labourers and help to arrest the advance of looming health problems. Originality/value – The study identifies the national cultures of the migrant construction labourers in the context of decent work practices in the UAE. Improvement in the decent work practices of the migrant sending countries and the UAE and understanding of the culture of the migrants will help in preparing effective migration policy by both migrant sending and receiving countries. No study was found to have identified national cultures in the context of decent work practices and assessed the need for improvement in this regard.
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Yani-de-Soriano, Mirella, Paul H. P. Hanel, Rosario Vazquez-Carrasco, Jesús Cambra-Fierro, Alan Wilson, and Edgar Centeno. "Investigating the role of customers’ perceptions of employee effort and justice in service recovery." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 708–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-09-2017-0570.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is, first, to identify the relationship, if any, between customers’ perceptions of justice (functional element) and employee effort (symbolic element) and their effects on satisfaction and loyalty in the context of service recovery and, second, to determine the impact of cross-cultural differences on these relationships. Design/methodology/approach Survey data from actual customers were gathered in three countries ( n = 414) and analyzed using structural equation modeling to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings The results demonstrate the role of the constructs of perceived employee effort and perceived justice in influencing post-recovery satisfaction and loyalty across cultures. While perceived justice is valued across cultures, customers from feminine (masculine) cultures require more (less) employee effort to influence post-recovery satisfaction positively. Customers from low (high) uncertainty cultures are more (less) willing to give the provider another chance after a service recovery. Research limitations/implications The study shows that both functional and symbolic elements of service recovery are important determinants of customer satisfaction and loyalty and that their influence can be significant in a cross-cultural context. Practical implications International service managers must consider the nature of cultural differences in their markets to develop and implement tailored recovery strategies that can result in satisfied customers. Originality/value This study is the first to integrate the functional and symbolic elements of service recovery, their impact on customers’ behavioral responses and the influence of cultural variations.
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Ahmed S. Al-Ghamdi, Naimah, and Rand Alghofaily. "Cross-Cultural Linguistic Analysis of Persuasive Techniques in Shark Tank." International Journal of English Language Education 7, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijele.v7i2.15416.
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The present study evaluates the application of William McGuire's Model of persuasion (1968) on Talk Shows from a cross-cultural view. Selected episodes from "Shark Tank" show in its two versions (the American and the Saudi) are transcribed and analyzed to identify the persuasive steps and techniques used by the participants in order to examine how persuasion works in the two different cultures. Results show that McGuire's model was 50%applied in the American version. Also, the Americans' style of persuasion was characterized by low context meaning, direct speech, linear themes, formal language, verbal techniques oriented, display feelings and creative thinking. On the other hand, McGuire's model of persuasion was 25% applied in the Saudi version. The Saudis' style of persuasion was characterized by high context meaning, indirect speech, non-linear themes, informal language, nonverbal techniques, partly conceals feelings and Simi creative thinking.
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Hadjikoteva, Milka. "Challenging academic presentations." English Studies at NBU 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.15.1.4.
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Academic presentations are hard to teach and students frequently have difficulties in their preparation and delivery. This article aims to present some of the findings of researchers in this area related to communication apprehension encountered both by native and non-native speakers of English. It also discusses the notion of high- and low-context cultures as well as various types of organization of presentations and overviews presentations as a process rather than a product developed with New Bulgarian University (NBU) students of EFL courses at level B1-B2 according to CEFR.
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Mohammadian, Amir. "The Effect of Culture Type on the Length of Persian Proverbs Compared to their English Equivalents." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 4 (May 2, 2017): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.4p.234.
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The interrelation of culture and language is to the extent that many classifications of culture are based on linguistic factors. In this article, high and low context cultures division is assessed on English and Persian as they belong to different cultural types. Forty Persian proverbs are contrasted with their equivalents in English to investigate whether there is a difference in the number of word forms used in each. In order to avoid linguistic differences which are effective in enumerating word forms, the second lines in linguistic glosses provided for Persian proverbs including a one to one correspondence of each word in English are used to count word forms. Results show that 70 percent of the Persian proverbs in the data are longer than their English counterparts. This shows that relative length of proverbs can be a distinguishing factor reflecting cultural types. The results not only confirm the applicability of this cultural division in the field of proverbs, but also a matter of tendency rather than a dichotomy in belonging to a high or low context culture is proposed. At the end, there are suggestions for further relevant investigations.
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Györkös, Christina, Jurgen Becker, Koorosh Massoudi, Gideon P. de Bruin, and Jérôme Rossier. "The Impact of Personality and Culture on the Job Demands-Control Model of Job Stress." Swiss Journal of Psychology 71, no. 1 (January 2012): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000065.
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Among the various work stress models, one of the most popular has been the job demands-control (JDC) model developed by Karasek (1979 ), which postulates that work-related strain is highest under work conditions characterized by high demands and low autonomy. The absence of social support at work further increases negative outcomes. This model, however, does not apply equally to all individuals and to all cultures. This review demonstrates how various individual characteristics, especially some personality dimensions, influence the JDC model and could thus be considered buffering or moderator factors. Moreover, we review how the cultural context impacts this model as suggested by results obtained in European, American, and Asian contexts. Yet there are almost no data from Africa or South America. More crosscultural studies including populations from these continents would be valuable for a better understanding of the impact of the cultural context on the JDC model.
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Ciofalo, Giovanni. "From a cross-cultural research to a film cross-analysis of Italian and American cultural generalizations and stereotypes: My Name is Tanino and Under the Tuscan Sun." Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms_00020_1.
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Abstract This article develops from a wider inter-university research project that focused on the analysis of reciprocal forms of representation of United States and Italy within media industries, and proposes a cross-analysis of the films My Name is Tanino directed by Virzì (2002) and Under the Tuscan Sun by Wells (2003). The aim is to highlight how both films refer to cultural generalizations and stereotypes in regards to American and Italian cultures in a complementary way. To identify the recurring elements of the communicative frame, the article takes an approach based on the recognition of high-context and low-context styles. Finally, to deepen the films’ shared logic of intercultural representation, this article proposes a further interpretative approach based on the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) (Bennett 2017), useful in categorizing recurrent attitudes towards cultural differences such as denial, minimization, defence, acceptance, integration and adaptation.
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Crespo, Nuno Fernandes. "Cross-cultural differences in the entrepreneurial activity of men and women: a fuzzy-set approach." Gender in Management: An International Journal 32, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 281–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-03-2016-0072.
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Purpose The aim of this paper is threefold: to identify the combinations of national culture dimensions that lead to high (or low) entrepreneurial activity (EA) for men and women, to understand the role of economic development as a relevant condition that combines with national culture dimensions to achieve high (or low) male or female EA and to identify the differences between the configurations that lead to those outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and from the Hofstede Centre for 77 countries, this study uses a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore complex causal relations between national culture dimensions, the level of economic development (conditions) and the male and female EA (outcomes). Findings This research provides three major insights. First, it is not possible to talk about a single culture that promotes entrepreneurship, but instead in several entrepreneurial cultures. This is particularly interesting when distinguishing between genders, because there are configurations that are specific to one of the genders. Second, different levels of economic development (high/low) combine with national culture dimensions to produce different configurations that can lead to high EA. Third, differences found between the solutions for both genders are higher in the case of the configurations that lead to high EA than in the ones that lead to low EA. Practical implications These results are very important to governments and policy makers with the objective of stimulating the EA within their specific countries. When designing public policies to promote entrepreneurship, they should take into consideration the specific cultural context of the country. The cultural context of each country presents multiple dimensions; therefore, the design of public policies should not rely on single, occasional and unarticulated policies. There are countries where the cultural context only promotes EA for males or females. In those cases, the public policies should differentiate between men and women, to be equally effective. Originality/value By using a configurational approach, this study identifies several configurations of national culture dimensions and the level of economic development that lead to the same outcomes: high (or low) EA. Some of the configurations are specific to achieving only male or female EA (high or low).
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Pence, Lindy J., Antonis Kourtidis, Ryan W. Feathers, Mary T. Haddad, Sotiris Sotiriou, Paul A. Decker, Aziza Nassar, Idris T. Ocal, Sejal S. Shah, and Panos Z. Anastasiadis. "PLEKHA7, an Apical Adherens Junction Protein, Suppresses Inflammatory Breast Cancer in the Context of High E-Cadherin and p120-Catenin Expression." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031275.
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Inflammatory breast cancer is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer that forms clusters of tumor emboli in dermal lymphatics and readily metastasizes. These cancers express high levels of E-cadherin, the major mediator of adherens junctions, which enhances formation of tumor emboli. Previous studies suggest that E-cadherin promotes cancer when the balance between apical and basolateral cadherin complexes is disrupted. Here, we used immunohistochemistry of inflammatory breast cancer patient samples and analysis of cell lines to determine the expression of PLEKHA7, an apical adherens junction protein. We used viral transduction to re-express PLEKHA7 in inflammatory breast cancer cells and examined their aggressiveness in 2D and 3D cultures and in vivo. We determined that PLEKHA7 was deregulated in inflammatory breast cancer, demonstrating improper localization or lost expression in most patient samples and very low expression in cell lines. Re-expressing PLEKHA7 suppressed proliferation, anchorage independent growth, spheroid viability, and tumor growth in vivo. The data indicate that PLEKHA7 is frequently deregulated and acts to suppress inflammatory breast cancer. The data also promote the need for future inquiry into the imbalance between apical and basolateral cadherin complexes as driving forces in inflammatory breast cancer.
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Hensoldt-Fyda, Magdalena. "Cultural Taboo in Advertising. Differences in the Transmissions of Audiovisual Advertising in American and Hindu Market." Social Communication 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sc-2018-0010.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to examine differences between the transmissions of advertising content in the low and high context culture where the content contains subjects that are widely recognized as taboo. In order to do this, the analysis of audiovisual advertisements broadcast in the USA and India was used. These adverts introduce the problem of gender discrimination (particularly important in Hindu society) and different approach to gender stereotypes in both cultures (in American culture this subject is not suppressed). There are contrasting ways of presenting these difficult subjects in American and Hindu cultures. The things that are taboo in one culture become a stereotype in the other. And so, the question arises: do the cultural differences determining transmission of advertising content in the countries with cultural taboo of a product on sale still exist?
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Kinsey, Joanna D., David J. Kieber, and Patrick J. Neale. "Effects of iron limitation and UV radiation on Phaeocystis antarctica growth and dimethylsulfoniopropionate, dimethylsulfoxide and acrylate concentrations." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 2 (2016): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14275.
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Environmental context Low iron concentrations and solar ultraviolet radiation can affect the growth of marine algae. We observed reduced growth and substantial increases in dissolved dimethylsulfoxide and cellular acrylate concentrations in low-iron cultures of a prevalent Southern Ocean algal species, Phaeocystis antarctica, with comparatively small increases observed for cellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate concentrations. Exposure of P. antarctica to high levels of ultraviolet and visible light had very little effect on concentrations of these compounds in culture, even under iron-limitation. Our results highlight the importance of iron to P. antarctica. Abstract Iron is a key nutrient regulating primary production in the Southern Ocean. We investigated the effect of iron limitation with and without exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 290–400nm) on concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and acrylate in axenic batch cultures of Phaeocystis antarctica, a dominant algal species in Antarctic waters. Cellular concentrations of DMSP and acrylate, and cell-number normalised dissolved DMSO concentrations were 1.4-, 11.5- and 6.9-fold higher in iron-limited cultures compared to iron-replete cultures, which we propose resulted from (1) increased reactions of DMSP and dimethylsulfide (DMS) with reactive oxygen species to produce DMSO and (2) increased DMSP cleavage under iron limitation to produce acrylate. Short-term exposure (4h) of iron-limited and iron-replete cultures to a range of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UVR+PAR irradiances did not appreciably affect P. antarctica biomass or total DMSP, DMSO or acrylate concentrations, except at high UVR intensities, suggesting that iron limitation was the primary driver regulating growth and changes in concentrations of these compounds in P. antarctica. High millimolar cellular DMSP and acrylate concentrations under both iron-replete and iron-limited conditions indicated that these two compounds served as de facto antioxidants allowing P. antarctica to thrive under high UVR exposure and low iron concentrations. High dissolved acrylate concentrations indicate significant carbon removal possibly as part of an overflow mechanism during unbalanced growth.
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MUNTEAN, Edward, Marcel DUDA, and Nicoleta MUNTEAN. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Corn Grains." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 76, no. 2 (November 23, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2019.0018.
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Contamination of crop plants with organic pollutants raises a growing interest in recent years; among the investigated pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of special concern because some of them are toxic and carcinogenic. In this context, the main purpose of this research was to establish the degree of contamination of corn grains with the 16 priority PAHs under three experimental cultures’ conditions: one with historical pollution, another located in an urban environment and a third reference one, located in an unpolluted area. Analytical determinations were performed by high performance liquid chromatography, highlighting the higher content of low molecular weight PAHs, mainly naphthalene, fluorene and acenaphthene; the high molecular weight PAH’ contamination is mainly due to indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene.
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Pence, Christine Cope, and Catharina Wulf. "Asynchronous Learning Forums for Business Acculturation." Industry and Higher Education 23, no. 4 (August 2009): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000009789346121.
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The use of IT as a facilitator for student collaboration in higher business education has grown rapidly since 2000. Asynchronous discussion forums are used abundantly for collaborative training purposes and for teaching students business-relevant tools for their future careers. This article presents an analysis of the asynchronous discussion forum series that was used in an MBA Business Ethics class in France as a facilitator to bridge cultural differences for future lifelong learning. The objective of the forum series, to facilitate the acculturation of business soft skills through online discussion of experiential cases, leads to observations of adaptation rather than the convergence of intercultural soft skills between high and low context cultures.